Chapter 11

=environs=, _m. pl._, neighborhood.

=envoyer=, _irr._, to send.

=épais, -se=, thick, bushy.

=épanouir=, to spread, come to full bloom; _p.p._, wide open, in full bloom, expansive.

=épargner=, to spare, save.

=épaule=, _f._, shoulder.

=épée=, _f._, sword.

=époque=, _f._, epoch.

=épouse=, _f._, bride, wife.

=épouser=, to marry.

=épouvantable=, fearful, awful.

=épouvantail=, _m._, scarecrow.

=époux=, _m._, husband; _pl._, married people, husband and wife.

=épreuve=, _f._, proof; =à l'---- de=, proof against.

=éprouver=, to experience, feel.

=épuiser=, to exhaust, wear out.

=escalier=, _m._, stairway.

=escient=, _m._, knowledge; =à bon ----=, knowingly.

=esclave=, _m. or f._, slave.

=escorter=, to escort.

=espalier=, _m._, trellis, lattice against a wall for growing fruit.

=espérance=, _f._, hope.

=espérer=, to hope, expect.

=espoir=, _m._, hope.

=esprit=, _m._, spirit, wit, mind, sense, judgment.

=essayer=, to try, try on.

=essuyer=, to dry.

=estimable=, worthy.

=estime=, _f._, esteem, good opinion.

=estomac=, _m._, stomach (_c_ silent).

=établir=, to establish, make provision for; =s'----=, to settle oneself.

=étage=, _m._, story, floor; =second ----=, third floor.

=étalage=, _m._, display.

=étaler=, to expose, display; =s'----=, to be displayed.

=état=, _m._, state, condition.

=été=, _m._, summer.

=éteindre=, _irr._, extinguish; =s'----=, to die out.

=étendre=, to extend, expand, stretch; =s'----=, to last, reach, extend.

=étinceler=, to sparkle.

=étoffe=, _f._, stuff, material.

=étonnement=, _m._, astonishment.

=étonner=, to astonish; =s'----=, to wonder, be astonished.

=étouffer=, to choke, stifle.

=étourdiment=, foolishly, heedlessly, gaily.

=étourdir=, to terrify, dumbfound, stun.

=étourdissement=, _m._, dizziness.

=étrange=, strange, curious.

=étrang-er=, _m._, =-ère=, _f._, stranger, foreigner; _adj._, unused, unusual.

=être=, _irr._, to be; =---- de la maison=, to be one of the family; =en ---- de=, to be out for; =s'en ---- à=, to go about.

=être=, _m._, being.

=étroit, -e=, narrow, limited.

=étude=, _f._, study, office.

=étudiant=, _m._, student.

=étudier=, to study, take a course in.

=Ève=, _f._, Eve.

=éveiller=, to awaken; =s'----=, to wake up.

=événement=, _m._, event.

=évidemment=, evidently.

=éviter=, to avoid.

=exactement=, precisely, exactly.

=exagérer=, to exaggerate.

=examen=, _m._, examination.

=examiner=, to examine.

=exaspération=, _f._, exasperation.

=exaspérer=, to exasperate.

=excepté=, except.

=excès=, _m._, excess.

=excessivement=, extremely.

=exclure=, _irr._, to exclude.

=excuser=, to pardon, excuse.

=exécuter=, to perform, execute.

=exercer=, to exercise, affect, practice.

=exhaler=, to give forth; =s'----=, come forth.

=exiger=, to exact.

=exister=, to exist.

=exorde=, _m._, exordium, beginning.

=expérience=, _f._, experience, experiment.

=expliquer=, to explain.

=exploitation=, _f._, management, promoting.

=exploiter=, to make the most of a good thing, take advantage of, promote.

=exposer=, to expose.

=expressi-f, -ve=, expressive.

=exprimer=, to express, indicate.

=exquis, -e=, exquisite, charming.

=extérieur, -e=, exterior.

=extrémité=, _f._, utmost, extremity.

=F=

=fable=, _f._, fable, talk.

=fabrique=, _f._, factory.

=fabuleusement=, fabulously.

=face=, _f._, face, front, head (of a coin); =en ----=, opposite.

=fâcher=, to offend; =se ----=, to get angry.

=facile=, easy.

