Chapter 13

=raffermir=, to strengthen.

=raffineur=, _m._, refiner.

=ragaillardir=, to cheer up.

=rage=, _f._, craze.

=raide=, stiff, hard, unyielding.

=raideur=, _f._, stiffness, stateliness.

=raidir=, to stiffen.

=rail=, _m._, rail (_l_ pron. or liquid).

=railler=, to rail, mock at.

=raison=, _f._, reason; =avoir ----=, to be right; =avec juste ----=, rightly enough.

=raisonnable=, moderate, reasonable.

=raisonnement=, _m._, reasoning, argument.

=rajeunir=, to grow young.

=rallier=, to rally, call together.

=ramener=, to take back, escort.

=ramoneur=, _m._, chimney-sweep.

=rancune=, _f._, hatred.

=ranger=, to range, draw up.

=rapide=, rapid, quick.

=rappeler=, to recall.

=rapporter=, to produce, yield, bring in.

=rapprocher=, to bring near.

=rarement=, rarely.

=rareté=, _f._, rarity, infrequency.

=raser=, to shave.

=rassurer=, to reassure.

=rationnel, -le=, rational.

=rattraper=, to catch, overtake.

=rayonner=, to radiate.

=récalcitrant, -e=, refractory, obstinate.

=recevoir=, _irr._, to receive, admit.

=recherche=, _f._, research.

=récit=, _m._, story.

=réclamer=, to call for, demand.

=reçoit=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =recevoir=.

=récompenser=, to pay back, reward.

=réconcilier=, to reconcile; =se ----=, to become reconciled.

=reconnaître=, _irr._, to recognize.

=recrudescence=, _f._, renewal.

=reçu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =recevoir=.

=reculer=, to recoil; _p.p._, far back.

=récusable=, answerable, questionable.

=rédiger=, to draw up.

=redoubler=, to redouble.

=redoublement=, _m._, redoubling.

=redouter=, to dread.

=réduire=, _irr._, to reduce.

=refaire=, _irr._, to make over, do again.

=réfléchir=, to reflect.

=refouler=, to drive back, trample.

=refus=, _m._, refusal.

=refuser=, to refuse.

=réfuter=, to refute, answer.

=regagner=, to regain.

=regard=, _m._, look, regard.

=regarder=, to look at, observe.

=régisseur=, _m._, manager.

=régler=, to regulate, govern.

=regretter=, to regret, be sorry for, miss.

=régulièrement=, regularly.

=rehausser=, to enhance, enrich, set off.

=reine=, _f._, queen.

=reins=, _m. pl._, loins.

=rejeter=, to reject, throw back; =se ----=, to fall back.

=rejoindre=, _irr._, to rejoin.

=réjouir=, _and_ =se ----=, to rejoice.

=relais=, _m._, relay.

=relation=, _f._, relation, connection.

=reléguer=, to relegate.

=relever=, to raise up, restore, relieve; =se ----=, to rise, recover.

=relire=, to re-read.

=remarier=, to remarry; =se ----=, to marry again.

=remarquer=, to observe, notice.

=rembourser=, to pay back.

=remède=, _m._, remedy.

=remercier=, to thank.

=remettre=, _irr._, to replace, remit, give; =---- à neuf=, do over, renovate; =s'en ---- à=, to trust to.

=remise=, _f._, carriage-house.

=remonter=, to go up again.

=remords=, _m._, remorse.

=remorque=, _f._, tow; =à la ----=, in tow.

=remplacer=, to replace.

=remplir=, to fulfill.

=Renaissance=, _f._ The Renaissance or Renascence in France and Germany was that period of the sixteenth century so remarkable for the awakening of interest in classical subjects and for the revival of arts and learning.

=rencontre=, _f._, meeting, coincidence.

=rencontrer=, to meet.

=rendez-vous=, _m._, appointed meeting, meeting place; =donner ---- à=, to make an appointment with.

=rendre=, to return, pay back; =se ----=, surrender, yield, go to.

=renfermer=, to include, enclose, contain.

=rengorger (se)=, to draw oneself up.

=renoncer=, to renounce.

=renouer=, to reknot, begin again.

