Chapter 8

=cabalgata=, _f._, ride. =caballero=, _m._, gentleman; knight. =caballo=, _m._, horse. =cabaña=, _f._, hut. =cabello=, _m._, hair. =cabeza=, _f._, head; =dolor de ----=, headache. =cabo=, m., end; cape; =al ----=, finally, at last; =al ---- de=, at the end of; =llevar a ----=, to carry out. =cabra=, _f._, goat. =cacao=, _m._, cocoa. =cacarear=, to cackle. =cada=, each, every. =cadáver=, _m._, dead body. =cadí=, _m._, cadi, judge. =caer=, (_pres._ =caigo=), to fall; =---- en algo=, to notice something; =---- en gracia=, to meet with favor. =café=, _m._, coffee. =cafeto=, _m._, coffee tree. =caído=, _p.p. of_ =caer=. =Cairo (el)=, capital of Egypt. =caja=, _f._, box. =cajita=, _f._, little box. =calado=, _m._, fretwork; open embroidery. =calado=, _p.p. of_ =calar=, to put on. =Calatrava=, a ruined town of Spain; =orden de ----=, a religious and military order founded in the 12th century. =calaverada=, _f._, silly action; trick. =Calderón de la Barca, Pedro=, a famous Spanish dramatic poet. =calidad=, _f._, quality. =cálido, -a,= warm. =caliente=, warm; =andar ----=, to be comfortable. =califa=, _m._, caliph. =calificar=, to regard; =----se de=, to be regarded as. =calma=, _f._, calmness. =calor=, _m._, heat; =hace ----=, it is warm. =calzado=, _m._, shoes. =¡calla!= hold on! well, well! hush! =callar=, to be silent; suppress, pass over in silence; =---- el pico=, to hold one's tongue. =calle=, _f._, street. =cama=, _f._, bed; =meterse en ----=, to take to one's bed. =cámara,= _f._, room, chamber; =ayuda de ----=, valet. =camarada=, _m._, comrade. =cambiar=, to change, exchange. =camello=, _m._, camel. =caminar=, to travel. =camino=, _m._, way, road, journey; =---- de hierro=, railroad. =campana=, _f._, bell. =campanario=, _m._, bell tower. =campanilla=, _f._, bell. =campaña=, _f._, campaign. =campesino=, _m._, countryman, farmer. =campo=, _m._, field, country; =al ----=, in the country. =canal=, _m._, canal. =¡canario!= zounds! confound it! =¡canastos!= zounds! hang it! =canción,= _f._, song. =candoroso, -a,= frank, open. =cansado, -a,= tired. =cantar=, to sing; bleat; =es otro ----=, that is a horse of another color. =cántaro,= _m._, pitcher; =llover a ----s=, to rain pitchforks. =cantidad=, _f._, quantity. =caña=, _f._, cane. =cañón=, _m._, cannon; organ pipe. =caoba=, _f._, mahogany. =capital=, _f._, capital _(city)._ =capital=, _m._, capital _(funds)._ =capitán,= _m._, captain. =capitolio=, _m._, capitol. =cara=, _f._, face. =¡caracoles!= zounds! great Scot! =característico, -a=, characteristic. =¡caramba!= hang it! =caramelo=, _m._, caramel; brown sugar. =carbón,= _m._, coal. =carcajada=, _f._, loud laughter; =soltar la ----=, to burst into laughter. =cárcel=, _f._, prison. =carga=, _f._, charge. =cargar=, to load; annoy, bother. =cargo=, _m._, charge; =hacerse ---- de=, to undertake. =caridad=, _f._, charity. =cariño=, _m._, affection, love. =cariñoso,-a=, tender, affectionate. =caritativo,-a=, charitable. =Carlos=, _m._, Charles; =---- V=, Charles V, King of Spain, 1500-58. =carne=, _f._, meat; flesh. =carnero=, _m._, sheep. =carnicero=, _m._, butcher. =carta=, _f._, letter. =casa=, _f._, house; =en ----=, at home; =---- de baños=, bathing establishment. =casar=, to marry; =--se (con)=, to marry, get married (to). =casi=, almost. =casino=, _m._, casino. =caso=, _m._, case, event; =hacer ---- de=, to take notice of. =¡cáspita!