Ypres and the Battles of Ypres
Part 7
Haubourdin suffered comparatively little from the shells, but like all the other occupied towns of France, it was subjected to exactions, war-levies, deportations and pillage. The German soldiers, when relieved from the Hindenburg line, had their rest-billets there. The church (of no especial interest), the hospital (15th century), and a chapel built in 1347, are still preserved.
_After passing through_ =Loos=, _return to_ =Lille=, _entering by the Bethune Gate_.
_For visiting Lille, see the Michelin Illustrated Guide: "Lille Before and During the War."_
THE BRITISH FORCES ENGAGED in the YPRES SECTOR
_The Orders of Battle have been compiled from information supplied by the Historical Section (Military Branch) Committee of Imperial Defence, with permission of the Army Council, War Office._
THE BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY FORCE, 1914.
_Cavalry Division._ MAJOR-GEN. SIR E. H. H. ALLENBY.
_1st Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. J. BRIGGS. _2nd Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. DE B. DE LISLE. _3rd Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. DE LA P. GOUGH. _4th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. THE HON. C. E. BINGHAM. _5th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. SIR P. W. CHETWODE. _R.H.A._: BRIG.-GEN. B. F. DRAKE.
_First Army Corps_ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR DOUGLAS HAIG.
_Brig.-Gen. R.A._: BRIG.-GEN. H. S. HORNE.
_1st Division_, MAJOR-GEN. S. H. LOMAX. _1st Guards Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. I. MAXSE. _2nd Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. E. S. BULFIN. _3rd Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. S. LANDON. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. N. D. FINDLAY. _Brig.-Gen. R.E._: BRIG.-GEN. S. B. RICE.
_2nd Division_, MAJOR-GEN. C. C. MUNRO. _4th Guards Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. SCOTT-KERR. _5th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. C. B. HAKING. _6th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. H. DAVIES. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. E. M. PERCEVAL.
_Second Army Corps_ GENERAL SIR H. L. SMITH-DORRIEN
_Brig.-Gen. R.A._: BRIG.-GEN. A. H. SHORT.
_3rd Division_, MAJOR-GEN. H. I. W. HAMILTON. _7th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. W. N. MCCRACKEN _8th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. B. J. C. DORAN. _9th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. C. SHAW. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. F. D. V. WING. _Brig.-Gen. R.E._: BRIG.-GEN. A. E. SANDBACH.
_5th Division_, MAJOR-GEN. SIR C. FERGUSSON. BT. _13th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. J. CUTHBERT. _14th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. S. P. ROLT. _15th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. A. E. W. COUNT GLEICHEN. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. J. E. W. HEADLAM. _19th Inf. Bde._: MAJOR-GEN. L. DRUMMOND.
_Third Army Corps_ MAJOR-GEN. W. P. PULTENEY. (_Formed in France, August 31, 1919._)
_Brig.-Gen. R.A._: BRIG.-GEN. E. J. PHILLIPS-HORNBY, V.C. _Brig.-Gen. R.E._: BRIG.-GEN. F. M. GLUBB.
_4th Division_, MAJOR-GEN. T. D'O. SNOW. _10th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. J. A. L. HALDANE. _11th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. A. G. HUNTER-WESTON. _12th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. F. M. WILSON. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. G. F. MILNE.
_6th Division_, MAJOR-GEN.: J. L. KEIR. (_Embarked for S. Nazaire, Sept. 8--9, 1914._) _16th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. E. C. INGOUVILLE-WILLIAMS. _17th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. W. R. B. DORAN. _18th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. W. N. CONGREVE V.C. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. W. L. H. PAGET.
=FIRST BATTLE OF YPRES.= (October 19--November 21, 1914.)
_General Officer Commanding-in-Chief_ FIELD-MARSHAL SIR JOHN FRENCH. _Cavalry Corps._ GEN. SIR E. H. H. ALLENBY.
_1st Cav. Division_: MAJOR-GEN. H. DE B. DE LISLE. _1st Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. J. BRIGGS. _2nd Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. L MULLENS.
_2nd Cav. Division_: MAJOR-GEN. H. P. GOUGH. _3rd Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. J. A. BELL SMYTHE. _4th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. E. BINGHAM. _5th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. P. CHEPWODE.
_3rd Cav. Division_: MAJOR-GEN. J. W. BYNG. _6th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. E. MAKINS. _7th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. M. KAVANAGH. _8th Cav. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. B. BULKELEY-JOHNSON.
