Part 11
Nobly the royal foot met the deadly storm of battle; exerting such heroic courage that they fairly pushed back the Parliamentarian advance, and the King's prospects were yet promising, maugre the terrible handling received from Cromwell. That gallant soldier held his cavalry well in hand, albeit their ranks were somewhat thinned by shot and steel; and they now wrested the victory from the rashly impetuous Rupert. The Marquis of Newcastle's incomparable regiment of Northumbrians perished here. They were known as "lambs," or "white-coats," from the colour of their doublets, and resisted Cromwell to the last. Again and again he charged them, but they returned blow for blow, and, disdaining all offers of quarter, perished almost to a man, the few that were saved owing their lives rather to the magnanimity of their enemies than to any exertions of their own to escape the slaughter. They fell in their proper battle-order, and presented a ghastly spectacle as they lay upon the field in rank and file, their white coats cruelly slashed with many a crimson stain. The remainder of the royal foot were now taken in the rear by the Ironsides, and sustained a bloody and ruinous defeat. Before their ruin was consummated the Prince returned, and a fierce conflict ensued. Rupert had counted the victory as already won, and rage and mortification added to the fury of the last sanguinary and stubborn conflict. Cromwell was wounded in the neck, and his charge was all but abortive, when Leslie came up and retrieved the mishap by a terrible onslaught that sent Rupert's over-mastered warriors in wild confusion from the field. The infantry now surrendered, and Cromwell captured all the cannon, baggage, &c, of the royal army, which was pursued almost to the gates of York.
At a late hour throngs of wounded men and fugitives from the field appeared before Micklegate-Bar, but the soldiers of the garrison were alone admitted into the city, and the confusion that ensued was of the most deplorable and painful character.
Cromwell remained on the field, anxious and alert, fearful that the impetuous Rupert might rally some remains of his army, and, by a sudden onslaught under cover of night, wrest from his shattered army the victory so hardly won by dint of heavy fighting.
The general loss was estimated at 7,000 men, Prince Rupert losing over 3,000 slain, and 3,000 prisoners, including many officers. The Parliamentarians captured forty-seven colours, twenty-five pieces of artillery, a number of carbines and pistols, 130 barrels of gunpowder, and 10,000 arms. Among their prisoners were Generals Sir Charles Lucas, Tilliard, and Porter, and Lord Goring's son. Amongst the gallant gentlemen who laid down their lives for King Charles on Marston Moor were Lord Kerry, Sir Francis Dacres, Sir William Lampton, Sir Charles Slingsby, Sir William Wentworth, Sir Marmaduke Luddon, Sir Richard Gledhill, Colonel John Fenwick, Sir Richard Graham, and Captain John Baird. Sir Richard Gledhill, as a matter of fact, died in his own house an hour after he succeeded in gaining its shelter. He had received twenty-six wounds. Sir Charles Lucas was informed that he could select some of the slain for private interment, and in thus distinguishing one unfortunate Cavalier caused a bracelet of silky hair to be removed from his wrist, "as he knew an honourable lady who would thankfully receive it." The Scots suffered severely, and the English lost Captains Micklethwaite and Pugh, and Sir Thomas Fairfax had to deplore the loss of his brother Charles, and of Major Fairfax.
No two accounts of the battle agree, and Cromwell, whose conduct conduced so largely to the winning of the battle, has been even accused of cowardice by one writer. Rapin says,
"I shall not undertake to describe this battle, because in all the accounts I have seen I meet with so little order or clearness that I cannot expect to give a satisfactory idea of it to such of my readers as understand these matters."
The Parliamentarians assumed a white badge to distinguish them from their opponents.
Prince Rupert would probably have won the battle had he acted as a commander-in-chief instead of leading a wing; but it was then customary for each of the three commanders to fight his own battle, with too little regard to the general issue, when there was no commander directing the operations of the divisions.
The King's affairs never recovered from the results of this battle, and the royal cause undoubtedly received its death-blow on Marston Moor, when the last of the Yorkshire battles was fought.
XXI.--BATTLE OF BRUNANBURGH.
A.D. 937.
King Athelstan reigned in troublous days, with the restless Danish population in the North, the Welsh in the West, the Scots ready to support his enemies, and his own nobles discontented and disloyal. Athelstan had conferred upon Sithric, King of Northumberland, the hand of his sister; but the prince violated his obligations, and was only secured from punishment by the sudden stroke of death.