=rente=, _f._, income, revenue; =---- viagère=, life-annuity.

=rentrer=, to return, go home, turn back, go in, force back.

=renvoyer=, _irr._, to send back.

=repaître=, _irr._, to feed; =se ----=, to feast.

=répandre=, spread abroad; _p.p_., well-known.

=reparaître=, _irr._, reappear.

=réparer=, to repair, make up for.

=repartir=, to start back.

=répéter=, to repeat.

=repeupler=, to re-populate.

=réplique=, _f._, answer.

=répondre=, to respond, correspond, answer.

=réponse=, _f._, answer.

=reporter=, to carry back.

=repos=, _m._, repose, comfort.

=reposer=, to replace.

=repousser=, to reject.

=reprendre=, _irr._, to continue, take back, reassume, take again, catch.

=représenter=, to represent.

=reprise=, _f._, renewal, time; =à plusieurs ----s=, several times over.

=reprocher=, to reproach.

=répugnance=, _f._, hatred, dislike.

=répugner=, to dislike, be repugnant to.

=réquisition=, _f._, demand.

=rescousse=, _f._, rescue (_old for_ =recousse=).

=réseau=, _m._, network.

=réserver=, to reserve, hold back.

=résister à=, to withstand.

=résolument=, resolutely.

=résoudre=, _irr._, to resolve.

=respect=, _m._, respect (the _ct_ is silent).

=respecter=, to respect.

=respectueu -x, -se=, respectful, subservient.

=resplendir=, to be resplendent, shine.

=ressembler=, to resemble.

=ressort=, _m._, spring, resort.

=ressource=, _f._, resource.

=ressusciter=, to bring to life, arouse.

=reste=, _m._, rest, remnant; =au ----=, =du ----=, as for the rest, moreover, besides.

=rester=, to stay, remain.

=résultat=, _m._, result.

=retard=, _m._, delay.

=retardement=, _m._, delay.

=retarder=, to retard; =---- sur=, fall behind.

=retenir=, _irr._, to retain, keep back, hold up; =se ----=, to restrain oneself.

=retourner=, to return, turn, turn again; =se ----=, to turn about.

=retraite=, _f._, retreat, rest.

=retrancher=, to draw up, intrench, retrench.

=rétrécir=, to limit, narrow down.

=retrousser=, to turn up, roll up.

=retrouver=, find again; =se ----=, to meet, to be met with.

=réussir=, to succeed.

=revanche=, _f._, revenge.

=rêve=, _m._, dream.

=réveiller=, _and_ =se ----=, to wake up, awake.

=revenir=, _irr._, to return, come back.

=revenu=, _m._, income.

=rêver=, to dream, think over.

=révérence=, _f._, bow.

=rêveur=, _m._, =-se=, _f._, dreamer; _adj._, dreamy.

=revoir=, _irr._, to see again; =au ----=, farewell.

=révolter=, to revolt, upset, disturb.

=revue=, _f._, review, magazine; =gens de ----=, people who frequently meet.

=rez-de-chaussée=, _m._, ground-floor.

=riant, -e=, happy, smiling.

=riche=, sumptuous, expensive, rich.

=rideau, -x=, _m._, curtain.

=rider=, to wrinkle.

=ridicule=, _m._, ridicule, foolishness; _adj._, ridiculous, strange, curious.

=rien=, _m._, nothing; =ne ... ----=, nothing; =ne ... ---- que=, nothing but; =---- à ----=, =---- de ----=, nothing about anything.

=rigoureu -x, -se=, rigorous, severe.

=rigueur=, _f._, rigor; =tenir ----=, to be severe, refuse to yield.

=riposter=, to respond.

=rire=, _m._, laugh; sparkle.

=rire=, _irr._, to laugh; =---- de=, to laugh at.

=risque=, _m._, risk.

=robe=, _f._, dress.

=Robespierre=, Maximilien, 1758-1794. The head of the Committee of Safety, the chief power during the Reign of Terror.

=rocaille=, _f._, pebbles.

=roche=, _f._, rock, stock.

=roi=, _m._, king.

=roitelet=, _m._, wren.

=rôle=, _m._, rôle, part.

=romain, -e=, Roman.

=roman=, _m._, novel, romance.