=façon=, _f._, fashion, manner, ceremony, formality; =de ---- à=, so as to; =sans ----=, most informally.

=factice=, imaginary, false.

=facture=, _f._, bill, invoice.

=faible=, feeble, weak.

=faiblesse=, _f._, weakness, feebleness.

=faillir=, _irr._, to fail, just miss.

=faire=, _irr._, to make, do, cause, give rise to; =---- à sa tête=, to do as one pleases; =---- bonne figure=, to appear well; =---- de la peine à=, to trouble; =---- entrer=, to show in; =---- envie à=, to excite the envy of; =---- fond sur=, to depend upon; =---- prendre=, to send for; =---- sa malle=, to pack one's trunk; =---- savoir à=, to inform; =---- tête à=, to withstand, sustain; =---- un tour=, to take a stroll; =---- venir=, to summon; =se ----=, to become, arise; =se ---- prier=, to have to be urged.

=fait=, _m._, fact, deed; =au ----=, in fact; =si ----=, yes indeed; =tout à ----=, entirely; =je lui dirai son ----=, I will settle him.

=falloir=, _irr. impersonal_, to be necessary, have to, must; =s'en ----=, to be lacking, lack.

=fallu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =falloir=.

=famili-er, -ère=, familiar, friendly, tame.

=famille=, _f._, family.

=fanatique=, _m._, fanatic.

=faner=, to fade.

=fantaisie=, _f._, fancy, whim.

=farce=, _f._, joke.

=fardeau, -x=, _m._, burden.

=farouche=, wild, savage, shy.

=fastidieu-x, -se=, tiresome, unpleasant.

=fatuité=, _f._, conceit.

=faudra=, _3rd sing. future of_ =falloir=.

=faut=, _3rd sing. pres. indic. of_ =falloir=.

=faute=, _f._, fault; =sans ----=, without fail; =---- de=, for lack of.

=fauteuil=, _m._, armchair.

=fau-x, -sse=, false.

=faveur=, _f._, favor.

=favori, -te=, favorite.

=favoriser=, to aid, favor.

=fécondité=, _f._, fruitfulness.

=fée=, _f._, fairy; =conte de ----=, fairy-tale.

=féliciter=, to congratulate.

=femme=, _f._, woman, wife.

=fer=, _m._, iron.

=fermer=, to shut, close.

=fête=, _f._, feast, birthday, party.

=Fête-Dieu=, Corpus Christi, a movable feast of the Roman Catholic Church, coming in June, eleven days after Whitsunday.

=fêter=, to feast, entertain.

=feu, -x=, _m._, fire.

=feuille=, _f._, leaf, page.

=feuilleter=, to turn over leaves.

=fiancé=, _m._, =-é=, _f._, engaged person.

=fidèle=, faithful.

=fidélité=, _f._, faithfulness, adhesion.

=fi-er, -ère=, proud, haughty.

=fièrement=, proudly.

=fierté=, _f._, pride.

=fièvre=, _f._, fever, feverishness.

=fiévreu-x, -se=, feverish.

=figure=, _f._, face, appearance; =faire bonne ----=, to appear well; =prendre ----=, to develop, grow shapely.

=figurer=, to figure, imagine.

=fil=, _m._, thread (_l_ pron.).

=fille=, _f._, daughter, girl.

=fillette=, _f._, little girl.

=filleul=, _m._, godson.

=filon=, _m._, vein.

=fils=, _m._, son (_l_ silent, _s_ pron.); =de père en ----=, from father to son.

=fin=, _f._, end.

=finement=, finely, delicately.

=finir=, to finish, end.

=Finistère=, _m._, the most western department of France, part of the old province of Brittany.

=fit=, _3rd sing. past definite of_ =faire=.

=fixer=, to arrange.

=flamme=, _f._, flame.

=flatter=, to flatter.

=flatteu-r, -se=, flattering.

=flèche=, _f._, arrow.

=fleur=, _f._, flower.

=fleurir=, to flower; _p.p._, flowery.

=fleuve=, _m._, river.

=flotter=, to float, wave.

=foi=, _f._, faith; =ma ----=, upon my honor, indeed.

=fois=, _f._, time; =à la ----=, at the same time.

=folle=, _f._, madwoman.

