Chapter 7

Caius booke of dogges twyse written. 1 Conny is not hunted. 4 Connye caught with the ferryt. ibidem Conny taken with the net. ibi. Continuaunce of tyme breedeth cunning. 8 Castle of Flint. 10 Cunnies preuented of succor. 11 Callimachus. 20 Cõforter called Meliteus. ibid. Comforters proportion described. ibide. Comforters condicions declared. ibidem Comforters to what ende they serue. ibidem Comforters the pretier, the pleasaunter. 21 Comforters, companions of ydle dames. ibidem Comforters why they are so much estemed among gentlefolkes. ibidem Comforters, what vertue is in them. ibide. Conditions natural, som secrete, some manifest. ibide. Comforters called by sundrye names. ibide. Cicero pro S. Ross. 26 Countrey cotages annoyed with theeues. ibidem Capitolium kept dogges at the common charge. ibide. Carrier why he is so called. 28 Carriers seruice and properties. ibidem Comeparcke, a perillous place. 30 Cõmendation of the mastiue. 32

_D._

Dogges for hunting two kindes generally. 2 Diuerse dogges diuerse vses. 4 Deceipt is th' instrument of the Tumbler. 12 Dogges for the faulcon, the phesaunt, and the partridge. 15 Dogs are houshold seruants. 16 Ducks deceaue both dogge and maister. 17 Ducks subtyle of nature. ibi. Ducks diss[em]ble weaknesse. ibi. Ducks prudent and prouident. ibidem Ducks regarde them selues and their broode. ibid. Dogges of a course kind. ibi. Dissembling theeues. 27 Dissembling dogges. 30 Defending dogges stick to their maisters to the death. ibide. Defending dogges greedy of reuengement. ibidem Diuersitie of mastiues. 32 Daungerous dogges. ibid. Daunsers qualities. 35 Daunsers begge for their meate. ibidem Daunsers vsed for lucre and gaine. ibid. Dogges wonderfullye ingendred. ibidem

_E._

England is not without Scottish dogges. 2 Election in a gase hound. 8 England and VVales are cleare from wolues. 24 Edgar what tyme King of England. ibidem Epirus a countrey in Græcia. 28

_F._

Foxe hunted by the gasehound. 8 Flight preuenteth peryl. 9 Froisart historiographer. 10 Flint Castle. ibide. Fiench dogges howe their skins be speckled. 15 Fisher dogge none in Englande. 18 Fisher dogge, doubtfull if there be any such. ibidem Faulcon and an Eagle fight. 26 Faulcon kylled for fighting with an Eagle. ibid. Fire betraied by a dogge. 30 Fire raked vp by a dogge. 31 Farmars keepe dogges. ibid. Feareful dogges barke sorest. 32 Foxes kept for sundrye causes. 36 Foxes holsome in houses. ibid.

_G._

Gesner desirous of knowledge. 1 Gesner earnest in experimentes. ibi. Gasehounde whence he hath his name. 9 Gasehoundes vsed in the North. ibidem Gasehound somtimes loseth his waye. ibidem Grehound light footed. ibid. Grehounds special seruice. ibi. Grehoundes strong and swifte. ibidem Grehounds game. 10 Grehounds spare of body. ibi. Grehounds nature wonderfull. ibid. Grehounde of King Richarde. ibid. Gentle dogge. 14 Gratius Poet his opinion. 37 Getulian dogge. 38

_H._

Hunting wherin it consisteth. 2 Hunting and fowleing doo differ. 3 Hunting dogges, fiue speciall kinds. ibid. Harryer excelleth in smelling. ibidem Harryer how he is known. ibi. Hare hunted by the gasehound. 8 Henry Duke of Lancaster. 10 Hole of the Conny, their hauen of health. 11 Hare daunsing in measure. 16 Hare beating and thumping a dogge. ibidem Heare a hinderaunce to the water Spaniell in swymming. 17 Heare an vnprofitable burthen. ibi. Hector Boethus. 18 Henry the seuenth. 26 Henries commaundement to hang all bandogges. ibid. Henries Faulconer, and his Faulcon. ibi. Hippocrates. 38

_I._

Justice mayntained by Alfred. 27 Ingulphus Croyladensis historiographer. 28 Ianus watching. 31 Indian dogges. 37 Iseland curres, rough and rugged. ibid. Iselande curres mutch sette by. ibidem

_K._

King Richarde of England. 10 King Edgars trybute out of VVales. 23 King Henrie the seuenth. 26 King of all beasts, the Lyon. ibi. King of all Birds, the Eagle. ibi. Keepers seruice. 28 Kingston, or Kingstoune verye famous in olde time. 30 Kinges crowned at Kingstoune, to the number of eyght, theyr names are these. Edward the first, Athelstan, Edmunde, Aldred, Edwin, Edgar, Edeldred, Edwarde, syrnamed Yron rybbes. ibid.

