Part 12

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance and Undergraduate.# Foundation Bursaries(4) £20 4 years Foundation Bursary(1) £50 4 years Patrick Kidd £32 3 years William Byers £39 3 or 4 years Preference given to students of Mairs and Strathmartine. Arts Russell(6) £30 (5) } 3 years Arts and Science £40 (1) } Simson(6) £20 (5) } 3 years £30 (1) } _Valentine_ £25 3 years Restricted to women residing in the County of Fife, Ross or Cromarty, or in village of Findhorn, Morayhire Fife, Clackmannan, and £5 3 or 4 years Restricted to students Kinross Bursary coming from the above counties Wilkie £19 4 years Henry £15 4 years Madras £20 4 years Fairweather £25 3 years Arts or Science. For pupils from any school in Dundee Blyth(2) £20 3 years George Scott £27 3 or 4 years Arts. Restricted to applicants who are natives of the Parishes of Dull, Weem, Logierait in Perthshire Wood of Orkie £20 3 or 4 years Restricted to pupils who have attended public or state-aided schools in the Parishes of Newburn, Kilconquhar, Scoonie, Largo, Kennoway, Elie, Largoward _Lumsden_ £35 1 to 3 years For women students educated at St Leonard's School, St Andrews Ramsay £40 4 years Baxter(2) £21 2 years For 2nd year students Cheape(2) £23 3 years For 2nd year students Thomas Thow £50 1 year Arts. For 2nd year students natives of and resident in Dundee or the County of Forfar Stephen Williamson £47 1 year For 4th year Honours students Smeaton £20 1 year For 4th year Honours students

#Post-Graduate.#

Bruce and Falkland £50 2 years Berry £80 1 year May be continued for 2nd year. Arts or Science Grants(6) £20 1 year For students entering on Course of Training for Secondary Teachers

#Prizes.# Miller(2) £30 Arts and Science Arnott(2) £20 and £10 Chancellor's £21 Essay

DUNDEE COLLEGE.

Duration of Course in Arts: Pass, 3 years; Honours, 4 years. Duration of Course in Science: Pass or Honours: 3 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: £10, 10s. per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: £21 per annum. Cost of Residence in Mayfield Hostel (optional): £1 per week.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance.# Armitstead £20-£15 1 year David Myles -- -- Entrance Scholarships(9) £15 1 year Educational Endowment £25 3 years

#Undergraduate.# Bursaries(11) £15 to £20 1 year For second and third year Bursaries(8) £15 to £20 1 year For fourth and subsequent years Bute Bursary Income of £1,000 3 years

#Post-Graduate.# William Strong(2 Income of £3,240 or more) 1 year

#Prizes.# Gladstone Memorial £20 (in books) Essay

WALES

UNIVERSITY OF WALES

Scholarships, etc., not connected exclusively with one College.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Undergraduate#. Price Davies £30 2 years Tenable at Aberystwyth or Scholarship(2) Bangor

#Post-Graduate#. University £125 2 years Fellowships(3) University £65 2 years Awarded on nomination by Studentships(6) the Colleges Eyton Williams £65 2 years Studentships(6) #Isaac Roberts# £150 1 year Open to graduates of any #Scholarship# (renewable) University in the United Kingdom. Science. Tenable at Cardiff 1851 Science Scholarship £150 2 years Tenable at any approved institution Gilchrist Modern £80 1 year Open to graduates Language Studentship intending to teach Modern Languages. Tenable abroad

ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.

Duration of Pass Course in Arts or Science: 3 years. Duration of Honour Course in Arts or Science: 3 to 4 years. Cost of Tuition in Arts: £12 per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: £16 per annum. Cost of Residence in Alexandra Hall (optional): From £11,11s. to £17, 17s. per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance and Undergraduate#. David Davies £40 1 year Entrance (renewable) Open £40 1 year Entrance (renewable) Visitor's £15 1 year Entrance (renewable)

Commercial Travellers of £20 1 year Entrance North Wales (renewable)

Scholarship(1) £20 1 year Confined to students (renewable) intending to proceed to the Degree of B.Sc. in Agriculture and Rural Economy Brereton £15 1 year Entrance (renewable) _Elizabeth Davies_ £20 1 year Entrance. (renewable) Limited to women natives of Cardiganshire or Carmarthenshire Cynddelw Welsh £20 1 year For students undertaking Scholarship to pursue a course of Welsh study Humphreys Owen £20 1 year (renewable) For natives of Montgomeryshire

#Post-Graduate.# Keeling Resewell £40 1 year Scholarship

Thomas Davies £54 1 year For Research work in Chemistry or Agriculture

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES (BANGOR).

