Act ii. Sc. 5).
In such cases, however, ‘a’ cannot be parsed as an article. Many opinions have been given, but perhaps Cobbett, who holds it to be an abbreviation for ‘at,’ meaning ‘without doubt,’ has gained the most supporters. In the _Spectator_, No. 86, we find, ‘Socrates’ disciples burst out _a_ laughing,’ and in No. 420, ‘The spirits which set the springs _a_ going.’ Such are by no means archaic forms of speech in the North Riding, ‘bud ez common ez pigs _a_ grunting at yan anuther.’
The definite article, as mentioned elsewhere, is ‘t’.’ To this rule there are very few exceptions. Before certain letters it is almost inaudible; nevertheless, it is always there. It may be said, and with truth, that a perfect mastery of the definite article, both in speaking and hearing it spoken, has advanced those desirous of knowing something of our folk-speech—rather more than half of their journey. I know many people who are fluent speakers of the dialect, but who read it, even when in printed form, with the greatest difficulty; others who can read fairly well, but so far as understanding the dialect when spoken, might as well listen to a batch of Chocktaw Indians, as two or three good old Yorkshire dames when fairly letting out.
A Frenchman once said to me, ‘I could understand you English people, if you did not speak so quickly.’ Aye, just so, and so would many another body from other counties understand a great deal of what our country folk say if each word was uttered separately, but with us, as in standard English, very frequently no pause is made between commas; so the difficulty increases tenfold, when a stranger strives to follow a fairly classical dalesman or woman. Take, for instance, a few words which the other day I heard a woman shout across a village street to her daughter. Firstly, as they sounded when uttered, then the same as they would be written, and thirdly, the translation.
_As spoken._ Teggattenlaadsitwinner.
_As written._ T’ egg at t’ ‘en laad’s i’ t’ winner[99].
_Standard English._ The egg (that) the hen laid is in the window.
NUMBER.
This, with only a few exceptions, follows the ordinary rule of grammar.
CASE.
The possessive case is noted elsewhere.
GENDER.
The same as in standard English, with this slight deviation: many things which are neuter are spoken of as being of the feminine gender. Ex.—‘Sha’s a fine stack;’ ‘Sha’s a bit rough ti-daay,’ speaking of the sea; ‘Sha’s gitten a fine bole on her,’ speaking of an oak. There can be no rule given for guidance, because in a compound sentence the same noun is sometimes both feminine and neuter. A man speaking of his watch said, ‘It’s yan ov t’ best ’at Ah ivver ’ed; sha’s a good un,’ i.e. ‘It is one of the best that I ever had; she is a good one.’
ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives which in standard English are compared by the addition of _more_ and _most_ to the positive, generally form their degrees of comparison by the addition of _er_ or _r_ for the comparative, and _ist_ or _st_ for the superlative; e.g.—
POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE. True truer truist Expensive expensiver expensivist. Dangerous dangerouser dangerousist. Okkad (awkward) okkader okkadist. Forrad (forward) forrader fo’derist.
Though it is quite common to hear such expressions as ‘mair okkader’ or ‘t’ maist okkadist,’ and the like, with other adjectives, it is also not uncommon for the adjective to be used as an adverb, as ‘It’s easy deean.’
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
FIRST PERSON.
_Nom._ _Poss._ _Obj._ {I, thou, he, she, it. {I mine me. SING. {Ah, thoo, tha, _or_ ta, SING. {Ah mahn ma. { he, sha, it, ’t.
PLU. {We you they us. PLU. {Thou thine thee. {Wa ya tha uz. {Thoo thahn thee.
There is no rule to guide the student in the use of _thoo_, _tha_, _ta_. In a general way _ta_ follows an auxiliary verb, and _thoo_, used in the accusative case, is definite in its application. ‘He’s shooting o’ thoo,’ and ’he’s shooting o’ tha,’ have a well-marked distinction of meaning. ‘He’s shooting o’ thoo’ implies that the person told of the fact is the actual person being shouted of; not only does it point him out from amongst many, but the fact that _thoo_ was used further implies that the shouting had better be attended to at once. ‘He’s shooting o’ tha,’ is merely certain information given, making known to some other person that he was being called for without regard to others.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
Who which that. Wheea _or_ whau which that _or_ ’at[100].
_Who_ and _which_ are declined as follows. _That_ and _what_ as in standard English.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL.
STAND. ENG. NTH. RIDING. | STAND. ENG. NTH. RIDING. _Nom._ Who whau, | Which which. wheea. | _Poss._ Whose whaus | Whose wheeas, wheeas. | whaus. _Obj._ Whom whaum. | Which which.
The compound relatives are formed by the addition of _ever_ and _soever_; _’at_ forming the compound _’ativver_, i.e. _whatever_.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS and the compound personal and possessives are formed as under:—
STAND. ENG. My mine thy thine his her NTH. RIDING. Mah mahn {thah} thahn his her {thi }
STAND. ENG. Its our your their own NTH. RIDING. Its oor _or_ wer yer ther awn
STAND. ENG. Myself thyself himself herself NTH. RIDING. {Mahsel thisel hissel hersel {Mahsen thisen hissen hersen
STAND. ENG. Itself ourselves yourselves NTH. RIDING. {Itsel oorsels _or_ -sens yersels {Itsen wersels _or_ -sens yersens
STAND. ENG. Theirselves ownselves. NTH. RIDING. {Thersels awnsels {Thersens awnsens.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
_This_ and _that_ are used as follows:—
_This_ refers to an object near at hand, _that_ is rarely used, _yon_ being almost universal, e.g. ‘Yon man ower theer ’ll tell tha.’ _Q._ ‘Which is Mister Thompson?’ _A._ ‘Yon chap’s him,’ i.e. ‘That man is Mr. Thompson.’
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
Any both some other another one none such Onny beeath sum uther anuther yan neean sich, sike
_Yan_ and _yah_ are noticed elsewhere, also _vide_ Glossary.
ADVERBS.
Adverbial peculiarities are fully noticed in the Glossary.
The PREPOSITIONS and ADVERBS mostly in use are:—
About, _aboot_.
Above, _aboon_.
Across, _quarrelled_. ‘Him an’ me’s gitten across.’
After, _efter_ or _efther_[101].
Against, _ower agaanst_, near to.
Among, _amang_. Amongst, _amangst_.
Before, _afoor_. ‘For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect’ (Isa. xviii. 5).
Behind, _ahint_.
Between, _atween_.
Betwixt, _atwixt_.
Beyond, _ayont_, _beyont_.
By, _byv_ or _by_, pronounced _be_.
From, _fra_ before a consonant, _frev_ before a vowel.
In, _i’_.
Into, _intiv_, _inti_, _intil_.
Near, _near-hand_.
Nigh, _near_, _ommaist_, also _nigh_.
Of, _ov_ and _foor_.
Over, _ower_ and _aboon_.
Beyond, _past_. ‘He did entreat me _past_ my saying nay’ (_Merchant of Venice_, Act iii. Sc. 2).
Too, _ower_.
With, _wi’_, _wiv_.
_Until_ is never used, _whahl_ always taking its place: no exception to this rule.
It may be noted this peculiarity extends to the south of Northamptonshire.
THE VERB.
It will only be possible to note one or two of the more striking peculiarities.
TO BE.
_Indicative Mood._
Has two forms of the present tense.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah is, _or_ Ah’s. _I am_, &c. Wă } {Wa’re, _we are_. Thoo is, _or_ Thoo’s. Yă } are, _or_ {Ya’re. He, Sha, _or_ it is. Thă} {Thă’re.
Also the older form is quite common—
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah be. _I am_, &c. Wă } Thoo beest _or_ byst. Yă } be. He be. Thă}
Examples:—
‘Ah be gahin’ ti morn.’
‘Thoo byst efter neea good.’
‘We be twelve brethren’ (Gen. xlii. 32).
‘If thou beest he’ (_Paradise Lost_, Bk. i. 84).
‘If thou beest death’ (_Henry VI, Part II_, Act iii. Sc. 3).
‘If thou beest rated by estimation’ (_Merchant of Venice_, Act ii. Sc. 7).
IMPERFECT.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah war, wur, _or_ wuz. _I was_, &c. Wa } Thoo war, wur, _or_ wast Ya } war, wur, _or_ wuz He war, wur, _or_ wuz. Tha}
PERFECT.
‘Ev _or_ hev. The aspirate is rarely heard.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah ’ev been. _I have been_, &c. Wa } Thoo ’est been. Ya } ’ev been. He’s _or_ he ’ez been. Tha}
PLUPERFECT.
Ah hed _or_ ’ed been, &c.
FIRST FUTURE.
Ah s’all _or_ will be, &c.
SECOND FUTURE.
Ah s’all _or_ will ’ev been, _or_ Ah s’all ’a’e been.
_Imperative Mood._
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Let ma be. Let uz be. Be thoo. Be ya. Be he, let him, her, _or_ it be. {Let ’em be. {Be tha.
_Subjunctive Mood._
SINGULAR.
Ah be, _or_ Ah maay _or_ can be. Be thoo, _or_ thoo mayest _or_ canst be. He be, _or_ he may _or_ can be.
PLURAL.
Wa } Ya } may _or_ can be. Tha}
IMPERFECT.
SINGULAR.
Ah war, mud, c’u’d, wad, _or_ s’u’d be } Thoo wert, mudst, c’u’dst, wadst, _or_ s’u’dst be} loved. He war, mud, c’u’d, wad, _or_ s’u’d be }
PLURAL.
Wa war, } Ya war, } wur, mud, c’u’d, wad, _or_ s’u’d be loved. Tha war,}
PERFECT.
Ah maay _or_ can ’ev } Tho maayst _or_ canst ’ev } loved. Tha may _or_ can ’ev }
PLUPERFECT.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah mud, &c. Wa mud, &c.
