# Don Francisco de Quevedo: Drama en Cuatro Actos

## Part 10

Book page: https://www.cyberlibrary.org/es/books/don-francisco-de-quevedo-drama-en-cuatro-actos-19847/index.md

=707.= =Y con su propia sangre=: cf. Historical Introduction.

=765.= =van ya muchos años=: Villamediana was murdered in 1622.

=782.= =el príncipe heredero=: Don Balthasar Carlos received a separate establishment in 1643. A boy of rare promise, his early death in 1646 was a serious blow to the hopes of Philip and of the Spanish people.

=793-800.= It was customary for members of the nobility to have lodgings in the palace, especially those who enjoyed honorary positions as personal servants to the sovereign. In this passage no particular significance attaches to the names mentioned other than that their hostility to Olivares was the cause of their removal. For this episode cf. Historical Introduction.

=926.= =letrilla=: a letrilla is usually divided into strophes at the end of each of which the central thought of the whole composition is repeated as a refrain. This form was effectively used by Quevedo as a vehicle for satire.

=928.= =al buen entendedor=: the whole proverb is "Al buen entendedor, pocas palabras," or "A buen entendedor, breve hablador." The English equivalent is "A word to the wise is sufficient."

=944.= It should be recalled that Quevedo, Act I, Scene XIII, had picked up by mistake Medina's cloak instead of his own.

=1070.= Grana calls attention to the cross of St. James and congratulates Quevedo on receiving it.

=1277-1292.= As the stage direction explains, Sanz has cleverly taken eight lines from Quevedo's sonnet _A Una Nariz_, and introduced asides to Olivares. The sonnet continues:

Érase un espolón de una galera, érase un pirámide de Egipto, las doce tribus de narices era. Érase un naricísimo infinito, muchísima nariz, nariz tan fiera, que en la cara de Anás fuera delito.

=1281.= =una nariz sayón y escriba=: the two nouns =sayón= ('executioner') and =escriba= ('scribe,' 'notary') used as adjectives convey the idea that this nose was a sharp one, even a deadly one. The notary with his affidavits was as much to be dreaded as the executioner himself.

=1291.= =Ovidio Nasón más narizado=: the allusion is to the Latin poet Publius Ovidius Naso; the pun is on the word =Nasón= (Naso); _naso_ in Latin = =narizado=.

=1445-1468.= Cf. Historical Introduction.

=1552.= =Esthin=: Hesdin, a fortified town near the English Channel, in Artois; taken by the French in 1639.--=Wiranzan=: probably Besançon in Franche-Comté.--=Dola=: Dôle, a fortified town, capital of Franche-Comté till 1648.

=1553.= =Islas Terceras=: the name given to the central group of the Azores; it may apply as well to the entire archipelago. Portuguese territory until 1582, it passed with Portugal to the control of Spain and was not restored to Portugal until the mother country regained her independence.

=1554.= =el Ducado de Borgoña=: an error; the _duchy_ of Burgundy, west of the river Saône, had not been a Spanish possession. It was the _county_ of Burgundy, east of the Saône, better known in English as Franche-Comté, that came to the Spanish crown from the house of Austria. It was largely occupied by the French about 1643, though it was restored to Spain at the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and did not become permanently a part of France till thirty years later.

=1555.= =el Brasil=: Brazil was a Portuguese possession until 1822. In 1630-1644 the Dutch occupied the northern provinces almost down to the capital, Bahia.--=el Rosellón=: Roussillon, north of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, was formerly a dependency of the crown of Aragon. Louis XIII began its conquest in 1639 and concluded it in 1642.

=1556.= =Ormuz=: a Portuguese trading station on the East India route until 1622, when it was captured and destroyed by the Persians and English. It was on the strait of the same name, which connects the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.--=Pernambuco=: a Brazilian state whose colonization dates from the second decade of the sixteenth century. The Dutch seized it in 1630 and held it till 1654.--=Hoa=: for Goa, a Portuguese trading station in India.

=1559.= =Braganza=: the house of Braganza was founded by John I of Portugal in the person of his illegitimate son Alfonso. The dukes of Braganza played important rôles in the history of Portugal during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Tedosio II served Philip II faithfully as long as Portugal was a Spanish dependency. In 1630 his son John II succeeded him, and in 1640 was proclaimed king of Portugal as John IV.