=rompre=, to break, wear out.

=rond=, _m._, round, circle; =en ----=, in a round.

=ronde=, _f._, round; =à la ----=, round about.

=rondel -et, -ette=, round, roundish.

=rondeur=, _f._, well-roundedness.

=rose=, _adj._, pink, rose; _subst._, _f._, rose.

=rosée=, _f._, dew.

=rosier=, _m._, rose-bush.

=rotonde=, _f._, back of a stage-coach.

=roturi -er, -ère=, plebeian.

=roue=, _f._, wheel.

=rouge=, red.

=rouge-gorge, ----s- ----s=, _m._, robin redbreast.

=rougir=, to blush, redden.

=rouler=, to roll; =se ----=, to roll oneself.

=roulement=, _m._, rolling.

=route=, _f._, road, route; =---- royale=, high-road.

=rou -x, -sse=, red, auburn, sandy.

=royal, -e=, royal.

=rubicond, -e=, round-faced, rosy.

=rudement=, roughly.

=rue=, _f._, street.

=ruiner=, to ruin.

=ruisseau, -x=, _m._, brook, gutter.

=russe=, Russian.

=rustaud, -e=, rustic, boorish.

=S=

=sable=, _m._, sand.

=sacrifier=, to give up, sacrifice.

=sacristie=, _f._, sacristy.

=sage=, wise, sensible.

=saignée=, _f._, bleeding.

=saigner=, to bleed.

=saint=, _m._, =-e=, _f._, saint; _adj._, holy.

=Saint-Benoît=, St. Benedict; =rue ----=, a small street opening into the Boulevard Saint-Germain, near Saint-Germain des Prés.

=Saint-Dominique=, St. Dominic; =rue ----=, a fashionable street in the Quartier Saint-Germain, now in great part effaced by the boulevard Saint-Germain.

=Saint-Étienne=, St. Stephen, capital of the department of the Loire.

=Saint-Louis=, _see_ =Louis IX=.

=Saint-Thomas d'Aquin=, St. Thomas Aquinas. The church of this saint, situated at the heart of the faubourg Saint-Germain, is one of the most fashionable in Paris, and is particularly noted for the aristocratic marriages which take place there.

=saisir=, to seize, arrest.

=saison=, _f._, season.

=sait=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =savoir=.

=saline=, _f._, salt-pit.

=salir=, to soil, dirty.

=salon=, _m._, drawing-room, gallery.

=saluer=, to salute, bow to.

=salut=, _m._, bow; safety, salvation.

=salutaire=, salutary.

=samovar=, _m._, tea urn.

=sang=, _m._, blood.

=sanglot=, _m._, sob.

=sangsue=, _f._, leech.

=sanguin, -e=, sanguine, blood-red.

=sans=, without.

=sans que=, unless.

=santé=, _f._, health.

=satiné, -e=, glazed.

=satisfaire=, _irr._, to satisfy.

=sauf=, except.

=sauter=, to jump, leap over; =---- au cou de=, to throw one's arms about.

=sautiller=, to hop.

=sauver=, to save; =se ----=, escape.

=savamment=, skilfully.

=savant=, _m._, scholar; _adj._, wise, learned.

=savoir=, _irr._, to know, know how; =---- gré à=, to wish well to, feel kindly towards; =faire ---- à=, to inform.

=savourer=, to taste, enjoy.

=sceau=, _m._, seal.

=schelling=, _m._, shilling.

=sculpter=, to carve (_p_ silent).

=sculpteur=, _m._, sculptor (_p_ silent).

=se=, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, oneself.

=séance=, _f._, session; =---- tenante=, forthwith; without adjournment.

=sec, sèche=, dry; =à ----=, dried up.

=sécher=, to dry.

=second, -e=, second (_c_ pron. _g_).

=secouer=, to shake, shake off.

=séduire=, _irr._, to persuade, win, bear away.

=seigneur=, _m._, lord, nobleman.

=sein=, _m._, bosom, breast.

=seize=, sixteen.

=séjour=, _m._, sojourn.

=seller=, to saddle.

=semaine=, _f._, week.

=sembler=, to seem, appear.

=semer=, to sow.

