Part 8

There is at present very little direct promotion open to the Domestic Subjects' teacher in elementary schools. In London there are practising-centres for students in training, and training centres for teachers during the probationary period, the managers of which hold very responsible posts that carry extra salary. The inspecting staff is usually chosen from teachers of experience, but this is necessarily limited in numbers, vacancies occurring only rarely. The salary attached to these posts is from £150 to £300. Many good posts in the Colonies have been obtained by Domestic Subjects' teachers in elementary schools. Some teachers have become foreign missionaries, Children's Care Committee visitors, or home mission workers and visitors. Some have established model laundries, others have taken charge of students' hostels and boarding-houses; while many have been successful in the needle-trades, luncheon and tea-rooms, and in lecturing and demonstrating for gas and electric companies.

Several organisations for self-protection and the advancement of the profession are open to teachers of Domestic Subjects. The Association of Teachers of Domestic Subjects was founded in 1896, and has done valuable work for the members. It is affiliated to the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutes, and is thus enabled to obtain good legal advice. A representative has been appointed to sit on the Council for the Registration of Teachers. The Association is helping to educate public opinion, and to review and consider the pedagogy of domestic subjects in all classes of schools. Domestic Subjects' teachers are also admitted to membership of other Teachers' Associations, which safeguard the interest of their members and offer advantages for training and travelling. Members of the Association of Teachers of Domestic Subjects have the right to join for the purposes of the Insurance Act the "Approved" section of the Secondary, Technical and University Teachers' Provident Society. The London County Council has secured "exception" from the Act for their Domestic Subjects' teachers, their allowance for sick leave being better than the provisions of the Act. The Association of Teachers of Domestic Subjects has obtained special terms for members from two assurance companies for deferred annuities or endowment assurances. The London Teachers' Association has also a provident section.

We have seen that Domestic Arts may now claim a position of importance in both the elementary and secondary school curricula, and that the teaching of these subjects may rank as a profession in which there is a great deal of scope. The attitude of mind towards these subjects has much changed during the last few years, largely owing to the efforts of those who have taken them up as subjects of scientific study. Much, however, remains to be done, both in organising the teaching in schools, and in the training of teachers in domestic subjects. Only those who have had scientific training, are competent to put the work on a sound scientific basis.

[Footnote 1: An interesting sidelight on economic conditions is afforded by the instructions issued by the London County Council for the guidance of teachers of Domestic Subjects (Syllabus of Instruction in Domestic Economy. Revised, March 1912). The girls are to be taught account-keeping in order to "cultivate a well-balanced sense of proportion in spending and saving. ... Weekly incomes suitable for consideration in London, to begin with, are 35s., £3, and 28s. taken in that order." The number in family is supposed to be six, _i.e.,_ parents and four children.

The obvious inference is that experts do not find it possible to deal satisfactorily with cases in which there are, say, six children and an income of 25s. An income of £1 a week is not even mentioned, though many a London school-girl must know "in the last three years of her school-life" that her mother has not more than this to spend. Translated into concrete quantities of food, clothing, and rent, this "living wage" is found insufficient for daily needs. The teacher therefore is encouraged to ignore the economic conditions of most of her pupils. [EDITOR]. ]

TABLE I.

Cost and duration of courses for the first degree in the Faculties of Arts and Science, together with Scholarships in those Faculties available for Women at the Universities and University Colleges[1] of the United Kingdom.

_NOTES_.

1. Scholarships, etc., printed in _italics_ are available for Women only.

2. Scholarships, etc., printed in #black type# are not restricted to graduates of any one University.

3. County Council and Borough Scholarships are included only when tenable at a specified University or College. Particulars of others should in each case be obtained from the respective Director or Secretary of the Education Committee.

4. No scholarship or prize is included of which the value is less than £15.

[Footnote 1: University Colleges are those in receipt of a Government Grant and doing work of a University standard. Thus the Polytechnics and Colleges such as the Albert Memorial College, Exeter, are not included, although they prepare students for degree examinations.]

#ENGLAND#.

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.

Duration of Pass Course in Arts or Science: 3 years. Duration of Honours (M.A., M.Sc.) in Arts or Science: 4 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: 54 guineas for the course. Cost of Tuition in Science: From 47 guineas to £186, 2s. for the course, according to subjects chosen. Cost of Residence (optional): From 40 to 55 guineas per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. Entrance(2) Not more than £25 1 year Fentham's Trust £75 3 years Awarded on to candidates who have resided for 5 years in the City of Birmingham University(2) £30 1 year Science University(2) £30 1 year Arts University(15) Free tuition and not more than £30 maintenance 4 years Theodore Mander £24 2-3 years Open to sons and daughters of burgesses of Wolverhampton, and awarded to those intending to take Degree Courses in the Faculties of Science of Commerce Polytechnic(2) £45 _circa_ 3 years Ascough £36 _circa_ 1 year Chemistry (renewable) George Henry £45 3 years Classics Marshall German £50 -- Offered each year for 5 years from 1913. Education Committee £50 3 years Major(5) Corbett £28 _circa_ 1 year For 2nd year students. Mathematics.