=1560.= =Villaviciosa=: Villa Viçosa, a city of Portugal about twenty miles from Elvas. It is famous for its connection with the house of Braganza.

=1587.= =las Salinas=: I am unable to identify this place.

=1615-1616.= Mars and Bellona, the god and goddess of war in Latin mythology. Margarita and Quevedo are leading the attack on Olivares. While Quevedo is absent Margarita is idle.

=1685.= =Éranse etc.=: the stereotyped manner of beginning a story. It has the same touch of quaintness as the English "once upon a time there was," etc.

=1837.= =tarantela=: the tarantella is a Neapolitan dance, particularly animated and spirited. The sense of the passage is that Quevedo watches his fellow mortals rush feverishly hither and thither with great stir of activity, but accomplishing nothing of value.

=1838.= This name originally was applied to a German dancing mania. Sanz uses it in its modern sense of a disease whose most conspicuous symptom is interference with the control of the muscles.

=1882.= This line is faulty; two syllables are lacking.

=1908.= Quevedo is even more famous for his satirical =romances= (_ballads_) than for his letrillas and sonnets.

=1926-1929.= Margarita here probably alludes to Quevedo's _Poesías Morales_, "esto es que descubren y manifiestan las pasiones y costumbres del hombre, procurándolas enmendar."

=1938-1941.= These lines are taken from the first strophe of Quevedo's "Elogio al Duque de Lerma, Canción Pindárica."

=1977.= Sicily was at this time still ruled by a Spanish viceroy.

=1979.= Palermo, a city on the north coast of Sicily, formerly the capital of the kingdom of Sicily and now the capital of the province of Palermo.

=1989-1990.= These lines are taken from one of Quevedo's cold and highly artificial love sonnets, "Musa" IV, VII.

=2030.= =ese altivo Girón=: cf. Historical Introduction.

=2036-2043.= Sanz quotes the two quatrains of Quevedo's sonnet "Memoria inmortal de Don Pedro Girón, Duque de Osuna, muerto en la prisión." The concluding tercets are inferior to the quatrains.

=2048.= =los Guzmanes en Tarifa=: the allusion is to Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, called =el Bueno= (1256-1309). In the reign of Sancho IV of Castile, Alonso Pérez was entrusted with the defense of Tarifa against the Moors. Tarifa was besieged by the traitorous infante Don Juan at the head of an army of Moors and adventurers. Assaults proving fruitless, Don Juan summoned Guzmán to a parley on the walls of the city, where he told him that if Tarifa were not immediately surrendered, the son of the gallant defender would be put to death before his eyes. The answer of Alonso Pérez was to fling down the weapon with which his son should be murdered. Don Juan promptly dispatched the boy and cast his head within the walls.

=2153.= This line is faulty; one syllable is lacking.

=2173-2175.= Blue symbolizes perseverance, loyalty and recompense; while black, as the symbol of grief and mourning, would signify despair.

=2186.= =al Escorial=: the Real Sitio or Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial lies thirty-one miles northwest of Madrid. It is traditionally believed that during the battle of St. Quentin on St. Lawrence's day (Aug. 10), 1557, Philip vowed that he would build a monastery and dedicate it to St. Lawrence in order to make amends for the destruction by Spanish artillery of a church that bore his name. However, as Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy won the battle and Philip himself was not present, we may suppose that the Escorial was built rather to fulfill Philip's promise to his father Charles V that he would build a suitable tomb as a final resting-place for the remains of the latter and of his wife. In modern times the Escorial has been little used as a palace by the kings of Spain. It is now a monastery in the care of Augustinian monks.

=2242.= Cf. Historical Introduction.

=2247.= Cf. Historical Introduction.

=2255.= =enmudecerá Talía=: Thalia is the muse of comedy; hence the passage would mean 'your laughing satirical tongue will be silenced.'

=2256-2257.= Cf. Historical Introduction.

=2315.= Mendaña gives the explanation in the following scene, cf. l. 2346 and note.

=2320.= Quevedo puns on the word =labores= 'embroidery' and the usual sense of 'labor, work.'

=2327.= =en Toledo=: an allusion to the hospital for the insane at Toledo, called =la Casa del Nuncio=.