_L._

Leuiner quicke of smelling, and swyft of running. 10 Leuiner, why so called. ibi. Leuiner foloweth the game eagerly. ibi. Leuiner taketh his pray speedilie. ibid. Lyon King of all beasts. 26 Lust of the flesh reconcileth enemies. 36

_M._

Maisters becke a direction to the gasehound. 9 Melita or Malta. 20 Mastiues proportiõ described. 20 Mastiue, why he is called Villaticus. ibi. Mastiues vse and seruice. ibi. Mastiues are mankind. ibi. Mastiues of great might. 16 Molossia. 28 Mooner, why so termed. 29 Mooner watchfull. ibi. Mungrellesl. [34] Maisterles men carrie Apes about. 35 Man in the moone. 37

_N._

Nature hath made some dogges for hunting. 4 Naturall properties of the water spaniel. 16 No VVolues in Englande nor VVales. 24 No place free from theeues. 27 Nothing escapeth the spoiler. 18 Nonius bau wau. 19 Names of the mastiue. 33 Names of the spaniel gentle. 22 Names of Dogges whence they were deriued. 39, 40, 41, 42, &c.

_O._

One Dogge hunteth diuerse beastes. 4 Owners of bloudhoundes howe they vse them. 6 Order of the Tumbler in hunting. 11 Of the Cumaneasse. 37 Of brasen shanckt Thales. ibi. Otter. 7

_P._

Properties of a bloudhound issuing from desire. 7 Proportion and making of the water spaniel. 17 Pupine a byrd and a fyshe. 18 Princes pallace pestered with theeues. 16 Paris in Fraunce. 30

_R._

Rome maintained dogges. 28 Rare toyes meete for Englishemen. 37

_S._

Smelling is not incident to the gasehound. 8 Spaniels of a gentle kinde. 14 Spaniels two sortes. ibide. Spaniel of the lande what properties. ibidem Spaniel for the hauke and the nette. ibide. Spaniels some haue speciall names. ibide. Spaniel a name vniuersall. 15 Spaniels the colour of their skinnes. ibidem Setters make no noyse, or very litle, in their game. ibidem Setters giue attendaunce. ibide. Setters behauiour. ibide. Setter whence he hath his name. 16 Sea calfe not numbred amonge Englishe dogges. 19 Sea calfe called a dogge fishe. ibi. Seele or sea veale. ibidem Spaniell gentle or the comforter. 20 Shepherdes dogge. 23. The necessity of their seruice. ibi. The proportion of them. ibidem Shepherdes what benefite they reape by their dogges. 24 Sheepherdes in what countryes they go before their sheepe. ibidem Sheepe howe they flocke at the sheepherds whistle. ibid. Sheepherds Dogge choose and take. ibid. Salacones vaineglorious. 37

_T._

Terrars hunt the badger and the Foxe. 4 Terrars hunt as ferryts hunt. ibi. Terrars conditions. ibid. Terrars holde fast with theyr teeth. 5 Tumblers crafty and fraudulent. 11 Tumblers why so named. ibid. their trade in h[un]ting. ibi. their dissembling of friendship. ibi. they hunt against the wind. 12 Theeuish dogges. ibidem Theeuish Dogge, a night curre. ibidem Theeues feare no law, 27. Some steale for neede. ibid. Some to maintaine brauery. ibi. Tynckers curres beare burthens 29. their conditions. ibi. they loue their masters. ibid. Two suiters to one woman. 30 Turnespet painefull in the kytchen. 34 Thales with the brasen feete. 37

_V._

Vertue of the comforter. 21 Valentines law for vagabundes. 27 Virgils vearse. 31

_W._

VVatchwordes make Dogges perfect in game. 8 VVonder of a Hare or Leuerit. 16 VVater spaniell called the finder. ibidem VVater spaniels what properties. ibidem. VVater spaniels their proportion. 17. howe they be described by _D. Caius_. ibidem VVhy so called. ibidem VVhere their game lyeth and what it is. ibidem VVhy they are called fynders. ibidem VVanton women, wanton puppies. 20 VVolues bloudsucking beastes. 23. none England nor wales. ibidem. three hundred payde yearely to Prince Edgar. ibid. VVarner what seruice he doth. 34 VVappes vnprofitable dogges. ibidem

_Y._

Young dogges barcke much. 8 Yolping and yelling in a bandogge. 31 Yll kinde whelpes not regarded. 33

_The ende of the Index._

¶ Faultes escaped _thus to b'amended_.

