Chapter 6

As Virgill vaunteth in his verses, Then if his master byddeth him go abroade, he lingereth not, but raungeth ouer all his lands lying there about, more diligently, I wys, then any farmer himselfe. And if he finde anything their that is straunge and pertaining to other persons besides his master, (32) whether it be man, woman, or beast, he driueth them out of the ground, not medling with any thing which doth belong to the possession and vse of his master. But how much faythfulnes, so much diuersitie there is in their natures,

For there be some,

{ Which barcke only with free and open throate but will not bite, { Which doe both barcke and byte, { Which bite bitterly before they barcke,

The first are not greatly to be feared, because they themselues are fearefull, and fearefull dogges (as the prouerbe importeth) barcke most vehemently.

The second are daungerous, it is wisedome to take heede of them because they sounde, as it were, an _Alarum_ of an afterclappe, and these dogges must not be ouer much moued or prouoked, for then they take on outragiously as if they were madde, watching to set the print of their teeth in the fleshe. And these kinde of dogges are fearce and eager by nature.

The thirde are deadly, for they flye upon a man, without vtteraunce of voyce, snatch at him, and catche him by the throate, and most cruelly byte out colloppes of fleashe. Feare these kind of Curres, (if thou be wise and circumspect about thine owne safetie) for they bee stoute and stubberne dogges, and set vpon a man at a sodden vnwares. By these signes and tokens, by these notes and argumentes our men discerne the cowardly curre from the couragious dogge the bolde from the fearefull, the butcherly from the gentle and tractable. Moreouer they coniecture that a whelpe of an yll kinde is not worthe the keeping and that no dogge can serue the sundry vses of men so aptly and so conueniently as this sort of whom we haue so largely written already. For if any be disposed to drawe the aboue named seruices into a table, what mã more clearely, and with more vehemency of voyce giueth warning eyther of a wastefull beast, or of a spoiling theefe then this? who by his barcking (as good as a burning beacon) (33) foreshoweth hassards at hand? What maner of beast stronger? what serua[un]t to his master more louing? what companion more trustie? what watchman more vigilant? what reuenger more constant? what messinger more speedie? what water bearer more painefull? Finally what packhorse more patient? And thus much concerning English Dogges, first of the gentle kinde, secondly of the courser kinde. Nowe it remaineth that we deliuer vnto you the Dogges of a mungrell or a currishe kinde, and then will wee perfourme our taske.

¶ A Diall pertaining to the _fourth Section_.

Dogs comprehended in y^e fourth section are these

{ The shepherds dogge { The Mastiue or Bandogge,

which hath sundry names diriued frõ sundry circ[um]stances as

{ The keeper or watch man { The butchers dogge { The messinger or carrier { The Mooner { The water drawer { The Tinckers curr { The fencer,

called in Latine _Canes Rustici_.

(34) The fifth Section of this _treatise_.

Containing Curres of the mungrell and rascall sort and first of the Dogge called in Latine, _Admonitor_, and of vs in Englishe VVappe or VVarner.

Of such dogges as keepe not their kinde, of such as are mingled out of sundry sortes not imitating the conditions of some one certaine spice, because they res[em]ble no notable shape, nor exercise any worthy property of the true perfect and gentle kind, it is not necessarye that I write any more of them, but to banishe them as vnprofitable implements, out of the boundes of my Booke, vnprofitable I say for any vse that is commendable, except to intertaine stra[un]gers with their barcking in the day time, giuyng warnyng to them of the house, that such & such be newly come, wherevpon we call them admonishing Dogges, because in that point they performe theyr office.

Of the Dogge called Turnespete in Latine _Veruuersator_.

There is comprehended, vnder the curres of the coursest kinde, a certaine dogge in kytchen seruice excellent. For wh[en] any meate is to bee roasted they go into a wheele which they turning rounde about with the waight of their bodies, so (35) diligently looke to their businesse, that no drudge nor skullion can doe the feate more cunningly. Whom the popular sort herevpon call Turnespets, being the last of all those which wee haue first mencioned.

Of the Dogge called the Daunser, in Latine _Saltator_ or _Tympanista_.