=fonction=, _f._, function, duty.

=fond=, _m._, depth, bottom, back; =au ----=, truly, at the bottom of one's heart; =faire ---- sur=, to depend upon; =de ---- en comble=, from top to bottom, completely.

=fonder=, to found.

=fondre=, to melt; =---- en larmes=, to burst into tears; _p.p._, shapeless.

=fonte=, _f._, melting, casting (of pig-iron, etc.).

=force=, _f._, force; =à ---- de=, by dint of, through.

=forcer=, to force.

=forêt=, _f._, forest.

=forge=, _f._, foundry, iron works.

=forger=, to forge.

=forgeron=, _m._, blacksmith, forge-director.

=former=, to form, mould.

=fort=, very much, indeed, extremely.

=fossette=, _f._, dimple.

=fou=, _m._, fool; =maudit ----=, madman.

=fou=, =fol=, _pl._ =fous=, _m._, =folle=, =-s=, _f._, foolish, mad.

=foudre=, _f._, lightning.

=foudroyant=, =-e=, terrible, overwhelming.

=fouiller=, to search, rummage.

=fouillis=, _m._, heap, jumble.

=foulard=, _m._, foulard silk.

=foule=, _f._, crowd.

=fouler=, to trample.

=fourneau=, =-x=, _m._, furnace; =haut ----=, blast furnace.

=fournisseur=, _m._, tradesman.

=fourré=, =-e=, thick, dense.

=fourrer=, to thrust, stuff.

=fourrure=, _f._, fur.

=Foy=, Maximilien-Sébastien, 1775-1825, a famous French general and statesman.

=fracas=, _m._, noise, uproar.

=fraîcheur=, _f._, freshness, cold air.

=frais, fraîche=, fresh.

=frais=, _m. pl._, costs, expenses, expenditures.

=fraise=, _f._, strawberry.

=fran-c=, =-che=, free, frank.

=franc=, _m._, franc. (The French monetary unit, equivalent to about twenty cents in U. S. currency.)

=français=, =-e=, French.

=franchement=, really, unrestrainedly.

=franchir=, to cross.

=franc-maçon=, =-ne=, freemason-like.

=franco=, free; =---- à bord=, f. o. b., free on board.

=frapper=, to strike, rap.

=frayer=, to graze, rub against.

=fredaine=, _f._, prank, frolic.

=frêle=, slender.

=frémir=, to tremble, shudder.

=fréquent=, =-e=, frequent.

=frère=, _m._, brother.

=fripon=, _m._, =-ne=, _f._, rogue.

=frisson=, _m._, shudder, shiver.

=froid=, =-e=, cold.

=froisser=, to crumple, crush, irritate, ruffle.

=froncer=, to frown.

=front=, _m._, forehead, front.

=frontière=, _f._, frontier, boundary.

=frottement=, _m._, friction, rubbing.

=frotter=, to rub; =se ---- à=, rub elbows with.

=fruitier=, _m._, orchard.

=fuir=, _irr._, to flee.

=fuite=, _f._, flight.

=fumée=, _f._, smoke.

=funérailles=, _f. pl._, funeral, obsequies.

=funeste=, sad, baleful.

=fureur=, _f._, rage; =entrer en ----=, to become enraged.

=G=

=gagner=, to gain, win, reach.

=gaillard, -e=, gay.

=galant, -e=, gallant; =un ---- homme=, a fine fellow.

=galoper=, to gallop.

=garçon=, _m._, boy, waiter; =vieux ----=, old bachelor.

=garde=, _f._, guard, care; =n'avoir ---- de=, be careful not to.

=garder=, to keep.

=garnement=, _m._, scapegrace.

=garnison=, _f._, garrison, station.

=gaspiller=, to waste.

=gâteau, -x=, _m._, cake.

=gâter=, to spoil.

=gauche=, _f._, left-hand; _adj._, awkward, left.

=gaucherie=, _f._, awkwardness.

=gendarme=, _m._, gendarme, officer of the law in the service of the state.

=gendre=, _m._, son-in-law.

=généalogique=, genealogical.

=gêner=, to hinder, embarrass.

=genou, -x=, _m._, knee.

=genre=, _m._, race, kind.

=gens=, _m. or f. pl._, people, persons; =---- de bien=, worthy people; =---- de revue=, people who frequently meet.