_Infinitive Mood._
PRESENT. PERFECT. Ti be. Ti ’a’e _or_ ’ev been.
_Participles._
PRESENT. PERFECT. COMPOUND PERFECT. Being. Been. ‘Evin’ been.
TO HAVE.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah’ve, Ah ’a’e, _or_ Ah ’ev. _I have_, &c. Wa’ve, ‘, or ’ev. _We have._ Thoo’s _or_ thoo ’ez. Ya’ve, ‘, _or_ ’ev. He’s _or_ he ’ez. Tha’ve, ‘, _or_ ’ev.
PERFECT.
Ah’d, Ah ’ed. _I had._ Wa’d, wa ’ed. Thoo’d, thoo ’ed. Ya’d, ya ’ed. He’d, he ’ed. Tha’d, tha ’ed.
_Affirmative._
Ah’ve, _or_ Ah ’ev tă’en. Wa’ve, _or_ wa ’ev tă’en. _I have taken._ _We have taken._
Thoo’s tă’en. Ya’ve, _or_ ya ’ev tă’en. _You have taken._ He’s tă’en. Tha’ve, _or_ tha ’ev tă’en. _They have taken._
_Negative._
Ah ’evn’t, _or_ Ah ’a’en’t ta’en. Wă ’evn’t, _or_ wă ’a’en’t ta’en. _I have not taken._ _We have not taken._ Thoo’s nut, _or_ thoo ’ezn’t [102]Yă’ve nut, _or_ yă ’a’en’t ta’en. ta’en. _You have not taken._ He’s nut, _or_ he ’ezn’t ta’en. [102]Thă’ve nut, or thă ’a’en’t ta’en. _They have not taken._
_Interrogative._
SINGULAR. PLURAL. ‘Ev Ah ta’en? _Have I taken?_ ‘Ev wă, _or_ ‘ wă ta’en? _Have we taken?_ ‘Ez tă ta’en? ‘Ev yă, _or_ ‘ yă ta’en? ‘Ez ă[103] ta’en? ‘Ev thă, _or_ ‘ thă ta’en?
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Ah’d, _or_ Ah ’ed. _I had._ Wa’d, _or_ wa ’ed. _We had._ Thoo’d, _or_ thoo ’ed. _Thou hadst._ Ya’d, _or_ ya ’ed. _You had._ He’d, _or_ he ’ed. _He had._ Tha’d, _or_ tha ’ed. _They had._
_Imperative Mood._
‘A’e _or_ ’ev (have).
_Infinitive Mood._
Ti ’ev, _or_ ti ’a’e. _To have._
_Participles._
PRESENT. PAST. ‘Evin’, _having_. ‘Ed _or_ ’ad, _had_.
TO DO.
_Indicative Mood._
PRESENT TENSE.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah deea, diz, _or_ duz. _I do._ Wă } Thoo diz _or_ duz. Yă } deea _or_ div. He diz _or_ duz. Thă}
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah deean’t. _I do not._ Wa deean’t _or_ divn’t[104]. Thoo dizn’t _or_ deean’t. Ya deean’t _or_ divn’t. He dizn’t. Tha deean’t _or_ divn’t.
MAY.
Ah maay. Wa } Thoo maayst. Ya } maay. He maay. Tha}
IMPERFECT TENSE—Might.
Ah mud _or_ might. Wa } Thoo mud. Ya } mud _or_ might. He mud. Tha}
Must. Must not. SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah } Wa } Ah } maun’t Wa } maun’t Thoo} mun. Ya } mun. Thoo} _or_ Ya } _or_ He } Tha} He } munnot. Tha} munnot.
TO GO.
ACTIVE VOICE.
_Indicative Mood._
PRESENT TENSE.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. Ah gan, _or_ goa. Wa } Thoo’s gahin’ _or_ gannin’. Ya } gan _or_ goa. He gans. Tha}
INDEFINITE—I was going.
Ah war, wur, _or_ wuz} gahin’ Wa war, wur, _or_ wuz } gahin’ Thoo wast _or_ wart } _or_ Ya war, wur, _or_ wuz } _or_ He war _or_ wuz } gannin’. Tha war, wur, _or_ wuz} gannin’.
INDEFINITE PERFECT—I have gone.
Ah ’ev _or_ Ah’ve } Wa ’ev _or_ wa’ve } Thoo’s _or_ thoo ’ez} gane _or_ Ya ’ev _or_ ya’ve } gane _or_ He’s _or_ he ’ez } geean. Tha’ev _or_ tha’ve} geean.
_Infinitive Mood._
PRESENT. PROGRESSIVE. Ti gan. _To go._ Ti be gahin’ _or_ gannin’. _To be going._
PERFECT. PROGRESSIVE. Ti ’ev gane _or_ ti ’a’e geean. Ti ’ev been gahin’. _To have gone._ _To have been going._
PRESENT. Gahin’ _or_ ganning. _Going._
PERFECT. Geean _or_ gane. _Gone._
COMPOUND. Having geean _or_ gane. _Having gone._
Observe _is_ and _be_ generally take the place of _are_ and _am_. In fact, the latter word is very rarely heard amongst the country people. ‘Are you Tom?’ in the folk-speech, would be, ‘Is ta Tom?’—the answer would not be ‘Ah am!’ but ‘Ah is!’
_Q._ ‘Is ta gahin’ wiv uz[105]?’ i.e. ‘Are you going with me?’
_A._ ‘Neea, Ah’s nut,’ or ‘Neea, Ah isn’t,’ i.e. ‘No, I is not’ (I am not).
_Nobbut_, as a sign of the conditional mood, is quite as general as _if_.
_Q._ ‘Will ta cum?’ Will you come?
_A._ ‘Nobbut it be owt leyke, an’ nobbut I git deean;’ i. e. ‘If it be anything like’ (as to weather), ‘and if only I finish my work.’
It is not uncommon to hear the future tense used for the present, and in many instances the country people, as it were, confuse the perfect tense and perfect participle. ‘Ah’ve chose t’ whip ’at Ah want.’ ‘I have chosen the whip I want (_or_ like).’
‘’Ez ta broke t’ winder?’ would be asked in a whisper, but ‘Aye, he’s brokken ’t,’ would certainly be the form in which it would be shouted to the other boys. ‘Ah’ve spoke tiv him mair ’an yance,’ would be the form such a declaration would take from one confiding to another the hopelessness of making any further entreaties; but ‘Ah’ve spokken tiv him ower an’ up agaan,’ would be the language used when temper was in the ascendent. Nevertheless, those who would consider vulgar such sentences as have been given, are apt to forget that the accepted rules which govern the speech of to-day are only correct because they are of to-day. The rules which were once accepted may have been laid aside in favour of others; but the country people move slowly—their speech is that of their grandparents, and it is what they have been used to all their lives. They know nothing of the new order of things. And again, they keep very good company.
Examples:—
‘I have already _chose_ my officer.’ _Othello_, Act i. Sc. 1.
‘Methought this staff, mine office badge in court, was _broke_ in twain.’—_Henry VI, Part II_, Act i. Sc. 2.
‘By what yourself too late have _spoke_ and done.’ _King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 4.
‘Why was this _forbid_?’—_Paradise Lost_, Bk. ix. 703.
‘Waiting desirous her return, had wove Of choicest flowers a garland.’ _Paradise Lost_, Bk. ix. 839.
Steele, in the _Spectator_ (No. 344), has, ‘I have _wrote_ to you three or four times.’ And he is generally acknowledged to have been a fairly good scholar, but then his writings go back a hundred years, and they spoke differently then. Our people speak very much like it now.
The formation of the perfect and of the participle vary considerably from that of ordinary grammar. As a rule the past participle is formed by the addition of _en_. There are other striking peculiarities in the vowel changes. A list of some of the leading ones is here given.
_Present._ _Perfect._ _Participles._ Build Belt Belt Beeat (beat) Bet Betten Bid Bad Bidden, bodden Binnd (bind) Bun _or_ bund Bun, bund, _or_ bunden Bleead (bleed) Bled, blaad Bledden Break, breek (break) Brak Brokken Brust (burst) Brast Brussen, brossen Cast Kest Kessen Cheease (choose) Choaze Chozzen Coss (curse) Coss’d Coss’d, cossen Cost Cost Cossen Creeap (creep) Crep _or_ crop Croppen Cum (come) Cam, com Cum’d Cut (cut) Cut Cutten Darr (dare) Dast Darrd Drahve (drive) Drave Drovven _or_ druvven Felt (hide) Felt Felted Feyght (fight) Fowt Fowten Finnd (find) Fan Fun Flig (fly) Fligg’d Fligg’d Fling (fling) Flang Flung Flit (to change one’s abode) Flitted Flitten Freeze (freeze) Fraze Frozzen Gi’e (give) Gav or ga Geen[106] Git (get) Gat Gitten, getten, _or_ gotten Greeap _or_ group (grope) Grape Groupen _or_ groppen Grund, grahnd (grind) Grund Grun _or_ grunded Ho’d (hold) Ho’ded Ho’dden Ho’t (hurt) Ho’t Ho’tten Kep (catch) Kept Kept, keppen Lap (wrap) Lapt, lapp’d Lappen _or_ lappen’d Let (let) Let Letten Lig (lay) Lig’d, lihd Lihn Lig (lie) Lig’d Liggen _or_ lig’d Leet (light) Let Letten Loose (loose) Lowse Lowsen Loss (lose) Lost Lossen Preeave (prove) Preeav’d Provven _or_ pruvven Put (put) Put Putten Rahd (ride) Rade Ridden _or_ rodden Rahse (rise) Roase Risen _or_ rosen Rahve (tear) Rave Rovven Set Set Setten Shak (shake) Shak’t Shak’t _or_ shakken Shed (shed) Shed Shedden Shoe (shoe) Shod Shodden Shut (shut) _or_ shoot Shut Shutten Sit (sit) Sat Setten Slet (slit) Slet Slitten Smit (infect) Smitted Smittel’d Snaw (snow) Snew Snawn _or_ snaw’d Speeak (speak) Spak Spokken Splet (split) Splet Spletten Spreead (spread) Sprade Sprodden Stan (stand) Steead Stooden Stick (stick) Stack Stucken Straad (stride) Stroade, straad, _or_ strahd Strodden Strahve (strive) Strahve _or_ stroave Struvven _or_ strovven Strike (strike) Strake, strak Strukken Tak (take) Teeak, teuk Ta’en, takken, _or_ tuckken Tell Tell’d, tell’t Tell’d, tell’t Thrahve (thrive) Throv, thrahve Throvven Thrust (thrust) Thrast, throst Throssen _or_ thrussen Treead (tread) Trade, tred Trodden Wet (wet) Wet Wetten Win (win) Wan Won Worrk (work) Wrowt, wark’d Wrowt _or_ wrowten Wreyte (write) Wrate Written
CONJUNCTIONS.