There be also dogges among vs of a mungrell kind which are taught and exercised to daunce in measure at the musicall sounde of an instrument, as, at the iust stroke of the drombe, at the sweete accent of the Cyterne, & tuned strings of the harmonious Harpe showing many pretty trickes by the gesture of their bodies. As to stand bolte upright, to lye flat vpon the grounde, to turne rounde as a ringe holding their tailes in their teeth, to begge for theyr meate, and sundry such properties, which they learne of theyr vagabundicall masters, whose instrumentes they are to gather gaine, withall in Citie, Country, Towne, and Village. As some which carry olde apes on their shoulders in coloured iackets to moue men to laughter for a litle lucre.

Of other Dogges, a short conclusion, wonderfully ingendred within the coastes of this country.

Three sortes of them,

{ The first bred of a bytch and a wolfe, } In Latine _Lyciscus_. { The second of a bytche and a foxe, } In Latine _Lacæna_. { The third of a beare and a bandogge, } In Latine _Vrcanus_.

Of the first we haue none naturally bred within the borders of England. The reason is for the want of wolfes, without whom no such kinde of Dogge can bee ingendred. Againe (36) it is deliuered vnto thee in this discourse, how and by what meanes, by whose benefite, and within what circuite of tyme, this country was cleerely discharged of rauenyng wolfes, and none at all left, no, not to the least number, or the beginnyng of a number, which is an _Vnari_.

Of the second sort we are not vtterly voyde of some, because this our Englishe soyle is not free from foxes (for in deede we are not without a multitude of them in so much as diuerse keepe, foster, and feede them in their houses among their houndes and dogges, eyther for some maladie of mind, or for some sicknesse of body,) which peraduenture the savour of that subtill beast would eyther mitigate or expell.

The thirde kinde which is bred of a Beare and a Bandogge we want not heare in England, (A straunge & wonderfull effect, that cruell enimyes should enter into y^e worke of copulation & bring forth so sauage a curre.) Undoubtedly it is euen so as we haue reported, for the fyery heate of theyr fleshe, or rather the pricking thorne, or most of all, the tyckling lust of lechery, beareth such swinge and sway in them, that there is no contrairietie for the time, but of constraint they must ioyne to ingender. And why should not this bee consonant to truth? why shoulde not these beastes breede in this lande, as well as in other forreigne nations? For wee reede that Tigers and dogges in _Hircania_, that Lyons and Dogges in _Arcadia_, and that wolfes and dogges in _Francia_, couple and procreate. In men and women also lyghtened with the lantarne of reason (but vtterly voide of vertue) that foolishe, frantique, and fleshely action, (yet naturally sealed in vs) worketh so effectuously, y^t many tymes it doth reconcile enimyes, set foes at freendship, vnanimitie, & atonement, as _Moria_ mencioneth. The _Vrcane_ which is bred of a beare and a dogge,

Is fearce, is fell, is stoute and stronge, And byteth sore to fleshe and bone, His furious force indureth longe In rage he will be rul'de of none.

That I may vse the wordes of the Poet _Gratius_, This (37) dogge exceedeth all other in cruell conditions, his leering and fleering lookes, his stearne and sauage vissage, maketh him in sight feareful and terrible, he is violent in fighting, & wheresoeuer he setteth his tenterhooke teeth, he taketh such sure & fast hold that a man may sooner teare and rende him in sunder, then lose him and seperate his chappes. He passeth not for the Wolfe, the Beare, the Lyon, nor the Bull, and may wortherly (as I thinke) be companiõ with _Alexanders_ dogge which came out of _India_. But of these, thus much, and thus farre may seeme sufficient.

A starte to outlandishe Dogges in this conclusion, not impertinent to the Authors purpose.

Vse and custome hath intertained other dogges of an outlandishe kinde, but a fewe and the same beyng of a pretty bygnesse, I meane Iseland, dogges curled & rough al ouer, which by reason of the lenght of their heare make showe neither of face nor of body. And yet these curres, forsoothe, because they are so straunge are greatly set by, esteemed, taken vp, and made of many times in the roome of the Spaniell gentle or comforter. The natures of men is so moued, nay rather marryed to nouelties without all reason, wyt, iudgement or perseueraunce. #Erômen allotriôn, parorômen sungeneis#.

Outlandishe toyes we take with delight, Things of our owne nation we haue in despight.