Sithric's sons, Anlaf and Godfrid, took refuge in Ireland and Scotland; and a confederation of the princes of Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Cumberland, seconded by a Danish fleet, threatened the crown of Athelstan.
After four years of preparation and recruiting the storm burst. In 937 Anlaf entered the Humber at the head of a huge armada of 615 sail, and occupied Bernicia.
Athelstan, with a powerful army, marched to the North and encamped at Brunanburgh. It is said that Anlaf entered the King's camp disguised as a minstrel, and was liberally rewarded by Athelstan, but, in his pride, buried the gold, and was perceived by one of the royal soldiers, who then recognised him, but permitted him to retire from the camp before he apprised Athelstan of the identity of the minstrel. His excuse that had permitted Anlaf to escape because he had at one period sworn fealty to him, was accepted as a sufficient reason; but Athelstan removed his camp, and shortly after the Bishop of Sherborne came up with his troops and occupied the ground that Athelstan had vacated.
That night Anlaf made a sudden attack upon the Saxons, and slew the Bishop of Sherborne and many of his followers, before he was driven off.
The day of battle dawned. Each army was formed into two corps. Athelstan commanded the West Saxons; Turketul, his heroic chancellor, led the warriors of Mercia and London. Anlaf and his wild Northmen opposed the King; Constantine, King of Scotland, confronted Turketul with his Scots and Cumbrians.
At sunrise the war-smiths fell to, with sleet of arrows and deadly play of bills and spears, as the banners were pushed forward. Bravely the golden-haired Athelstan acquitted himself in the van, amid the communion of swords and the clashing of bills, the conflict of banners and the meeting of spears, when the keen javelins strewed the soil with the slain, and the unerring arrows carried death above the guarding shield. Athelstan's sword dropped in the press, but as Otho, Archbishop of Canterbury, entreated the heavenly aid, a sword of celestial potency filled the empty sheath, and with it Athelstan fought until night closed upon the scene.
As the day was drawing towards eventide, with the wild war-wrestle at its maddest, and the song of the fiery Northman rolling like thunder over the field, now heaped with slain and wounded men, for the front ranks had been mown down, and renewed again and again, Turketul headed a veteran corps of spearmen, and made an irresistible charge upon the Scots. Vainly Constantine strove to hold his ground; his fierce Scots were over-weighted, broken, and borne down. Anlaf's Northmen were dismayed, and gave ground. Turketul charged them; a brief, fierce struggle ensued; then he penetrated their ranks; flight commenced; the field was covered with fugitives; the Northmen anxiously striving to regain their nailed barks, and crowd all sail for Ireland.
Then pressed the West Saxons hard on "the footsteps of the loathed nations." "They hewed the fugitives behind, amain, with swords mill-sharp," while on the battle-stead lay five "youthful kings, and seven eke of Anlaf's earls."
"Constantine, hoary warrior, he had no cause to exult in the communion of swords. Here was his kindred band of friends o'erthrown on the falkstead, in battle slain; and his son he left on the slaughter-place, mangled with wounds, young in the fight."
The slaughter was dreadful, but the throne of Athelstan was secured, and his northern subjects humbled. He left behind him a terrible carnage field,
"the sallowy kite the corse to devour, and the swarthy raven with horned nib, and the dusky 'pada' erne white-tailed, the corse to enjoy, greedy war-hawk, and the grey beast, wolf of the wood. Carnage greater has not been in this island ever yet of people slain, before this, by edges of swords, as books us say, old writers, since from the east hither, Angles and Saxons came to land, o'er the broad seas Britain sought, mighty war-smiths, the Welsh o'ercame, earls most bold, this earth obtained."
In later years Anlaf obtained considerable successes over King Edmund, and the northern provinces were ceded to him; but scarcely had he obtained this high position ere death touched his brow, and kingly pride and vain ambition were overcome.
Despite the labours of Yorkshire and Lancashire antiquaries, the locality of Brunanburgh must be regarded as unascertained, and no evidence has been produced that can justify its inclusion in the list of Yorkshire battles.
XXII.--FIGHT OFF FLAMBOROUGH HEAD.
A.D. 1779.