= hang it! confound it! =casta=, _f._, kind, race, species. =castaño,-a=, brown. =casualidad=, _f._, accident, chance; =por ---- =, accidentally, by chance. =catedral=, _f._, cathedral. =categoría=, _f._, category. =católico,-a=, catholic. =catorce=, fourteen. =causa=, _f._, cause, reason; =a ---- de=, on account of. =causar=, to cause; give. =cavar=, to dig. =cavilación=, _f._, deep meditation. =cavilar=, to meditate, think. =cayó=, _past abs. of_ =caer=. =caza=, _f._, hunt. =cazador=, _m._, hunter. =cedro=, _m._, cedar. =celebrar=, to celebrate. =célebre=, famous, illustrious. =celeste=, heavenly. =cena=, _f._, supper. =cenar=, to sup, have for supper. =censor=, _m._, critic. =censurar=, to censure, find fault. =centavo=, _m._, cent. =centellante=, sparkling, flashing. =centésimo,-a=, one-hundredth. =céntimo=, _m._, a quarter of a cent. =central=, central. =centro=, _m._, center. =ceñir, (i)=, to wind around; crown. =cepillo=, _m._, eraser. =cequí=, _m._, sequin, a gold coin formerly used in Italy, Turkey, and Spain. =cera=, _f._, wax. =cerca=, near, about; =---- de,= near to. =cercano,-a=, near, neighboring. =cerdo=, _m._, pig. =cereales=, _m. pl._, cereals. =ceremonia= _f._, ceremony. =cero=, _m._, zero. =cerrado,-a=, closed. =cerrar, (ie)=, to close. =Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de=, a great Spanish writer. =cesar=, to cease, stop. =ciego,-a=, blind. =cielo=, _m._, heaven; sky. =cien=, one hundred. =ciencia=, _f._, science. =ciento=, one hundred. =cierra=, _pres. of_ =cerrar=. =ciertamente=, certainly, surely. =cierto,-a=, certain, sure; =por ----=, for certain; certainly, surely. =cierto=, _indef. pron._, a certain; some. =cigarro=, _m._, cigar. =cinco=, five. =cincuenta=, fifty. =cinema=, _see_ =cinematógrafo=. =cinematógrafo=, _m._, cinematograph. =ciña=, _pres. subj. of_ =ceñir=. =ciprés=, _m._, cypress. =circunstancia=, _f._, circumstance; quality. =ciruela=, _f._, plum. =citar=, to cite, quote. =ciudad=, _f._, city. =ciudadano=, _m._, citizen. =civil=, civil. =clamar=, to exclaim; shout, roar. =claramente=, clearly, evidently. =claro,-a=, clear, evident; light. =clase=, _f._, class. =clavo=, _m._, nail. =cliente=, _m._, customer. =clima=, _m._, climate. =cobarde=, _m._, coward. =cobijar=, to cover; protect. =cobre=, _m._, copper. =cobrizo,-a=, copper-colored. =cocina=, _f._, kitchen. =cocinero=, _m._, cook. =coco=, _m._, coconut. =coche=, _m._, coach, carriage. =cochero=, _m._, coachman. =codicia=, _f._, avarice. =codo=, _m._, elbow. =cofradía=, _f._, brotherhood. =coger=, to take, seize. =cola=, _f._, tail. =colarse, (ue)=, to slip. =cólera=, _f._, anger. =cólera=, _m._, cholera. =coléricamente=, angrily. =colérico,-a=, angry. =colgante=, hanging, suspended. =colmena=, _f._, beehive. =colocar=, to place, put. =Colombia=, _f._, Colombia. =colono=, _m._, colonist. =color=, _m._, color. =colosal=, colossal, enormous. =comedia=, _f._, comedy. =comenzar=, to commence, begin. =comer=, to eat. =comercial=, commercial. =comerciante=, _m._, merchant. =comercio=, _m._, commerce. =cometer=, to commit. =cómico,-a=, comic. =comida=, _f._, meal; dinner. =comisión=, _f._, commission. =como=, _adv._, as, how, like, as if. =¿cómo?