Some of those generally in use will be found contained in the following request:—
‘Tommy’s cum’d, _an’_ Jimmy _an’ all_. Noo, _if so be as hoo ’at_ wa caan’t finnd hoos-room for baith _on_[107] ’em, could thoo, _wivoot_ putting thisen aboot, mannish ti tak Jimmy in? _Bud, hooivver_, thoo knaws _if in case ’at_ thoo caan’t mannish ti deea ’t foor all t’ tahm tha’re here, can ta _whahl_ t’ daay efter ti morn? Tha’ve cum’d _for ti_ see Mary. _Nowther_ on ’em’s clapt ees on her _sen_ sha went ti pleeace, _an’ seeaner ’an_ tha s’u’dn’t ’a’e seen her, Ah wad ’a’e geean ti my aunt Martha; bud Ah’d better stop at yam _ez_ gan theer, _if so be ’at_ thoo can mannish ’t onny road. _Besides, thoo knaws_ thi larl Lizzie could cum _an’_ lig wiv oor Freddy, _bidoot_ thoo _ligs_ her on t’ sōfy. Ah think _’at_ that wad be t’ better waay; noo, what diz ta saay?’
_Key._
‘Tommy has come, _and_ Jimmy _as well_. Now, _if_ we cannot find room for both on them, could you, _without_ inconveniencing yourself, manage to take Jimmy in? _Still, if_ you cannot manage to do so for all the time they are here, can you _until_ the day after to-morrow. They have come to see Mary, _neither_ of them having seen her _since_ she went to place—i.e. situation. _And rather than_ they should have missed seeing her, I would have gone to my aunt Martha; but I had better stay at home _than_ go there, _if_ you can manage it anyway. _Besides_, your little Lizzie could come _and_ sleep with our Freddy, _unless_ you _lay_ her on the sofa. I think _that_ would be the best; now, what do you say?’
In reading the key over, it will be found, in several instances, that a single word does duty for several. This tendency towards redundancy is very common, e.g. ‘If so be as how ’at wa cannot,’ simply means ‘If we cannot’; and ‘Besides, thoo knaws,’ is ’besides.’ Instead of the last word, ‘besides,’ the usage of ‘An’ moreover ’an that’ is very common.
The rule that prepositions govern the objective case, expressed or understood, the conjunction never, holds good in the folk-speech.
The conjunctions in italics are very rarely used, those in brackets commonly taking their place.
‘Ah s’all be theer (an’ all),’ _as well_.
‘(Bud hooivver) thoo mun cum,’ _still_.
‘(Wivoot) Ah cum, deean’t start,’ _unless_.
‘(Ez) stop wiv him, Ah’ll cum,’ _rather than_.
‘Ah’ve cum (for ti) see Tom,’ _in order to_.
‘Deean’t leeave t’ hoss (bidoot) he gi’es tha t’ brass,’ _unless_.
‘Thoo wait (whahl) Ah cum,’ _until_.
There are many who consider the folk-speech of our country people little better than a mixture of about equal parts of bad grammar and mispronunciation. Such a notion, I feel sure, can only have arisen from either a lack of information or undue haste. From such I would humbly crave a reconsideration of the case.
I can well understand those who know little of the various sources through which the standard English of to-day has come down to us, considering such words as those contained in the following list as being vulgar—_backerly_, _balk_, _belly-wark_, _botch_, _cant_, _chaamer_, _clag_, _cleg_, _drukken_, _flacker_, _flit_, _fra_, _lake_, _lang_, _leck_, _lig_, _lop_, _lown_, _luke_, _mirk_, _neeaze_, _owerwelt_, _raun_, _roke_, _rud_, _scraffle_, _shive_, _snite_, _steg_, _stob_, _stower_, _sump_, _theeak_, _thrave_, _till_, &c. Though some words in the list may be new to the reader, they are in common usage amongst our people. And what is much more to their credit, every one of them were doing duty hundreds of years ago. And as in many cases the pronunciation is identical with that of their Danish relations, we have grounds for assuming that not only has the word itself been preserved, but the actual sound in which it was formerly uttered, though the spelling often differs greatly in the two countries. Take, as a single example, the North Riding word ’stower’; the Danish word is spelt ’staver,’ but the pronunciation is exactly the same in both countries. Therefore, as Angus says, if the sound rather than the spelling be taken, the similarity of the languages will be found to be much more striking. A few so-called vulgar words and their respectable relations are given in the following list.
NOTE.—Scandinavian in this list must be taken in its widest sense, as including Old Norse, Frisian, Swedish, and Danish.
_North Riding._ _Scandinavian._ _Anglo-Saxon._ _English._ Backerly Bagerlig ... Late Backstan Bage-sten ... A stone for baking cakes on Balk Balk Balca Beam Band Baand (O. N.) ... String Belly-wark Bælg-værk Bælig-wærc Stomach-ache Bid Byde Beōdan To invite Bor Borre ... Seed of the burdock Blendcorn Blandkorn ... Mixed corn Botch Bota Botian To mend clumsily Brave Brav ... Goodly Brede Bredde Bræd Breadth Cant Kante, Kanta ... To tilt on end Calf Kalve, _v._ to calve ... Calf Chaamer Kammer ... Chamber Clag Klæg Clæg To stick Clap Klap ... To pat Cleg Klæge ... Horse-fly Clovver Klaver Klaver (Dutch) Clover Clip Klippe ... To clip Drukken Drukken ... Drunken Eaves Ovs Efesse The eaves Fau’k, Folk, Fooak Folk ... People Felt Fela, fiæle Feolan To hide Flacker Flagre ... To flutter Flittermouse Flaggermus ... The bat Flit Flytte ... To remove to another house Fore-elders Forældre ... Forefathers Fra Fra Fra From Gimmer Gimmer ... Ewe lamb Glooar Gloe ... To stare Gob Gab ... Mouth Havermeal Havre mel ... Oatmeal Handsel Handsel Handselen First money received Holm Holm ... Low-lying land Hoos Hus ... House Humble-bee Humlebi ... Humble-bee Kist Kiste Cist A chest Laat, lait Lait ... To seek Lake, laak Leka Lacan To play Lake, laak Leg, lec Lac A game Lang Læng ... Long Leck Lække Leccan To leak Lig Ligge Liggan To lie down Lop Loppe ... A flea Lown Luun ... Calm, still Luke Luge ... To weed Middin Modding Midding A dunghill Mirk Mork Mirc Dark Neeaze Nyse Niesan To sneeze Owerwelt Awvælt ... To lie on the back as a sheep Raun Rawn ... Fish-spawn Riggintree Rygtræ ... The topmost spar in the roof Roke Rok ... A misty rain Rud Rod[108] ... Red ochre Scraffle Scravle ... To walk in a feeble way Shive Skive ... A slice Suite Snyde ... To blow the nose Steg Steggi ... A gander Stob Stub ... The stump of a tree Stower Staver ... A stake, a rung Sump Sump ... Boggy place Theeak Tække ... Thatch Thrave Trave ... A number of sheaves of corn Till Til ... To Yule keeak Yule kage ... Yule cake
This list might have been greatly extended, but the above suffices for the purpose of proving that many of the words considered vulgar are simply venerable through age. If we inquire a little further, we shall find not only the words, but the form of speech used by our people, which so often seems ungrammatical, is actually that of the best writers of bygone ages. The fact is, as has been already stated, our vocabulary and mode of speech is not of to-day, but belongs to the time of long ago.
From Spenser’s _Faerie Queen_ take as examples the following words and grammatical forms, which are quite common with us to-day:—
That seemed both shield and plate it would have _rived_. _For to_ avenge that foul, reproachful shame. To lose long _gotten_ honour with one evil hond. Much greater grief and _shamefuller_ regret. In hope her to attain by _hook or crook_. To _tossen_ spear and shield. _Me leifer_ were with point of foeman’s spear be dead. ... how stout Deborah _strake_. Inglorious now lies in senseless _swownd_. But _lapped_ up her silken leaves most _chare_. Fast _bounden_ hand and foot with cords of wire. But, glancing on the tempered metal, _brast_. And ever and anon, when none was _ware_. And from her head oft rent her _snarled_ hair.
In _Piers Ploughman_, 1362, by R. Langton:—
Under a brood bank—By a _burn’s_ side. * * * * * Some _putten hem_ to the plough.
_The Parsone’s Tale_:—
And _axeth_ of the old ways. ... ought to _plain_.
Wicliff, 1380:—
And he eat _honeysoukis_.
_The Prodigal Sone_, 1380:—
Tweie sonnes. And the younger of _hem_. A ryng on his hond, and _schoon_ on his feet. And when he _cam_.
Tyndale, 1534:—
And not long after the younger sonne _gaddered_ all that he had _togedder_. And when he _cam_. And _axed_ what these things meant. From the Epistle to the Romans.