=semestre=, _m._, half-year.

=sens=, _m._, sense; =sortir du bon ----=, to get out of one's head.

=sensé, -e=, wise, sensible.

=sensible=, sensitive.

=sentencieusement=, sententiously.

=sentier=, _m._, path.

=sentir=, _irr._, to feel, perceive.

=séparer=, to separate, divide.

=sept=, seven (_p_ silent).

=septante=, (old form for) seventy (_p_ pron.).

=septembre=, _m._, September (_p_ pron.).

=série=, _f._, series.

=sérieu-x, -se=, serious.

=serre=, _f._, conservatory, greenhouse; =venus en ----=, ripened in a hothouse.

=serrement=, _m._, clasping.

=serrer=, to grasp, clench, squeeze, hold close, constrain.

=serrure=, _f._, lock.

=service=, _m._, service; =rendre ----=, to do a kindness.

=servir=, _irr._, to serve, be of use, yield; =se ---- de=, to make use of.

=serviteur=, _m._, servant, serving-man.

=seuil=, _m._, sill, threshold.

=seul, -e=, only, single, alone, mere.

=seulement=, only.

=si=, _conj._, if, whether, supposing that; _adv._, so, such, yes; =---- fait=, yes, indeed.

=siamois, -e=, Siamese.

=siècle=, _m._, century.

=siéger=, to sit, have a seat.

=sien=, _m._, =sienne=, _f._, his, hers.

=sieste=, _f._, siesta, midday nap.

=sieur=, _m._, sir, one.

=signer=, to sign, make the sign of the cross; =se ----=, to cross oneself.

=signifier=, to indicate.

=simplement=, simply.

=singuli-er, -ère=, curious, singular.

=situer=, to situate, poise.

=sixième=, sixth.

=soeur=, _f._, sister.

=soi=, oneself, self, himself, herself, itself.

=soie=, _f._, silk.

=soigneusement=, carefully.

=soin=, _m._, care, oversight.

=soir=, _m._, evening.

=soirée=, _f._, evening, evening reception.

=soit=, _3rd sing. pres. subjunctive of_ =être=, so be it, all right.

=soit ... soit=, either ... or; =---- que ... ---- que=, whether ... or.

=soixante=, sixty.

=soixante-quinze=, seventy-five.

=sol=, _m._, ground.

=soldat=, _m._, soldier.

=solde=, _f._, pay; =riche de sa ----=, with the wealth of his pay.

=soleil=, _m._, sun, sunshine.

=solide=, sound, solid, firm.

=sommairement=, briefly.

=somme=, _f._, sum, amount.

=sommeil=, _m._, sleep; =avoir ----=, to be sleepy.

=son=, _m._, =sa=, _f._, =ses=, _plur._, his, her.

=songer=, to think, dream.

=sonner=, to ring, sound; _p.p. see_ =an=.

=sort=, _m._, fate, lot.

=sorte=, _f._, sort, kind.

=sortir=, _irr._, to go out, come forth; =---- de son bon sens=, to be out of his head, be mad.

=sot, -te=, stupid, foolish.

=sottise=, _f._, foolishness, stupidity.

=sou=, _m._, five centimes, one cent.

=souche=, _f._, stock.

=souci=, _m._, care.

=souffle=, _m._, breeze, breath.

=soufflet=, _m._, bellows.

=souffrance=, _f._, trouble, pain.

=souffrant, -e=, ill, indisposed.

=soufrer=, to put sulphur on.

=souhait=, _m._, wish, desire; =à ----=, all that could be wished, at will.

=souhaiter=, to wish, desire.

=soulever=, to raise up, stir up.

=soulier=, _m._, shoe, slipper.

=soumettre=, _irr._, to submit.

=soumission=, _f._, submission.

=soupçonner=, to suspect (_p_ pron.).

=soupe=, _f._, soup.

=source=, _f._, spring, source.

=sourcil=, _m._, eyebrow.

=sourciller=, to wink, raise the eyebrow.

=sourd, -e=, deaf.

=sourire=, _m._, smile.

=sourire=, _irr._, to smile.

=sous=, under, beneath, during.

=soutenir=, _irr._, to uphold, maintain; _p.p._, continuous.