= how? =compañero=, _m._, companion. =compañía=, _f._, company; =---- por acciones=, stock company. =competidor=, _m._, rival. =complacer=, (_pres._ =complazco=), to please. =completamente=, completely. =completar=, to complete. =completo,-a=, complete; =por ----=, completely. =componer=, (_see_ =poner=), to compose, prepare, arrange; =--se=, to consist. =composición=, _f._, composition; preparation; dish. =compositor=, _m._, composer. =compota=, _f._, stew. =compra=, _f._, purchase. =comprador=, _m._, buyer. =comprar=, to buy. =comprender=, to understand. =compuesto,-a=, arranged; _p.p. of_ =componer=. =compuso=, _past abs. of_ =componer=. =común=, ordinary, common; standard. =comunicación=, _f._, communication; =poner en ----=, to connect. =con=, with, by. =conceder=, to concede, grant. =concepto=, _m._, concept, idea. =concesión=, _f._, concession. =concierto=, _m._, concert. =concluir=, (_pres._ concluyo), to conclude, finish. =concurrir (en)=, to agree. =conde=, _m._, count. =condena=, _f._, sentence. =condenar=, to condemn, sentence. =condesa=, _f._, countess. =condición=, _f._, condition, state; kind. =condimento=, _m._, condiment, spice. =cóndor=, _m._, condor. =conducir=, (_pres._ =conduzco=, _past abs._ =conduje=), to conduct, lead. =conducta,= _f._, behavior. =conducto,= _m_., pipe. =confiar,= (_pres._ confío), to confide, trust; vest in. =congreso,= _m_., congress. =conmemorativo,=-a, commemorative. =conmovido,=-a, moved, touched. =conocer,= (_pres._ conozco), to know, recognize. =conocido,= _m_., acquaintance. =conseguir,= (i), to succeed. =conserva,= _f_., preserve; en ----, preserved. =conservar,= to preserve, keep. =considerable,= considerable. =considerablemente,= considerably. =considerar,= to consider, regard, think. =consigo,= with him (self). =consiguiente:= por ----, consequently. =consistir,= to consist, be composed of. =consolar,= (ue), to console. =constantemente,= constantly. =constitución,= _f._, constitution. =construcción,= _f._, construction, building. =construir,= (_pres._ construyo), to construct, build. =construyó,= _past abs. of_ construir. =consuela,= _pres. of_ =consolar.= =Consuelo,= _f._, Consuelo (_proper name_). =contar,= (ue), to count; tell, relate. =contentar,= to satisfy. =contento,-a,= content, satisfied, happy. =contento,= _m._, pleasure, satisfaction. =contestación,= _f._, answer. =contestar,= to answer, reply. =continente,= _m._, continent. =continuar,= (_pres._ continúo), to continue. =continuo,-a,= continuous. =contorno,= _m_., district. =contra,= against. =convencer,= to convince. =convencido,= _p.p. of_ convencer. =conveniencia,= _f._, convenience. =convenir, (ie),= to suit; (_see_ =venir=). =conversación,= _f._, conversation. =conversar,= to converse. =convertirse,= (ie), to change. =conviene,= _pres. of_ convenir. =copia,= _f_., copy. =copiar,= to copy. =copo,= _m_., bunch of flax. =Corán,= _m_., the