=2340.= =el consejo de Castilla=: the Consejo de la Real Cámara or Cámara de Castilla was an outgrowth of the reorganized Consejo Real of Ferdinand and Isabella. It was established in 1588 by Philip II, who required that its members be persons chosen for their prudence, piety, and zeal. Its principal functions were to look after the royal revenues, to fill ecclesiastical benefices, and to administer justice in Castile, Navarre, and the Canary Islands.--For this action by the Consejo cf. Historical Introduction.

=2346.= =Fuenterrabía=: the siege by the French began in July, 1638. The town was supplied with provisions by sea from San Sebastian until a fleet commanded by the archbishop of Bordeaux put an end to this source of supplies with heavy loss to the Spaniards. Meanwhile a force was being prepared to attack the French in their camp. The attack was successful and the rout of the French was complete.

=2395.= =del Corpus=: Corpus Christi, the day upon which the institution of the Holy Eucharist is commemorated. It is observed in Roman Catholic countries with great pomp and ceremony.

=2511.= =Lo=: not the paper, but, as line 2513 shows, the proposition that the paper should go in.

=2547.= =Al fin me estrellé en la roca=: 'at last I have met my fate.' Quevedo had always affected scorn for women. Sanz ignores the fact of Quevedo's marriage.

=2565.= =¿quién?...=: the full form of the question is 'which will prove the stronger?'

=2647.= It was a breach of etiquette for Quevedo to be seated without permission in the presence of Olivares.

=2658.= =ya no quitáis ni ponéis=: this is a reminiscence of Bertrand du Guesclin's "Ni quito ni pongo rey, pero ayudo a mi señor." Du Guesclin with his White Companies came to the aid of Enrique de Trastamara in the latter's rebellion against his half-brother Pedro el Cruel. Pedro, besieged in the castle of Montiel, tried to save himself from Enrique by making terms with Du Guesclin, but he was betrayed into the presence of Enrique. In the struggle that necessarily ensued the two brothers fell to the ground locked in each other's arms. Things were going badly for Enrique when Du Guesclin interfered to give Enrique a chance to dispatch Pedro with his dagger (1369).

=2693.= =la carta de Urías=: in order to have greater opportunity to indulge his passion for Bathsheba, King David sent her husband Uriah to the siege of Rabbah, and at the same time sent a letter giving orders that Uriah be stationed in the place of greatest danger. Cf. II Samuel xii.

=2714.= =postrer=: we should expect =postrera= before a feminine noun, but the meter demands =postrer=.

=2731.= =Gozáis de tan cumplida preeminencia=: the right to cover the head in the presence of the king was the special ceremonial distinction of the grandees of Spain.

THE KING'S LETTER, last line: if Quevedo had not made pauses in reading in order to hold his hearers in suspense, there would have been a punctuation mark after =brazos= but not after =rey=.

=3009.= =mi villa=: la Villa de la Torre de Juan Abad, in the Campo de Montiel, about one hundred miles from Madrid.

VOCABULARY

The sign ~ means a repetition of the word in black type at the beginning of the paragraph; thus, under =acordar=, "=~se=" means =acordarse=.

=a= to, at, on, by, with, in, according to, within; _as sign of personal object is not to be translated_; =~ muerte= o =~ vida= it is life or death; =~ pesar de= in spite of; =~ qué= why; =~ no ser por= were it not for; =~ través de= across, through

=abajo= below, beneath

=abalanzarse sobre= rush impetuously at

=abandonar= abandon, forsake

=abierto, -a= (_pp. of_ =abrir=) open

=abismado, -a= (_pp. of_ =abismar=) buried in thought, dejected

=abismo= _m._ abyss

=abonar= support, bear out

=aborrecer= _irreg._ abhor, hate

=abortar= miscarry, fail

=abrasar= burn, fire; madden

=abrazar= embrace

=abrigar= shelter

=abrir= _irreg._ open; =~ la marcha= go at the head, lead; =~ paso= clear the way

=abrumar= crush, weary

=absorto, -a= (_pp. irreg. of_ =absorber=) absorbed, amazed

=aburrido, -a= (_pp. of_ =aburrir=) bored

=aburrirse de= be bored with

=acá= here, hither

=acabar= finish, come to an end; =~ de= have just

=acaloradamente= heatedly, earnestly

=acaso= perhaps, perchance

=acatar= respect, observe

=acceso= _m._ access, attack (of illness or emotion)

