Chapter 2

AND GENERAL HOSPITALS.

CLARA HARLOWE BARTON.

Early life--Teaching--The Bordentown school--Obtains a situation in the Patent Office--Her readiness to help others--Her native genius for nursing--Removed from office in 1857--Return to Washington in 1861-- Nursing and providing for Massachusetts soldiers at the Capitol in April, 1861--Hospital and sanitary work in 1861--Death of her father-- Washington hospitals again--Going to the front--Cedar Mountain--The second Bull Run battle--Chantilly--Heroic labors at Antietam--Soft bread--Three barrels of flour and a bag of salt--Thirty lanterns for that night of gloom--The race for Fredericksburg--Miss Barton as a general purveyor for the sick and wounded--The battle of Fredericksburg-- Under fire--The rebel officer's appeal--The "confiscated" carpet--After the battle--In the department of the South--The sands of Morris Island-- The horrors of the siege of Forts Wagner and Sumter--The reason why she went thither--Return to the North--Preparations for the great campaign-- Her labors at Belle Plain, Fredericksburg, White House, and City Point-- Return to Washington--Appointed "General correspondent for the friends of paroled prisoners"--Her residence at Annapolis--Obstacles--The Annapolis plan abandoned--She establishes at Washington a "Bureau of records of missing men in the armies of the United States"--The plan of operations of this Bureau--Her visit to Andersonville--The case of Dorrance Atwater--The Bureau of missing men an institution indispensable to the Government and to friends of the soldiers--Her sacrifices in maintaining it--The grant from Congress--Personal appearance of Miss Barton. 111-132

HELEN LOUISE GILSON.

Early history--Her first work for the soldiers--Collecting supplies-- The clothing contract--Providing for soldiers' wives and daughters-- Application to Miss Dix for an appointment as nurse--She is rejected as too young--Associated with Hon. Frank B. Fay in the Auxiliary Relief Service--Her labors on the Hospital Transports--Her manner of working-- Her extraordinary personal influence--Her work at Gettysburg--Influence over the men--Carrying a sick comrade to the hospital--Her system and self-possession--Pleading the cause of the soldier with the people-- Her services in Grant's protracted campaign--The hospitals at Fredericksburg--Singing to the soldiers--Her visit to the barge of "contrabands"--Her address to the negroes--Singing to them--The hospital for colored soldiers--Miss Gilson re-organizes and re-models it, making it the best hospital at City Point--Her labors for the spiritual good of the men in her hospital--Her care for the negro washerwomen and their families--Completion of her work--Personal appearance of Miss Gilson. 133-148

MRS. JOHN HARRIS.

Previous history--Secretary Ladies' Aid Society--Her decision to go to the "front"--Early experiences--On the Hospital Transports--Harrison's Landing--Her garments soaked in human gore--Antietam--French's Division Hospital--Smoketown General Hospital--Return to the "front"-- Fredericksburg--Falmouth--She almost despairs of the success of our arms--Chancellorsville--Gettysburg--Following the troops--Warrenton-- Insolence of the rebels--Illness--Goes to the West--Chattanooga--Serious illness--Return to Nashville--Labors for the refugees--Called home to watch over a dying mother--The returned prisoners from Andersonville and Salisbury. 149-160

MRS. ELIZA C. PORTER.

Mrs. Porter's social position--Her patriotism--Labors in the hospitals at Cairo--She takes charge of the Northwestern Sanitary Commission Rooms at Chicago--Her determination to go, with a corps of nurses, to the front--Cairo and Paducah--Visit to Pittsburg Landing after the battle-- She brings nurses and supplies for the hospitals from Chicago--At Corinth--At Memphis--Work among the freedmen at Memphis and elsewhere-- Efforts for the establishment of hospitals for the sick and wounded in the Northwest--Co-operation with Mrs. Harvey and Mrs. Howe--The Harvey Hospital--At Natchez and Vicksburg--Other appeals for Northern hospitals--At Huntsville with Mrs. Bickerdyke--At Chattanooga-- Experiences in a field hospital in the woods--Following Sherman's army from Chattanooga to Atlanta--"This seems like having mother about"-- Constant labors--The distribution of supplies to the soldiers of Sherman's army near Washington--A patriotic family. 161-171

MRS. MARY A. BICKERDYKE.

Previous history of Mrs. Bickerdyke--Her regard for the private soldiers--"Mother Bickerdyke and her boys"--Her work at Savannah after the battle of Shiloh--What she accomplished at Perryville--The Gayoso Hospital at Memphis--Colored nurses and attendants--A model hospital-- The delinquent assistant-surgeon--Mrs. Bickerdyke's philippic--She procures his dismissal--His interview with General Sherman--"She ranks me"--The commanding generals appreciate her--Convalescent soldiers _vs._ colored nurses--The Medical Director's order--Mrs. Bickerdyke's triumph--A dairy and hennery for the hospitals--Two hundred cows and a thousand hens--Her first visit to the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce--"Go over to Canada--This country has no place for such creatures"--At Vicksburg--In field hospitals--The dresses riddled with sparks--The box of clothing for herself--Trading for butter and eggs for the soldiers-- The two lace-trimmed night-dresses--A new style of hospital clothing for wounded soldiers--A second visit to Milwaukee--Mrs. Bickerdyke's speech--"Set your standard higher yet"--In the Huntsville Hospital--At Chattanooga at the close of the battle--The only woman on the ground for four weeks--Cooking under difficulties--Her interview with General Grant--Complaints of the neglect of the men by some of the surgeons-- "Go around to the hospitals and see for yourself"--Visits Huntsville, Pulaski, etc.--With Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta--Making dishes for the sick out of hard tack and the ordinary rations--At Nashville and Franklin--Through the Carolinas with Sherman--Distribution of supplies near Washington--"The Freedmen's Home and Refuge" at Chicago. 172-186

