Part 5

=e= and (_before initial_ =i= _or_ =hi=) =echar= throw; begin; =--de menos= miss; =--la campana al vuelo= ring the bell furiously; =--se= throw one self down, lie down la =edad= age; =tiene mucha=--is advanced in age =educar= educate, bring up, develop =efectivamente= really, in fact =ejecutar= execute, carry out; =--se= be executed el =ejemplar= copy =ejercer= perform, exercise el =ejercicio= exercise el =ejército= army =el, la, lo, los, las= the; =el= (=la=, _etc_.,) =de= that of, the one of; =el= (=la=, _etc_.) =que= he (she, _etc_.) who, the one who; =al (=a + el) que= to the one who _or_ whom; =al= (+ _inf_.) on, in (+ _pres. part_.); =lo que= that which =él, ella, ello= he, it; she, it; it; =le, la, lo= him, it, you; her, it, you; him, it, you; =le= to him, her, it, you; =ellos, ellas= they; =los, las= them, you; =les= to them, you; _(after a preposition)_ =él= him, it; =ella= her, it; =ello= it; =ellos, ellas=, them =elevado,-a= high =elevar= elévate, raise =ella, ellos, ellas, ello=: _see_ =él= =embargo: sin=--nevertheless la =emboscada= ambuscade, ambush =empapado,-a= drenched, soaked =emplear= employ =empolvado,-a= dusty, covered with dust =emprender= undertake, begin; =--a galope= start on a gallop =empujar= push, push open, shove =en= in, on, into, at, to, within =encaminarse= start on one's way; =debe--a= should be directed toward =encapotarse= cloud over =encendido,-a= burning, hot, red _(with heat)_, flushed =encerrar (ie)= inclose; =se encierra= is contained, inclosed la =enciclopedia= encyclopedia =encima (de)= on, upon; on top (of); =de--de= from; =por--de= above, over la =encina= oak _(the so-called evergreen oak)_ =enclavado,-a= nailed, rooted =encomendarse (ie)= commend oneself =encontrar (ue)= meet, find; =--se= be, feel =encubierto= _irr. past part. of_ =encubrir= =encubrir (de)= cover (with) el =encuentro= meeting el =enemigo=, la =--a= enemy; =soy--de= I dislike to la =enfermedad= illness, disease =enjuto,-a= dry =enmarañar= tangle, dishevel =enorme= enormous =enrojecido,-a= reddened =ensanchar= broaden =ensayar=(=se=) rehearse; =como si se hubieran ensayado= as if they had rehearsed it =enseñar= teach, show; =--se= be taught =entender (ie)= understand; =--se= understand each other, have an understanding, come to an agreement =enterar(se) (de)= inform, acquaint (oneself) (with), find out la =entonación= tone, accent =entonces= then =entornado,-a= closed but not fastened, slightly ajar la =entrada= entrance =entrar (en)= enter; bring, take; =--se (en)= enter, go (into) =entre= between, among, in el =entrecejo= space between the eyebrows =entregado,-a= given over, given up;--=a= engaged in, busied with =entregar= deliver, hand (over) =envainar= sheathe la =época= epoch, time =era= _imp. ind. of_ =ser= =eres= _pres. ind., 2d pers. sing., of_ =ser= =erguido,-a= erect =erizado,-a= bristling, standing on end =es=: _see_ =ser= =escaparse= escape =escarbar= scratch, dig =esconderse= hide; =fué a=--went to hide, hid la =escopeta= gun; =--de dos cañones= double-barreled gun; =se puso la--a la cara= (_he put the gun to his cheek =_) he aimed =escuchar= listen (to) =ese,-a,-os,-as= _adj_. that, those; =ése,-a,-os,-as, eso= _pron_. that (one), those; =eso es= that's it; =eso de= all this about el =esfuerzo= effort la =esgrima= fencing =espacioso,-a= spacious la =espalda= back; =de--s= backwards; =estar de--s= have one's back turned; =a la=--behind one's back =espantar= terrify el =espanto= terror =espantoso,-a= frightful, terrible el =espejo= looking-glass =esperar= hope, wait for, expect, await; meet el =espesar= thicket =espeso,-a= heavy, thick, dense =esquivar:--el cuerpo= dodge la =estampa= stamp; appearance =estar= be =este,-a,-os,-as= _adj_. this, these; =éste,-a,-os, -as, esto= _pron_. this (one), these, those; the latter la =estima= esteem; =tener en gran=--esteem highly =estornudar= sneeze =estoy, estás,= _etc., pres. ind. of_ =estar= =estrechar= press; =le iba estrechando= was closing in upon him =estrellarse= break, dash (=sobre= against) el =estremecimiento= trembling, shudder =estrepitoso,-a= noisy, loud el =estropajo= brush =eterno,-a= eternal, ceaseless =exclamar= exclaim, shout la =exhalación= exhalation, flash =exhalar= exhale, breathe; utter, give vent to; =--se= be given off el =expedicionario= member of an expedition la =explicación= explanation =extender (ie)= extend, hold out; =--se= spread el =exterminio= extermination =extrañar= wonder (at); seem strange, surprise =extremado,-a= excessive, great el =extremo= end, extreme