In the last page of the Epistle Dedicatory, _Quæ_ for _Qui_ Page. 3. _Grecians_ for _Græcians_, Page. 28. _Canis Cultos_ for _Canis Custos_, Page. 38. _Britanica_ for _Britannica_.

Other faultes we referre to the correction of the Reader.

There bee also certaine _Accents_ wanting in the Greeke words which, because we had them not, are pretermitted: so haue wee byn fayne to let the Greeke words run their full length, for lacke of _Abbreuiations_.

_Studio & industriæ,_

_Abrahami_ _Flemingi._

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

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Errors and Inconsistencies (English Translation)

_Fleming's Errata_

The form "X for Y" means is "X is a misprint for Y", not "substitute X for Y".

In the last page of the Epistle Dedicatory, _Quæ_ for _Qui_ [qui tantam gratiam conciliauit] Page. 3. _Grecians_ for _Græcians_, [the _Græcians_ by thys word #ichneutên#] [_the spelling "Grecians" also occurs on p. 25, where it has been changed for consistency:_ This dogge in like maner of _Græcians_ is called #oikouros#] Page. 28. _Canis Cultos_ for _Canis Custos_, [Of the latinists _Canis Custos_, in Englishe the Dogge keeper.] Page. 38. _Britanica_ for _Britannica_. [our worcke entituled _De Ephemera Britanica_]

References to Greek accents and abbreviations apply to the book as originally published. As noted in the editor's introduction (quoted at the end of the e-text), Greek was regularized in this reprint. Minor errors are listed below.

_Typographical Errors_

Headers in the form "Of the Dogge called..." were printed with or without commas and have not been regularized. Variation between W and VV is unchanged.

Title Page (printed in facsimile)

_Natura etiam in brutis vin ostendit suam._ [_error for "vim"_] [_If this line is a quotation or paraphrase, it has not been identified._] Scene and allowed. [_error for "Seene"_]

Main text (errors introduced or retained in the reprint)

hortatur aliquod quale quale sit [_duplication probably intentional_] with the teeth of spightfull enuye, [euuye] a difference betweene hunting and fowleling, [_text unchanged_] #kuna potamion# a water dogge [#kunapotamion# _with incorrect diacritic_] which are vsed for the fowle are called _Aucupatorij_. [, for .] they are sayd to ha{n}e their generation of the violent Lyon [_letter "n" printed in italics: error for "haue"?_] the sawcy _Salacones'_ #megalorrhountôn# [_Greek word has extraneous and incorrect accents_] This dogge in like maner of _Græcians_ is called #oikouros#. [_for "Græcians", see notes on author's errata, above_] [_missing . at paragraph-end_] An example hereof [And example] Dogs comprehended in y^e fourth section are these [secion] which is most blockishe, [blocklishe] ["Diall", 5th section] called in Latine _Canes Rustici_ [_text given as printed: apparent error for "Degeneres"_] as Hunt, Hunde, whom (if you coniecture to be so named [_open parenthesis as shown_] Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer. [Leuyuer] _Ælianus_ in his .7. booke [his. / 7. _at line break_] as the _Græcians_ doe their #bauzein# of wau. [, for .]

Index

The random abbreviations of "ibidem" are unchanged.

Hare daunsing in measure. 16 [_comma , for period ._] Mungrellesl. [34] [_line printed as shown, including brackets_] Maisterles men carrie Apes about. 35 [Maiterles] [_the body text consistently spells "Master"; the Index uses "Maister"_] VVolues bloudsucking beastes. 23. [_first . missing_] none England nor wales. ibidem. [nor wales ibidem,]

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[Transcriber's Note:

This parallel section omits the Latin and English introductions of Fleming's translation, and both Indexes.]

IOANNIS CAII BRITANNI

De _Canibus Britannicis libellus._

_Ad Gesnerum._

The first Section of this _discourse_.

¶ The Preamble or entraunce, into this treatise.

Scripsimus ad te (charissime Gesnere) superioribus annis variam historiam de variis quadrupedum, avium, atque piscium formis, variis herbarum atque fruticum speciebus & figuris.