MARGARET ELIZABETH BRECKINRIDGE. _By Mrs. J. G. Forman._

Sketch of her personal appearance--Her gentle, tender, winning ways-- The American Florence Nightingale--What if I do die?--The Breckinridge family--Margaret's childhood and youth--Her emancipation of her slaves-- Working for the soldiers early in the war--Not one of the Home Guards-- Her earnest desire to labor in the hospitals--Hospital service at Baltimore--At Lexington, Kentucky--Morgan's first raid--Her visit to the wounded soldiers--"Every one of you bring a regiment with you"--Visiting the St. Louis hospitals--On the hospital boats on the Mississippi-- Perils of the voyage--Severe and incessant labor--The contrabands at Helena--Touching incidents of the wounded on the hospital boats--"The service pays"--In the hospitals at St. Louis--Impaired health--She goes eastward for rest and recovery--A year of weakness and weariness--In the hospital at Philadelphia--A ministering angel--Colonel Porter her brother-in-law killed at Cold Harbor--She goes to Baltimore to meet the body--Is seized with typhoid fever and dies after five weeks illness. 187-199

MRS. STEPHEN BARKER.

Family of Mrs. Barker--Her husband Chaplain of First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery--She accompanies him to Washington--Devotes herself to the work of visiting the hospitals--Thanksgiving dinner in the hospital--She removes to Fort Albany and takes charge as Matron of the Regimental Hospital--Pleasant experiences--Reading to the soldiers--Two years of labor--Return to Washington in January, 1864--She becomes one of the hospital visitors of the Sanitary Commission--Ten hospitals a week-- Remitting the soldiers' money and valuables to their families--The service of Mr. and Mrs. Barker as lecturers and missionaries of the Sanitary Commission to the Aid Societies in the smaller cities and villages--The distribution of supplies to the disbanding armies--Her report. 200-211

AMY M. BRADLEY.

Childhood of Miss Bradley--Her experiences as a teacher--Residence in Charleston, South Carolina--Two years of illness--Goes to Costa Rica-- Three years of teaching in Central America--Return to the United States--Becomes corresponding clerk and translator in a large glass manufactory--Beginning of the war--She determines to go as a nurse-- Writes to Dr. Palmer--His quaint reply--Her first experience as nurse in a regimental hospital--Skill and tact in managing it--Promoted by General Slocum to the charge of the Brigade Hospital--Hospital Transport Service--Over-exertion and need of rest--The organization of the Soldiers' Home at Washington--Visiting hospitals at her leisure--Camp Misery--Wretched condition of the men--The rendezvous of distribution-- Miss Bradley goes thither as Sanitary Commission Agent--Her zealous and multifarious labors--Bringing in the discharged men for their papers-- Procuring the correction of their papers, and the reinstatement of the men--"The Soldiers' Journal"--Miss Bradley's object in its establishment--Its success--Presents to Miss Bradley--Personal appearance. 212-224

MRS. ARABELLA GRIFFITH BARLOW.

Birth and education of Mrs. Griffith--Her marriage at the beginning of the war--She accompanies her husband to the camp, and wherever it is possible ministers to the wounded or sick soldiers--Joins the Sanitary Commission in July, 1862, and labors among the sick and wounded at Harrison's Landing till late in August--Colonel Barlow severely wounded at Antietam--Mrs. Barlow nurses him with great tenderness, and at the same time ministers to the wounded of Sedgwick Hospital--At Chancellorsville and Gettysburg--General Barlow again wounded, and in the enemy's lines--She removes him and succors the wounded in the intervals of her care of him--In May, 1864, she was actively engaged at Belle Plain, Fredericksburg, Port Royal, White House, and City Point-- Her incessant labor brought on fever and caused her death July 27, 1864--Tribute of the Sanitary Commission Bulletin, Dr. Lieber and others, to her memory. 225-233

MRS. NELLIE MARIA TAYLOR.

Parentage and early history--Removal to New Orleans--Her son urged to enlist in the rebel army--He is sent North--The rebels persecute Mrs. Taylor--Her dismissal from her position as principal of one of the city schools--Her house mobbed--"I am for the Union, tear my house down if you choose!"--Her house searched seven times for the flag--The Judge's son--"A piece of Southern chivalry"--Her son enlists in the rebel army to save her from molestation--New Orleans occupied by the Union forces-- Mrs. Taylor reinstated as teacher--She nurses the soldiers in the hospitals, during her vacations and in all the leisure hours from her school duties, her daughter filling up the intermediate time with her services--She expends her entire salary upon the sick and wounded-- Writes eleven hundred and seventy-four letters for them in one year-- Distributes the supplies received from the Cincinnati Branch of Sanitary Commission in 1864, and during the summer takes the management of the special diet of the University Hospital--Testimony of the soldiers to her labors--Patriotism and zeal of her children--Terms on which Miss Alice Taylor would present a confederate flag to a company. 234-240

MRS. ADALINE TYLER.