=F=

=fácil= easy la =facha= appearance la =falta= lack, wrong, fault; =hacer---(a)= be needed (by); =que buena--le hace= because it needs it very much =faltar= lack, be lacking, fail; =le faltan las fuerzas= he lacks strength la =familia= family =famoso,-a= famous la =fatiga= fatigue =fatigado,-a= fatigued, worn out =fatigar= tire, overwork =fatigoso,-a= fatiguing; =de un modo=--with great difficulty la =fe= faith =feliz= happy =femenino,-a= feminine =feo,-a= ugly, homely =fiarse (de)= trust la =fiera= wild beast =fijamente= fixedly =fijar= fix el =fin= end; =al--, en--, por=--finally, after all, in short; well _(impatiently)_ =la fineza= favor, kindness; =procuraré=... I shall try to give you a choice morsel =firme= firm; ¡=--=! steady! =firmemente= firmly =físico,-a= physical =flaco,-a= thin, lean =flaquear= give way _(as one's legs)_; grow weak _or_thin el =fondo= bottom, depth el =forastero= stranger; _adj_. strange =formar= form, make =formular= formulate, give (_a groan or whine, etc._) la =fortuna= fortune, good fortune; =por=--fortunately =Fortuna= _prop. noun_ el =fósforo= _(phosphorus)_ match _(which is poisonous)_ la =frase= phrase, saying el =fray =fraile= friar, brother; =--Luís de León= _a great Spanish poet_, 1528-1591 =frecuente= frequent la =frente= brow, forehead; =con la--alta= with his head high; _m_. front; =de=--in front el =fresno= ash _(tree)_ =fruncir:--el entrecejo= frown, knit one's brows =fué=: _see_ =fuí= el =fuego= fire; =hacer--(a)= fire (at), shoot la =fuente= spring, fountain; platter =fuera= _imp. subj. of_ =ser= _and_ =ir= =fuerte= strong, vigorous, loud la =fuerza= force, strength, power; =--s= strength; =con=--with all (one's) might; =por=--of course; =a--de= by dint of; =con más=--louder; =con gran=--hard =fuí, fuiste, fué=, _etc., pret. of_ =ir= _and_ =ser=; =fueron saliendo= came out of la =función= function, duty =funesto,-a= sad, fatal la =furia= fury, rage; =con=--furiously =furioso,-a= furious; =se abalanzó=--threw himself furiously