_First Army Corps_ GEN. SIR D. HAIG.
_1st Division_: MAJOR-GEN. S. H. LOMAX. _1st Guards Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. FITZCLARENCE. _2nd Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. E. S. BULFIN. _3rd Inf. Bde._: BRIG. GEN. H. J. S LANDON. V C. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. E. A. FANSHAWE.
_2nd Division_: MAJOR-GEN. C. C. MONRO. _4th Guards Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. LORD CAVAN. _5th Inf. Bde._: COL. C. B. WESTMACOTT. _6th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. FANSHAWE. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. E. M. PERCEVAL.
_Second Army Corps_ GEN. SIR H. L. SMITH-DORRIEN.
_3rd Division_: MAJOR-GEN. C. J. MACKENZIE. _7th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. W. MCCRAKEN. _8th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. B. J. C. DORAN, _9th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. C. SHAW. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. A. H. SHORT.
_5th Division_: MAJOR-GEN. T. N. MORLAND. _13th Inf. Bde_: COL. A. W. MARTYN. _14th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN, E. S. MAUDE. _15th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. A. E. W. COUNT GLEICHEN. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN J. E. W. HEADLAM.
_Third Army Corps_ GEN. SIR W. P. PULTENEY.
_4th Division_: MAJOR-GEN. H. F. M. WILSON. _10th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. P. A. HULL. _11th Inf. Bde_: BRIG.-GEN A. HUNTER WESTON. _12th Inf. Bde._: BRIG-GEN. F. G. ANLEY. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. G. F. MILNE.
_6th Division_: MAJOR-GEN. T. L. KEIR. _16th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. E. C. INGOUVILLE-WILLIAMS. _17th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. W. R. B. DORAN. _18th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. W. N. CONGREVE. _19th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. HON. F. GORDON. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN W. H. L. PAGET.
_Fourth Army Corps_ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR H. S. RAWLINSON.
_7th Division_: MAJOR-GEN. T. CAPPER. _20th Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. RUGGLES-BRISE. _21st Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. H. E. WATTS. _22nd Inf. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. S. T. B. LAWFORD. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. H. K. JACKSON.
_Indian Army Corps_ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR J. WILLCOCKS.
_3rd_ (_Lahore_) _Div._: LIEUT.-GEN. H. A. WATKINS. _7th Ind. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. R. G. EGERTON. _8th Ind. Bde._: MAJOR-GEN. P. M. CARMEDY. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. F. E. JOHNSON. _7th (Meerut) Div._: LIEUT.-GEN. C. A. ANDERSON. _19th Ind. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. C. E. JOHNSON. _20th Ind. Bde._: MAJOR-GEN. H. DU KEARY. _21st Ind. Bde._: BRIG.-GEN. F. MACBEAN. _Artillery_: BRIG.-GEN. A. P. SCOTT.
=SECOND BATTLE OF YPRES.= (April 22--May 24, 1915.)
_General Officer Commanding-in-Chief_ FIELD-MARSHAL SIR JOHN FRENCH.
_Cavalry Corps._ GEN. SIR E. H. H. ALLENBY.
_1st Cav. Div._: MAJOR-GEN. H. DE B. DE LISLE. _2nd Cav. Div._: MAJOR-GEN. C. T. KAVANAGH. _3rd Cav. Div._: MAJOR-GEN. J. W. BYNG.
_Second Army_GEN. SIR H. SMITH-DORRIEN.
_Second Army Corps_ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR C. FERGUSON.
_5th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. T. N. MORLAND. _46th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. E. J. MONTAGUE-STUART-WORTLEY.
_Fifth Army Corps_LIEUT.-GEN. SIR H. PLUMER.
_27th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. T. D'O. SNOW. _28th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. E. S. BULFIN.
_Third Army Corps_ GEN. SIR W. P. PULTENEY.
_4th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. H. F. M. WILSON. _6th Div._: MAJOR-GEN. T. L. KEIR. _50th Div._ (_General Reserve_): MAJOR-GEN. SIR W. F. LINDSAY.
=THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES.= (July 31--November 6, 1916.)
_General Officer Commanding-in-Chief_ FIELD-MARSHAL SIR DOUGLAS HAIG.
_First Army._ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR H. S. HORNE. _1st Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. A. E. A. HOLLAND. _11th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR E. C. R. HAKING. _13th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. F. W. N. MCCRACKEN.