Residence in Boston--Removal to Baltimore--Becomes Superintendent of a Protestant Sisterhood in that city--Duties of the Sisterhood--The "Church Home"--Other duties of "Sister" Tyler--The opening of the war--The Baltimore mob--Wounding and killing members of the Sixth Massachusetts regiment--Mrs. Tyler hears that Massachusetts men are wounded and seeks admission to them--Is refused--She persists, and threatening an appeal to Governor Andrew is finally admitted--She takes those most severely wounded to the "Church Home," procures surgical attendance for them, and nurses them till their recovery--Other Union wounded nursed by her--Receives the thanks of the Massachusetts Legislature and Governor--Is appointed Superintendent of the Camden Street Hospital, Baltimore--Resigns at the end of a year, and visits New York--The surgeon-general urges her to take charge of the large hospital at Chester, Pennsylvania--She remains at Chester till the hospital is broken up, when she is transferred to the First Division General Hospital, Naval Academy, Annapolis--The returned prisoners--Their terrible condition--Mrs. Tyler procures photographs of them--Impaired health--Resignation--She visits Europe, and spends eighteen months there, advocating as she has opportunity the National cause--The fiendish rebel spirit--Incident relative to President Lincoln's assassination. 241-250

MRS. WILLIAM H. HOLSTEIN.

Social position of Mr. and Mrs. Holstein--Early labors for the soldiers at home--The battle of Antietam--She goes with her husband to care for the wounded--Her first emotions at the sight of the wounded--Three years' devotion to the service--Mr. and Mrs. Holstein devote themselves mainly to field hospitals--Labors at Fredericksburg, in the Second Corps Hospital--Services after the battle of Chancellorsville--The march toward Pennsylvania in June, 1863--The Field Hospital of the Second Corps after Gettysburg--Incidents--"Wouldn't be buried by the side of that raw recruit"--Mrs. Holstein Matron of the Second Corps Hospital-- Tour among the Aid Societies--The campaign of 1864-5--Constant labors in the field hospitals at Fredericksburg, City Point, and elsewhere, till November--Another tour among the Aid Societies--Labors among the returned prisoners at Annapolis. 251-259

MRS. CORDELIA A. P. HARVEY. _By Rev. N. M. Mann._

The death of her husband, Governor Louis P. Harvey--Her intense grief-- She resolves to devote herself to the care of the sick and wounded soldiers--She visits St. Louis as Agent for the State of Wisconsin--Work in the St. Louis hospitals in the autumn of 1862--Heroic labors at Cape Girardeau--Visiting hospitals along the Mississippi--The soldiers' ideas of her influence and power--Young's Point in 1863--Illness of Mrs. Harvey--She determines to secure the establishment of a General Hospital at Madison, Wisconsin, where from the fine climate the chances of recovery of the sick and wounded will be increased--Her resolution and energy--The Harvey Hospital--The removal of the patients at Fort Pickering to it--Repeated journeys down the Mississippi--Presented with an elegant watch by the Second Wisconsin Cavalry--Her influence over the soldiers--The Soldiers' Orphan Asylum at Madison. 260-268

MRS. SARAH R. JOHNSTON.

Loyal Southern women--Mrs. Johnston's birth and social position--Her interest in the Union prisoners--"A Yankee sympathizer"--The young soldier--Her tender care of him, living and dead--Work for the prisoners--Her persecution by the rebels--"Why don't you pin me to the earth as you threatened"--"Sergeant, you can't make anything on that woman"--Copying the inscriptions on Union graves, and statistics of Union prisoners--Her visit to the North. 269-272

EMILY E. PARSONS. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

Her birth and education--Her preparation for service in the hospitals-- Receives instruction in the care of the sick, dressing wounds, preparation of diet, etc.--Service at Fort Schuyler Hospital--Mrs. General Fremont secures her services for St. Louis--Condition of St. Louis and the other river cities at this time--First assigned to the Lawson Hospital--Next to Hospital steamer "City of Alton"--The voyage from Vicksburg to Memphis--Return to St. Louis--Illness--Appointed Superintendent of Nurses to the large Benton Barracks Hospital--Her duties--The admirable management of the hospital--Visit to the East-- Return to her work--Illness and return to the East--Collects and forwards supplies to Western Sanitary Commission and Northwestern Sanitary Commission--The Chicago Fair--The Charity Hospital at Cambridge established by her--Her cheerfulness and skill in her hospital work. 273-278

MRS. ALMIRA FALES.

The first woman to work for the soldiers--She commenced in December, 1860--Her continuous service--Amount of stores distributed by her-- Variety and severity of her work--Hospital Transport Service-- Harrison's Landing--Her work in Pope's campaign--Death of her son--Her sorrowful toil at Fredericksburg and Falmouth--Her peculiarities and humor. 279-283

CORNELIA HANCOCK.

Early labors for the soldiers--Mr. Vassar's testimony--Gettysburg--The campaign of 1864--Fredericksburg and City Point. 284-286

MRS. MARY MORRIS HUSBAND.

Her ancestry--Patriotic instincts of the family--Service in Philadelphia hospitals--Harrison's Landing--Nursing a sick son--Ministers to others there--Dr. Markland's testimony--At Camden Street Hospital, Baltimore-- Antietam--Smoketown Hospital--Associated with Miss M. M. C. Hall--Her admirable services as nurse there--Her personal appearance--The wonderful apron with its pockets--The battle-flag--Her heroism in contagious disease--Attachment of the soldiers for her--Her energy and activity--Her adventures after the battle of Chancellorsville--The Field Hospital near United States Ford--The forgetful surgeon--Matron of Third Division, Third Corps Hospital, Gettysburg--Camp Letterman--Illness of Mrs. Husband--Stationed at Camp Parole, Annapolis--Hospital at Brandy Station--The battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania--Overwhelming labor at Fredericksburg, Port Royal, White House, and City Point--Second Corps Hospital at City Point--Marching through Richmond--"Hurrah for mother Husband"--The visit to her "boys" at Bailey's Cross Roads-- Distribution of supplies--Mrs. Husband's labors for the pardon or commutation of the sentence of soldiers condemned by court-martial--Her museum and its treasures. 287-298

THE HOSPITAL TRANSPORT SERVICE.