=souterrain, -e=, subterranean.

=souvenir (se)=, _irr._, to remember, think of.

=souvenir=, _m._, remembrance.

=souvent=, often, frequently.

=souverain=, _m._, sovereign.

=spirituel, -le=, bright, witty.

=spontanément=, of its own accord, spontaneously.

=Staël=, Anne-Louise-Germaine Neckar, Mme. de Staël, 1766-1817. A famous French authoress through whose writings Frenchmen first learned to appreciate things outside of France.

=stimuler=, to stimulate.

=store=, _m._, window shade.

=stupéfait, -e=, stupefied, astonished.

=su, -e=, _p.p. of_ =savoir=.

=suave=, polite.

=subir=, to undergo.

=subit, -e=, sudden.

=subitement=, suddenly, all at once.

=succès=, _m._, success.

=succession=, _f._, inheritance.

=successivement=, in turn.

=sucre=, _m._, sugar.

=suffire=, _irr._, to suffice; =il suffit de=, all that is needed is.

=suit=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =suivre=.

=suite=, _f._, following, consequence; =à la ---- de=, in consequence of; =tout de ----=, immediately.

=suivant, -e=, following; _prep._, according to.

=suivre=, _irr._, to follow.

=sujet=, _m._, subject.

=sujet, -te=, subject.

=supérieur, -e=, above, superior.

=supputer=, to compute.

=suprême=, supreme, final.

=sur=, on, upon, with regard to, as to, about.

=sûr, -e=, sure, certain.

=surcharger=, to overload.

=surdité=, _f._, deafness.

=surprendre=, _irr._, to surprise; =se ----=, to catch oneself.

=surtout=, above all, especially.

=surveillance=, _f._, oversight, watching.

=surveiller=, to watch over.

=suscription=, _f._, superscription, heading, title.

=suspendre=, to suspend, hang; =voitures mieux suspendues=, carriages with better springs.

=svelte=, easy, graceful.

=T=

=tâche=, _f._, task.

=tache=, _f._, stain, spot.

=tâcher=, to try.

=tacher=, to spot, soil.

=taffetas=, _m._, taffeta silk.

=taie=, _f._, pillow-case.

=taille=, _f._, stature, figure.

=tailler=, to cut.

=tailleur=, _m._, tailor.

=taire=, _irr._, to keep silent; =se ----=, to be silent.

=tandis que=, while.

=tant=, so much; =---- que=, as much as, as long as; =---- que ... ne=, until.

=tante=, _f._, aunt.

=tantôt=, soon, in a few moments; =tantôt ... tantôt=, now ... then.

=tapage=, _m._, uproar.

=tapis=, _m._, carpet.

=tapisserie=, _f._, tapestry.

=tapissier=, _m._, upholsterer.

=tard=, late.

=tarder=, to delay, tarry; =il me tarde=, it seems a long time to me.

=tarir=, to dry up, cease to flow.

=tasse=, _f._, cup.

=teint=, _m._, complexion.

=tel, -le=, such; =un ----=, such a.

=tellement=, so much.

=témoigner=, to witness, manifest.

=tempête=, _f._, tempest.

=temps=, _m._, time, weather; =le bon ----=, the good old times; =à ----=, in time; =ces ---- derniers=, of late.

=tendre=, gentle, tender.

=tendrement=, tenderly, gently.

=tendresse=, _f._, tenderness.

=tendu, -e=, hung, draped, garnished.

=tenir=, _irr._, to have, hold; =---- à=, to think of, care for, depend upon; =---- de=, to belong to, be a part of; =---- de bonne part=, to have on good authority.

=tente=, _f._, tent.

=tenter=, to tempt, attempt, try.

=tenture=, _f._, hangings (which take the place of wall-paper).

=tenu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =tenir=.

=terminer=, to end.

=terrain=, _m._, ground, duelling-ground.

=terre=, _f._, earth, estate; =tremblement de ----=, earthquake.

=terrestre=, earthly.

=terreur=, _f._, fear.

=Terreur=, _f._, Reign of Terror. The period from March, 1793, to July, 1794, during which many suspected of being hostile to the revolutionary government were executed. No titles were recognized at this period.