=gentilhomme, -s -s=, _m._, gentleman.

=geste=, _m._, gesture.

=girandole=, _f._, branched candlestick.

=gîte=, _m._, resting-place.

=glace=, _f._, ice.

=glacer=, to freeze.

=gland=, _m._, acorn.

=glisser=, to slip.

=glorieu-x, -se=, radiant, glorious.

=gloser=, to annotate, compare notes.

=glycine=, _f._, climbing vetch.

=gorge=, _f._, throat; =faire des ----s chaudes=, to ridicule.

=gourmandise=, _f._, love of good living.

=goût=, _m._, taste; =prendre ---- à=, _or_ =se mettre en ---- de=, to get a taste for.

=goutte=, _f._, drop.

=gouvernante=, _f._, governess, housekeeper.

=gouvernement=, _m._, government.

=grâce=, _f._, favor, mercy; =---- à=, thanks to.

=gracieu-x, -se=, gracious.

=grand, -e=, large, tall, chief, important; =huit ----s jours=, eight whole days.

=grandelet, -te=, tallish.

=grandir=, to grow, enlarge.

=grand-livre=, _m._, ledger.

=grand'mère=, _f._, grandmother.

=grand-père, -s -s=, _m._, grandfather.

=grappe=, _f._, bunch, cluster.

=gras, -se=, fat, rich, luxurious.

=gravement=, gravely.

=gravir=, to climb.

=gravure=, _f._, engraving.

=gré=, _m._, will, pleasure; =savoir ---- à=, to feel kindly towards.

=grec, grecque=, Greek.

=grelot=, _m._, bell.

=grès=, _m._, clay, earthenware.

=grève=, _f._, strike; =se mettre en ----=, to go on a strike.

=grignoter=, to eat, nibble.

=grille=, _f._, iron gateway _or_ fence.

=grimace=, _f._, grimace.

=grimoire=, _m._, scrawl, tangle.

=grimper=, to climb.

=grippe=, _f._, grip; =prendre en ----=, to take a dislike to.

=gronder=, to scold, chide.

=grondeu-r, -se=, fault finding.

=gros, -se=, big, fat.

=grossi-er, -ère=, coarse.

=grossièrement=, grossly.

=grotesquement=, grotesquely.

=grotte=, _f._, grotto.

=guère: ne ... ----=, scarcely.

=guérir=, to cure.

=guerre=, _f._, war.

=guetter=, to watch.

=H=

=habiller=, to dress.

=habit=, _m._, suit, coat; _pl._, clothes.

=habiter=, to dwell in, stop at.

=haine=, _f._, hatred; =prendre en ----=, to hate.

=haleine=, _f._, breath; =d'une ----=, at a stretch.

=haïr=, _irr._, to hate.

=haletant, -e=, panting, breathing fast.

=hamac=, _m._, hammock (_c_ pron.).

=hameau, -x=, _m._, hamlet.

=hardes=, _f._ _pl._, clothes, wearing apparel.

=hardiesse=, _f._, boldness.

=harmonieusement=, sweetly.

=harnois=, _m._, harness.

=hasard=, _m._, chance.

=hâte=, _f._, haste.

=hâter=, to hurry; =se ----=, to make haste.

=haut, -e=, high, tall; =de ----=, in height.

=héberger=, to entertain, shelter.

=hébéter=, to render dull, stupify.

=hectare=, _f._, hectare, 10,000 square meters (2.47 acres).

=hélas=, alas (_s_ is pron.).

=Hélène=, Helen of Troy, wife of Menelaus, carried off by Paris.

=Henri III=, Henry Third, 1551-1589; the most frivolous of the Valois kings.

=Henri IV=, Henry Fourth, 1553-1610, the most popular of the kings of France; the first of the Bourbon dynasty.

=herbe=, _f._, grass.

=hérisser=, to bristle.

=héritage=, _m._, inheritance.

=héroïque=, heroic.

=heure=, _f._, hour, time; =onze ----s=, eleven o'clock; =à la bonne ----=, well and good; =le quart d'----=, the time being, the moment.

=heureu-x, -se=, happy, light-hearted, fortunate.

=heureusement=, happily.

=hirondelle=, _f._, swallow.