Cost of Tuition in Arts or Science: £12 per annum. Cost of Residence in University Hall (optional): £25 to £42 per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance and Undergraduate.# Eyton Williams £40 3 years Eyton Williams £30 3 years Eyton Williams £20 3 years Exhibition Piercey £30 3 years Confined to candidates from Flintshire or Denbighshire Richard Hughes £50 1 year Isaac Roberts(2) £50 Not less than 1 yr.

#Post-Graduate.# Osborne Morgan £40 Not more Open to past and present than 3 years students

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE (CARDIFF).

Cost of Tuition in Arts: £10 to £12 per annum. Cost of Tuition in Science: £10 to £16 per annum. Cost of Residence in Aberdare Hall (optional): £34 to £43, 10s. per annum.

Scholarships, Bursaries, and Prizes.

Name. Value and Tenure. Remarks. #Entrance and Under-graduate.# Drapers' Company £35 1 year Science (renewable) Sir Alfred Thomas £20 3 years _Caroline Williams_ £25 3 years College £25 3 years Craddock Wells(5) £20 and 1 year Open to candidates under fees 19 years of age Studentships Fees and Open only to natives of maintenance Glamorgan and Monmouth, grant 3 years the City of Cardiff and the County Borough of Newport

#Post-Graduate.# Catherine Buckton £40 1 year

TABLE II.

In addition to the University Post-Graduate Studentships mentioned in the above table, the following Research Scholarships in Arts and Science, not restricted to graduates of any one University, are open to women:--

TABLE II.

In addition to the University Post-Graduate Studentships mentioned in the above table, the following Research Scholarships in Arts and Science, not restricted to graduates of any one University, are open to women:--

Subject. Title. By whom awarded. Restrictions (if any). Annual Value and Duration

Subject not fixed. A.K. Travelling A Board of Trustees who receive nominations British Subjects who are £600 and £60 for Fellowship from Vice-Chancellors of Universities in the University graduates books; 2 awarded United Kingdom, the President of the Royal annually for 1 year Society, and the President of the British Academy

Physical Science McKinnon Research Royal Society -- £150 for 2 years Fellowship

Biological Science McKinnon Research Royal Society -- £150 for 2 years Fellowship

Bio-Chemistry -- Lister Institute of Preventive Medecine -- £150 for 1 year, renewable for a 2nd year.

Bacteriology -- Lister Institute of Preventive Medecine -- £150 for 1 year, renewable for a 2nd year.

Physiology George Henry Lewes Special Trustees; application to Professor Investigator must be in need £200 for 3 years (renewable) Scholarship Langley, Cambridge of pecuniary help to prosecute research

Philosophy George Henry Lewes University of Toronto Graduates who have specialised £50 for 1 year Scholarship in Philosophy

Subject not fixed. _Price Fellowship_ Federation of University Women Women graduates who have £120 for 1 year already published the results of independent research

Natural Science Research Studentship Board of Agriculture and Fisheries Science graduates who are £150 for 3 years, part prepared to research in of which must be spent subjects under the purview abroad, and all 3 at of the Board, and afterwards approved institutions to adopt a career in agricultural science

Economics _Shaw Research_ London School of Economics -- £105 for 2 years

Economics Hutchinson Research London School of Economics -- £105 for 1 year

Natural Sciences _The Ellen Richards_ American Association for Advancement of Thesis 1,000 dollars _Research Prize_ Research Work by Women. Hon. Sec., (£204, 10s.) Mrs A.D. Mead, 283 Wayland Avenue, Providence, R.I.

SECTION II

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION INCLUDING DENTISTRY

I

MEDICINE AND SURGERY

It may be safely claimed that, although there is still much to be done, in medicine women have gained as good a position as in any other branch of labour.

One of the most important considerations in discussing any branch of women's work is what sort of women are suited for it. The following are the chief requisites for the medical profession:--

(1) The first and most important qualification is enthusiasm. It is impossible to follow this profession with success, unless it is work for which one has not only aptitude but also natural taste. It necessitates a very strenuous life, and many unpleasant details of work, which are unimportant to a person to whom the occupation is acceptable as a whole, but which would be quite insuperably disagreeable to any one to whom the total idea of life embodied in it was unattractive.

(2) Another very important qualification is a knowledge of men and things. A doctor must never forget that she is dealing primarily with human nature; certainly human nature which may be for a time unhinged, or the mechanism of which may not be working smoothly, but nevertheless with the human individual as a whole.

The so-called "bedside" manner which is the butt for so much ridicule is not so purely ridiculous as one might be tempted to think. Its basis is to be found in this very knowledge of human nature which is so essential, although the superstructure is often nothing more than vapid futility. In addition to this the ideal doctor should possess a trained scientific mind, and, of the two, the former is infinitely the more important, although the latter is very valuable, not only for itself, but for the training which it gives in "tidy" thinking.

(3) Good health. A sick doctor is an anomaly and many people prefer to be indifferently treated by some one who is cheerful and healthy, rather than have the most expert advice from a woeful person.