Also—_Geven_, _goven_, _moun_, _quyt_ (quit = to repay), _stakker trone_[109] (throne), and scores of others are quite common with us.
The following past tenses are given by Angus as obsolete, and as having been so for long:—_fand_, _flang_, _slang_, _stang_, _wan_, _wrang_, every one of which are in frequent use.
In Wicliff’s edition of the Bible we have:—
‘The keperis weren _afeered_.’ ‘And _brak_.’ ‘The wisdom of this world _fonned_.’ ‘Clensed with _besyms_.’ ‘Mayster Moses seide if _ony_ man.’ ‘_Twey_ men.’ ‘_Ridile_ as whete,’ ‘Joseph _lappide_ it’ (St. Matthew). ‘_Moun_ comprehende with alle seyntis which is _breed_’ (Eph.). ‘He _concitide_’ (St. Luke). ‘And _telde_ him’ (Acts). ‘It schal not _rewe_ Him’ (Hebrews).
Such words, when uttered by our country people, are not vulgar, though they may sound odd, but that is because they are old fashioned and unfamiliar; and if their utterance has no charm for you, then it is music you never heard in your youth, and which your ear can never rightly appreciate. So that you may see at a glance to what extent the language has altered, and how the folk-speech has remained almost stationary during the last three or four hundred years, let us compare a few of the commonest North Riding words of to-day with the standard English of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries.
_Words of the 13th, _Standard English as pronounced 14th, and 15th _Common North in 1898, or giving centuries, taken Riding words, the word which has supplanted from the best 1898._ the older one._ authors._
Afeered Afeeard Afraid Axed Axed Asked Besyms Bizzums, buzzums Broom Bounden Bounden Bound Brak Brak Broke Brast Brast Burst Breede Breed Breadth Burn Burn Stream Cam Cam Came Chare Chare Carefully Concitide Consated Imagined, opinionated Fain Fain Gladly Fand Fand Found Flang Flang Flung Flig Flig To fly Fonned Fond Foolish Gaddered Gaddered Gathered Geven Geven(1) } Goven Govven(1)} Given Gotten Gotten Got Lapped Lapped } Lappide Lapp’t } Wrapped Laverock Lairock _or_ laverock The lark Leifer Leif _or_ leifer Soon, willingly Moniment Moniment Monument Mown Mun Must Ony Onny Any Partinge Parting Division Plain Pleean Complain Putten Putten Put Quyt Quit To repay Rewe Rewe Repent Ridile Ruddle _or_ riddle To sift Shamefuller Shamefuller Very disgraceful Snarled Snarled Knotted Stakker Stakker Stagger Strake Strake Struck Swownd Swound _or_ soond To faint Telde Tell’d _or_ tell’t Told Threpe Threeap Argue, contend Togedder Togedder Together Tossen Tossen To throw Twey Tweea Two Ware Ware Beware Wrack Wrack Destruction By hook or crook By hook or crook By any means
(1) ‘Gi’en’ is by far the most general. Still, amongst the older people, one often hears ‘geven’ and ‘govven.’
Need I add more to prove my case? I think not.
Those interested are requested to read the concluding remarks at the end of the Glossary.
GLOSSARY
OF ABOUT FOUR THOUSAND NORTH RIDING WORDS
_Giving only those daily in use at the present time, 1898, together with more than 1000 sentences as examples of the dialect._
FOR RARE AND OBSOLETE WORDS, SEE OTHER GLOSSARIES.
N.B.—Some words as we pass from east to west of the North Riding differ slightly in pronunciation; such, when established over a sufficiently wide area, have been included in the Glossary. It is owing to this that the spelling of the same word varies throughout the work, as in all cases the dialect has been given in accordance with the pronunciation of the locality in which the incident or word uttered occurred. As a single example, take ‘fau’k,’ which is universal along the coast; further inland, in the Great Ayton and Stokesley district ‘fau’k’ and ‘fooak’ are equally common, whilst in Wensleydale and Swaledale ‘fooak’ is only heard.
ABBREVIATIONS.
abv. = abbreviated. _adj._ = adjective. _adv._ = adverb. _conj._ = conjunction. _pron._ = pronoun. ex. = example. _intj._ = interjection. _n._ = noun. N.R. = North Riding. _v._ = verb. _part._ = participle. _pp._ = past participle. _prep._ = preposition. _pret._ = preterit. _num._ = numeral.
A.
+A+ or +Eh+, _p._ _pr._ He. _Vide_ footnote, p. 326. [TN. Footnote 103]
+A+, _num._ _adj._ One. _Vide_ +Yah+, +Yan+.
+A’+, _adj._ All.
+Aa!+ _intj._ Exclamation of surprise, admiration.
+Aa+, but. +Aa+, but +Ah saay!+ _intj. of comparison_. Ex.—_Aa, but Ah saay!_ _Ah aim ’at yon pig’s better ’an oors._
+Aback+, _adv._ Behind.
+Aback o’ beyont+, _adv._ Out of sight, out of the way. Ex.—_Them things is sadly i’ t’ road. Ah wish thoo’d git ’em aback o’ beyont._
+Abeear+, _v._ To endure. Ex.—_Ah caan’t abeear t’ seet o’ yon lass._
+Aboon+, _prep._ Above.
+Aboon-heead+, _adv._ Overhead. Ex.—_It leeaks a bit blackish aboon-heead._
+Abraid+, _v._ To wake, to stir up.
+Abrede+, _adv._ Width.
+Accorn+, +Yackron+, _n._ The acorn.
+Acoz+, _conj._ Because; often abv. to ‘’coz.’
+Actilly+, _adv._ Actually.
+Addle+, _adj._ Barren.
+Addle+, _v._ To earn.
+Addlin’+, _n._ A term of contempt. Ex.—_Thoo larl addlin’, ger awaay wi’ tha._
+Addlin’s+, _n._ Wages.
+Admire+, _v._ 1. To approve, to like. 2. To wonder. Ex.—1. _Ah deean’t admire a job o’ that soart._ _Ah admire t’ maist o’ what he did._ 2. _Ah caan’t bud admire at t’ waay he did it._
+Adreead+, _adj._ In a state of fear.
+‘A’e+, +‘Ev+, _v._ Have.
+Aether+, +Owther+, _conj._ Either.
+Afeear’d+, _adj._ and _part._ Afraid, seized with fear.
+Afoor+, +Afur+, _prep._ Before.
+Afoor+- or +Afur-lang+, _adv._ Before long, very shortly.
+After+- or +Efter-birth+, _n._ Placenta.
+Afterwit, Efterwit+, _n._ An idea which strikes one often when too late to remedy a mistake.
+Agaan+, +Ageean+, _prep._ Again.
+Agaanst+ or +Ageeanst+, _prep._ Against.
+Agaate+, +Ageeat+, _adv._ 1. On the way. 2. Begun; also used as a _part._ 3. To disturb. 4. To set going. Ex.—1. _Wa s’all git agaate ti morn at morn._ 2. _Ah’s agaate wi’ ‘t noo._ 3. _Naay, what! Ah’d gitten all sattled peeacably, an’ thoo gans an’ sets ’em all agaate agaan._ 4. _Ah’ve putten a new pin in, an’ sha’s agaate agaan noo._
+Agee+, _adv._ Askew.
+Ah+, _per. pron._ I.
+Ah’ll+, I will.
+Ah’ll awaand+, I will warrant.
+Ah’ll be bun+, I will be bound, I am sure.
+Ahint+, _adv._ and _prep._ Behind.
+Aiblings+, _adv._ Maybe, perhaps.
+Aim+, +Aam+, +Yam+, _v._ 1. To intend. 2. To be under the impression. _Vide_ chapter on ‘Idioms.’ Ex.—1. _Wa aim ti start ti flit ti morn fust thing_, i.e. ‘We intend to remove our goods first thing to-morrow.’ 2. _Ah yam’d ’at he war Tommy’s bairn_, i.e. ‘I thought that he was Tom’s bairn.’
+Airm+, _n._ Arm.
+Airt+, _n._ Point of the compass. Ex.—_What airt is t’ wind in? Whya, sha’s nobbut iv a bad airt; Ah doot ’at it’s nut gahin’ ti tak up._
+Al+, +Yal+, _n._ Ale.
+Alaane+, +Aleean+, _adj._ Alone.
+Aliments+, _n._ Elements.
+All of a heh+, _adj._ Inclining to one side.
+All out+, _adv._ Altogether, absolutely.
+All ti nowt+, Gone to nothing, dwindled away.
+Ally+, +Ally-taw+, _n._ A boy’s taw of white marble, distinct from either a stony or glassy.
+Along of+, _prep._ Owing to, in consequence of.
+Amaist+, +Omaist+, _adv._ Almost.
+Amang+, _prep._ Among.
+Amang-hands+, Implies the doing of certain work coincidently with other labour.
+Amell+, _prep._ In the midst, between.
+Ance+, _Vide_ +Yance+.
+An’+, _conj._ And.
+‘An+, _conj._ Than.
+An’ all+, _conj._ and _adv_. As well as, besides, truly.
+Ane+, _num. adj._ One, usually followed by ’ither,’ i.e. other. Ex.—_If Ah’ll tak t’ ane, will thoo tak t’ ither? Vide_ +Yan+.
+Anew+, _adj._ Enough in number.
+Angry+, _adj._ Inflamed.
+Anotherkins+, _adj._ Different altogether. Ex.—_Sha sartinly raffled on tiv a gert len’th, bud sha nivver tell’d ma ’at Willie hed offered ti gi’e ma summat—that’s anotherkins, thoo knows._
+Anters+, _conj._ For fear, lest.
+Any+, +Onny+, _adv._ At all, in the least. Ex.—_Ah doan’t aim ’at he’ll help onny_, i.e. ‘I do not think that he will help at all.’ _He teeak ho’d, bud he didn’t lift onny_, i.e. ‘He took hold, but he did not lift in the least.’