In the years 1778 and 1779 British commerce suffered severely from the attacks of Paul Jones.
In September of the latter year he cruised along the East coast with the "Bonne Homme Richard," 40 guns, 375 men; the "Alliance," 40 guns, 300 men; the "Pallas," 32 guns, 275 men; and the "Vengeance," 12 guns, 70 men. On the 20th of September, Bridlington was alarmed by an express stating that Paul Jones was off Scarborough; that evening he was seen by the fishermen of Flamborough, and a fleet of merchantmen crowded into Bridlington bay, and the harbour was soon thronged with vessels, a number being chained alongside the piers. The townsfolks mustered, rudely armed, and supported the two companies of Northumberland Militia, who marched to the quay with drums beating.
The Baltic fleet, with a freight valued at £600,000 pounds, was approaching the coast, convoyed by the "Serapis," 40 guns, captain, Pearson; and the "Countess of Scarborough," 20 guns, captain, Piercy. On Thursday, September 23rd, the fleet approached Scarborough, and was warned by the bailiff that the enemy was in the neighbourhood. Captain Pearson then signalled the fleet to bear down upon his lee, but the ships continued their course. About noon a scene of confusion ensued as the leading ships perceived the enemy bearing down upon them. The two captains hoisted all sail, prepared for action, and took the post of danger.
Twilight was closing over waves and cliff when, at about twenty minutes past seven, the "Serapis" challenged the "Bonne Homme Richard," and saluted him with a cannon shot. The American flag was run up, and the shot returned. Captain Pearson delivered a broadside, which was returned, and for some time the battle was carried on by repeated discharges of cannon. The moon arose with unusual brilliancy, and the natives of Flamborough thronged to the cliffs to witness the exciting scene. Paul Jones attempted to board, but with bayonet, pike, and cutlass the British tars maintained their decks, and the "Bonne Homme Richard" sheered off. An attempt to lay the "Serapis" square with her adversary was foiled, and the "Bonne Homme Richard" was laid across the bows of the "Serapis." With cannon and small arms a murderous conflict was maintained, then the jib-boom of the "Serapis" gave way, and the ships fell broadside to broadside, with yard-arms locked; swaying and reeling as they ripped up each other's sides with repeated broadsides, although the muzzles of the cannons touched, and many of the port-lids were torn away.
The night closed in, and the conflict continued. The decks of the "Serapis" were swept by shot, covered with the slain and wounded. For two hours her crew maintained the fight with heroic courage. Combustibles were thrown upon her decks, ten times she took fire; a hand-grenade exploded a cartridge, and the explosion ran along the line of guns where the cartridges lay, abaft the mainmast. Many men were killed or wounded, and the guns remained unfought to the end.
During this murderous work the "Alliance" sailed round and round the combatants, and raked the "Serapis" with successive broadsides.
On a cry for quarter being raised, Captain Pearson boarded the "Bonne Homme Richard," but at once retired on perceiving a numerous party of the enemy lying in ambush. The battle re-commenced, when the "Alliance" again raked the "Serapis," inflicting dreadful slaughter, and bringing down the mainmast.
The "Serapis" was little better than a wreck, and the old flag was reluctantly hauled down. Paul Jones received the conquered enemy most courteously. Without the aid of the "Alliance" the "Bonne Homme Richard" would have been captured. She was on fire in two places, the guns on her lower deck were dismounted, and she had seven feet of water in her hold. Out of her crew of 375 men, 306 were killed and wounded. The total loss of the two English ships did not reach half that number. On the following day the "Bonne Homme Richard" was abandoned, and, before all her wounded could be removed, went to the bottom.
The "Countess of Scarborough" fought the "Pallas" and "Vengeance" for upwards of two hours, and only struck when a third vessel bore down upon her.
The King of France presented Paul Jones with a gold-hilted sword, and requested the American Government to sanction the bestowal of the military Order of Merit upon the gallant adventurer.
Captain Pearson was knighted, and was rewarded by the merchants for saving the Baltic fleet. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Greenwich, and received the Freedom of the corporations of Hull, Scarborough, Appleby, and Dover.
Index.