_Second Army_ GENERAL SIR H. C. O. PLUMER. _2nd Army Corps_ (_with 5th Army during Aug._): LIEUT.-GEN. SIR C. W. JACOB. _8th Army Corps_ (_with 5th Army during Aug. & Sept._): MAJOR-GEN. SIR A. G. HUNTER-WESTON. _9th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. A. HAMILTON GORDON. _10th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. SIR T. L. N. MORLAND. _1st Anzac Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR W. R. BIRDWOOD. 2nd Anzac Corps: Major-Gen. Sir A. J. Godley.
_Third Army._ LIEUT.-GEN. THE HON. SIR J. H. G. BYNG. _3rd Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR W. P. PULTENEY. _4th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR C. L. WOOLLCOMBE. _6th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. J. A. L. HALDANE. _17th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR C. FERGUSON.
_Fourth Army_ GENERAL SIR H. S. RAWLINSON, BART. _15th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. SIR J. P. DU CANE.
_Fifth Army_ LIEUT.-GEN. SIR H. DE LA P. GOUGH. _2nd Army Corps (see 2nd Army)_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR C. W. JACOB. _5th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. E. A. FANSHAW. _8th Army Corps (see 2nd Army)_: MAJOR-GEN. SIR A. G. HUNTER-WESTON. _14th Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. LORD CAVAN. _18th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. SIR F. L. MAXSE. _19th Army Corps_: MAJOR-GEN. H. E. WATTS. _New Zealand Division (Unattached)_: MAJOR-GEN. SIR A. H. RUSSELL.
_Canadian Army Corps_: LIEUT.-GEN. SIR E. A. H. ALDERSON.
INDEX TO NAMES OF PLACES MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
_The figures in heavy type indicate the pages on which there are illustrations._
Abeele, 116
Aire Canal, 124, 127
Allaines, 45
=Amiens=, 37, 45
Anzac Redoubt, 28
=Armentieres=, 5, 18, 38, 39, 45, 46, =49=, =50=, =51=, =52=, =53=, =54=, 58, 108, 119, 124
=Arras=, 37
Artois, 37
Aschhoop, 35
Aubers, 129
Auchy-la-Bassee, 129
=Bailleul=, 39, 40, 41, 45, 119
Baisieux, 18
Beaucamps, 131
Becelaere, 3, 7, 30, 48, 61, =62=, 63
Bellewarde Lake, 105
Berthem, 118
=Bethune=, 39, 48, 108, =124=, =125=, =126=, =127=, =128=
Bixschoote, 12, 14, 25, 32
Bizet, =55=
Boeschepe, =115=
Boesinghe, 23, 66, =67=, 68
Bois Grenier, 38, 39, 119
Borry Farm, 28
Broodseinde, 3, 15, 30, 32, 63
=Bruges=, 69
Brulooze Inn, 43
Calonne, 39
=Cambrai=, 45, 46
Cambrin, 129
Canal du Nord, 45
Canteleu, 48
=Cassel=, 40
Cats Hill, 40, 42, 48, 58, 108, 109, =116=, =117=, =118=
Chapelle d'Armentieres, 49
Clarence River, 39
Clercken, 3
Comines, 46
Corverbeek Stream, 34
Denain, 46
Dickebusch Pond, 42, 43
=Dixmude=, 13, 23, 25, 26, 46
=Douai=, 46
Douve River, 58
Draeibank, 34
Dranoutre, 41, 42
Driegrachten, 26
Elverdinghe, 23
Englos, 132
Ennetieres, 132
Essenfarm, 23
Estaires, 39, 45, 48, =120=
=Festubert=, 39, 124
Fleurbaix, 39, =119=
Fokker Farm, 28
Fourues, 131
Frezenburg, 7, 16, 25
Gallipoli Farm, 28
Gapaard, 21, 23, =59=
Gaverbeck Canal, 60
=Gheluvelt=, 3, 4, 7, 28, 46, 48, =60=, 61