+Apace+, +Apaace+, _adv._ With great speed. Ex.—_He’s gitten tweea mair lads; he’ll git on apaace noo._
+Appron+, _n._ The fat covering the belly of ducks and geese.
+Arf+, +Arfish+, _adj._ 1. Timid, fearful. 2. Unwilling. Ex.—1. _He wur a bit arfish when t’ dog boonced oot._ 2. _Naay, Ah deean’t think he’ll cum, he seem’d a bit arfish when Ah ax’d him._
+Argify+, _v._ To argue.
+Arn+, _v._ To earn.
+Arr+, _n._ A scar. Ex.—_Ah’s afeear’d he’ll be arr’d sairly on his feeace, he gat sae badly bo’nt._
+Arran web+, _n._ A cobweb.
+Arridge+, _n._ The rough edge left after either sawing or filing; the edge of a squared stone, of furniture, &c.
+Arse-end+, _n._ The end of a stook which rests upon the ground.
+Arsey-varsey+, Upside down, great confusion.
+Ashads+, _prep._ Beside.
+Asher+, _adj._ Ashen.
+Ask+, +Esk+, _n._ The newt.
+Aslew+, _adj._ Not perpendicular.
+Ass+, _v._ _Vide_ +Ax+.
+Asseer+, _v._ To assure, _adv._ Instead, in the place of.
+Assel-tree+, _n._ Axle-tree.
+Ass-hoal+, _n._ A hole with a grate over it, usually under the kitchen fire, to hold the fine ash.
+Assil-teeath+ or +-tewth+, _n._ A molar, a back tooth.
+Ass-manner+, _n._ Manure obtained from the ash-midden.
+Ass-midden+, _n._ The place in which ashes and other refuse is thrown.
+Asteead+, _adv._ Instead.
+As tite+, +Ez tite+, _adv._ As soon, rather, readily. Ex.—_Ah’d ez tite gan ez stop_, i.e. ‘I would as soon go as stay.’ _Ah’d ez tite kiss t’ dowter ez t’ muther_, i.e. ‘I would rather kiss the daughter than the mother.’
+‘At+, _rel. pron._ and _conj._ 1. Who. 2. That. 3. Which. Ex.—1. _Him ’at tell’d tha, tell’d tha wrang_, i.e. ‘He who told you, told you wrongly.’ 2. _Ah caan’t saay ’at ivver Ah did_, i.e. ‘I cannot say that ever I did.’
+At+, _prep._ 1. To. 2. Also used in a verbal sense of to worry. 3. To attack. 4. To bother. Ex.—1 and 3. _What’s he deean at tha ’at thoo s’u’d at him leyke that?_ i.e. ‘What has he done to you that you should attack or illuse him like that.’ 2 and 4. _Ah s’all ’ev ti let her ’ev t’ pup, ska’s awlus at ma aboot it._
+Atefter+ or +Atefther+, _adv._ Afterwards. Ex.—_Whya, noo, Ah’ll see tha atefter aboot it. Aye, that’s what he sed at fo’st, bud he tell’d a different taal atefter._
+Athout+, _prep._ and _conj._ Without, unless.
+Atop o’+, _prep._ On the top of.
+Atter+, _n._ Matter, mucus.
+Atween+, _prep._ Between.
+Au’d-feshioned+, _adj._ Precocious, antique.
+Au’d-leyke+, _adj._ Aged.
+Aught+, _n._ Anything.
+Aund+, +Awned+, _pp._ Possessed.
+Aw+, _adj._ All.
+Aw+, _intj._ Oh.
+Awaay+, _intj._ Go on, continue doing the same thing. Ex.—_It maay scream awaay foor owt ’at Ah care_, i.e. ‘Scream on.’ ‘Fight away, my lads.’ ‘Shout away, my boys.’
+Awaay-gannin’ crops+, _n._ The crops an outgoing tenant sows and reaps on the farm he is leaving, in consideration of certain other land which he has fallowed and manured.
+Awanting+, _adj._ 1. Needed. 2. Lacking sense. Ex.—1. _T’ land’s vastly awanting a sup o’ rain._ 2. _That bairn’s a bit awanting._
+Awe+, _Vide_ +Owe+.
+Awhahl+, _conj._ Awhile. _Vide_ +Whahl+.
+Awkward+, _Vide_ +Okkad+.
+Awlus+, +Allus+, _adv._ Always.
+Awm+, _n._ The elm.
+Awn+, _v._ 1. To own. 2. To admit. Ex.—1. _Ah awn t’ dog_, i.e. ‘I own the dog.’ 2. _Did ta awn tiv owt?_ i.e. ‘Did you admit anything?’ _Neea, Ah awned ti nowt_, i.e. ‘No, I admitted nothing.’ _Ti awn ti_, is ‘to confess.’
+Ax+, +Ax’d+, +Ass+, or +Ast+, _v._ To ask. Ex.—_Ah ax’d him, bud he wadn’t ’a’e neea truck. Ah’s ast oot ti tea ti morn at neet._ _Ah wadn’t ax him owt_, or _ass him_.
+Ax’d at chetch or chŭch+ } Publishing the banns. +Ax’d oot+ } Ex.—_Tha’ll be ax’d at chetch o’ Sunday; he’s putten t’ spurrings in._
+Aye+, +bairn+. Assent.
+Aye+, +foor seear+. Aye, for sure.
+Aye+, +marry+, _adv._ Certainly, yes. Ex.—_Diz ta believe what sha’s sed aboot Hannah? Aye, marry, that Ah deea—Hannah war sadly flowtered t’ other daay, when Ah plump’d her wi’ ‘t._
B.
+Bab+, +Babby+, _n._ A baby.
+Babbles an’ Saunters+, 1. Wearying repetitions. 2. Unreliable information. Ex.—1. _T’ sarmon war larl better ’an babbles an’ saunters._ 2. _Tak neea notish ov owt ’at sha sez, all ’at sha knaws is babbles an’ saunters._
+Back+, _v._ _Vide_ +Backen+.
+Back-bearaway+, _n._ The common bat.
+Back-burden+, _n._ A load carried on the back.
+Backen+, _v._ 1. To retard. 2. To hold in check. Ex.—1. _T’ frost ’ll backen things a gay bit._ 2. _Wa did all ’at ivver wa c’u’d, bud wa c’u’dn’t backen t’ inflammation; ’t ’ed gitten past deeaing owt, afoor t’ doctor cam._
+Back-end+, _n._ The time following harvest.
+Backendish+, _adj._ Winterly. Ex.—_It’s cau’d, an’ begins ti feel a larl bit backendish._
+Backerly+, _adj._ and _adv._ Late, backward.
+Backly+, _adv._ Late, backward.
+Backreck’nin’+, _n._ A misunderstanding. Ex.—_Noo Ah’ve maad it plaan, ’evn’t Ah? foor Ah deean’t want neea backreck’nin’ at efter._
+Back-talk+, _n._ Impudently answering again.
+Back-side+, _n._ 1. The back of the house. 2. That part which is opposed to the front of anything. Ex.—1. _Put t’ barrer at t’ back-side._ 2. _It’s at t’ back-side o’ t’ barn._
+Backstan+, _n._ A sheet of iron, sometimes a stone, having an iron hoop to hang it over the fire by, used to bake cakes upon.
+Back up, To get one’s+, To make angry.
+Back-word+, _adv._ To countermand, to decline.
+Bad+, _adj._ 1. Difficult. 2. Unwell. Ex.—1. _Ah finnd it varra bad ti deea._ 2. _Ah feel ez bad ez ivver Ah can._
+Bad+, +Bod+, _pret._ of ’to bid.’ Ex.—_Ah bad, an’ sha bod, an’ Tommy gat it._
+Badger+, _n._ A huckster.
+Badger+, _v._ To beat down in a bargain. Ex.—_Thoo mun ass him a lump mair ’an what thoo wants, foor he’s a despert yan at badgering._
+Badly+, _adv._ 1. Sickly, ill. 2. Very much. Ex.—1. _Mah wo’d, bud Ah is badly._ 2. _Ah’s badly i’ want ov a self-binnder. It badly wants leeaking teea._
+Badness+, _n._ Wickedness. Ex.—_He’s full o’ nowt bud badness._
+Bags Ah fuggy+, ‘I claim the first,’ whether it be innings or first place in a game, &c.
+Bahd+, _Vide_ +Bide+.
+Bainest+, _adj._ The nearest. Ex.—_It’s t’ bainest waay ti gan byv t’ pastur._
+Bairn+, +Barn+, +Baan+, _n._ A child.
+Bairn-birth+, _n._ Lying-in.
+Bairnish+, _adj._ Childish.
+Bairn-lakings+, _n._ Playthings.
+Bakin’+, _n._ The whole of the bread baked at one time.
+Bakus+, +Bakehoos+, _n._ The bakehouse.
+Balk+, +Bawk+, _n._ A beam, also a worthless corner of a field.
+Ball+, _n._ The palm of the hand, or sole of the foot.
+Bally-bleeazes+, _n._ A bonfire.
+Bam+, _n._ and _v._ 1. A cheat, a joke, to cheat. 2. To play a joke. Ex.—1. _He bamm’d ivvery hand he played._ 2. _He went all t’ waay ti Stowsla ti see her, an’ sha nivver cam oot; it war nowt bud a bam o’ Jack’s._
+Band+, _n._ String, twisted straw used by the harvesters to bind sheaves with.
+Band-maker+, _n._ A maker of bands in the harvest-field.
+Bang+, _v._ To thrash.
+Bangs all+, _v._ Surpasses everything. Ex.—_He bangs all, yon youth. That’s a capper; it bangs all, it diz._
+Bank up+, _v._ To collect in masses, as clouds.
+Banky+, _adj._ Hilly, applied to road or land.
+Bar+, _adj._ Bare.