Koran. =corazón,= _m_., heart. =cordero,= _m_., lamb. =cordial=, cordial. =cordón=, _m._, string; belt, cord. =coro=, _m._, chorus; choir. =corona=, _f._, crown. =coronel=, _m._, colonel. =corpulento,-a=, corpulent, fat. =correcto,-a=, correct. =correr=, to run. =corresponder=, to fall to the share of. =corrida=, _f._, bullfight. =cortar=, to cut; cut down, =corte=, _f._, court. =corte=, _m._, edge (of a knife). =cortés=, courteous, polite. =cortesano=, _m._, courtier. =cortesía=, _f._, courtesy. =corto,-a=, short. =Coruña (la)=, a province and city of northwestern Spain. =cosa=, _f._, thing; matter; =---- rara=, wonder. =cosecha=, _f._, harvest. =cosechar=, to reap, harvest, =costa=, _f._, coast. =costar, (ue)=, to cost. =costo=, _m._, cost. =costumbre=, _f._, custom, habit; _pl._, manners. =cráneo=, _m._, cranium, skull. =crecer=, (_pres._ =crezco=), grow. =crecido,-a=, increased. =creer=, (_pres. part._ =creyendo=), to believe; think. =cresta=, _f._, crest. =creyendo=, _pres. part. of_ =creer=. =creyente=, _m._, believer, faithful. =creyera=, _past subj., first form, of_ =creer=. =creyó=, _past abs. of_ =creer=. =cría=, _f._, raising; brood. =criada=, _f._, servant, maid. =criadero=, _m._, breeding place. =criado=, _m._, servant. =criar=, to beget; raise, bring up. =cristal=, _m._, crystal, cut glass. =cristalería=, _f._, glass, glassware. =cristiano,-a=, Christian. =cuaderno=, _m._, copy book. =cuadrado,-a=, square. =cuadro=, _m._, picture; painting. =cual=, which; =el ----=, who, which; =lo ----=, what; =cada ----=, each one. =¿cuál?= what? which? =cualquier=, any, whatsoever. =cualquiera=, whoever. =cuando=, when. =¿cuándo?= when? =cuanto,-a=, as much as; all that; =---- más..., tanto más=, the..., the; =en ---- a=, concerning, regarding; =en ----=, as soon as. =¿cuánto,-a?= how much? how many? =cuarenta,= forty. =cuarto,-a,= fourth, quarter. =cuarto,= _m._, room. =cuatro,= four. =cubierta,= _f._, covering. =cubrir,= (_p.p._ cubierto), to cover. =cuchillo,= _m._, knife. =cuelo,= _pres. of_ =colar(se).= =cuello,= _m_., neck. =cuenta,= _f._, bill. =cuento,= _pres. of_ =contar.= =cuento,= _m._, story, tale. =cuerdo,-a,= wise. =cuerno,= _m._, horn (of an animal). =cuero,= _m._, leather, pelt. =cuerpo,= _m._, body. =cuesta,= _f._, hillside, slope; =---- arriba,= uphill. =---- abajo,= downhill. =cuestan,= _pres.of_ =costar.= =cuestión,= _f._, question. =cuidado,= _m._, care; =tener ----=, to be careful; =¡no tengas ----!=, don't worry! =cuidar,= to be careful; tend. =culpar,= to blame. =cultivar,= to cultivate. =cultivo,= _m_., cultivation. =cumplir,= to fulfill, accomplish; serve out. =cúpula,= _f._, dome. =cura,= _m._, priest. =curar,= to heal. =curiosidad,= _f_., curiosity. =curso,= _m_., course. =curvo,-a,= curved. =cutis,= _m_., skin. =cuyo,-a,= whose, of which.

=CH=

=chanza,= _f_., joke; entender de--s, to be trifled with. =charco, = _m_., pool, pond. =chasco,= _m_., trick. =chato,-a,= flat. =Chiapas,= a province of Mexico. =chico,-a,= small. =Chile,= _m_., Chile. =chillar,= to screech, scream. =China,= _f_., China. =chiquillo,= _m_., little boy. =chiquitína,= _f_., little girl. =chispa,= _f_., spark. =¡chispas!= thunder and lightning! zounds! =chocar,= to strike, hit. =chocolate,= _m_., chocolate. =chupona,= _f_., leech.