Which fault remaineth not in vs concerning dogges only, but for artificers also. And why? it is to manyfest that wee disdayne and contempne our owne workmen, be they neuer so skilfull, be they neuer so cunning, be they neuer so excellent. A beggerly beast brought out of barbarous borders, frõ the vttermost countryes Northward, &c., we stare at, we gase at, we muse, we maruaile at, like an asse of _Cumanum_, like Thales with the brasen shancks, like the man in the Moone.

(38) The which default _Hippocrates_ marcked when he was alyue, as euidently appeareth in the beginnyng of his booke #peri agmôn#, so intituled and named:

And we in our worcke entituled _De Ephemera Britanica_, to the people of England haue more plentifully expressed. In this kinde looke which is most blockishe, and yet most waspishe, the same is most esteemed, and not amonge Citizens onely and iolly gentlemen, but among lustie Lordes also, and noble men, and daintie courtier ruffling in their ryotous ragges. Further I am not to wade in the foorde of this discourse, because it was my purpose to satisfie your expectation with a short treatise (most learned _Conrade_) not wearysome for me to wryte, nor tedious for you to peruse. Among other things which you haue receaued at my handes heretofore, I remember that I wrote a seuerall description of the Getulian Dogge, because there are but a fewe of them and therefore very seldome scene. As touching Dogges of other kyndes you your selfe haue taken earnest paine, in writing of them both lyuely, learnedly and largely. But because wee haue drawne this libell more at length then the former which I sent you (and yet briefer than the nature of the thing myght well beare) regardyng your more earnest and necessary studdies. I will conclude makyng a rehearsall notwithstanding (for memoryes sake) of certaine specialties contayned in the whole body of this my breuiary. And because you participate principall pleasure in the knowledge of the common and vsuall names of Dogges (as I gather by the course of your letters) I suppose it not amysse to deliuer vnto you a shorte table contayning as well the Latine as the Englishe names, and to render a reason of euery particular appellation, to th'intent that no scruple may remaine in this point, but that euery thing may bee sifted to the bare bottome.

A Diall pertaining to the _fifte Section_.

Dogges contained in this last Diall or Table are

{ The wapp or warner, { The Turnespet, { The dauncer,

called in Latine _Canes Rustici_

A Supplement or Addition, containing a demonstration of Dogges names how they had their Originall.

The names contayned in the generall table, for so much as they signifie nothing to you being a straunger, and ignoraunt of the Englishe tounge, except they be interpreted: As we haue giuen a reason before of y^e latine words so meane we to doe no lesse of the Englishe that euery thing maye be manyfest vnto your vnderstanding. Wherein I intende to obserue the same order which I haue followed before.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the first section.

_Sagax_, in Englishe Hunde, is deriued of our English word (40) hunte. One letter chaunged in another, namely, T, into D, as Hunt, Hunde, whom (if you coniecture to be so named of your country worde _Hunde_ which signifieth the generall name Dogge, because of the similitude and likenesse of the wordes I will not stand in contradiction (friende _Gesner_) for so much as we retaine among vs at this day many Dutche wordes which the _Saxons_ left at such time as they occupyed this country of Britane. Thus much also vnderstand, that as in your language _Hunde_ is the common word, so in our naturall tounge dogge is the vniuersall, but _Hunde_ is perticuler and a speciall, for it signifieth such a dogge onely as serueth to hunt, and therfore it is called a hunde.

Of the Gasehounde.

The Gasehounde called in latine _Agasæus_, hath his name of the sharpenesse and stedfastnesse of his eyesight. By which vertue he compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attaine. As we haue made former relation, for to gase is earnestly to viewe and beholde, from whence floweth the deriuation of this dogges name.

Of the Grehounde.

The Grehounde called _Leporarius_, hath his name of this word, Gre, which word soundeth, _Gradus_ in latine, in Englishe degree. Because among all dogges these are the most principall, occupying the chiefest place, and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle kinde of houndes.

Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer.