The organization of this service by the United States Sanitary Commission--Difficulties encountered--Steamers and sailing vessels employed--The corps of ladies employed in the service--The headquarters' staff--Ladies plying on the Transports to Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and elsewhere--Work on the Daniel Webster--The Ocean Queen--Difficulties in providing as rapidly as was desired for the numerous patients--Duties of the ladies who belonged to the headquarters' staff--Description of scenes in the work by Miss Wormeley and Miss G. Woolsey--Taking on patients--"Butter on _soft_ bread"-- "Guess I can stand h'isting better'n _him_"--"Spare the darning needles"--"Slippers only fit for pontoon bridges"--Visiting Government Transports--Scrambling eggs in a wash-basin--Subduing the captain of a tug--The battle of Fair Oaks--Bad management on Government Transports-- Sufferings of the wounded--Sanitary Commission relief tent at the wharf--Relief tents at White House depot at Savage's Station--The departure from White House--Arrival at Harrison's Landing--Running past the rebel batteries at City Point--"I'll take those mattresses you spoke of"--The wounded of the seven days' battles--"You are so kind, I--am so weak"--Exchanging prisoners under flag of truce. 299-315

OTHER LABORS OF SOME OF THE MEMBERS OF THE HOSPITAL TRANSPORT CORPS.

Miss Bradley, Miss Gilson, Mrs. Husband, Miss Charlotte Bradford, Mrs. W. P. Griffin, Miss H. D. Whetten. 316, 317

KATHERINE PRESCOTT WORMELEY.

Birth and parentage--Commencement of her labors for the soldiers--The Woman's Union Aid Society of Newport--She takes a contract for army clothing to furnish employment for soldiers' families--Forwarding sanitary goods--The hundred and fifty bed sacks--Miss Wormeley's connection with the Hospital Transport Service--Her extraordinary labors--Illness--Is appointed Lady Superintendent of the Lovell General Hospital at Portsmouth Grove, Rhode Island--Her duties--Resigns in October, 1863--Her volume--"The United States Sanitary Commission"-- Other labors for the soldiers. 318-323

THE MISSES WOOLSEY.

Social position of the Woolsey sisters--Mrs. Joseph Howland and her labors on the Hospital Transport--Her tender and skilful nursing of the sick and wounded of her husband's regiment--Poem addressed to her by a soldier--Her encouragement and assistance to the women nurses appointed by Miss Dix--Mrs. Robert S. Howland--Her labors in the hospitals and at the Metropolitan Sanitary Fair--Her early death from over-exertion in connection with the fair--Her poetical contributions to the National cause--"In the hospital"--Miss Georgiana M. Woolsey--Labors on Hospital Transports--At Portsmouth Grove Hospital--After Chancellorsville--Her work at Gettysburg with her mother--"Three weeks at Gettysburg"--The approach to the battle-field--The Sanitary Commission's Lodge near the railroad depot--The supply tent--Crutches--Supplying rebels and Union men alike--Dressing wounds--"On dress parade"--"Bread with _butter_ on it and _jelly_ on the butter"--"Worth a penny a sniff"--The Gettysburg women--The Gettysburg farmers--"Had never seen a rebel"--"A feller might'er got hit"--"I couldn't leave my bread"--The dying soldiers-- "Tell her I love her"--The young rebel lieutenant--The colored freedmen--Praying for "Massa Lincoln"--The purple and blue and yellow handkerchiefs--"Only a blue one"--"The man who screamed so"--The German mother--The Oregon lieutenant--"Soup"--"Put some meat in a little water and stirred it round"--Miss Woolsey's rare capacities for her work-- Estimate of a lady friend--Miss Jane Stuart Woolsey--Labors in hospitals--Her charge of the Freedmen at Richmond--Miss Sarah C. Woolsey, at Portsmouth Grove Hospital. 324-342

ANNA MARIA ROSS.

Her parentage and family--Early devotion to works of charity and benevolence--Praying for success in soliciting aid for the unfortunate--The "black small-pox"--The conductor's wife--The Cooper Shop Hospital--Her incessant labors and tender care of her patients-- Her thoughtfulness for them when discharged--Her unselfish devotion to the good of others--Sending a soldier to his friends--"He must go or die"--The attachment of the soldiers to her--The home for discharged soldiers--Her efforts to provide the funds for it--Her success--The walk to South Street--Her sudden attack of paralysis and death--The monument and its inscription. 343-351

MRS. G. T. M. DAVIS.

Mrs. Davis a native of Pittsfield, Massachusetts--A patriotic family--General Bartlett--She becomes Secretary of the Park Barracks Ladies' Association--The Bedloe's Island Hospital--The controversy-- Discharge of the surgeon--Withdrawal from the Association--The hospital at David's Island--Mrs. Davis's labors there--The Soldiers' Rest on Howard Street--She becomes the Secretary of the Ladies' Association connected with it--Visits to other hospitals--Gratitude of the men to whom she has ministered--Appeals to the women of Berkshire--Her encomiums on their abundant labors. 352-356

MARY J. SAFFORD.