I wrote vnto you (well beloued friende _Gesner_) not many yeares past, a manifolde historie, contayning the diuers formes and figures of Beastes, Byrdes, and Fyshes, the sundry shapes of plantes, and the fashions of Hearbes, &c.

Scripsimus & de canibus quædam ad te seorsum, quæ in libro tuo de iconibus animalium ordine secundo mansuetorum quadrupedum, ubi de Canibus Scoticis scribis, & in fine epistolæ tuæ ad Gulielmum Turnerum de libris a te editis, inter libros nondum excusos, te editurum polliceris.

I wrote moreouer, vnto you seuerally, a certayne abridgement of Dogges, which in your discourse vpon the fourmes of Beastes in the seconde order of mylde and tameable Beastes, where you make mencion of Scottishe Dogges, and in the wynding vp of your Letter written and directed to Doctour _Turner_, comprehending a Catalogue or rehersall of your bookes not yet extant, you promised to set forth in print, and openly to publishe in the face of the worlde among such your workes as are not yet come abroade to lyght and sight.

Sed quia de Canibus nostris quædam in eo libello mihi videbantur desiderari, editionem prohibui, & alium promisi. Quamobrem, ut promissis meis starem, & expectationi tuæ satisfacerem, homini omnis cognitionis cupido, universitatem generis, differentiam atque usum, mores & ingenium, veluti methodo quadam conabor explicare.

But, because certaine circumstaunces were wanting in my breuiary of Englishe Dogges (as seemed vnto mee) I stayed the publication of the same, making promise to sende another abroade, which myght be commytted to the handes, the eyes, the eares, the mindes, and the iudgements of the Readers. Wherefore that I myght perfourme that preciselye, which I promised solempnly, accomplishe my determination, and satisfy your expectacion: which art a man desirous and capeable of all kinde of knowledge, and very earnest to be acquaincted with all experimentes: I wyll expresse and declare in due order, the grand and generall kinde of Englishe Dogges, the difference of them, the vse, the propertyes, and the diuerse natures of the same, making a tripartite diuision in this sort and maner.

Dispertiar in tres species, Generosam, Rusticam, & Degenerem; sic ut de illa primò, de hac postremò, de rustica, medio loco tibi dicam.

All Englishe Dogges be eyther of,

{ A gentle kinde, seruing the game. { A homely kind, apt for sundry necessary vses. { A currishe kinde, meete for many toyes.

Of these three sortes or kindes so meane I to entreate, that the first in the first place, the last in the last roome, and the myddle sort in the middle seate be handled.

Omnes Britannicos vocabo; tum quòd una Insula Britannia, ut Anglicos omnes, sic quoque Scoticos omnes complectatur: tum quòd venatibus magis indulgemus, quia voluptati ex feris & venatione, propter animalium copiam, atque hominum otium, magis Britanni sumus dediti, quàm eorum animalium indigi & negotiosi Scoti.

I cal th[em] vniuersally all by the name of English dogges, as well because England only, as it hath in it English dogs, so it is not without Scottishe, as also for that wee are more inclined and delighted with the noble game of hunting, for we Englishmen are adicted and giuen to that exercise, & painefull pastime of pleasure, as well for the plenty of fleshe which our Parkes and Forrests doe foster, as also for the oportunitie and conuenient leasure which we obtaine, both which, the Scottes want.

[Ex generosis venaticis.] Ergo cum omnis ratio generosæ venationis, vel in persequendis feris, vel in capiendis avibus finiatur, canum, quibus hæc aguntur, duo genera sunt: alterum quod feras investiget, alterum quod aves persequatur.

Wherfore seeing that the whole estate of kindly hunting consisteth principally,

In these two pointes,

{ In chasing the beast } that is in { hunting } { In taking the byrde } { fowleing }

It is necessary and requisite to vnderstand, that there are two sortes of Dogges by whose meanes, the feates within specifyed are wrought, and these practyses of actiuitie cunningly and curiously compassed,

Two kindes of Dogges

{ One which rouseth the beast and continueth the chase, { Another which springeth the byrde and bewrayeth flight by pursuite,

Utraque Latinis uno & communi nomine dici possunt venatica.

Both which kyndes are tearmed of the Latines by one common name that is, _Canes Venatici_, hunting dogges.

Sed Anglis cum aliud esse videatur feras sectari, aliud aves capere, ut primum venationem, secundum aucupium nominant, ita canum nomina volunt esse diversa: ut qui feras lacessunt, venatici; qui aves, aucupatorii dicerentur.