This dogge is called a Leuyner, for his lyghtnesse, which in latine soundeth _Leuitas_, Or a Lyemmer which worde is borrowed of Lyemme, which the latinists name _Lorum_: and wherefore we call him a Leuyner of this worde _Leuitas_? (as we doe many things besides) why we deriue and drawe a thousand of our tearmes, out of the _Greeke_, the _Latine_, the _Italian_, the _Dutch_, the _French_, and the _Spanishe_ tounge? (Out of which fountaines in deede, they had their originall issue.) How many words are buryed in the graue of forgetfulnes? growne out of vse? wrested awrye? and peruersly corrupted by diuers (41) defaultes? we wil declare at large in our booke intituled, _Symphonia vocum Britannicarum_.

Of the Tumbler.

Among houndes the Tumbler called in latine _Vertagus_, is the last, which commeth of this worde Tumbler flowyng first of al out of the French fountaine. For as we say Tumble so they, _Tumbier_, reseruing one sense and signification, which the latinists comprehende vnder this worde _Vertere_, So that we see thus much, that Tumbler commeth of _Tumbier_, the vowell, I, chaunged into the _Liquid_, L, after y^e maner of our speache. Contrary to the French and the Italian tounge. In which two languages, A _Liquid_ before a _Vowell_ for the most part is turned into another _Vowell_, As, may be perceaued in the example of these two wordes, _Implere_ & _plano_, for _Impiere_ & _piano_, L, before, E, chaunged into, I, and L, before A, turned into I, also. This I thought conuenient for a taste.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the second Section.

After such as serue for hunting orderly doe follow such as serue for hawking and fowling, Among which the principall and chiefest is the Spaniell, called in Latine _Hispaniolus_, borrowing his name of _Hispania_ Spaine, wherein wee Englishe men not pronouncing the Aspiration H, Nor the _Vowell_ I, for quicknesse and redinesse of speach say roundly A Spaniell.

Of the Setter.

The second sort of this second diuision and second section, is called a Setter, in latine _Index_, Of the worde Set which signifieth in Englishe that which the Latinistes meane by this word _Locum designare_, y^e reason is rehersed before more largely, it shall not neede to make a new repetition.

(42) Of the water Spaniell or Finder.

The water Spaniell consequently followeth, called in Latine Aquaticus, in English a waterspaniell, which name is compounde of two simple wordes, namely Water, which in Latine so[un]deth _Aqua_, wherein he swymmeth. And _Spaine_, _Hispania_, the country frõ whence they came, Not that England wanted such kinde of Dogges, (for they are naturally bred and ingendred in this country.) But because they beare the generall and common name of these Dogges synce the time they were first brought ouer out of Spaine. And wee make a certaine difference in this sort of Dogges, eyther for some thing which in theyr voyce is to be marked, or for some thing which in their qualities is to be considered, as for an example in this kinde called the Spaniell by the apposition and putting to of this word water, which two coupled together sounde waterspaniell. He is also called a fynder, in Latine _Inquisitor_, because that by serious and secure seeking, he findeth such things as be lost, which word _Finde_ in English is that which the Latines meane by this Verbe _Inuenire_. This dogge hath this name of his property because the principall point of his seruice consisteth in the premisses.

The names of such Dogges as be contained in the thirde Section.

Now leauing the suruie we of hunting and hauking dogs, it remaineth that we runne ouer the residue, whereof some be called, fine dogs, some course, other some mungrels or rascalls. The first is the Spaniell gentle called _Canis Melitæus_, because it is a kinde of dogge accepted among gentles, Nobles, Lordes, Ladies, &c. who make much of them vouchsafeing to admit them so farre into their company that they will not onely lull them in theyr lappes, but kysse them with their lippes, and make them theyr prettie playfellowes. Such a one was _Gorgons_ litle puppie mencioned by _Theocritus_ in _Siracusis_, (43) who taking his iourney, straightly charged & commaunded his mayde to see to his Dogge as charely and warely as to his childe: To call him in alwayes that he wandred not abroade, as well as to rock the babe a sleepe, crying in the cradle. This puppitly and peasantly curre, (which some frumpingly tearme fysteing hounds) serue in a maner to no good vse except, (As we haue made former relation) to succour and strengthen quailing and quammning stomackes to bewray bawdery, and filthy abhominable leudnesse (which a litle dogge of this kinde did in _Sicilia_) As _Ælianus_ in his .7. booke of beastes and .27. chapter recordeth.

The names of such dogges as be contained in the fourth Section.