Miss Safford a native of Vermont, but a resident of Cairo--Her thorough and extensive mental culture--She organizes temporary hospitals among the regiments stationed at Cairo--Visiting the wounded on the field after the battle of Belmont--Her extemporized flag of truce--Her remarkable and excessive labors after the battle of Shiloh--On the Hospital steamers--Among the hospitals at Cairo--"A merry Christmas" for the soldiers stationed at Cairo--Illness induced by her over-exertion-- Her tour in Europe--Her labors there, while in feeble health--Mrs. Livermore's sketch of Miss Safford--Her personal appearance and _petite_ figure--"An angel at Cairo"--"That little gal that used to come in every day to see us--I tell you what she's an angel if there is any". 357-361

MRS. LYDIA G. PARRISH.

Previous history--Early consecration to the work of beneficence in the army--Visiting Georgetown Seminary Hospital--Seeks aid from the Sanitary Commission--Visits to camps around Washington--Return to Philadelphia to enlist the sympathies of her friends in the work of the Commission-- Return to Seminary Hospital--The surly soldier--He melts at last--Visits in other hospitals--Broad and Cherry Street Hospital, Philadelphia-- Assists in organizing a Ladies' Aid Society at Chester, and in forming a corps of volunteer nurses--At Falmouth, Virginia, in January, 1863, with Mrs. Harris--On a tour of inspection in Virginia and North Carolina with her husband--The exchange of prisoners--Touching scenes--The Continental Fair--Mrs. Parrish's labors in connection with it--The tour of inspection at the Annapolis hospitals--Letters to the Sanitary Commission--Condition of the returned prisoners--Their hunger--The St. John's College Hospital--Admirable arrangement--Camp Parole Hospital-- The Naval Academy Hospital--The landing of the prisoners--Their frightful sufferings--She compiles "The Soldiers' Friend" of which more than a hundred thousand copies were circulated--Her efforts for the freedmen. 362-372

MRS. ANNIE WITTENMEYER.

Early efforts for the soldiers--She urges the organization of Aid Societies, and these become auxiliary at first to the Keokuk Aid Society, which she was active in establishing--The Iowa State Sanitary Commission--Mrs. Wittenmeyer becomes its agent--Her active efforts for the soldiers--She disburses one hundred and thirty-six thousand dollars worth of goods and supplies in about two years and a-half--She aids in the establishment of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home--Her plan of special diet kitchens--The Christian Commission appoint her their agent for carrying out this plan--Her labors in their establishment in connection with large hospitals--Special order of the War Department-- The estimate of her services by the Christian Commission. 373-378

MELCENIA ELLIOTT. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

Previous pursuits--In the hospitals in Tennessee in the summer and autumn of 1862--A remarkably skilful nurse--Services at Memphis--The Iowa soldier--She scales the fence to watch over him and minister to his needs, and at his death conveys his body to his friends, overcoming all difficulties to do so--In the Benton Barracks Hospital--Volunteers to nurse the patients in the erysipelas ward--Matron of the Refugee Home at St. Louis--"The poor white trash"--Matron of Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Farmington, Iowa. 379-383

MARY DWIGHT PETTES. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

A native of Boston--Came to St. Louis in 1861, and entered upon hospital work in January, 1862--Her faithful earnest work--Labors for the spiritual as well as physical welfare of the soldiers, reading the Scriptures to them, singing to them, etc.--Attachment of the soldiers to her--She is seized with typhoid fever contracted in her care for her patients, and dies after five weeks' illness--Dr. Eliot's impressions of her character. 384-388

LOUISA MAERTZ. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

Her birth and parentage--Her residence in Germany and Switzerland--Her fondness for study--Her extraordinary sympathy and benevolence--She commences visiting the hospitals in her native city, Quincy, Illinois, in the autumn of 1861--She takes some of the wounded home to her father's house and ministers to them there--She goes to St. Louis--Is commissioned as a nurse--Sent to Helena, then full of wounded from the battles in Arkansas--Her severe labors here--Almost the only woman nurse in the hospitals there--"God bless you, dear lady"--The Arkansas Union soldier--The half-blind widow--Miss Maertz at Vicksburg--At New Orleans. 390-394

MRS. HARRIET R. COLFAX.

Early life--A widow and fatherless--Her first labors in the hospitals in St. Louis--Her sympathies never blunted--The sudden death of a soldier-- Her religious labors among the patients--Dr. Paddock's testimony--The wounded from Fort Donelson--On the hospital boat--In the battle at Island No. Ten--Bringing back the wounded--Mrs. Colfax's care of them-- Trips to Pittsburg Landing, before and after the battle of Shiloh--Heavy and protracted labor for the nurses--Return to St. Louis--At the Fifth Street Hospital--At Jefferson Barracks--Her associates--Obliged to retire from the service on account of her health in 1864. 395-399

CLARA DAVIS.

Miss Davis not a native of this country--Her services at the Broad and Cherry Street Hospital, Philadelphia--One of the Hospital Transport corps--The steamer "John Brooks"--Mile Creek Hospital--Mrs. Husband's account of her--At Frederick City, Harper's Ferry, and Antietam--Agent of the Sanitary Commission at Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland--Is seized with typhoid fever here--When partially recovered, she resumes her labors, but is again attacked and compelled to withdraw from her work--Her other labors for the soldiers, both sick and well--Obtaining furloughs--Sending home the bodies of dead soldiers--Providing head-boards for the soldiers' graves. 400-403

MRS. R. H. SPENCER.