=Ghent=, 69
=Givenchy=, 39, 45
Glencorse Wood, 3, 26, 28
Godewaerstelde, 116
Goudberg, 35
Gouzeaucourt, 45
Gravenstafel, 31
Hanebeke Stream, 115
Haubourdin, 58, 132
Haute-Deule Canal, 46, 48
Havrincourt Wood, 45
=Hazebrouck=, 39, 40, 45
Heksken, 115
Herenthage Wood, 3, 28, 106
Het Sas, 14, 15, 17, 23, 67
=Hill 60=, 3, 14, 16, 18, 106
Hill 63, 57
=Hindenburg Line=, 133
Hockske, 35
Hollebeke, 7, 10, 23, 25, 26, 28, 59, =60=
=Hooge=, 16, 19, 23, 25, 48, =105=, =106=
Houthem, 11, 48, 59, 60
Houthulst Forest, 3, 32, 33, 46, 66
Iberian Farm, 28
Illies, 130
"International Trench", 18
Inverness Wood, 3, 26, 28
=Kemmel=, 14, 41, 42, 109, =113=, =114=, 115
Kemmel Hill, 40, 42, 48, 58, 108, 109, =114=, 115, 136
Kemmelbeek, 42, 107, 112
Kippe, 35
Klein Zillebeke, 7, 21, 23, 28
Kortekeer Inn, 25
Kortewilde, 60
Kruppfarm, 23
=La Bassee=, 13, 37, 38, 45, 48, 129, =130=, =131=, =132=
La Bassee Canal, 46
La Clytte, 42, 43, 109, =111=, 115
La Couture, 39
La Croix de Poperinghe, 118
La Fosse, 123
La Motte du Bois, 123
=Langemarck=, 12, 15, 16, 18, 26, 27, 28, 30, 48, =66=, =67=
La Vallee, 132
Laventie, 39, 45, 119, =120=
Lawe River, 39, 123, 124
=Lens=, 45, 46
Lestrem, =122=, 123
Le Transloy, 45
Lille, 40, 46, =48=, 50, 108, 133, =134=, =135=
Lille-Hazebrouck Rly., 30
Lindenhoek, 41, 42
Little Hill, 119
Lizerne, 15, 23
Lobes, 124
Locon, 39, =123=, 124
=Locre=, 42, 43 110, =112=, 115
Lombaertzyde, 23
Lomme, 48
=Loos=, 133
Luyghem, 35
=Lys River=, 13, 23, 25 37, 39, 45, 46, =50=, =51=, 53, 55, 119, 120, 123
Mangelhaere, 32
Marchiennes, 46
Marquion, 45
Martjet-Vaart Canal, 26
=Menin=, 7, 9, 16, 28, 46, 61, 103, 105
Menin Road, 30
Merckem, 35
Merris, 39
Merville, 39, 45, 108, =121=, 122, 123
=Messines=, 5, 8, 9, 20, 21, 23, 48, =56=, =58=, 59, 61
Messines-Wytschaete Crest, 39
Meteren, 39, 40, 41, 45
Molenaarelsthoek, 30
Molenhoek, 62
Mosselmarkt, 35
Neuf-Berquin, 39, 121
=Neuve-Chapelle=, 13, 38, 39, 45, 124, 129
Neuve-Eglise, 39, 40, 45, 58
Nieppe, 39, 119
Nieppe Forest, 38, 39, 45, 108, 122, 123
Noir Hill, 40, 48, 58, 108, =118=
Nonnes Wood, 3, 28
Noordhemhoek, 30, 63
Noreuil, 45
Notre-Dame-de-Grace, 58
Oosttraverne, 20
Orchies, 46
Outtersteene, 45
Papegoed Wood, 34
=Passchendaele=, 3, 30, 32, 34, 35, 46, 48, 63, =64=, 65
Petite Doure Stream, 58
Petit-Kemmel, 42
Pilkem, 14, 15, 23, 25, 66
=Ploegsteert=, 18, 23, 39, 45, 55, =56=, =57=
Poelcapelle, 3, 7, 28, 31, 32, 33, 35, =46=, =65=, 66
Polderhoek, 30
Polygon Wood, 3, 26, 28, 63
=Poperinghe=, 16, 40, 48, =107=, 108, 115
Poterie Farm, 21
Potsdam Redoubt, 28
Premesques Chateau, 49
Quatre Chemins, 23
Queant, 45
Radinghem, 132, =133=
Ramscapelle, 16
Ravelsberg, 119
Ravetsberg, 40
Rayon Wood, 20
Reninghe, 23
=Reninghelst=, 109, 115
Reutel, 80
Richebourg-St.-Waast, 39
Robecq, 39
Rose Farm, 28
Rossignol, 58
Rouge Hill, =40=, 48, 58, 108, =109=, 110, =112=
=Roubaix=, 46, 50
=Roulers=, 15, 34, 64
Sailly-Saillisel, 45
=St. Eloi=, 3, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 41
St. Janshoek, 32, 34
St. Julien, 16, 25, 27, 28