=acción= _f._ action

=acento= _m._ accent, tone, voice

=aceptar= accept

=acerbo, -a= bitter

=acercarse= approach

=acero= _m._ steel; sword

=acertar= _irreg._ hit by chance, guess rightly; happen to, succeed in

=acompañado, -a= (_pp. of_ =acompañar=) accompanied

=acompañar= accompany, escort

=acordar= _irreg._ resolve, determine, grant (_used of king when he determines something which he will later authorize with his official seal and signature_); =~se= remember, recall; =~se de= remember

=acosado, -a= (_pp. of_ =acosar=) pursued closely

=acosar= harass, pursue, beset

=actitud= _f._ attitude, position; =en ~ de marcharse= as if about to go away

=acto= _m._ act

=actor= _m._ actor; =primer ~= leading man

=actriz= _f._ actress

=acudir a= go to, attend, repair to, have recourse to

=adalid= _m._ chief, champion

=Adán= Adam

=adelantar= advance; =~se= advance, approach

=adelante= ahead, forward

=ademán= _m._ look, appearance, expression, gesture

=además= besides, moreover

=adentro= inside, within

=adiós= good-by

=adivinar= guess, foretell

=admirable= admirable

=admirar= admire, wonder at

=adornar= adorn

=adulador= _m._ flatterer

=advertir= _irreg._ observe; give notice, give warning, acquaint

=afán= _m._ anxiety, eagerness

=afanoso, -a= anxious, eager

=afectado, -a= (_pp. of_ =afectar=) affected

=afectar= affect, feign

=afectuoso, -a= affectionate

=afición= _f._ fondness, attachment

=afirmar= declare, assert

=afirmativo, -a= affirmative

=aflicción= _f._ affliction

=afligirse= grieve, repine

=afogonarse= miss fire

=afrentar= affront, insult, shame

=afuera= outside

=agitado, -a= (_pp. of_ =agitar=) agitated

=agitar= agitate, perturb; wave, shake; =~se= be busied

=agonía= _f._ last moments, agony

=agotar= exhaust; =~se= become exhausted

=agua= _f._ water; =hacer ~= leak

=aguardar= wait for, await (expectantly)

=agudo, -a= acute, shrewd

=ah= ah, oh

=ahí= there (near person addressed); here

=ahogado, -a= (_pp. of_ =ahogar=) stifled, drowned; =morir ~ en la orilla= _cf._ =orilla=

=ahogar= stifle; =~se= be smothered, be suffocated, be drowned

=ahora= now; =por ~= for the time being, now

=ahorcar= hang

=aire= _m._ air, expression, look, demeanor

=ajeno, -a= strange, foreign, belonging to another, of another

=al= = =a= + =el=

=ala= _f._ wing

=alabarda= _f._ halberd, pike

=alabardero= _m._ halberdier, pikeman

=alambicar= distill; be unnecessarily particular

=alarde= _m._ ostentation, boast, manifestation; =en regio ~= as if she were the sovereign himself, with royal show

=alargar= extend, hold out

=alborozo= _m._ gayety, joy, rejoicing

=albur= _m._ first draw at monte; chance, risk; =jugar un ~= take a risk, take a chance

=alcaide= _m._ governor (of castle), warden, guardian

=alcalde= _m._ mayor; =~ mayor de casa y corte= judge who with his fellows formed one fifth of chamber of Consejo de Castilla, _see note, l. 2340_

=alcanzar= overtake, grasp, obtain, attain

=alcázar= _m._ castle, palace

=alcotán= _m._ lanner (hawk)

=alegrarse de= rejoice in, be delighted at

=alegre= cheerful, gay, joyous

=alegría= _f._ joy, gladness

=alejar= remove; =~se= move away, go away; =~ del bien= lead astray

=alerta= vigilantly, on the watch

=alfiler= _m._ pin; =prender con ~es= pin up, pin on, pin together, _fig._ put together flimsily

=alfombra= _f._ carpet

=algarabía= _f._ jargon, gabble, hubbub

=algo= something, anything, somewhat

=alguacil= _m._ constable, bailiff

=alguien= some one

=algún= _see_ =alguno=

=alguno, -a= some, any, some one

=aliento= _m._ breath

=alivio= _m._ relief

=alma= _f._ soul, heart; =del ~= beloved

=alojamiento= _m._ lodgings

=alquitara= _f._ still

=alquitarado= (_pp. of_ =alquitarar=) =-a= distilled, purified, put through a purifying process