Her home in Oswego, New York--Teaching--An anti-war Democrat is convinced of his duty to become a soldier, though too old for the draft--Husband and wife go together--At the Soldiers' Rest in Washington--Her first work--Matron of the hospital--At Wind-Mill Point--Matron in the First Corps Hospital--Foraging for the sick and wounded--The march toward Gettysburg--A heavily laden horse--Giving up her last blanket--Chivalric instincts of American soldiers--Labors during the battle of Gettysburg--Under fire--Field Hospital of the Eleventh Corps--The hospital at White Church--Incessant labors--Saving a soldier's life--"Can you go without food for a week?"--The basin of broth--Mrs. Spencer appointed agent of the State of New York for the care of the sick and wounded soldiers in the field--At Brandy Station--At Rappahannock Station and Belle Plain after the battle of the Wilderness--Virginia mud--Working alone--Heavy rain and no shelter--Working on at Belle Plain--"Nothing to wear"--Port Royal--White House--Feeding the wounded--Arrives at City Point--The hospitals and the Government kitchen--At the front--Carrying supplies to the men in the rifle pits--Fired at by a sharpshooter--Shelled by the enemy--The great explosion at City Point--Her narrow escape--Remains at City Point till the hospitals are broken up--The gifts received from grateful soldiers. 404-415

MRS. HARRIET FOOTE HAWLEY. _By Mrs. H. B. Stowe._

Mrs. Hawley accompanies her husband, Colonel Hawley, to South Carolina--Teaching the freedmen--Visiting the hospitals at Beaufort, Fernandina and St. Augustine--After Olustee--At the Armory Square Hospital, Washington--The surgical operations performed in the ward--"Reaching the hospital only in time to die"--At Wilmington-- Frightful condition of Union prisoners--Typhus fever raging--The dangers greater than those of the battle-field--Four thousand sick-- Mrs. Hawley's heroism, and incessant labors--At Richmond--Injured by the upsetting of an ambulance--Labors among the freedmen--Colonel Higginson's speech. 416-419

ELLEN E. MITCHELL.

Her family--Motives in entering on the work of ministering to the soldiers--Receives instructions at Bellevue Hospital--Receives a nurse's pay and gives it to the suffering soldiers--At Elmore Hospital, Georgetown--Gratitude of the soldiers--Trials--St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington--A dying nurse--Her own serious illness--Care and attention of Miss Jessie Home--Death of her mother--At Point Lookout--Discomforts and suffering--Ware House Hospital, Georgetown--Transfer of patients and nurse to Union Hotel Hospital--Her duties arduous but pleasant--Transfer to Knight General Hospital, New Haven--Resigns and accepts a situation in the Treasury Department, but longing for her old work returns to it-- At Fredericksburg after battle of the Wilderness--At Judiciary Square Hospital, Washington--Abundant labor, but equally abundant happiness-- Her feelings in the review of her work. 420-426

JESSIE HOME.

A Scotch maiden, but devotedly attached to the Union--Abandons a pleasant and lucrative pursuit to become a hospital nurse--Her earnestness and zeal--Her incessant labors--Sickness and death--Cared for by Miss Bergen of Brooklyn, New York. 427, 428

MISS VANCE AND MISS BLACKMAR. _By Mrs. M. M. Husband._

Miss Vance a missionary teacher before the war--Appointed by Miss Dix to a Baltimore hospital--At Washington, at Alexandria, and at Gettysburg-- At Fredericksburg after the battle of the Wilderness--At City Point in the Second Corps Hospital--Served through the whole war with but three weeks' furlough--Miss Blackmar from Michigan--A skilful and efficient nurse--The almost fatal hemorrhage--The boy saved by her skill--Carrying a hot brick to bed. 429, 430

H. A. DADA AND S. E. HALL.

Missionary teachers before the war--Attending lectures to prepare for nursing--After the first battle of Bull Run--At Alexandria--The wounded from the battle-field--Incessant work--Ordered to Winchester, Virginia-- The Court-House Hospital--At Strasburg--General Banks' retreat-- Remaining among the enemy to care for the wounded--At Armory Square Hospital--The second Bull Run--Rapid but skilful care of the wounded-- Painful cases--Harper's Ferry--Twelfth Army Corps Hospital--The mother in search of her son--After Chancellorsville--The battle of Gettysburg-- Labors in the First and Twelfth Corps Hospitals--Sent to Murfreesboro', Tennessee--Rudeness of the Medical Director--Discomfort of their situation--Discourtesy of the Medical Director and some of the surgeons-- "We have no ladies here--There are some women here, who are cooks!"-- Removal to Chattanooga--Are courteously and kindly received--Wounded of Sherman's campaign--"You are the _God-blessedest_ woman I ever saw"-- Service to the close of the war and beyond--Lookout Mountain. 431-439

MRS. SARAH P. EDSON.

Early life--Literary pursuits--In Columbia College Hospital--At Camp California--Quaker guns--Winchester, Virginia--Prevalence of gangrene-- Union Hotel Hospital--On the Peninsula--In hospital of Sumner's Corps-- Her son wounded--Transferred to Yorktown--Sufferings of the men--At White House and the front--Beef soup and coffee for starving wounded men--Is permitted to go to Harrison's Landing--Abundant labor and care-- Chaplain Fuller--At Hygeia Hospital--At Alexandria--Pope's campaign-- Attempts to go to Antietam, but is detained by sickness--Goes to Warrenton, and accompanies the army thence to Acquia Creek--Return to Washington--Forms a society to establish a home and training school for nurses, and becomes its Secretary--Visits hospitals--State Relief Societies approve the plan--Sanitary Commission do not approve of it as a whole--Surgeon-General opposes--Visits New York city--The masons become interested--"Army Nurses' Association" formed in New York--Nurses in great numbers sent on after the battles of Wilderness, Spottsylvania, etc.--The experiment a success--Its eventual failure through the mismanagement in New York--Mrs. Edson continues her labors in the army to the close of the war--Enthusiastic reception by the soldiers. 440-447

MARIA M. C. HALL.