+Barfan+, _n._ A horse-collar.
+Bargh+, +Barugh+, +Barf+, _n._ A hill forming part of a low ridge, as Lang Barugh, Great Ayton.
+Bargollies+, _n._ Young birds before they are feathered.
+Barguest+, _n._ An apparition, applied to ghosts in general.
+Barken’d+, _v._ Encrusted.
+Barley-bairn+, _n._ A child born shortly after marriage.
+Barm+, _n._ Yeast.
+Barren+, _n._ The external part of the sexual organ of a cow.
+Barrow+, _n._ The flannel in which a newly-born child is wrapped.
+Bass+, _n._ Any kind of matting made from reeds or grass.
+Bat+, _n._ 1. A blow. 2. A condition. 3. A small amount of work. Ex.—1. _Ah gav’ him sike a bat ower t’ lug._ 2. _He’s awlus at that bat_, i.e. ‘game.’ 3. _Ah’ve nut deean a bat sen yesterdaay._
+Bate+, _v._ To reduce in price. Ex.—_Thoo’ll ’a’e ti bate summat afoor wa can barg’in._
+Bath+, _v._ To wash a child; to foment with hot water.
+Batten+, _n._ Two sheaves of straw.
+Batter+, _n._ An inclination inwards, a narrowing towards the summit. A wall which is wider at the base than at the summit is said to ‘batter.’ Ex.—_Thoo’ll be leyke ti gi’e it a bit mair batter, foor if t’ bank at t’ back gi’es waay, it’ll nivver bahd it thrussin’ agaan ’t._
+Batter-fanged+, _adj._ Beaten and scratched by a woman. Ex.—_He nobbut sed tweea wo’ds ti Ann, when sha batter-fang’d him sairly._
+Battin+, _n._ A rafter of any length, 7 × 2½ in. thick.
+Baufy+, _adj._ Strong.
+Bavin+, _n._ A bundle of sticks.
+Bawks+, _n._ The yoke.
+Bazzak+, _v._ To strike with force.
+Beck+, _n._ A small stream.
+Bedfast+, _adj._ Confined to bed.
+Bed-happings+, _n._ Bedclothes.
+Bed-heead+, _n._ The pillow end.
+Bedho’dden+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Bedfast+.
+Bedoot+, +Beoot+, _prep._ 1. Without. 2. Unless. Ex.—1. _He’s gahin’ ti gan bedoot tha._ 2. _Bedoot thoo cums an’ all, Ah saan’t gan, soa thoo knaws._
+Bedstock+, _n._ The wooden frame of a bed.
+Bed-twilt+, _n._ Bed-quilt.
+Beeaf+, _n._ The bough of a tree. _Vide_ also Bugh.
+Beeak+, _v._ To bake.
+Beeal+, _v._ 1. To roar as an animal. 2. To cry out in pain. 3. To shout loudly. Ex.—1. _He beeal’d leyke a bull when tha catch’d him._ 2. _Ah nivver heeard a lass beeal oot leyke what sha did when t’ doctor cut her wicklow._ 3. _When he calls o’ yan, he beeals ez if yan war deeaf; he ommaist deavens yan._
+Beean+, _n._ A bone.
+Beean’t+, Be not (am not).
+Beearer+, _n._ Martingale.
+Beeas+, +Beeos+, +Beeast+, _n._ An animal of the ox kind.
+Beeaslings+, _n._ The first milk drawn from a cow after calving.
+Beeldin’+, _n._ A building.
+Bee-skep+, _n._ A straw hive.
+Behappen+, _v._ To happen to, perhaps.
+Behauf+, _n._ Behalf, sake.
+Beho’dden+, _pp._ To be indebted to.
+Belang+, _v._ To own, to belong to.
+Belder+, _v._ To bellow as a bull, to cry out loudly.
+Beleyke+, _adv._ Probably.
+Belk+, _v._ To belch.
+Bellacing+, _part._ A sound thrashing.
+Belly-cheer+, _n._ Good cheer.
+Belly-glut+, _n._ A greedy glutton.
+Belly-timber+, _n._ Food.
+Belly-wark+, _n._ A pain in the stomach.
+Belt+, _pp._ of ‘Build.’
+Bensil+, _n._ A blow.
+Bensiling+, _n._ A sound chastisement. Ex.—_Ah’ll gi’e tha sike a bensiling if ivver thoo cums that gam agaan._
+Benty+, _adj._ Wiry, blue-looking, applied to pasture herbage.
+Berry-tree+, _n._ The gooseberry tree.
+Bessy-babs+, _n._ One who behaves like a child.
+Bessy-bainworts+, _n._ Daisies.
+Bessy-ducker+ or -+douker+, _n._ The water-ousel.
+Best leg first, To put one’s+ = To hurry. Ex.—_If ya aim ti catch t’ traan ya’ll ’a’e ti put yer best leg fo’st._
+Best+ and +Bested+. Used in a verbal sense—1. To get the better of. 2. To overcome. Ex.—1. _Ah bested him_, i.e. ‘I got the better of him.’ 2. _Ah can seean best yon youth_, i.e. ‘I can soon vanquish that fellow,’
+Bethink+, +Bethowt+, _v._ To recollect. Ex.—_Ah caan’t bethink ma ov hauf o’ what sha sed. When Tom ga’ ma a inklin’ Ah bethowt ma ov ivverything ’at ’ed ta’en pleeace; aye, all ’at t’ ane ’ed sed ti t’ other, thoff afoor that all t’ lot ’ed cleean slipped fra mah mahnd._
+Better+, _adj._ and _v._ 1. More. 2. To gain by. 3. Improved in health. Ex.—1. _It’s better ’an a month sen._ 2. _Ah s’ better mysel by changing pleeaces._ 3. _Ah’s a lot better ti-daay._
+Bettering+, _n._ An improvement.
+Bettermy+, _adj._ 1. Used to denote those in a higher position. 2. Polished. Ex.—1. _T’ bettermy fau’k ’ez their waays, an’ wa’ ‘ev oors; bud when onny on ’em cums inti mah cottage, Ah awlus puts on mah bettermy manners, an’ Ah can scrape mah tongue an’ knack a bit wi t’ best on ’em._
+Beyont+, _prep._ Beyond.
+Bickerin+’, _n._ A wordy conflict, quarrelling. Ex.—_Tommy an’ Mary’s at it agaan; Ah nivver heeard sike bickerin’ deed ez yon tweea ’ev, tha’re awlus at it._
+Bid+, _v._ To invite to a funeral.
+Bidder+, _n._ The person deputed to bid guests to a funeral.
+Bide+, +Bahd+, _v._ 1. To endure. 2. To wait. 3. To dwell. Ex.—1. _Ah caan’t bahd yon chap._ 2. _Ah’ll bahd here whahl ya cum._ 3. _Wheear did ta bahd afoor thoo cam ti live here?_
+Big+, _adj._ Strong—of the wind. Ex.—_It war a fairly big wind last neet._
+Bigg+, _n._ Barley having four rows of ears on one stalk.
+Bike+, _n._ The nest of the wild bee.
+Bile+, _n._ A boil.
+Binch+, _n._ A bench to work upon.
+Bink+, _n._ A long seat of either stone or wood.
+Binnd+, _v._ To bind.
+Binnder+, +Binndther+, _n._ The tier-up of sheaves.
+Birk+, _n._ The birch-tree.
+Birr+, _n._ Rapid motion accompanied with a sound like whirr-r-r. Ex.—_T’ bo’ds gat up an’ went wi’ sike a birr, ’at Ah aim he war ti freet’n’d ti shut at ’em._
+Bishel+, _n._ A bushel.
+Bishopped+, _Vide_ Set on.
+Biv+, +Byv+, _prep._ By.
+Bizzum+, +Buzzum+, _n._ A broom.
+Bizzum-heead+, _n._ A person who is equally foolish and stupid.
+Bizzum-+ or +Buzzum-heeaded+, _adj._ Stupid and foolish.
+Black-clocks+, _n._ Black beetles.
+Blacking+, _n._ A severe scolding.
+Bladdry+, +Blathery+[110], _adj._ Muddy, applied to soft splashy mud.
+Blaeberry+, _n._ The bilberry.
+Blair+, _v._ To roar loudly, to shout loudly.
+Blake+, _adj._ Of a light golden hue, pale. Ex.—_Noo, that’s a bit o’ neyce blake butter. Thoo nobbut leeaks blakeish._
+Blake+, _v._ Intoxicated. Ex.—_Jim war fairly blake last neet._
+Blane+, _n._ A small boil.
+Blash+, _v._ 1. To splash with water. 2. _adj._ Nonsense, idle talk.
+Blashment+, _n._ Melted snow or soft mud.
+Blashy+, _adj._ Applied to wet weather. The roads are said to be ‘blashy’ when the snow melts.
+Blather+, _adj._ and _n._ Nonsense.
+Bleb+, _n._ A blister, a small bubble.
+Bleck+, _n._ The dirt and oil worked together on a machine.
+Bleea+, _n._ The inner bark of a tree.
+Blendcorn+, _n._ A mixture of wheat and rye.
+Blendings+, _n._ A mixture of peas and beans.
+Blether+, _n._ Noisy foolish talk.
+Bletherheead+, _n._ One full of silly talk.
+Blew milk+, _n._ Skim milk.
+Blind-worm+, _n._ A non-venomous snake.
+Blirt+, _v._ To tell anything suddenly. Ex.—_Yan caan’t trust Sally wi’ nowt, sha blirts oot all sha knows._
+Blish-blash+, _n._ Tittle-tattle.
+Blo’+, _n._ Bloom.
+Blob+, _v._ To bubble, as air rising in water. Ex.—_He tumm’l’d blob inti t’ beck_ is quite a common form of speech. The original meaning may have been that the falling in caused many bubbles.