=terrier=, _m._, burrow, grave.

=tête=, _f._, head; =en ---- à -----=, alone; =faire ---- à=, to head off, withstand, sustain; =donner ----=, to turn, go, give way; =faire à sa ----=, to do as one pleases.

=thé=, _m._, tea.

=Théâtre-Français=, _m._ This playhouse, situated in the Palais Royal, is the home of the _Comédie française_, the most famous theatrical company in the world, founded by Molière's troupe in 1680.

=tien=, _m._, =tienne=, _f._, thine, yours.

=tiens=, _2nd sing. imperative of_ =tenir=, here, hold on!

=tige=, _f._, stem.

=tilleul=, _m._, linden tree.

=timbre=, _m._, tone, quality; post-mark.

=timidement=, timidly.

=tint=, _3rd sing. past definite of_ =tenir=.

=tirer=, to pull, draw forth; =se ----=, to extricate oneself.

=tiroir=, _m._, drawer.

=titre=, _m._, title, heading.

=toi=, thee, thou.

=toilette=, _f._, toilette, dress.

=toit=, _m._, roof.

=Tokay=, _m._, Tokay, _cf._ vin.

=tomber=, to fall; =---- mal=, to come at a bad time.

=ton=, _m._, =ta=, _f._, =tes=, _plur._, thy, your.

=ton=, _m._, tone, air.

=tonne=, _f._, ton.

=tonnelle=, _f._, arbor.

=tordre=, to wring, twist.

=torpeur=, _f._, torpor, stupor.

=tort=, _m._, wrong, misdeed; =avoir ----=, to be wrong; =à ----=, wrongly.

=tortil=, _m._, baron's wreath.

=tôt=, soon; =au plus ----=, as soon as possible.

=toucher=, to touch.

=touffu, -e=, tufted, bushy, leafy.

=toujours=, always, ever.

=tour=, _m._, turn; =faire un ----=, take a turn, walk, stroll.

=tour=, _f._, tower.

=tourbillon=, _m._, whirl, turn.

=tourmenter=, to bother, trouble.

=tournée=, _f._, round; =en ---- de visites=, on a round of calls.

=tourner=, to turn.

=tournoi=, _m._, tourney, tournament.

=tournoyer=, to spin around.

=tournure=, _f._, form, turn, wording.

=tout, -e=, _pl._, =tous, toutes=, all, every, whole; =---- à coup=, all at once; =---- à fait=, altogether, wholly; =---- à l'heure=, presently; =---- beau=, _excl._, easy, softly; =---- de bon=, wholly; =---- d'un coup=, all at once; =du ----=, at all, not at all; =tous (les) deux=, both; =---- en=, while.

=toutefois=, just the same, notwithstanding.

=tous=, _pronoun_, all (_s_ pron.).

=tracer=, to trace.

=trahison=, _f._, betrayal, treason.

=traînard, -e=, drawling.

=traîner=, to draw, drag.

=trait=, _m._, stroke, feature, trace (of harness).

=traiter=, to treat; =se ----=, to be treated.

=tranquille=, quiet, peaceful (_ll_ not liquid).

=transformer=, to transform.

=transporter=, to transport.

=trava-il, -aux=, _m._, work, labor.

=travailler=, to work; _p.p._ overcome.

=travers=, _m._, excentricity, fault, drawback; =à ---- de=, across.

=traverse=, _f._, crossroad.

=tremblement=, _m._, trembling; =---- de terre=, earthquake.

=trembler=, to tremble.

=tremper=, to moisten, wet.

=trente=, thirty.

=trente-trois=, thirty-three.

=très=, very, exceedingly.

=trésor=, _m._, treasure.

=tressaillir=, _irr._, to tremble.

=tribun-al, -aux=, _m._, court.

=triomphalement=, in triumphal fashion.

=triomphe=, _m._, triumph.

=triste=, sad, barren, dreary.

=trois=, three.

=troisième=, third.

=tromper=, to deceive, cheat; =se ----=, to be mistaken.

=tromperie=, _f._, deceit.

=trop=, too much, too well.

=trot=, _m._, trot, gait.

=trou=, _m._, hole.

=trouble=, _m._, trouble, confusion, agitation.