=G=

el =galope= gallop la =gana= _or_ las =--s= desire; =de buena=--gladly, willingly; =se les pasaban grandes--de saber= were very anxious to know; =tener--de= wish la =garganta= throat el =garrote= heavy, stick, club =gatas: a=--on all fours el =gemido= groan, whine =gemir (i)= groan, moan, whine =general= general =generalmente= generally, usually la =gente= people la =gimnasia= gymnastics; =hacer la=--practise athletics; =ejercicios de la=--gymnastic exercises el =gimnasio= gymnasium =girar= revolve, whirl el =gobierno=: _see_ =ama= la =golondrina= swallow =Golondrina= _nickname_ la =golosina= tidbit, choice morsel el =golpe= blow, knock, beating; =de=--with a bang =golpear= beat, strike la =gota= drop; =--a=--drop by drop el =gozo= joy =gracias= I thank you, thanks; =--a Dios= Heaven be thanked, thank God =gran=: _see_ =grande= =gran(de)= large, great; =--s ruegos= earnest supplications la =gratitud= gratitude =grave= grave, serious; ill la =Grecia= Greece =gritar= shout; =le gritó= shouted at him el =grito= shouting, scream, cry, shriek; =dar--s= shout; =a voz en=--at the top of his voice el =gruñido= growl; =lanzando un=--growling =gruñir= growl; =--sordamente= give a low growl el =grupo= group el =guarda= guard, keeper la =guardesa= keeper, keeper's wife el _or_ la =guardia= guard; =la--civil= (rural) police; =el--civil= (rural) policeman la =guerra= war

=H=

=ha= _pres. ind., 3d pers. sing., of_ =haber= =haber= have; be there, there...be, be; =hay (había)= there is (was), there are (were); ¿=qué hay=? what is the matter? well? =--de= be to; ¿=qué ha de tener=? what can (he) have? =hay que= we must; =no hay que= there is no need of; =no habrá tenido nunca= has never had la =habilidad= ability, accomplishment la =habitación= room, dwelling =hablar= speak, talk =habré,-ás,-á,= _etc., fut. ind. of_ =haber= =habría,-ías,= _etc., cond. of_ =haber; habría sido perro....= he must have been a dog.... =hacer= make, do; =--fuego= fire; =hace dos años= two years ago; =hace más de veinticuatro horas que= for more than twenty-four hours; ¿=qué hacemos (de)=? what are we to do (with)? =hacia= towards =haga= _pres. subj. of_ =hacer= =hallar= find; =--se= be, find oneself el =hambre= _f_. hunger el =harapo= rag =haré,-ás,-á,= _etc., fut. ind. of_ =hacer= =haría,-ías,= _etc., cond. of_ =hacer= =hasta= until, as far as, even; =--que= until =hay=: _see_ =haber= =haya= _pres. subj. of_ =haber= =haz= _imper., 2d pers. sing., of_ =hacer= la =hazaña= achievement, deed; =vaya una=--well! this is a brave deed =he, has, ha=, _etc., pres. ind. of_ =haber= =hecho= _irr. past part. of_ =hacer= =hemos= _pres. ind., 1st pers. pl., of_ =haber= la =herida= wound =herir (ie)= strike, wound; =--se los unos a los otros= hit one another =hermoso,-a= fine, beautiful =hice, hiciste, hizo=, _etc., pret. of_ =hacer= el =hierro= iron; =de=--iron =higiénico,-a= hygienic, wholesome el =hijo=, la =---a= son, daughter; =--mío= my son =hizo= _pret., 3d pers. sing., of_ =hacer= el =hocico= mouth (_of an animal_), muzzle la =hoja= leaf el =hombre= man la =hora= hour; =a estas--s= now la =horda= horde =horizontalmente= horizontally la =horquilla= pitchfork el =horror= horror =hospitalario,-a= hospitable; =tan poco=--not at all hospitable =hostil= hostile =hoy= to-day la =hoz= sickle, scythe =hubiera,-as,= _etc., imp. subj. of_ =haber= la =huella= trace, track el =hueso= bone; =hasta los--s= to the skin el =huésped,= la--=a= guest =huir= flee, run away =humedecer= moisten =húmedo,-a= damp, humid el =humor= humor =huya,-as,= _etc., pres. subj. of_ =huir=