+Bloss+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To make ugly, to disfigure. 2. A dowdy. Ex.—1. _Her feeace war bloss’d wi’ blebs an’ blanes._ 2. _Sha is a bloss is yon lass._
+Blotch+, _n._ A blot, a spot.
+Blubber+ or +Bluther+, _v._ To cry.
+Blur+, _v._ To blot or smear.
+Blurt+, _v._ To suddenly weep.
+Blustery+, _adj._ Squally.
+Blutherment+, _n._ Puddle, slush of any kind.
+Bobblekins+, _n._ The water buttercup.
+Bodden+, _v._ 1. To impose too heavy a task. 2. To accuse, to charge with. Ex.—1. _He’s bodd’n’d t’ lad wi’ mair an’ a day’s wark._ 2. _Well, an’ thoo’d ’a’e slapt her a feeace an’ all if sha’d bodd’n’d thee wi’ t’ seeam ez sha plump’d me wi’._
+Bodden+, _pp._ of ‘to bide.’
+Boddum+, _v._ To thoroughly investigate. Ex.—_Ah’ll boddum ’t if it cost ma fahve pund._
+Boddums+, _n._ and _adj._ Lowest, lowest ground.
+Boddy+, _n._ A person. Ex.—_Sha’s a deeacent boddy, is ‘Liza._
+Boggart+ } _n._ A ghost. +Boggle+ }
+Boggle+, _v._ To jib, to frame badly; also a _n._ inaptitude. Ex.—_He’ll mak nowt bud a boggle on ’t._
+Boiling+, _n._ The whole lot, whether of persons or things.
+Bolden+, _v._ To encourage, to incite. Ex.—_Yance ower Ah felt a larl bit fearsome, bud he bolden’d ma ti deea ’t, seea Ah bunched him._
+Boll+, _n._ The trunk of a tree.
+Bonny+, _adj._ 1. A large quantity or number. 2. Strange. 3. Good-looking. Ex.—_Aye, ther’ wur a bonny lot on ’em, a vast mair ’an Ah’d aim’d ti see._ 2. _Ther’ll be bonny deed i’ Bedale a week cum Mundaay._ 3. _It’s a bonny-leeaking meer._
+Bon’t!+ _intj._ Bother it (literally, burn it).
+Bo’nt+, _pp._ Burnt. Ex.—_Sha’s bo’nt her pinny wiv a cat’ren wheel._
+Booak+, +Bowk+, _v._ To retch, to vomit.
+Book+, +Bouk+, _n._ Bulk.
+Bool+, _v._ To trundle a hoop.
+Booler+, _n._ A child’s hoop.
+Bor+, _n._ The seed of the burdock.
+Borril+, _n._ The gadfly.
+Bost+, _v._ To burst or break in small pieces.
+Botch+, _v._ To repair in an unworkmanlike manner.
+Botchet+, _n._ Mead, made from honey.
+Bottery+, +Bore-tree+, +Bur-tree+, _n._ The alder-tree.
+Bottom+, _Vide_ +Boddums+.
+Boult+ or +Bou’t upright+. Upright, erect.
+Boun+, +Bun+, _adj._ Going, on the point of. Ex.—_Ah’s bun ti deea’t t’ next job. Ah doot t’ au’d thing’s boun ti dee. Ah war just boun ti pop ower, if thoo ’edn’t dropt in._
+Bound+, +Bun+, _adj._ Compelled. Ex.—_Ah’s ’a’e ti gan, in fact Ah’s bound ti gan._
+Bounder-marks+ or +-steeans+, _n._ Stones erected to mark boundaries.
+Bow-bridge+ or +-brigg+, _n._ A one-arched bridge, several of which still exist.
+Bowdykite+, _n._ An impudent child.
+Boxin+, _adj._ Buxom.
+Brack+, _pret._ of ‘to breke,’ ‘breck,’ or ‘breeak.’
+Bracken+, _n._ The common fern (_Pteris aquilina_).
+Brade+, _v._ To spread abroad.
+Brading aboot+, _part._ Gossiping.
+Brae+, _n._ The overhanging portion of the bank of a river.
+Braeful+, _adj._ Bankful.
+Brag+, _v._ To boast.
+Brahdal-bands+, _Vide_ +Bridal-bands+.
+Brahd-wain+, _n._ A wagon laden with furniture, &c., taken from the home of the bride.
+Braid-band+, _n._ A sheaf of corn laid out to dry.
+Bramlings+, _n._ The red worms used as bait for trout.
+Bramm’l+, _n._ The bramble.
+Brander+, _n._ An arrangement varying in design—often in the shape of a tripod—fixed over the fire to support pans, &c.
+Brander+, _v._ To cook over the fire.
+Brandery+, _n._ A wood frame used in making wells.
+Bran-new+, +Brander spander new+, _adj._ Quite new.
+Brant+, _adj._ Steep. Ex.—_Thoo’ll ’a’e ti put t’ skid on, its varra brant._
+Brash+, _n._ Useless refuse, a rising of acid into the mouth.
+Brashy+, _adj._ Worthless.
+Brass+, _n._ 1. Money. 2. Impudence. Ex.—1. _Brass nivver chinks sae sweetly ez when t’ soond cums fra yan’s awn pocket._ 2. _If he’d nobbut hauf ez mich brass iv his pocket ez he ’ez iv his feeace, he nivver need deea a hand stroak._
+Brassend+, +Brazzend+, _adj._ Impudent. When applied to a female, immoral.
+Brat+, _n._ A child.
+Brattice+, _n._ A wooden partition dividing two rooms.
+Bratty+, _adj._ Applied to cream or milk when turning sour.
+Brave+, _adj._ Good in quality as well as in appearance.
+Bravely+, _adj._ and _adv._ Exceeding, exceedingly well.
+Bray+, _v._ 1. To thrash, flog. 2. To overcome. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll bray tha when thoo cums in._ 2. _Ah can bray yon chap wi’ yah han’ i’ mah pocket._
+Brazent+, +Brazened+. Impudent. _Vide_ +Brassend+.
+Breaks+, +Brooks+, _n._ Boils.
+Breeath, To take away one’s+ = To overcome. Ex.—_It teeak mah breeath away when tha tell’d ma ’at he’d deean foor hissen_, i.e. ‘It filled me with surprise when they told me that he had _deean for hissen_,’ i.e. committed suicide.
+Brede+, _n._ Breadth.
+Bree+, +Breece+, _n._ The gadfly.
+Breer+ } +Breear+ } _n._ The briar, the dog-rose.
+Breeacus+, +Breckus+, _n._ Breakfast.
+Breead leeaf+ or +loaaf+, _n._ A bread loaf.
+Breead meal+, _n._ Flour from which brown bread is made.
+Breead-ratched+, _adj._ Broad-striped.
+Breeak+, +Breek+, +Brek+, _v._ To break.
+Breeak one’s day, To+ = To fail to keep an appointment; to spoil a day’s employment by having to attend to some trivial duty.
+Breeam+, _n._ The broom (_Genista scoparia_).
+Breed+, _n._ A brood, a litter.
+Breekin’+, _n._ That part of a tree where the stem breaks into branches.
+Breekless+, _adj._ Without breeches.
+Breeks+, _n._ Breeches.
+Breke+ or +Breear+, _v._ To break.
+Bridal-band+, _n._ The name given to the bride’s garter (_obsolete_).
+Bride-ale+, _n._ Another form of hotpot. _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Bride-wain+, _n._ _Vide_ +Brahd-wain+.
+Brief+, _n._ A begging letter.
+Brigg+, _n._ A bridge; a natural bed of rocks standing considerably out of the water and projecting into the sea.
+Briggsteean+, _n._ Flags or stones covering a culvert in front of a gateway, or in other places, so as to serve the purpose of a bridge in miniature.
+Brim+, _v._ Applied to a sow when inclined to the boar.
+Brissling+, _adj._ A slight gale of wind.
+Brock+, _n._ The badger; the frog-hopper or cuckoo-spit (_Aphrophora spumaria_).
+Brog+, _v._ To feed on the young hedge-shoots.
+Brokken-bodied+, _adj._ Suffering from hernia.
+Brole+, +Browl+, +Brul+, _n._ An impudent, saucy girl.
+Bru+, _n._ The brow, forehead.
+Bruff+, +Bluff+, _adj._ Fresh-complexioned, rough in speech, brusque.
+Brully+, _n._ A squabble amongst neighbours, a broil, a storm at sea of short duration.
+Brully+ } +Brullier+ } _n._ A stealer of marbles.
+Brully+, _v._ To steal marbles (taws) from the ring whilst a game is in progress, by some bully having no part in the game.
+Brumm’l-neeased+, +-nooazed+, +-noased+ } _adj._ Rubicund. +Brumm’l-snouted+ }
+Brumm’ls+, _Vide_ +Bramm’l+.
+Brunt+, _Vide_ +Brant+.
+Brussel+, +Brissel+, _v._ To hector, swagger, show off. Ex.—_He went bruss’ling aboot ez if t’ field war hisen, bud when Jack’s lad offered him oot ti feight, he ’edn’t a wo’d ti saay foor hissel._
+Brussen+, _pp._ of Burst.
+Brussen-hearted+, _adj._ Broken-hearted.
+Brussen oot+, _adj._ Covered with blotches or sores.
+Brussen+ or +Brusten up+, _adj._ Burst, broken into small pieces.
+Buckheeads+, _n._ The living stump of a thorn hedge left to grow after slashing.
+Budge+, _v._ To move, to give way in a bargain. Ex.—_Ah weean’t budge an inch foor neeabody. Ah weean’t budge a farden._
+Buer+, _n._ The gnat.
+Buff+, _n._ The blow given as a challenge to fight.
+Bugh+, +Bew+, _n._ A bough.
+Bull+, _v._ To serve a cow.
+Bullace+, _n._ Wild plum, of a green colour when ripe.