#Post-Graduate# University(4) £50 1 year Arts and Science Research(4) £50 1 year Arts and Science Priestley(3) £96 _circa_ 1 year Chemistry Research (renewable) 1851 Exhibition £150 2 years Scientific Research

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL.

Duration of Course in Arts or Science, Pass or Honours: 3 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: 18 guineas per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: 20 guineas per annum. Cost of Residence (optional) at Clifton Hill House: 40 guineas per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. Bursaries, variable Tuition fees and in number maintenance grant 1 year Awarded (to children of Bristol ratepayers only) according to qualification Vincent Stuckey Lean Interest on Science Scholarship £1,000 1 year

#Post-Graduate.# _Catherine Winkworth_ £30 1 year Arts _Catherine Winkworth_ £30 1 year Science Capper Pass Scholarship £25 1 year Metallurgy Hugh Conway Scholarship £20 1 year English Literature

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The only University Scholarships for which women are eligible are the Arnold Gerstenberg Studentship (income of £2,000) for Philosophical Research and the Benn W. Levy Studentship for Research in Biological Chemistry (£100 a year). Scholarships at Girton and Newnham are for women only.

The University does not grant degrees to women.

GIRTON COLLEGE.

Duration of Course in Arts or Science: 3 years. (Pass candidates are not accepted.)

Cost of Course: £105 per annum, including tuition, examinations, and residence. For out-students the fees are £12 a term.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. _Jane Agnes Chessar_ Not less than £88 4 years Classics _Russell Gurney_ £40 3 years History _Sir Francis Goldsmid_ £45 3 years _Mary Anne Leighton_ About £16 3 years _Barbara Leigh Smith_ About £44 3 years _Bodichon_ _Todd Memorial_ About £35 3 years _Higgins_ £40 3 years _Henry Tomkinson_ At least £20 3 years _Clothworkers_ £60 3 years _Skinners_ £50 3 years _Gilchrist_ £50 3 years Also tenable at Newnham _Queen's School,_ £30 3 years _Chester_ _Dove_ £20 3 years For girls from St. Leonard's School, St. Andrew's. Classics

#For Certified Students# _Gilchrist Studentship_ £100 1 year For Professionals. Open to Students at Newnham and Girton _Old Girtonians'_ Not less than _Studentship_ £48 1 year _John Elliot Cairnes_ Not less than £58 1 year For research in Political Economy or Economic History _Sir Arthur Arnold_ £30 1 year _Harkness_ About £70 1 year Geology. Also tenable at Newnham. Awarded biennially

#Fellowships.# _Pfeiffer_ £120 2 years #Girton College# £300 Various Open to students of all Universities

#Prizes.# _Gamble_ Interest on £500 _Therese Montifiore_ Interest on £1,700

NEWNHAM COLLEGE.

Duration of Course in Arts or Science: 3 years (Pass candidates are not accepted).

Cost of Course: From £90 to £105 per annum, including tuition, examinations, and residence. For out-students the fees are £12 a term.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. _College_(2) £50 3 years _Clothworhers_ £50 3 years _College_(1 or more) £35 3 years _Classical_ £50 3 years Also tenable at Girton _Modern Languages_ £50 3 years Also tenable at Girton _Liverpool Clough_ £50 2-3 years For those entering the teaching profession, only _Gilchrist_ £50 3 years Also tenable at Girton _Mary Ewart_ £100 3 years For students who have been in residence three terms _Harkness_ £70 1 year Geology. Also tenable at Girton. Awarded biennially

#Certificated Students# _Arthur Hugh Clough_ £40 1 year _Mary Ewart_ £150 1 year Travelling scholarship _Gilchrist_ £100 1 year Tenable only by those entering a profession. Held alternate years at Newnham and Girton #Bathurst# £75 or under 1 year Awarded from time to time for proficiency in Natural Science. Not restricted to Newnham students _Marion Kennedy_ £80 1 year Holder eligible for 2nd _Studentship_ year

#Fellowships.# _Associates_(2) £100 1 year Awarded alternate years _Mary Bateson_ £100 1 year _"N"_ £100 1 year

#Prizes.# _Creighton_ £15 Awarded for an essay on _Memorial_ History or Archaeology

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.