=alrededor= around, round about; =~ de= about, around; =a su ~= around her _etc._

=alternativamente= alternately

=alteza= _f._ highness

=altivez= _f._ arrogance, pride

=altivo, -a= arrogant, proud, haughty

=alto, -a= high, noble; deep

=altura= _f._ height, summit, heights

=alumbrado, -a= (_pp. of_ =alumbrar=) lighted

=alumbrador= _m._ torch-bearer, light-bearer

=alumbrar= illuminate, enlighten, light

=alzar= raise; =~se= rise; rebel

=allá= there, thither; =por ~= in that direction

=allí= there; =por ~= that way, there

=amanecer= _irreg._ dawn

=amante= loving

=amante= _m. or f._ lover

=amar= love

=amargo, -a= bitter

=amargura= _f._ bitterness

=amarillo, -a= yellow

=ambición= _f._ ambition

=ambicionar= pursue as an ambition; covet

=ambos, -as= both

=amén= amen

=amenazante= threatening, menacing

=amigo, -a= friend

=amistad= _f._ friendship

=amor= _m._ love; _pl._ love affair(s)

=amparo= _m._ protection, refuge

=ancho, -a= broad

=andar= _irreg._ go, walk, act, go about; _often equivalent to_ =estar=; =~ por las ramas= fix one's attention on the least important part of the question, beat about the bush

=ángel= _m._ angel; =~ malo= evil genius

=angustia= _f._ anguish, suffering

=anhelar= long for, desire anxiously

=aniquilar= annihilate, destroy

=aniversario= anniversary

=anochecer= _irreg._ become night, grow dark; =al ~= at nightfall

=ansia= _f._ anxiety, eagerness

=ansiedad= _f._ anxiety; =con ~= anxiously

=ante= before, in front of

=antecámara= _f._ antechamber

=anterior= preceding, former

=antes= formerly, before; =~ de= before

=anunciar= announce

=añadir= add

=año= _m._ year; =al ~= yearly

=aparato= _m._ pomp, ostentation, show

=aparecer= _irreg._ appear

=aparentar= make a false show, feign, sham

=apartar= remove, put aside, part, withdraw; =~se= withdraw, move away, leave

=aparte= aside

=apasionadamente= passionately

=apelar= appeal

=aplaudir= applaud

=aplazar= postpone, delay

=aposento= _m._ room, apartment

=apoyarse= lean, rely on

=apresuramiento= _m._ hastiness, eagerness

=apretar= _irreg._ compress, hold, clutch; distress, harass

=aproximarse= approach

=apuntar= aim

=apurar= consume, drain, exhaust; =~se= worry, fret

=apuro= _m._ perplexity, difficulty, affliction, straits, want

=aquel, -lla= that, the former

=aquél, -lla= that one, the former

=aquí= here, now; =hacia ~= hither; =por ~= hither, this way

=árbol= _m._ tree

=arcabuz= _m._ harquebus

=arder= burn, glow

=ardid= _m._ stratagem, cunning, trick

=arma= _f._ arm, weapon; _pl_. troops; armorial bearings

=arrancar= pull, tear, force out

=arrastrar= drag, draw

=arrebol= _m._ red sky

=arreglar= arrange, dispose

=arrepentido, -a= (_pp. of_ =arrepentirse=) repentant

=arrepentirse= _irreg._ repent

=arriba= above; =hasta ~= (_l. 384_) as far as the top (of the steps)

=arriesgado, -a= (_pp. of_ =arriesgar=) risky, hazardous

=arriesgar= risk, venture

=arrimar= approach, place near; =~ un hombro= lend aid

=arrimo= _m._ protection, support

=arrodillarse= kneel

=arrogancia= _f._ arrogance; =con ~= arrogantly

=arrojar= throw, fling, cast, hurl (away)

=arruinar= ruin

=artista= _m. or f._ artist

=asaduras= _f. pl._ entrails; =echar las ~= laugh one's head off

=asaltar= assail; occur suddenly

=asentimiento= _m._ assent

=asesinar= assassinate, murder

=asesino= _m._ murderer, assassin

=así= thus, so, in this way

=asir= _irreg._ seize, take, grasp; =~se de= clutch, lean upon; take advantage of, have recourse to