Adela, daughter of William I., 56
Adelwald, King of Deira, 8-10
Aire, River, 8, 99, 185
Airedale, 99
Albany, Duke of, 142
Albemarle, William, 3rd Earl of, 61, 66
Alberic, Bishop of Ostia, 73
Aldred, Archbishop of York, 43
Alexander II., King of Scotland, 79, 80
Alexander III., King of Scotland, 79
Alfred, King of the North-Humbrians, 10, 11
Alfred, King of England, 20
Alnwick Castle, 76
Alred, 70
Alured, Lieut., 191
Alured, Captn., 191
Anlaf, 216-220
Annandale, Robert Bruce, Lord of, 64-66
Appleby, 225
Archer, John, 156
Arundel, Edmund Fitz-Alan, 2nd Earl of, 100
Aske, Robert, 175
Aspall, 159-160
Athelstan, King of Mercia, 13, 216-220
Atkinson, Captn., 179
Audley, John Touchet, 6th Lord, 152
Avon, River, 100
Badlesmere, Bartholomew, 1st Lord de, 103-4
Baird, Captn., John, 214
Baldwin V., Earl of Flanders, 18
Baldwinson, Ensign, 189
Baliol, Bernard de, 61, 64-66, 76
Baliol, Edward, King of Scotland, 138
Ballinson, Ensign, 189
Bamborough Castle, 50-51, 172
Banbury, 81
Bangor, Bishop of, 147
Bardolph, Thomas, 5th Lord, 143-7
Barfleur, 54
Battles: Adwalton Moor, 193-5
Agincourt, 124, 137, 148
Bannockburn, 83, 103
Barnet, 173
Beaujé, 149
Bloreheath, 152
Boroughbridge, 107-110
Bosworth, 174
Bramham Moor, 145-6
Brunanburgh, 13-14, 217-220
Byland Abbey, 122-128
Cressy, 124
Durham, or Neville's Cross, 133
Ebberston, 11
Evesham, 158
Falkirk, 103
off Flamborough, 222-5
Fulford, 24
Hastings, or Senlac, 27, 37-41, 53
Hedgeley Moor, 172
Hexham, 172
Homildon, 142
Hull, 196-8
Leeds, 183-6
Marston Moor, 202
Mortimer's Cross, 162-3
Myton Meadows, 95-8
Northampton, 154
Otterburn, 135
Pavia, 137
Radcot Bridge, 139
Sandal, or Wakefield-Green, 157-162
Selby, 199-201
Shrewsbury, 142
St. Albans (first), 150-1
St. Albans (second), 164-5
Stamford Bridge, 15, 25-34
Standard, the, 51
Stoke, 137, 174
Tadcaster, 180-182
Tewkesbury, 173
Towton, 166-172
Wakefield, 188-191
Winwidfield, 8-10
Beaumont, Captn., 185
Bellasis, Col., 199-202
Benedict, a rich Jew of York, 77
Benson, Captn.-Lieut., 189
Beorne, Earl, 43
Bernefield, Sir Roger, 110
Berwick, 83-93, 103, 130, 144
Beverley, 128, 134, 148, 178, 196
Bingley, 181
Bishopthorpe, 144
Blacklow, 100
Blanche Nef, 54
Bland, Sir Thomas, 189
Blount, Sir Thomas, 156
Bonville, William, 1st Lord, 165
Bootham, 171
Boroughbridge, 84, 95, 107-111, 114-115, 117, 128, 204
Bourchier, Edward, 161
Bosworth, Battle of, 174
Bradburne, Henry de, 113
Bradford, 181, 183, 188, 190, 192, 194
Bramham Moor, 145
Brember, Sir Nicholas, 139
Brian, son of Earl Alan Fergan, 55
Bridlington, 127, 187, 221
Bright, Col., 200
Bruce, Robert, Earl of Annandale, 64-66
Bruce, Robert, Earl of Carrick and King of Scotland, 83-5, 91-2, 106, 117-125, 128-130
Bruce, David, King of Scotland, 133
Buchan, Earl of, 149
Buckingham, Duchess of, 152
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of, 150-151
Burgh, Hubert de, 79
Burgh-on-Sands, 81, 102
Burton-upon-Trent, 105
Byland Abbey, 118, 122-7, 130
Cadwalla, King of the West Britons, 7
Calais, 153-4
Cambridge, Richard Plantagenet, 4th Earl of, 148
Canterbury, Wm. Corbois, Archbishop of, 57
Canterbury, Thos. Fitz-Alan (alias Arundel), Archbishop of, 140
Canterbury, Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of, 155