DURHAM COLLEGE.

Duration of Course in Arts: Pass 2 years; Honours, 3 years. Duration of Course in Science: Pass and Honours, 3 years. Cost of Tuition, Arts and Science: £21 per annum. Cost of Residence in Abbey House (optional): From £12 to £16 a term.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance.#

Foundation Scholarships £70 1 year May be renewed. Arts Foundation Scholarships £40 1 year May be renewed Foundation Scholarships £30 1 year May be renewed Entrance Exhibitions(2) £20 1 year May be renewed Pears Scholarship £50 3 years Arts _Scholarships_(2) £70 1 year _Scholarships_(2) £30 1 year Exhibitions(2) £20 2 years Persons of limited means

#Undergraduate.# Scholarships(2) £30 1 year 2nd year students Scholarships(2) £30 1 year 2nd year students Gisborne Scholarship £30 1 year 2nd year students University Classical £30 1 year Scholarship University Mathematical £30 1 year Scholarship University Hebrew £20 1 year Scholarship Thorp Scholarship £20 1 year Newby Scholarship £18 2 or 3 yrs. Arts Scholarships(3) £20 1 year Modern B.A.

#Prizes.# Gibson £20 Essay

ARMSTRONG COLLEGE, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

Duration of Pass Course in Arts or Science: 3 years. Duration of Honour Course in Arts or Science: 3 to 4 years. Cost of Tuition: £20 per annum. There is no Hall of Residence.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance.# Exhibition £20 1-2 years Science Exhibition £15 1-2 years Science Exhibitions(2) £15 1-2 years Arts Newcastle-upon-Tyne Free admission to a Open to candidates Corporation degree course resident in Newcastle. Exhibitions(10) 2 years Arts (renewable) Newcastle-upon-Tyne Free admission to a Open to candidates Corporation degree course resident in Newcastle. Exhibitions(10) 2 years Arts (renewable) Newcastle-upon-Tyne Free admission to a Open to candidates Corporation degree course resident in Newcastle. Exhibitions(10) 2 years Science (renewable) Gateshead Corporation Free admission to a Open to candidates Exhibitions(10) degree course resident in Gateshead. 2 years (renewable)

#Undergraduate.#

Junior Pemberton £30 and remission of Awarded on the results of two-thirds of the the first B.Sc. class fees 1 year examination Thomas Young Hall £20 with remission of Awarded on the results two-thirds of the of the first B.Sc. class fees 3 years examination Nathaniel Clerk £15 1 year Awarded on the results of the first B.Sc. examination Senior Pemberton £40 and fees 1 year Candidates must have passed the first B.Sc. examination

#Post-Graduate.# Research Studentships(2) £62, 10s 1 year 1851 Exhibition £150 2 years Science 1851 Exhibition Probationary Bursaries £70 1 year Science Research

Johnston Chemical £60 1 year Open to Bachelors of Science of any British University of not more than 3 years' standing

#Fellowships.# College £125 1 year Pemberton £120 3 years Open to graduates in Science of Durham University of not more than 6 years' standing from their first degree

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.

Duration of Pass Course, Arts or Science: 3 years. Duration of Honour Course, Arts or Science: 3 to 4 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: £19 per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: £27 per annum. Cost of Residence at University Hall (optional): From £32 to £41 per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. Emsley £20 2 years Edward Baines £20 2 years Charles Wheatley £25 3 years Arts William Summers £35 3 years Arts Brown £40 2 years Science (renewable) Senior City(14) £50 3 years Open to candidates of not (renewable) less than 17 and not more than 30 years of age County Major £55 _circa_ 3 years Open to candidates of not (West Riding)(14) less than 16 and not more than 30 years of age Free Studentships Tuition Fees 3 years (West Riding) Major (North Riding)(4) £60 1-3 years Open to women of not less than 16 and not more than 20 years of age Scholarships (East £60 1-3 years Riding) Salt £20 2 years Arts City Council Not specified

#Post-Graduate.# 1851 Exhibition £150 2 years Science University (limited £25 1-2 years Awarded ordinarily on number) Final Honours Examinations Gilchrist £80 1 year Modern Languages John Rutson £70 1 year Arts (renewable)

#Fellowships.# University £100 1 year

UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.

Duration of Pass Course in Arts or Science: 3 years. Duration of Honour Course in Arts: 3 to 4 years. Duration of Honour Course in Science: 4 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: £19 per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: £25 per annum. Cost of Residence in University Hall (optional): From 35 to 50 guineas a session.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.