Of dogges vnder the courser kinde, wee will deale first with the shepherds dogge, whom we call the Bandogge, the Tydogge, or the Mastyue, the first name is imputed to him for seruice _Quoniam pastori famulatur_, because he is at the shepherds his masters commaundement. The seconde a _Ligamento_ of the band or chaine wherewith he is tyed, The thirde a _Sagina_, Of the fatnesse of his body.

For this kinde of dogge which is vsually tyed, is myghty, grosse, and fat fed. I know this that _Augustinus Niphus_, calleth this _Mastinus_ (which we call Mastiuus.) And that _Albertus_ writeth how the _Lyciscus_ is ingendred by a beare and a wolfe. Notwithstanding the self same Author taketh it for the most part _pro Molosso_. A dogge of such a countrey.

The names of such dogges as be contained in the fifte Section.

Of mungrels and rascalls somwhat is to be spoken. And among these, of y^e _VVappe_ or _Turnespet_, which name is made of two simple words, that is, of _Turne_, which in latine soundeth _Vertere_, and of _spete_ which is _Veru_, or _spede_, for the Englishe word inclineth closer to the Italian imitation: _Veruuersator_, Turnspet. He is called also VVaupe, of the naturall noise of (44) his voyce _VV_au, which he maketh in barcking. But for the better and the redyer sounde, the vowell, u, is chaunged into the cõsonant, p, so y^t for waupe we say wappe. And yet I wot well that _Nonius_ boroweth his _Baubari_ of the natural voyce _Bau_, as the _Græcians_ doe their #bauzein# of wau.

Now when you vnderstand this that _Saltare_ in latine signifieth _Dansare_ in Englishe. And that our dogge therevpon is called a daunser and in the latine _Saltator_, you are so farre taught as you were desirous to learne, And now suppose I, there remaineth nothing, but that your request is fully accomplished.

The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement, &c.

Thus (Friend _Gesner_) you haue, not only the kindes of our countrey dogges, but their names also, as well in latine as in Englishe, their offices, seruices, diuersities, natures, & properties, that you can demaunde no more of me in this matter. And albeit I haue not satisfied your minde peradu[en]ture (who suspectest al speede in the performaunce of your requeste employed, to be meere delayes) because I stayde the setting fourth of that vnperfect pamphlet which, fiue yeares ago, I sent to you as a priuate friende for your owne reeding, and not to be printed, and so made common, yet I hope (hauing like the beare lickt ouer my younge) I haue waded in this worke to your contentation, which delay hath made somewhat better and #deuterai phrontides#, after witte more meete to be perused.

The ende of this treatise.

FINIS.

[Decoration]

_An Alphabetical Index, declaring the_ whole discourse of this abridgement. The number importeth the Page.

_A._

Abridgement of Dogges. 1 Abstinence from lost goods. 27 Aelianus his opinion of bloodhoundes. 6 Aelianus and Aelius, opinion of the beauer. 19 Alfredus maintained iustice. 27 An example of rebellion, and the reward of the same. 26 An example of loue in a dogge. 31 Arcadian dogge. 36

_B._

Bandogges bayte the Beare and the Bull. 25 Blondus opinion of a dogge. 30 Blooddy and butcherlye curres. 32 Beauer called a water dogge. 19 Beauer wherein hee is lyke a dogge. 19 Beasts preuented of succor. 5 Bloodhoundes howe they are knowne. 5 Bloodhounds conditions in h[un]ting. ibidem Bloodhounds whence they borrowe their names. ibid. Bloodhoundes pursue without wearinesse. 6 Bloodhoundes discerne theeues from true men. 6 Bloodhoundes hunte by water and by land. ibid. Bloodhoundes when they cease from hunting. ibidem Bloodhoundes why they are kept close in the daye, and let lose in the night. ibide. Bloodhounds haue not lybertye alwayes to raunge at wyll. 7 Bloodhoundes are their maisters guides. ibid. Borders of England pestred with pylferers. ibidem Bloodhounds why they are vsed in England and Scotland. ibi. Bloodhoundes take not the water naturally. ibidem Bloodhoundes called Brache in Scottishe. ibidem Bloodhounds when they barck. 8 Butchers dogge. 28 Butchers dogge why so called. ibide.

_C._