=histoire=, _f._, history, story.

=hiver=, _m._, winter.

=hobereau, -x=, _m._, country squire.

=hocher=, to raise, toss.

=holà=, hello; =mettre le ----=, to put a stop to.

=homme=, _m._, man; =un brave ----=, a good man; =un galant ----=, a fine fellow.

=honneur=, _m._, honor; _pl._, titles, marks of distinction.

=honorable=, worthy, honorable, suitable.

=honte=, _f._, shame.

=horloge=, _f._, great clock.

=hormis=, except.

=hors de=, beyond, outside of, besides.

=hôte=, _m._, guest, host.

=hôtel=, _m._, private separate house, _as distinguished from_ =appartement=, flat; hotel.

=hôtelier=, _m._, hotel-keeper.

=hotte=, _f._, basket carried on back.

=houille=, _f._, coal.

=houillère=, _f._, coal-mine.

=Hozier= (1592-1660), an expert on genealogy.

=huit=, eight; =---- jours=, a week.

=humeur=, _f._, disposition, humor.

=humide=, wet, humid; =regards ----s=, tearful glances.

=humilier=, to humiliate.

=hurler=, to shout, wail.

=I=

=ici=, here, in this; =par ----=, this way.

=idée=, _f._, idea, thought.

=ignorer=, to be ignorant of.

=il=, =ils=, he, they.

=illégitime=, illegitimate.

=illuminer=, to light up.

=illustre=, famous, notable.

=imaginer=, to imagine; =s'----=, to think, imagine.

=imbécile=, _m._, fool, half-wit, simpleton.

=impatienter (s')=, to grow impatient.

=impétueu-x, -se=, impetuous.

=importer=, to be of consequence, concern; =qu'importe=, what does it matter; =n'importe=, no matter.

=imposer=, to lay upon, impose.

=imprévoyance=, _f._, lack of foresight.

=impuissance=, _f._, powerlessness, impotence.

=inassouvi, -e=, unsatisfied.

=incertain, -e=, undecided.

=incessamment=, immediately, at any moment.

=incontestablement=, incontestably.

=indépendamment=, independently.

=index=, _m._, forefinger.

=indigène=, _m. or f._, savage, native.

=indiquer=, to indicate, point out.

=inégal, -e=, unequal.

=inespéré, -e=, unlooked for, unhoped for.

=infliger=, to inflict.

=influent, -e=, influential.

=informer=, to inform, tell; =s'----=, to find out, inquire for.

=infranchissable=, insurmountable.

=ingénieur=, _m._, civil engineer.

=ingrat, -e=, ungrateful, displeasing; =l'âge ----=, the awkward age; _subst._, ingrate.

=injure=, _f._, insult.

=innocemment=, innocently.

=inonder=, to inundate.

=inqui-et, -ète=, restless.

=inquiéter=, to trouble; =s'----=, to be uneasy about, take an interest in.

=inscrire=, _irr._, to inscribe.

=insensiblement=, insensibly.

=insinuer=, to insinuate.

=inspirer=, to inspire.

=installer=, to install, put up.

=institutrice=, _f._, teacher.

=instruction=, _f._, instruction, education.

=insupportable=, unbearable.

=intempestif, -ve=, untimely.

=intendant=, _m._, steward, superintendent.

=interdire=, _irr._, to interdict; _p.p._, overcome, embarrassed.

=intéresser=, to interest, entertain.

=intérêt=, _m._, interest.

=interroger=, to question.

=intime=, intimate, homelike.

=intimider=, to intimidate.

=intolérable=, unpleasant, disagreeable.

=intraitable=, strict.

=introducteur=, _m._, introducer.

=introduire=, _m._, to introduce.

=inutile=, useless.

=Invalides.= The Hôtel des Invalides was founded in Paris in 1670 as a home for disabled and infirm soldiers.

=inventaire=, _m._, inventory.

=inventer=, to invent.

=inventeur=, _m._, inventor.

=invité=, _m._, invited guest.

=inviter=, to invite.

=irai=, _1st sing. future of_ =aller=.

=isolement=, _m._, isolation.

=italien, -ne=, Italian.

=Italiens=, _or_ =les Italiens=, the old Italian theatre in Paris, for many years the home of light opera.