=D=

=dama,= _f_., lady. =danzar,= to dance. =daño,= _m_., damage, injury. =dar,= (_pres._ =doy,= _past abs_. =di=), to give; =---- parte=, to inform; =---- un chasco=, to play a trick; =---- una media vuelta=, to turn around; =---- un paso=, to take a step; =--- un salto=, to jump; =no te dé el sol=, let the sun not find you. =Darién=, isthmus and gulf in Colombia. =David=, _m_., David. =de=, of, from, in, with, by; _after a comparative_, than. =dé=, _pres. subj. of_ =dar=. =debajo (de)=, below, under. =deber=, must; ought; to owe; =----se=, to be due. =deber=, _m_., duty. =débil=, weak. =debilitando=, _pres. part, of_ =debilitar=. =debilitar=, to become weak. =decidir=, to decide. =decir, (digo, diré, dije, dicho)=, to say, tell, mention; =querer ----=, to mean; =diciendo y haciendo=, suiting the action to the word. =declarar=, to declare. =declive=, _m_., slant; =en ----=, slanting. =dedicarse=, to devote one's self, devote. =dedo, _m_., finger; toe. =degollar=, (ue), to behead. =deguello=, _pres. of_ =degollar=. =dejar=, to let; leave, fail, forsake; =no dejaba de tener=, could not help =having. =del = de el=. =delante (de)=, before, in front of. =delegación=, _f_., delegation. =deleitado,-a=, delighted. =deleitarse=, to delight. =deleite=, _m_., to delight, pleasure. =deletrear=, to spell. =delgado,-a=, thin, lean. =delicado,-a=, delicate. =demandar=, to demand; ask. =demasiado,-a=, excessive. =demasiado=, _adv_., too much, too, excessively. =demonio=, _m_., devil. =demostrar, (ue)=, to show; prove. =denso,-a=, dense, thick; heavy. =dentro=, within; inside. =derecho,-a=, straight; right. =derecho=, _m_., right. =derribar=, to break down. =desaliento=, _m_., discouragement, disappointment. =desaparecer=, _(pres._ =desaparezco=), to disappear; be gone (dead). =desaparezca=, _pres. subj. of_ =desaparecer=. =desarrollar=, to develop. desatar, to untie. desatento,-a, inattentive. desazón, _f_., annoyance. descansar, to rest. descender, (ie), to descend. =descendida,= _f._, descent, fall. =descendiendo,= _pres. part. of_ =descender.= =descendiente,= _m._, descendant. =desciende,= _pres. of_ =descender.= =descontento,-a,= dissatisfied. =descontinuar,= to discontinue, stop. =describir,= (_p.p._ =descrito=), to describe. =descripción,= _f._, description. =descubierto,= _p.p. of_ =descubrir.= =descubrimiento,= _m_., discovery. =descubrir,= (_p.p._ =descubierto=), to discover, make out, discern, reveal. =descuida,= _imper. of_ =descuidar,= don't worry. =desde,= since; from. =desdeñosamente,= disdainfully. =desdicha,= _f._, misfortune. =desear, =to desire, wish. =desechar,= to cast off, cast aside. =deseo,= _m_., desire, wish. =desesperación,= _f._, despair. =desesperado,-a,= desperate; despairing. =desgraciadamente,= unfortunately. =deshelar, (ie),= to thaw. =deshiela,= _pres. of_ =deshelar.= =desierto,-a,= deserted, uninhabited. =desigualdad,= _f._, inequality. =deslizarse,= to slip. =desmayado,-a,= in a faint, dismayed. =desmayar,= to faint. =desmejorar,= to decline, deteriorate. =desnudo,-a,= bare, naked. =desobediente,= disobedient. =despacio,= slowly. =despedirse, (i),= to take leave. =despertar, (ie),= to awaken, wake up. =despidió,= _past abs. of_ =despedir (se).