=I=

=iba,-as=, _etc., imp. ind. of_ =ir= =ido= _past. part. of_ =ir= la =iglesia= church =igual= equal, the same; indifferent; =el arma es=--the weapon does not matter; =por=--equally el =ijar= flank, side =iluminar= light up =ilustrado,-a= illustrious =imitar= imitate la =impaciencia= impatience =impacientarse= grow impatient =impaciente= impatient; =ya me tienes=--you make me impatient, hold me in suspense =imperceptible= imperceptible =importar= be important; ¿=qué importa=? what does it matter? =importuno,-a= importunate, unwelcome =imposible= impossible =impulsar= impel, drive =inclinarse= stoop, bend down, bow =inconsolable= inconsolable =incorporarse= sit up _(on a couch or in bed, etc.)_ =increíble= incredible =indeciso,-a= undecided =indicar= indicate =indignado,-a= indignant (=ante= at) =indudablemente= doubtless el =indulto= pardon, indulgence, leniency =infame= infamous, wretched, vile; el _or_ la =infame=, infamous person, wretch el =ingeniero= engineer; =carrera de=--course in engineering =inhospitalario,-a= inhospitable =inmediato,-a= near, next, neighboring =inmensamente= immensely; =abrió--los ojos= opened his eyes wide =inmenso,-a= immense, great la =inscripción= inscription el =instante= instant, moment; =al=--instantly; =por--s= steadily, from moment to moment el =instinto= instinct =instructivo,-a= instructive =insufrible= unbearable la=inteligencia= mind, intelligence =inteligente= intelligent la =intención= intention el =interés= interest =interesante= interesting el =interior: allá en su=--to himself, herself, themselves =interminable= endless =internarse= plunge, enter, penetrate =interno,-a= inner, internal =interrumpir= interrupt; =no interrumpido,-a= uninterrupted =intimidar= intimidate =íntimo,-a= intimate =introducir= introduce, put into =introduje,-iste,-o,= _etc., pret. of_ =introducir= =inútil= useless, in vain =invadir= invade =ir= go, walk, be; =--a pie= walk; =va allá= I am coming; =vámonos, vamos (andando)= let us go; ¡=vamos=! come! =vamos a ver= let us see, tell me; =iban vestidos= were dressed; =--se= go (away); ¡=vaya=! (_pres. subj. of_ =ir=) go! come! well! indeed! good for...! ¡=vaya una...= that's a fine...! =que vaya= let (him) go =izquierdo,-a= left; =a--a=, =a la--a=, =por la--a= on _or_ to the left (hand)

=J=

el =jabón= soap la =jaca= pony =jamás= ever; =no...=--never el =jardín= garden el =jardinero= gardener el =jefe= chief, leader el =jirón= rag, tatter, shred =Job= _prop. noun_; =el libro de=--the Book of Job (_in the Old Testament_) la =jofaina= basin =joven= young =Juanita= (_dim. of_ =Juana=) Jennie =Juanito= (_dim. of_ =Juan=) Johnnie =jugar (ue)= play =julio= July =juntar= join, bring together, clasp =junto,-a= near (to), close (to) =jurar= swear =justo,-a= just, right; precisely; =el--o= just man