=ivre=, intoxicated.

=J=

=Jacquet=, Jimmy.

=jadis=, once, formerly.

=jalousie=, _f._, lattice, blind.

=jalou-x, -se=, jealous.

=jamais=, ever; =ne ... jamais=, never.

=jardin=, _m._, garden.

=jardinier=, _m._, gardener.

=jarre=, _f._, jar.

=jasmin=, _m._, jasmine.

=jaspe=, _m._, jasper.

=jaune=, yellow.

=jaunir=, to become yellow.

=jeter=, to throw, cast, toss aside.

=jeu=, _m._, play, gambling.

=jeune=, young.

=jeunesse=, _f._, youth; =cette ----=, that young person.

=joie=, _f._, joy, pleasure, satisfaction.

=joindre=, _irr._, to join, add.

=joint=, _m._, joint, joining.

=joli, -e=, pretty, nice.

=joncher=, to strew.

=joue=, _f._, cheek.

=jouer=, to play.

=jouet=, _m._, plaything.

=joufflu, -e=, chubby.

=jouir de=, to enjoy.

=jour=, _m._, day; =au petit ----=, at dawn; =huit ----s=, a week; =quinze ----s=, a fortnight.

=journ-al, -aux=, _m._, newspaper; =journaux du jour=, daily papers; =Journal des tailleurs=, Tailor's Review.

=joyeu-x, -se=, happy, merry.

=joyeusement=, merrily.

=jucher=, to perch.

=jugement=, _m._, opinion.

=juger=, to think, esteem, judge.

=juillet=, _m._, July.

=juin=, _m._, June.

=Julie=, Julia.

=jupon=, _m._, skirt.

=jurer=, to swear, take an oath.

=jusque=, until.

=jusque-là=, until then.

=juste=, so, just, true, exactly.

=justice=, _f._, justice, law; =appeler en ----=, to sue; =en bonne ----=, of a right.

=justifier=, to justify.

=K=

=kilo=, =kilogramme=, _m._, kilogram (2.2 lbs.).

=L=

=là=, there; (_hyphenated to preceding word for emphasis_) that, there, on that side.

=la=, _pl._ =les=, _f. art._, the; _pronoun_, her, it.

=labeur=, _m._, labor.

=là-dessus=, thereon, thereupon, in addition to that, over that.

=La Fayette=, Marie-Jean-Paul-Roch-Yves-Gilbert-Motier, marquis de La Fayette, 1757-1834. The famous French general of the American Revolution and the leader of the conservative reformers before the French Revolution.

=là-haut=, up there.

=laid, -e=, ugly, hideous, ill-featured.

=laine=, _f._, wool.

=laisser=, to let, permit, allow, suffer, leave.

=lait=, _m._, milk.

=lamenter=, _and_ =se ----=, to bewail, lament.

=lancer=, to throw, cast, start off; =se ----=, to rush.

=languissant, -e=, languishing, enervated.

=lanterne=, _f._, lantern.

=lapin=, _m._, rabbit.

=laquais=, _m._, lackey, footman.

=laquelle=, =lesquelles=, _f._, which, what.

=large=, broad.

=largement=, freely, with open hand.

=larme=, _f._, tear.

=larmoyer=, to shed tears.

=larron=, _m._, thief; =---- de noblesse=, thief of a noble.

=las, -se=, weary.

=lasser=, to tire; =se ----=, to grow weary.

=laver=, to wash.

=lavis=, _m._, India-ink drawing.

=layette=, _f._, baby's wardrobe.

=le=, _pl._ =les=, _m. art._, the; _pronoun_, him, it.

=leçon=, _f._, lesson.

=lecture=, _f._, reading; =cabinet de ----=, pay reading-room.

=lég-er, -ère=, light.

=légèrement=, lightly.

=légitime=, legitimate.

=lendemain=, to-morrow; =le ----=, the next day.

=lent, -e=, slow.

=lentement=, slowly.

=lequel, -s=, _m._, which, what.

=lettre=, _f._, letter; =---- de change=, draft.

=leur=, to them; their, theirs.

=lever=, to raise; =se ----=, to rise.

=lèvre=, _f._, lip.

=liaison=, _f._, connection.

=liasse=, _f._, bundle.