A native of Washington city--Desire to serve the sick and wounded-- Receives a sick soldier into her father's house--Too young to answer the conditions required by Miss Dix--Application to Mrs. Fales-- Attempts to dissuade her--"Well girls here they are, with everything to be done for them"--The Indiana Hospital--Difficulties and discouragements--A year of hard and unsatisfactory work--Hospital Transport Service--The Daniel Webster--At Harrison's Landing with Mrs. Fales--Condition of the poor fellows--Mrs. Harris calls her to Antietam--French's Division and Smoketown Hospitals--Abundant work but performed with great satisfaction--The French soldier's letter--The evening or family prayers--Successful efforts for the religious improvement of the men--Dr. Vanderkieft--The Naval Academy Hospital at Annapolis--In charge of Section five--Succeeds Mrs. Tyler as Lady Superintendent of the hospital--The humble condition of the returned prisoners from Andersonville and elsewhere--Prevalence of typhus fever-- Death of her assistants--Four thousand patients--Writes for "The Crutch"--Her joy in the success of her work. 448-454

THE HOSPITAL CORPS AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY HOSPITAL, ANNAPOLIS.

The cruelties which had been practiced on the Union men in rebel prisons--Duties of the nurses under Miss Hall--Names and homes of these ladies--Death of Miss Adeline Walker--Miss Hall's tribute to her memory--Miss Titcomb's eulogy on her--Death of Miss M. A. B. Young-- Sketch of her history--"Let me be buried here among my boys"--Miss Rose M. Billing--Her faithfulness as a nurse in the Indiana Hospital, (Patent Office,) at Falls Church, and at Annapolis--She like the others falls a victim to the typhus generated in Southern prisons--Tribute to her memory. 455-460

OTHER LABORS OF SOME OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ANNAPOLIS HOSPITAL CORPS.

The _Maine stay_ of the Annapolis Hospital--Miss Titcomb--Miss Newhall-- Miss Usher--Other ladies from Maine--The Maine camp and Hospital Association--Mrs. Eaton--Mrs. Fogg--Mrs. Mayhew--Miss Mary A. Dupee and her labors--Miss Abbie J. Howe--Her labors for the spiritual as well as physical good of the men--Her great influence over them--Her joy in her work. 461-466

MRS. A. H. AND MISS S. H. GIBBONS.

Mrs. Gibbons a daughter of Isaac T. Hopper--Her zeal in the cause of reform--Work of herself and daughter in the Patent Office Hospital in 1861--Visit to Falls Church and its hospital--Sad condition of the patients--"If you do not come and take care of me I shall die"--Return to this hospital--Its condition greatly improved--Winchester and the Seminary Hospital--Severe labors here--Banks' retreat--The nurses held as prisoners--Losses of Mrs. and Miss Gibbons at this time--At Point Lookout--Exchanged prisoners from Belle Isle--A scarcity of garments-- Trowsers a luxury--Fifteen months of hospital service--Conflicts with the authorities in regard to the freedmen--The July riots in New York in 1863--Mrs. Gibbons' house sacked by the rioters--Destruction of everything valuable--Return to Point Lookout--The campaign of 1864-5-- Mrs. and Miss Gibbons at Fredericksburg--An improvised hospital--Mrs. Gibbons takes charge--The gift of roses--The roses withered and dyed in the soldiers' blood--Riding with the wounded in box cars--At White House--Labors at Beverly Hospital, New Jersey--Mrs. Gibbons' return home--Her daughter remains till the close of the war. 467-475

MRS. E. J. RUSSELL.

Government nurses--Their trials and hardships--Mrs. Russell a teacher before the war--Her patriotism--First connected with the Regimental Hospital of Twentieth New York Militia (National Guards)--Assigned to Columbia College Hospital, Washington--After three years' service resigns from impaired health, but recovering enters the service again in Baltimore--Nursing rebels--Her attention to the religious condition of the men--Four years of service--Returns to teaching after the war. 477-479

MRS. MARY W. LEE.

Mrs. Lee of foreign birth, but American in feeling--Services in the Volunteer Refreshment Saloon--A noble institution--At Harrison's Landing, with Mrs. Harris--Wretched condition of the men--Improvement under the efforts of the ladies--The Hospital of the Epiphany at Washington--At Antietam during the battle--The two water tubs--The enterprising sutler--"Take this bread and give it to that woman"--The Sedgwick Hospital--Ordering a guard--Hoffman's Farm Hospital--Smoketown Hospital--Potomac Creek--Chancellorsville--Under fire from the batteries on Fredericksburg Heights--Marching with the army--Gettysburg--The Second Corps Hospital--Camp Letterman--The Refreshment Saloon again-- Brandy Station--A stove half a yard square--The battles of the Wilderness--At Fredericksburg--A diet kitchen without furniture--Over the river after a stove--Baking, boiling, stewing, and frying simultaneously--Keeping the old stove hot--At City Point--In charge of a hospital--The last days of the Refreshment Saloon. 480-488

CORNELIA M. TOMPKINS. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

A scion of an eminent family--At Benton Barracks Hospital--At Memphis-- Return to St. Louis--At Jefferson Barracks. 489, 490