=troubler=, to disturb, agitate.

=trouer=, to make holes in, pierce.

=troupeau, -x=, _m._, flock.

=trouver=, to find; =comment trouvez-vous cela=, what do you think of that; =se ----=, to be; =se ---- bien=, to be well off.

=tuer=, to kill.

=Tuileries=, _f. pl._ The palace was begun under Catharine de Medicis in 1564 and later was connected with the Louvre by galleries. It was destroyed by the Commune in 1871, except for the two pavilions at the ends. The gardens extend along the right bank of the Seine from the palace to the Place de la Concorde.

=tumultueu-x, -se=, overpowering.

=tunique=, _f._, tunic.

=tut=, _3rd sing. past definite of_ =taire=.

=tutoyer=, to thee-and-thou a person.

=tyrannie=, _f._, tyranny, domination.

=U=

=Ulysse=, Ulysses or Odysseus, king of Ithaca, and one of the most celebrated heroes of the Trojan War.

=un, -e=, a, an; one.

=uniformément=, alike, uniformly.

=unique=, only.

=uniquement=, only.

=unir=, to unite.

=user=, to use up, wear out.

=usine=, _f._, shop, factory.

=usurier=, _m._, money-lender.

=usurper=, to usurp.

=Utrecht=, a city in Holland, famous for its velvet.

=V=

=vacance=, _f._, vacancy.

=vachère=, _f._, cowherd.

=vaincre=, _irr._, to conquer.

=vainement=, in vain.

=vainquit=, _3rd sing. past definite of_ =vaincre=.

=vais, vas, va=, _sing. pres. indic. of_ =aller=.

=valoir=, _irr._, to be worth.

=valse=, _f._, waltz.

=vapeur=, _f._, steam.

=vass-al, -aux=, _m._, vassal, tenant.

=vaut=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =valoir=.

=vécu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =vivre=.

=veille=, _f._, eve, evening before.

=veiller=, to stay awake, watch.

=velours=, _m._, velvet.

=vendange=, _f._, vintage.

=vendangeur=, _m._, =-se=, _f._, grape-gatherer.

=vendre=, to sell.

=venger=, to avenge.

=venir=, _irr._, to come, arrive; =---- de=, to have just; =---- à=, to happen to; =---- en serre=, to ripen in a hothouse.

=vent=, _m._, wind, scent, knowledge; =avoir ---- de=, to get wind of.

=vente=, _f._, sale; =mettre en ----=, to put on sale.

=venu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =venir=.

=Vénus=, _f._, Venus (_s_ pron.).

=verger=, _m._, orchard.

=véridique=, veracious.

=vérité=, _f._, truth.

=Vermouth=, _m._, vermouth (a mild, bitter liqueur).

=verre=, _m._, glass.

=vers=, towards.

=vers=, _m._, verse.

=verser=, to pour out.

=vert, -e=, green, fresh, vigorous.

=vertu=, _f._, virtue, worth, power, strength.

=verve=, _f._, brightness, vivacity.

=veste=, _f._, jacket, sack-coat; =---- de travail=, working jacket.

=vestiaire=, _m._, cloak-room.

=vêtement=, _m._, vestment; _pl._, clothing.

=vêtir=, _irr._, to clothe.

=veut=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =vouloir=.

=veuvage=, _m._, widowhood, widower state.

=veuve=, _f._, widow.

=viag-er, -ère=, for life; =rente ----=, life-annuity.

=vicomte=, _m._, viscount.

=victoire=, _f._, victory.

=victorieu-x, -se=, victorious.

=vide=, empty.

=vider=, to empty.

=vie=, _f._, life; =de ma ----=, in my lifetime, as long as I live.

=vieillard=, _m._, old man.

=vieillesse=, _f._, old age.

=vieillir=, to grow old.

=vierge=, _f._, virgin.

=vieux, vieil=, _pl._, =vieux=, _m._, =vieille, -s=, _f._, old.

=vi-f, -ve=, bright, lively, quick.

=vigne=, _f._, vineyard.

=vigneron=, _m._, vine-dresser, picker.

=vigne-vierge=, _f._, virgin's bower.

=vigoureusement=, energetically.