St. Maur Ferry, 39
St. Yves, 8, 21, 23
Sanctuary Wood, 19, 23, 25, 106
Schaexnen, 118
Scherpenberg Hill, =37=, 48, 108, 109, 110, =111=
Soetart Farm, 16
Steenbeck Canal, 25, 26, 58
Steenstraat, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26
Steenwerck, 39, 45
Steenwoorde, 116
Stilebecque Stream, 119
Terhand, 61, =62=
Therouanne, 70
Thielt, 6
=Tourcoing=, 46, 50
=Tournai=, 18
Tower Hamlet, 28, 29, 30, 61
=Valenciennes=, 46
Vampire Farm, 28
Veldhoek, 28, 32, 106
Vendin-le-Vieil, 46
Verbranden-Molen, 10
Verlorenhoek, 23, 25
Vidaigne Hill, 40, 48, 108, 110, =112=, =118=
Vieux-Berquin, 39, 45
Villers-au-Flos, 45
=Vlamertinghe=, 107
Voormezelo, 42
Wanbecke River, 59
Warneton, 58
Wervicq, 46
Westhoek, 26
=Westoutre=, 43, 110
Westroosebeke, =65=
Wez Macquart, 49
Wieltje, 16, 23
Wulverghem, 14, 39, 40, 45, 58
=Wytschaete=, 8, 9, 20, 40, 48, =59=
Wytschaete-Messines Crest, 39
Yperlee River, 23, 68, 71, 80
=Ypres=, =4=, =11=, =14=, =18=, =35=, =58=, =68--102=
Ypres-Bruges Rly., 23, 25
Ypres-Comines Canal, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28
" " Rly., 19
" Lille Rly., 60
" Roulers Rly., 23, 30, 103
=Yser Canal=, 3, 15, 17, 23, 25, 26, 68
Zandvoorde, 4, 5, 7, 48, 61
Zelobes, 124
Zevecoten, 109, 115
Zevencote, 28
=Zillebeke=, 3, 19, 42, 43, 102, =103=, =104=, 105
Zollebeke, 48
Zonnebeke, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 28, 29, 48, =63=
Zuydschoote, 15
Zwarteleen, 9, 23
CONTENTS
PAGES FOREWORD 3 THE GERMAN OFFENSIVE, 1914 (1st Battle of Ypres) 4--11 SECOND BATTLE OF YPRES 14--16 THE ALLIES OFFENSIVE, 1917 (3rd Battle of Ypres) 20--23 1st Phase 23--26 2nd Phase 26--27 3rd Phase 28--29 4th Phase 30--31 5th Phase 32--33 6th Phase 34--35 GERMAN OFFENSIVE, 1918 37 BATTLE OF THE FLANDERS HILLS 38--40 CAPTURE OF KEMMEL HILL 41--42 LAST GERMAN ATTACK, 1918 43 THE ALLIES' VICTORY OFFENSIVE, 1918 44--47 VISIT TO THE BATTLEFIELDS 48--133 First Day 48--107 Second Day 108--133 CHIEF HISTORICAL EVENTS 69--71 BRITISH FORCES ENGAGED 137--141 British Expeditionary Force, 1914 138--139 1st Battle of Ypres, 1914 139 2nd Battle of Ypres, 1915 140 3rd Battle of Ypres, 1916 141 INDEX TO NAMES OF PLACES MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME 142--143
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Transcriber's notes
Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
Hyphen removed: "iron[-]work" (page 123).
Pages 25, 142: "Kortekeert" changed to "Kortekeer".
Page 25: "Ypers" changed to "Ypres" (on the right of the Ypres-Roulers Road).
Page 26: "asault" changed to "assault" (they took by assault the village).
Page 32: "Houlthulst" changed to "Houthulst" (the south-western edge of Houthulst Forest).
Page 37: "of" changed to "to" (the driving back to the Channel coast).
Page 71: "coverd" changed to "covered" (waterways are now covered).
Page 101: "tmypana" changed to "tympana" (whose tympana are decorated).
Page 116: "Itinerery" changed to "Itinerary" (See Itinerary p. 108).
End of Project Gutenberg's Ypres and the Battles of Ypres, by Unknown