Canute, King of England, 18, 41
Carlisle, 49, 58, 70-73, 128-130
Carmichael, Sir John, 149
Carnabie, Sergt.-Major, 189
Carr, Major, 179
Carr, Sergt.-Major, 189
Carr, Captn., 189
Carr, Ensign, 189
Castleford, 99
Chapter of Mitton, 98
Charles I., King of England, 177-179, 203
Cheney, William, 113
Chop Head Loaning, 115
Cinque Ports, 85
Clarence, Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Duke of, 148-9
Clarence, George Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of, 159, 174
Clay, Thomas, 152
Cleveland, 143
Clifford, Sir Roger, 110
Clifford, Thomas de Clifford, 8th Lord, 150-1
Clifford, John de Clifford, 9th Lord, 158-162, 166
Clinton, John de Clinton, 5th Lord, 152
Clitheroe, 64
Cobham, Sir Ralph, 125
Cock, River, 170
Coifi, a pagan priest 5-6
Colt, Thomas, 152
Constable of England (Duke of Northumberland), 141
Constable, Sir Robert, 175
Constantine, King of Scotland, 217-219
Conway Castle, 141
Conyers, Sir John, 152
Copeland, John, Esquire, 133
Cornwall, Piers de Gaveston, Earl of, 81-2, 100-2
Cospatrick, 4th Earl of Northumberland, 44, 52
Coventry, 140, 152
Crab, John, a Flemish engineer, 88-90
Croft, Captn., 189
Cromwell, John de, 127,
Cromwell, Oliver, 196, 206, 208-13, 215
Cuichelm, King of the West Saxons, 4
Culross, 121
Cumberland, 179
Cumin, William, Chancellor of Scotland, 73
Dacres, Ralph, 1st Lord, 171
Dacres, Sir Francis, 214
Dalkeith Castle, 135
Danthorpe, Matthew, hermit, 141
Darcy, Thomas, 1st Lord, 175
David I., King of Scotland, 55, 58-60, 63, 64-5, 71-2
David II., King of Scotland, 133
Dedington Castle, 81
Deira-field, Castle of, 11
Denman, Sir John, 168
Denton, Sir Richard de, 129
Denton, 181
Derwent, River, 3, 127
Despenser, Sir Hugh, 112, 113, 127, 129
Despenser, Hugh, Earl of Winchester, 112, 113, 127, 129
Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, 14th Earl of, 171
Devonshire, Humphrey Stafford, 15th Earl of, 173
Deynville, 113
Doncaster, 7, 140, 172
Dovenald, 68-9
Douglas, Sir James, 83-4, 91-3, 95-6, 102, 105-6, 119, 125-6, 132
Douglas, James, Earl of, 135-6
Douglas, Archibald (Tine-man) Earl of, 142
Dryburgh, 121
Dunstable, 164
Durham, Geoffrey Ruffus, Bishop of, 73
Durham, 47-9, 52, 58, 144
Edgar Atheling, 20, 43, 49
Edward, the Confessor, King of England, 16-20, 59
Edward I., King of England, 80, 81, 83, 85, 102, 112
Edward II., King of England, 81, 83-88, 90, 92-93, 100-7, 111-2, 117-8, 120-1, 124, 126-7, 128, 130
Edward III., King of England, 131-3, 135
Edward IV., King of England, 163, 165-174
Edward V., King of England, 174
Edward VI., King of England, 175
Edwin, King of Northumbria, 3-8
Edwin Earl of Northumbria, 17, 19, 21, 23-5, 52
Egbert, Archbishop of York, 44
Ella, Usurper of Northumbria, 12-3
Ely, John Hotham, Bishop of, 98
Espec, Walter l', 61, 66
Exeter, Henry Holland, 4th Duke of, 156, 164
Fairfax, Ferdinand, 2nd Lord, 179-187, 193-7, 199-200, 202-6
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 179-202, 206, 210-11
Fairfax, Sir William, 184-5, 188, 190-1
Fauconberg, William Neville, 7th Lord, 167-8
Fitz-John, Eustace, 63-73
Fleming, Nicholas, Mayor of York, 92-5, 98
Foulis, Sir Henry, 188, 190-1
Gaunt, John of, 2nd Duke of Lancaster, 140-1
Gaveston, Piers de, 81-2, 100-2, 113