(4) A good general education is essential. This should include a certain amount of Latin, which is needed throughout medical work. The student must also possess the necessary capacity for acquiring knowledge. It is very usual to find among the general public--women in particular--an idea that a tremendous amount of a vague quality which they describe as "cleverness" is necessary in order to follow one of the learned professions. Certainly this is not so in medicine. It is, however, necessary to be possessed of average intelligence and a good memory, and it is difficult for people to pass the qualifying examinations if they have for many years given up "school work"--_i.e._, the habit of learning large numbers of new facts.

(5) Money. For three reasons: (i.) The training is expensive, (ii.) It is also strenuous, making a certain amount of margin for suitable recreation very desirable, (iii.) Earning capacity, although ultimately high, so far as women are concerned, is much delayed, and the work itself is one of considerable nerve-strain. It is, therefore, very important that economic worry should, if possible, be avoided.

Medicine is one of the few professions in which women receive as high remuneration as men. A very strenuous battle was fought between the public authorities and medical women on the subject of equal pay for equal work. All sorts of dodges have been used to get cheap woman labour, but, so far, the victory has been almost completely on the side of medical women. By the word "almost" is meant the fact, that if two or three posts of varying grades and remunerations are created under a health authority the woman nearly always gets the lowest, whatever her qualifications and experience. With this exception the victory has been complete, and this has been entirely due to two things:--

(1) The very able support given by the British Medical Association, which practically served as a Trade Union for doctors, stated the lowest rate of remuneration to be accepted, and kept a black list of posts which were advertised at salaries below this rate. The Association has throughout supported with absolute consistency, the principle of equal pay for equal work for the two sexes, and has helped us as medical women to fight many battles.

(2) The other factor has been the public spirit of the medical women concerned, without which nothing could have been done. One of the forms of public service most essential at the present day and for which the individual gets neither honour nor even thanks, is that of refusing "black leg" labour. It is generally admitted by those who have to deal with the question of salaries and conditions of work under public authorities, that medical women, as a whole, have shown at least as great public spirit as men in refusing unsatisfactory terms. To lose a post which would give one enough for one's own needs and which would mean so much more in the way of experience and adequate scope for one's energies, and to refuse it simply because it would lower the market rate of pay, is a very fine thing to do. Unless, however, this high tone is maintained the position of medical women will become as bad as that of some other working women. If, on the other hand, it can be maintained, the position already gained may be used as a very powerful lever in raising the rate of pay in other departments of women's work. There is sufficient support for us amongst medical men. Everything, therefore, depends upon the _personnel_ of the women doctors, and, as things become easier for the students, it becomes more and more difficult to convince the new recruits of the strenuousness of the fight in earlier years and of the need for constant vigilance and self-sacrifice at the present time.

Those who fought so nobly in the past have earned the lasting respect and gratitude of those who come after them. An account of their labours has been written by Mrs Isabel Thorne, and is called a "Sketch of the Foundation and Development of the London School of Medicine for Women."[1] It reads like a romance and shows the absolute determination and pluck which were needed by the women in order to gain their point. As one learns of the rebuffs and indignities which they endured, it reminds one of the struggle which is at the present time going on for the parliamentary vote. There is one thing which makes one inclined to "back the women every time," and that is their stupendous patience. A very short _résumé_ of the facts may not be out of place here. Miss Elizabeth Blackwell, English by birth but resident in America, succeeded in 1858 after much difficulty in obtaining the degree of M.D. of the University of Geneva, United States of America. She then applied to have her name placed upon the register of duly qualified medical practitioners of the General Medical Council of Great Britain and Ireland, and it was discovered to the dismay of the authorities that she could not be refused. The next step was taken by Miss Garrett, now Dr Garrett Anderson. She decided to qualify herself for the medical examinations of the Society of Apothecaries, London, who also, owing to the wording of their charter, were unable to refuse her, and in 1865 she successfully passed the required tests. In order, however, to prevent a recurrence of such "regrettable incidents," the society made a rule that in future no candidates should be admitted to their examinations unless they came from a recognised medical school, and, as no such school would admit women, this closed their doors.

In the meantime Miss Jex-Blake had applied to Edinburgh University for medical education, but had been refused on the score that it was impossible to make such alterations "in the interests of one lady." Mrs Thorne, Miss Chaplin, Miss Pechey, and Mrs de Lacy Evans then decided to join Miss Jex-Blake, thus making five instead of one. They were allowed to matriculate, but forced to form separate classes and to guarantee 100 guineas for each class. They were not, however, allowed to receive scholarships, to which their work would have entitled them, on the score that they were women. Mrs Thorne states that their "success in the examination lists was their undoing," as, owing to this, and to the fact that they were unjustly debarred from receiving the distinctions that they had gained, a great deal of bad feeling was aroused.