=liberté=, _f._, freedom.

=libre=, free; =---- à toi de=, you are free to.

=lier=, to bind.

=lieu, -x=, _m._, place; =avoir ----=, to take place; =avoir ---- de=, to have occasion to; =au ---- de=, in place of.

=lieue=, _f._, league, 3 miles.

=ligne=, _f._, line, direction.

=limite=, _f._, limit, bounds.

=limpide=, clear.

=liqueur=, _f._, liquor.

=lire=, _irr._, to read.

=lisière=, _f._, border, edge.

=liste=, _f._, list.

=lit=, _m._, bed; =---- de camp=, camp-bed, cot.

=liteau, -x=, m., stripe.

=livre=, _m._, book; =---- d'or=, golden record.

=livre=, _f._, livre, franc, pound.

=livrée=, _f._, livery.

=livrer=, to deliver, give up, leave.

=locataire=, _f._, lodger, tenant.

=loger=, to lodge, house.

=logis=, _m._, dwelling.

=loi=, _f._, law.

=loin=, far.

=lointain, -e=, far.

=Loire=, _f._, a department of central France.

=loisir=, _m._, leisure.

=long, -ue=, long; =le ---- de=, along.

=longtemps=, a long time.

=longuement=, long.

=lorgner=, to ogle.

=lorrain, -e=, of Lorraine.

=Lorraine=, _f._, one of the old provinces of France on the eastern border; since 1871 half of it has belonged to the German Empire.

=lorsque=, when.

=louange=, _f._, praise.

=louer=, to praise.

=louis=, _m._, louis (twenty-franc gold-piece).

=Louis IX=, born 1215, called Saint Louis, king of France 1226-1270.

=Louis XV=, born 1710, king of France 1715-1774, the great-grandson of Louis Fourteenth, and grandfather of Louis Sixteenth, Louis Eighteenth, and Charles Tenth.

=Louis XVI=, born 1754, guillotined 1793, grandson of Louis Fifteenth, reigned 1774-1792.

=Louis XVIII=, 1755-1824, brother of Louis Sixteenth. He assumed the title of King of France in 1795, but did not begin to reign until 1814.

=loup=, _m._, wolf.

=lourd, -e=, heavy.

=Louvre=, _m._ The chief palace of the kings of France from the thirteenth century until Louis Fourteenth built Versailles. The present edifice, on the right bank of the Seine, was begun by Francis First in 1541, and has been added to by almost all of the succeeding rulers. The art collections were first placed there in 1793.

=lu, -e=, _p.p. of_ =lire=.

=Lucette=, _diminutive for_ =Lucile=.

=lugubre=, lugubrious.

=lui=, he, him; to him, to her.

=luire=, _irr._, to shine, gleam.

=lumière=, _f._, light.

=lune=, _f._, moon; =---- de miel=, honeymoon.

=lunette=, _f._, lens; _pl._, spectacles.

=lustre=, _m._, chandelier.

=lustrer=, to wax.

=lutte=, _f._, strife.

=luxe=, _m._, luxury, elegance.

=Luxembourg=, _m._, the palace, with its fine garden, dates from 1615-1620; it stands near the heart of the Latin Quarter. The palace is now famous for its splendid collection of modern paintings and sculpture and also as the home of the French Senate.

=M=

=madame=, _f._, madam; =Mme=, Mrs.

=mademoiselle=, _f._, miss; =Mlle=, Miss.

=magasin=, _m._, shop, store.

=magnifique=, splendid, magnificent.

=magot=, _m._, ape-faced creature.

=Mahomet=, Mohammed, 570-632.

=mai=, _m._, May.

=maigre=, thin.

=maigreur=, _f._, thinness.

=main=, _f._, hand.

=maintenant=, now.

=maintenir=, _irr._, to maintain.

=mairie=, _f._, town-hall, mayor's office.

=mais=, but; (_introductory_) why.

=maison=, _f._, house; =être de la ----=, to be one of the family.

=maître=, _f._, master; =---- de forges=, iron-master.

=maître-autel=, _m._, high-altar.

=maîtresse=, _f._, mistress.

=majesté=, _f._, majesty; =Sa ----=, =S. M.=, His Majesty.

=majestueu-x, -se=, imposing, majestic.