= =despique,= _m_., spite: revenge. =despropósito=, _m_., absurdity. =después,= afterwards, later; =---- de,= after. =destilación,= _f._, distillation; distilling. =destino,= _m_., fate, destiny. =destrozar,= to destroy. =destrozo,= _m_., destruction, damage. =destruir,= (_pres._ =destruyo=), to destroy. =desvanecer,= (_pres._ =desvanezco=), to dissipate, cause to disappear. =desvelo,= _m_., watching. =desvestir,= (_pres._ =desvisto=), to undress. =detener, (ie;= _see_ =tener),= to detain, hold back; =--se,= to stop. =determinar,= to determine. =detrás (de),= behind. =detuvo,= _past abs. of_ =detener.= =devolver, (ue;= _p.p._ =devuelto),= to give back, return. =devorar,= to devour. =dí,= _imper. of_ =decir.= =día,= _m_., day; =¡buenos--s!= good day! =diablo,= _m_., devil. =¡diantre!= the deuce! =diariamente,= daily. =diario,-a,= daily. =diario,= _m_., daily newspaper. =dice,= _pres. of_ decir, =diciembre,= _m_., December. =diciendo,= _pres. part, of_ decir, =dictar,= to dictate. =dicho,= _p.p. of_ decir, =dicho,= _m_., saying. =dichoso,-a,= happy. =diente,= _m._, tooth. =diera,= _past subj., first form, of_ =dar.= =dieron,= _past abs. of_ =dar.= =diestro,-a,= skilled, skillful. =diez,= ten. =diferencia,= _f._, difference. =diferenciarse,= to consider one's self different. =diferente,= different. =difícil,= difficult. =dificultad,= _f._, difficulty. =difunto,-a,= departed. =diga,= _pres. subj. of_ =decir.= =digo,= _pres. indic. of_ =decir.= =dijo,= _past abs. of_ =decir.= =diligencia,= _f._, =diligence.= =diligente,= diligent. =diligentemente,= diligently. =dinamita,= _f._, dynamite. =dinero,= _m._, money. =dió,= _past abs. of_ =dar.= =Dios,= _m_., God. =diosa,= _f._, goddess. =diputado,= _m_., deputy. =diré,= _fut. of_ decir. =dirección,= _f._, direction, management. =directamente,= directly. =dirigir,= to direct, conduct; =--se,= to address one's self to, turn toward. =discípula,= _f._, pupil. =discípulo,= _m._, pupil. =disco,= _m._, disk. =discontento,-a,= dissatisfied. =disculpar,= to palliate, excuse. =discurrir,= to discuss, converse; think out. =discusión,= _f._, discussion. =disgusto,= _m_., annoyance, trouble, vexation. =disimular,= to dissemble, disguise; hide. =disparate,= _m_., nonsense. =dispensar=, to excuse, pardon; spare, get along without. =disponer=, (_see_ =poner=), to dispose. =distancia=, _f._, distance. =distinguido,-a=, distinguished. =distinguir=, to distinguish; =--se=, to distinguish one's self, be famous. =distintamente=, distinctly, plainly. =distraer=, (_see_ =traer=), to distract. =distribución=, _f._, distribution. =distrito=, _m._, district. =diversión=, _f._, diversion, amusement. =diversos,-as=, several. =dividir=, to divide. =divisar=, to see, behold. =doble=, double; double bill. =doce=, twelve. =dólar=, _m._, dollar. =dolor=, _m._, pain; =---- de cabeza=, headache. =Dolores=, _f._, Dolores. =dominar=, to dominate. =domingo=, _m._, Sunday. =dominio=, _m._, domination, rule. =donde=, where. =¿dónde?= where? =¿por----?= by what way _or_ road? =dondequiera=, wheresoever. =dormir, (ue)=, to sleep. =dos=, two; =a las----=, at two o'clock. =doscientos=, two hundred. =doy=, _pres. of_ =dar=. =dragón=, _m._, dragon. =drama=, _m._, drama, =ducado=, _m._ ducat (_a gold coin worth $2.28_). =duda=, _f._, doubt. =dudar=, to doubt. =dudilla=, _f._, slight doubt. =dueño=, _m._, master, owner. =duermen=, _pres. of_ =dormir=. =dulce=, sweet. =durante=, during. =durar=, to last. =duro,-a=, hard, irksome. =duro=, _m._, dollar (5 pesetas).

=E=