Gifford, Major-General John, 181, 188, 190-1, 193-4
Glemham, Sir Thomas, 179
Gloucester, Robert, 1st Earl of, 55-6, 75
Gloucester, Thomas Plantagenet, 1st Duke of, 135
Gloucester, Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of, 159, 174
Goring, Lord George, 183, 187, 188-9, 191, 206-7
Hanson, Richard, Mayor of Hull, 159
Harcla, Sir Andrew, 1st Earl of Carlisle, 107-8, 110, 114-5, 128-30
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, 15, 21-32
Harold, King of England, 15-18, 20-3, 26-9, 31-7, 39-41, 43
Henrietta, Queen of Charles I., 187
Henry I., King of England, 53-8
Henry II., King of England, 75-6
Henry III., King of England, 79-80, 101
Henry IV., King of England, 141-4, 155, 164-5
Henry V., King of England, 137, 148, 153, 155
Henry VI., King of England, 150-5, 160, 165, 171-3
Henry VII., King of England, 174-5
Henry VIII., King of England, 175-6
Henry, Prince, of Scotland, 63, 65, 69-70, 72
Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of, 100, 105-6, 109-10, 114
Hereford, Henry Plantagenet, 1st Duke of, 139-41
Hereward le Wake, 42, 48, 52
Hessay Moor, 204
Hinguar, a Danish chief 12-3
Holland, Sir John, 13th Earl of Huntingdon and 1st Duke of Exeter, 134-5
Hotham, Sir John, 177-8, 187, 192, 195
Hotham, Captn. John, 183, 187, 190, 192
Houghton, Sir Gilbert, 208
Hubba, a Danish chief, 12, 13
Hull, Kingston-upon-, 80, 140, 175, 177-8, 187, 192, 195, 199, 225
Hungerford, Robert, 3rd Lord, 155, 172
Ireland, Robert Vere, Ninth Earl of Oxford, and First Duke of, 139
Isabella, Queen of Edward II., 92, 103-4, 131
John, King of England, 78, 79
John, Prince, First Duke of Bedford, 143
Jones, Paul, 221-5
Keith, Sir William, of Galston, 84
Kent, Edmund Plantagenet, Fourth Earl of, 127
Kyriel, Sir Thomas, 165
Lacy, Ilbert de, 61
Lancaster, Thomas Plantagenet, Second Earl of, 100-1, 104-114, 116, 129
Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Second Duke of, 140-1
Lancaster, Henry Plantagenet, Third Duke of, 141
Leeds, 6, 183-5, 187-9, 195
Leeds Castle, Kent, 103-4
Leven, Earl of, 199, 206
Lincoln, John de la Pole, Ninth Earl of, 137, 174
London, 20, 57, 147, 154, 163-165, 178, 189
Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely, 178
Lucas, Sir Charles, 206-7, 214
MacDonoquhy, William, 64, 65
Malcolm III., King of Scotland, 21, 47, 50
Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, 76
Malcolm II., King of Scotland, 76
Malise, Earl of Strathearn, 65
Manchester, Earl of, 202, 205-6, 209-11
March, Edmund Mortimer, Fifth Earl of, 148
March, Edward, Titulary Earl of, 152-3, 156-7, 159, 162-3, 165
Margaret of Anjou, 150-1, 154-5, 159-60, 164, 167, 171-3
Matilda, daughter of Henry I., 55-58, 75
Matilda, Queen of Stephen, 73
Meldrum, Sir John, 178, 197, 200
Melton, William de, Archbishop of York, 92-4, 96, 98
Montacute, John Neville, First Marquis of, 173
Morkar, First Earl of Northumberland, 17-18, 21, 23, 24-5, 52
Mortimer, Edmund, Fifth Earl of March, 142
Mowbray, Roger de Mowbray, Second Lord de, 61
Mowbray, John de Mowbray, Second Lord de, 113, 114
Mowbray, Thomas de, Sixth Lord, 143-4
Newcastle, 58, 76, 81, 85, 135, 171
Newcastle, Marquis of, 180-2, 186, 192-4, 196-9, 202, 204, 207, 209, 212
Newport, Earl, 178