MRS. ANNA C. McMEENS. _By Mrs. E. S. Mendenhall._

A native of Maryland--The wife of a surgeon in the army--At Camp Dennison--One of the first women in Ohio to minister to the soldiers in a military hospital--At Nashville in hospital--The battle of Perryville--Death of Dr. McMeens--At home--Laboring for the Sanitary Commission--In the hospitals at Washington--Missionary work among the sailors on Lake Erie. 491, 492

MRS. JERUSHA R. SMALL. _By Mrs. E. S. Mendenhall._

A native of Iowa--Accompanies her husband to the war--Ministers to the wounded from Belmont, Donelson, and Shiloh--Her husband wounded at Shiloh--Under fire in ministering to the wounded--Uses all her spare clothing for them--As her husband recovers her own health fails--The galloping consumption--The female secessionist--Going home to die-- Buried with the flag wrapped around her. 493, 494

MRS. S. A. MARTHA CANFIELD. _By Mrs. E. S. Mendenhall._

Wife of Colonel H. Canfield--Her husband killed at Shiloh--Burying her sorrows in her heart--She returns to labor for the wounded in the Sixteenth Army Corps, in the hospitals at Memphis--Labors among the freedmen--Establishes the Colored Orphan Asylum at Memphis. 495

MRS. THOMAS AND MISS MORRIS.

Faithful laborers in the hospitals at Cincinnati till the close of the war. 496

MRS. SHEPARD WELLS. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

Driven from East Tennessee by the rebels--Becomes a member of the Ladies' Union Aid Society at St. Louis, and one of its Secretaries-- Superintends the special diet kitchen at Benton Barracks--An enthusiastic and earnest worker--Labor for the refugees. 497, 498

MRS. E. C. WITHERELL. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

A lady from Louisville--Her service in the Fourth Street Hospital, St. Louis--"Shining Shore"--The soldier boy--On the "Empress" hospital steamer nursing the wounded--A faithful and untiring nurse--Is attacked with fever, and dies July, 1862--Resolutions of Western Sanitary Commission. 499-501

PHEBE ALLEN. _By Rev. J. G. Forman._

A teacher in Iowa--Volunteered as a nurse in Benton Barracks hospital-- Very efficient--Died of malarious fever in 1864, at the hospital. 502

MRS. EDWIN GREBLE.

Of Quaker stock--Intensely patriotic--Her eldest son, Lieutenant John Greble, killed at Great Bethel in 1861--A second son served through the war--A son-in-law a prisoner in the rebel prisons--Mrs. Greble a most assiduous worker in the hospitals of Philadelphia, and a constant and liberal giver. 503, 504

MRS. ISABELLA FOGG.

A resident of Calais, Maine--Her only son volunteers, and she devotes herself to the service of ministering to the wounded and sick--Goes to Annapolis with one of the Maine regiments--The spotted fever in the Annapolis Hospital--Mrs. Fogg and Mrs. Mayhew volunteer as nurses--The Hospital Transport Service--At the front after Fair Oaks--Savage's Station--Over land to Harrison's Landing with the army--Under fire--On the hospital ship--Home--In the hospitals around Washington, after Antietam--The Maine Camp Hospital Association--Mrs. J. S. Eaton--After Chancellorsville--In the field hospitals for nearly a week, working day and night, and under fire--At Gettysburg the day after the battle--On the Rapidan--At Mine Run--At Belle Plain and Fredericksburg after the battle of the Wilderness--At City Point--Home again--A wounded son-- Severe illness of Mrs. Fogg--Recovery--Sent by Christian Commission to Louisville to take charge of a special diet kitchen--Injured by a fall-- An invalid for life--Happy in the work accomplished. 505-510

MRS. E. E. GEORGE.

Services of aged women in the war--Military agency of Indiana--Mrs. George's appointment--Her services at Memphis--At Pulaski--At Chattanooga--Following Sherman to Atlanta--Matron of Fifteenth Army Corps Hospital--At Nashville--Starts for Savannah, but is persuaded by Miss Dix to go to Wilmington--Excessive labors there--Dies of typhus. 511-513

MRS. CHARLOTTE E. McKAY.

A native of Massachusetts--Enters the service as nurse at Frederick city--Rebel occupation of the city--Chancellorsville--The assault on Marye's Heights--Death of her brother--Gettysburg--Services in Third Division Third Corps Hospital--At Warrenton--Mine Run--Brandy Station-- Grant's campaign--From Belle Plain to City Point--The Cavalry Corps Hospital--Testimonials presented to her. 514-516

MRS. FANNY L. RICKETTS.

Of English parentage--Wife of Major-General Ricketts--Resides on the frontier for three years--Her husband wounded at Bull Run--Her heroism in going through the rebel lines to be with him--Dangers and privations at Richmond--Ministrations to Union soldiers--He is selected as a hostage for the privateersmen, but released at her urgent solicitation-- Wounded again at Antietam, and again tenderly nursed--Wounded at Middletown, Virginia, October, 1864, and for four months in great danger--The end of the war. 517-519

MRS. JOHN S. PHELPS.

Early history--Residence in the Southwest--Rescues General Lyon's body--Her heroism and benevolence at Pea Ridge and elsewhere. 520, 521

MRS. JANE R. MUNSELL.

Maryland women in the war--Barbara Frietchie--Effie Titlow--Mrs. Munsell's labors in the hospitals after Antietam and Gettysburg--Her death from over-exertion. 522, 523