=asomarse= show one's self, appear

=asombrar= surprise, astonish; =~se de= be astonished at, be surprised at

=asombro= _m._ surprise, astonishment

=aspecto= _m._ aspect, look

=aspirar= aspire

=astucia= _f._ astuteness, cunning

=asunto= _m._ subject, matter, affair

=asustar= frighten

=atado, -a= (_pp. of_ =atar=) bound

=atajar= stop, interrupt

=atar= bind

=atención= _f._ attention

=atender= _irreg._ attend, pay attention; =atendiendo a= out of respect for

=atentamente= intently

=aterrado, -a= (_pp. of_ =aterrar=) terrified

=atesorar= treasure up, possess

=Atocha= formerly a suburb southeast of Madrid

=atragantar= choke

=atrás= back, backward

=atravesar= _irreg._ cross, traverse

=atreverse a= dare to

=atrio= _m._ porch, portico

=audacia= _f._ audacity, boldness

=audaz= (_pl._ =audaces=) bold

=audiencia= _f._ audience

=aun= _or_ =aún= yet, still, notwithstanding, even; =ni ~= not even

=aunque= although

=aura= _f._ air

=aurora= _f._ dawn

=ausencia= _f._ absence

=autor= _m._ author

=auxiliar= help, aid

=avanzar= advance

=avisar= advise, warn, give notice of

=aviso= _m._ warning, notice

=ay= ah, alas; =~ de vos= _etc._ alas for you _etc._

=ayer= yesterday; =su ~= his past

=ayuda= _f._ help

=ayudar= help

=azar= _m._ accident, disappointment, hazard

=azorado, -a= (_pp. of_ =azorar=) terrified, confused

=azul= blue

=báculo= _m._ staff

=bailar= dance

=baile= _m._ dance

=bajada= _f._ descent

=bajar= lower, descend

=bajo, -a= low

=bajo= under, beneath, subject to

=bala= _f._ bullet

=balcón= _m._ balcony

=bandeja= _f._ tray, salver

=barato, -a= cheap, cheaply

=barbado, -a= bearded; =muy ~= with a very long chin

=barbarie= _f._ barbarousness, cruelty

=bárbaro, -a= barbarous, cruel

=bastante= enough; considerably, sufficiently, quite

=bastar= be enough, suffice

=bastardo, -a= bastard, illegitimate

=batalla= _f._ battle

=batiente= _see_ =mandíbula=

=beldad= _f._ beauty

=Belona= Bellona, goddess of war, sister or wife of Mars

=bello, -a= beautiful

=bendito, -a= blessed

=beneficiado, -a= (_pp. of_ =beneficiar=) object of benefit, person for whom a benefit performance is given

=beneficiar= benefit

=beneficio= _m._ benefit; =a ~ de= for the benefit of

=beodo, -a= drunk, intoxicated

=besamanos= _m._ act of kissing the hand, salute

=besar= kiss

=bicho= _m._ small insect; coxcomb

=bien= well; very; all right; =~ que= although; =ahora ~= now then; this being so; =más ~= rather

=bien= _m._ good; =nunca para el ~ fué tarde= it is never too late to mend

=billete= _m._ note

=bisoño, -a= inexperienced

=bisoño= _m._ raw recruit, novice

=blanco, -a= white

=blasón= _m._ armorial bearings, blazon; glory

=boca= _f._ mouth; =~ arriba= face upward, flat on one's back

=boda(s)= _f._ wedding

=bolsillo= _m._ pocket

=bondad= _f._ goodness, kindness, clemency

=Borgoña= _f._ Burgundy (_see note_)

=Borja= _proper name_

=borrar= blot, erase

=Braganza= _see note_

=bravo, -a= brave, excellent, fine; bravo!

=brazo= _m._ arm

=breve= brief, short; =en ~= in short, in a few words

=brillar= shine, gleam

=brindar= drink a health, toast; offer

=brotar= bud, spring up; appear

=brusco, -a= brusque, gruff

=bueno, -a= good, faithful, noble, clear

=bulto= _m._ object not clearly seen, form

=bulla= _f._ crowd; noise, shouting (of crowd); =de ~= in high good humor