=L=

=la, las=: _see_ =él= _and_ =el= la =ladera= slope; =a media=--halfway up (_or_ down) the slope el =lado= side; =al--de= beside, with; =por ese=--in that direction =ladrar= bark el =ladrido= bark, barking la =lágrima= tear la =lamentación= lamentation el =lamento= lamentation, wailing =lamer= lick =lanzar= hurl, give (forth), utter; =--se a la carrera= rush =largo,-a= long la =lástima= pity; ¡=qué--=! what a pity! =es=--it's too bad, it's a pity =latir= beat, throb =lavar= wash =le=: _see_ =él= =leal= loyal el =lector= reader la =lectura= reading el =lecho= couch, bed =leer= read =leído= _past part. of_ =leer= =lejano,-a= in the distance =lejos= far, far away, distant; =a lo=--in the distance; =desde=--from a distance la =lengua= tongue el =lenguaje= language la =letra= letter _(of the alphabet)_; =al pie de la=--literally, exactly =levantar= raise, lift; =--se= rise, arise =leve= slight, light, not serious =librar= free, save, deliver; =--se= free oneself el =libro= book el =lienzo= linen, duck la =ligereza= swiftness; =con=--quickly, nimbly =ligerísimo,-a= very light =ligero,-a= light, slight, thin =limpiar= clean, wipe (off); =--el polvo a= dust la =línea= line la =linterna= lantern =lo, los=: _see_ =él= _and_ =el= el =lobo= wolf =loco,-a= mad; =volver=--drive mad; =le había vuelto=--had driven him mad el =lodo= mud =lograr= succeed (in), obtain el =lomo= back (_of a quadruped_) la =lona= canvas =luego= then, soon, immediately la =luna= moon la =luz= light

=Ll=

=llamar= call, send for; =--se= be called; ¿=cómo se llamará=? what can his name be? =llegar= arrive, reach; =--a= arrive at, come to, go so far as to =lleno,-a= full; =--de= filled with =llevar= take, bring, carry; cause; have _(hours of walking, etc.)_ =llorar= weep =llover (ue)= rain la =lluvia= rain

=M=

=Macario= _prop. noun_ la =madera= wood; =de=--wooden la =madre= mother =mal= _adj_.: _see_ =malo= =mal= _adv_. badly =maldito,-a= (_ irr. past part. of_ =maldecir=) cursed el =malhechor=, la =--a= evil-doer, criminal =mal(o),--a= evil, bad; sick, ill; =a malas= unwillingly =mandar= send, order; ¿=qué manda usted=? what do you command _or_ wish? la =manifestación= manifestation la =mano= hand; forefoot _(of a dog)_; =a=--at hand el =manto= mantle, cloak la =mañana= morning; =por la=--in the morning el =mar= sea la =marcha= trip, journey, march, walking, course; ¡=en--=! be off! march on! el =marido= husband =más= more, any more; most =matar= kill =mayor= greater, greatest el =mayordomo= steward =me= me, to me; myself la =mecedora= rocking-chair, rocker el =médico= physician, doctor =medio,-a= half el =medio= middle; way, means; =en=--in the middle el =mediodía= midday =medroso,-a= timid, filled with fear =mejor= better, best la =membrana= membrane el mendigo, la =--a= beggar =menor= less, least; slighter, slightest =menos= minus, less; without, except; =al=--, =por lo--= at least; =nada--que= none other than; =echar de=--miss; =poco--que= almost el =mes= month; =a los...meses de...= months after la =meseta= table-land =meter= put, place; =estarse metido en casa= be shut up in the house; =--se por= slip through el =método= method el =metro= meter (_3 feet and 3-3/8 inches_) =mi= _pron_. me; =mi(s)= _adj_. my el =miedo= fear; =tener--(a)= be afraid (of); =a lo que tengo=--what I fear; =dar=--frighten =mientras (que)= while, as long as; =--tanto= in the meanwhile =mil= (one) thousand; =--gracias= many thanks el =minuto= minute =mío,-a= (el, =la=) mine, my la =mirada= look; eyes =mirar= look (at); =mira= look here; =se miraba= was looked upon; =---se= look at each other =miserable= miserable, wretched; _noun_ wretch la =miseria= misery, wretchedness, suffering =misericordioso,-a= merciful =mismo,-a= same, self; =lo=--the same thing, alike; =lo--(que)= the same (as), just like la =mitad= half; =por la=--in two la =mocedad= youth; _pl_. days of one's youth el =modo= way, manner; =de todos--s= at all events; =de un=--in a way; =de un--violento= violently la =molestia= trouble el =momento= moment; ¡=al--=! in a moment! immediately; =en estos--s= at this time la =montaña= mountain =montar (en)= mount, ride el =monte= wooded hill(s), woods; =cuchillo de=--hunting knife la =moral= morality, morals la =mordaza= gag; =ponerle una=--put a gag in his (her) mouth, gag =morir(ue)= die; =--se= be dying; ¿=si se habrá muerto=? can he be dead? =mover (ue)= move, wag; =--se= move, move about, stir el =movimiento= movement, motion el =muchacho=, la =--a= boy, girl la =muchedumbre= multitude, crowd =mucho,-a= much, a great deal (of); =--s= many; _adv_. much, very much, very el =mueble= piece of furniture; _pl_. furniture la =mueca= grimace; =hacer--s= make faces la =muerte= death; =dar la=--kill =muerto= _irr. past part of_ =morir= =el muerto=, la =--a= dead man, dead woman; _adj_. dead =la mujer= woman, wife, my dear (_as a vocative_) el =mundo= world; =en el=--in this world; =todo el=--everybody =murmurar= murmur, grumble el =músculo= muscle la =música= music =muy= very

=N=

el =nacimiento= birth =nada= nothing; not at all, by no means; =no...=--not...anything, not...at all; =no sabía=--I did not know (anything) =nadie= no one, nobody; (_after a neg._) any one la =naturaleza= nature =negro,-a= black =nervioso,-a= nervous, vigorous =ni= neither, nor, not even; =--siquiera= not even el =nieto=, la =--a= grandson, granddaughter la =nieve= snow =ningún= _or_ =ninguno,-a= none, not any, no; =--más= not another one el =niño,= la =--a= (little) boy, girl, child =no= no, not =noble= noble =nocturno,-a= nightly; =servicio--de carretera= night duty on the public road la =noche= night, evening; =esta=--to-night; =era de=--it was night la =nodriza= nurse el =nombre= name =nos= us, ourselves, each other =nosotros,--as= we; us la =noticia= notice, news la =nube= cloud =nuestro,-a=, our =nuevo,-a=, new; =de=--again, once more =nunca= never, ever

=O=

=o= or; =o...o= either...or =obedecer= obey el =objeto= object, purpose =obscurecer= darken, grow dark =observar= observe, watch el =ocaso= setting _(of the sun)_, west =ocultar= hide, conceal =ocupado,-a,= busy =ocupar= occupy; =que nos ocupa = que ocupa nuestra atención= =ocurrir(se)= occur, happen; =lo ocurrido= what has (had) happened; =se le ocurre a alguno= it occurs to some one =ocho= eight =oficiar= report officially, give official notice el =oficio= business, trade, duty =ofrecer= offer =oído= _past part. of_ =oír= el =oído= ear, hearing =oigo, oyes=, _etc., pres. ind. of_ =oír= =oír= hear, listen; =--se= be heard; =se oye, óyese= is heard; ¡=oye=! ¡=oiga usted=! listen! el =ojo= eye; ¡=--=! look out! attention! la =ola= wave el =óleo= oil; =al=--in oil =olfatear= smell, scent el =olfato= sense of smell =oponer= oppose; =--se (a)= oppose, be opposed (to) =opuse,-iste,-o,= _etc., pret. of_ =oponer= la =oreja= ear el =órgano= organ el =origen= origin la =orilla= bank (_of a stream_), shore =os= you, to you =otro,-a= other, another, different; =otros cuatro= four more =oye= _pres. ind., 3d pers. sing., of_ =oír; óyese= = =se oye= =oyó, oyeron= _pret., 3d pers., of_ =oír=

=P=