+Bull-feeaces+, +Bull-fronts+, _n._ The hair-grass (_Aira caespitosa_).
+Bull-heead+, _n._ A small flat-headed fish found under stones, the miller’s thumb.
+Bullock+, _v._ To bully, to be overbearing. Ex.—_If thoo aims ’at thoo can cum a bullocking o’ ma, thoo’s wrang, sae thoo’d better off wi’ thisel._
+Bulls+, _n._ Bulrushes, also the cross-beams of a harrow which carry the tines.
+Bulls and segs+, _n._ The name often given to the stalk and seed-head of the bulrush, the leaves being called ‘segs’; hence ‘bulls and segs.’
+Bull-seg+, A bull castrated in its prime.
+Bull-spink+, _n._ The chaffinch.
+Bull-stang+, +Bull-teng+, _n._ Dragon-fly.
+Bull-steean+, _n._ A stone used for sharpening tools.
+Bullyrag+, _v._ To be exceedingly overbearing.
+Bum-bailiff+, _n._ A bailiff.
+Bumm’l-barfan+, _n._ A horse-collar made of reeds.
+Bumm’l-bee+, _n._ The humble-bee.
+Bumm’l-kites+, _n._ The fruit of the bramble.
+Bumper+ } _Vide_ { +Thumper+. +Bumping+ } { +Thumping+.
+Bumping+, _n._ An initiating ceremony at some schools of bumping a new boy on a stoop or otherwise.
+Bunch+, _v._ To kick with the foot, or violently bump with the knee. N.B.—‘To bunch’ is ‘to kick,’ ‘to punch’ is ‘to hit.’
+Burden+, +Bod’n+, _n._ Anything one has to bear, whether mentally or physically.
+Burden-band+, _n._ A hempen band used to bind hay, to be carried on the back.
+Burdened+, _adj._ Insane.
+Burn+, _n._ A brook.
+Burr+, _n._ Anything used to prop a wheel from running backwards downhill. A burr proper is a round cylinder of wood with a loose iron pin through it; this is so fixed that it runs on the ground behind the wheel, and automatically prevents the wheel running back.
+Burr-thistle+, _n._ The spear-headed thistle.
+Busk+, _n._ A small bush.
+Bustard+, _n._ A witch bereft of power to work ill (_obsolete_). _Vide_ chapter on ‘Witchcraft.’
+Butch+, _v._ To kill as a butcher.
+Butt+, _n._ The halibut.
+Butter-fingered+, _adj._ Applied to one who lets things drop.
+Butter-mouthed+, _adj._ Flattery.
+Butter-scotch+, _n._ A superior kind of toffee.
+Buzzard+, _n._ A large moth.
+Buzznacking+, _part._ Gossiping.
+By mich+, _adj._ By a good deal.
+By noo+, _adj._ By now, by this time. Ex.—_Thoo owt ti ’a’e lap’t t’ job up by noo._
+Byre+, _n._ A cow-house.
C.
+Caan’t+, pronounced ‘carnt,’ _v._ Cannot, must not. Ex.—_You caan’t do that_, i.e. ‘You must not do that.’
+Cabbish+, _n._ Cabbage.
+Cade+, _n._ A sheep-tick. _Vide_ +Kead+.
+Cadge+, _v._ To beg.
+Cadger+, _n._ A carrier, a beggar.
+Caff+, _n._ Chaff.
+Caffed+, _adj._ Cowed, dispirited.
+Caff-hearted+, _adj._ Nervous, cowardly, unprincipled.
+Caffy+, _adj._ Worthless.
+Caggy+, _adj._ Touchy, disposed to quarrel.
+Cagmag+, _adj._ and _n._ Worthless.
+Caingy+, _adj._ Fretful, peevish.
+Cake+, _v._ To cackle.
+Caling+, _v._ To gossip.
+Call+, _n._ Occasion, necessity, reason. Ex.—_Ah’s nut gahin’, Ah’ve neea call ti gan_, i.e. ‘I am not going, I have no occasion to go. _Ther wur neea call for tha ti deea that._
+Call+, _v._ 1. To scold. 2. To quarrel. 3. To call to or for. Ex.—1. _Sha’s nobbut calling o’ ma ti call ma_, i.e. ‘She is only shouting for me to (give) me a scolding.’ 2. _Tha’re calling yan anuther leyke all that_, i.e. ‘They are quarrelling with one another like anything.’ 3. _Ah’ll call on him ti cum_, i.e. ‘I will shout for him to come.’
+Callet+, _n._ A scold, a railing woman.
+Callet+, _v._ To scold.
+Callety+, _adj._ Scolding, nagging.
+Call of+, +Call on+, _v._ To cry to.
+Calven-coo+, _n._ A cow recently calved.
+Cam+, +Camside+, _n._ A raised earthen bank, the sloping bank from a hedge bottom.
+Cambril+, +Caumbril+, +Caum’ril+, _n._ The notched wooden bar which is thrust through the tendons of the hind legs of a slaughtered beast to suspend it by.
+Can+, _v._ May. ‘Can’ is commonly used for ‘may.’ Ex. Q. _Can I smoke here?_ Ans. _No, you caan’t_, i.e. ‘No, you may not.’
+Canker+, _v._ To rust.
+Cankery+, _adj._ Cross, rotten.
+Cannily+, _adv._ Wisely, with subtility, nicely.
+Canny+, _adj._ Pleasing, judicious, skilful, considerable as to number. Ex.—_Sha’s a canny lass_, i.e. ‘pleasing.’ _Thoo fraam’d varra cannily wiv him_, i.e. ‘You set to work very judiciously with him.’ _He did it varra cannily_, i.e. ‘He did it very skilfully.’ _Whya, ther wur a cannyish few on ’em_, i.e. ‘Why, there were a considerable number.’
+Cant+, _v._ To raise one end.
+Canty+, _adj._ Full of spirits, lively.
+Cap+, _v._ To fix a piece of leather over the toe of a boot; to surprise, bewilder, excel. Ex.—_Ah nivver war sae capped i’ mah leyfe_, i.e. ‘I never was so surprised in my life.’ _Ah caan’t tell hoo he mannish’d ti deea ’t, he capped me_, i.e. ‘I cannot say how he managed to do it, he bewildered me.’ _Yon caps ’em all_, i.e. ‘That one over there excels them all.’
+Capper+, _n._ Something which surpasses all others.
+Caps all+ = Exceeds in everything.
+Capster+, _n._ A piece of wood roughly shaped like the bridge of a bagatelle board, each arch being numbered, the boy winning by that number placed over the arch he shoots through; should he not succeed in passing through any arch, he loses his taw.
+Card up+, _v._ To sweep and tidy up the fireside.
+Cark+, _v._ To be careful, anxious.
+Carlings+, _n._ Peas cooked in butter, prepared for Carling Sunday.
+Carneyed+, _pp._ Flattered, coaxed.
+Carp+, _v._ To doubt without reason.
+Carr+, _n._ Low-lying boggy land.
+Carryings on+, _n._ Lively, disorderly proceedings.
+Cassen+, _Vide_ +Kessen+.
+Cast down, To be+, _v._ To be downhearted, dispirited.
+Cast+, +Kest+, _adj._ Not straight, warped.
+Cast+, +Kest+, _v._ To cease wearing. Ex.—_Ah kest yan o’ my petticoats, and Ah’ve catch’d my deeath o’ cau’d._
+Cast, To be+, _v._ To be bent, warped.
+Cast up+, _v._ 1. To twit a person with some past failing. 2. To happen unexpectedly. 3. To come to light. Ex.—1. _Ah think ’at Ah wadn’t kest that up at him._ 2. _Well, it caps yan when a thing leyke that kests up._ 3. _Ah thowt ’at Ah’d lost it, but it kest up i’ yan o’ ma au’d coats._
+Catch it+, _v._ To be reprimanded, punished. Ex.—_Thoo’ll catch it when thi mudher sees tha._ I heard a woman say to her daughter, when giving the child a jug of milk to take to a neighbour’s, _If thoo lets it drop, thoo’ll catch it_.
+Cat-collop+, _n._ Cat’s-meat.
+Cat-gallows+, _n._ Two upright forked sticks upon which a cross-bar rests as an obstacle for boys to jump over.
+Cat-haws+, _n._ The fruit of the hawthorn.
+Cat-jugs+, _Vide_ +Dog-choops+.
+Cats and eyes+, _n._ Seeds of the ash-tree.
+Cat-trail+, _n._ The root of valerian.
+Cau’d+, _adj._ and _n._ Cold.
+Cauf+, +Cauff+, _n._ A calf.
+Cauf-heead+, _n._ A stupid fellow.
+Cauf-lick+, _n._ A tuft of hair on the forehead which cannot be parted or made to lie flat.
+Cauf-riddling+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Superstition.’
+Caul+, _n._ _Vide_ +Keld+.
+Causer+, +Caus’ay+, _n._ A causeway, a paved footpath.
+Cess+, _n._ A rate for parish relief; the amount paid to the poor by the overseer.
+Cess+, _n._ 1. Extra effort. 2. Punishment. Ex.—1. _Gi’e ’t cess, an’ thoo’ll seean ’a’e ’t deean_, i.e. ‘Give it an extra effort, and you will soon have it done. 2. _Ah’ll gi’e tha cess when Ah git ho’d on tha._
+Cess getherer+, _n._ Rate collector.
+Chaff+, _v._ To tease by using playful but provoking language.
+Chaff+, +Chafts+, _n._ The jaw, generally that of a pig.
+Chaffer+, _v._ 1. To banter or beat down in a bargain. 2. An interchange of provoking remarks. Ex.—1. _He chaffered that mich, whahl Ah ax’d him if he wanted t’ meer foor nowt?_ 2. _Dolly’s chaffering wi’ Sally agaan._
+Chaff-fallen+, _adj._ Dejected.
+Challenge+, _v._ To recognize. Ex.—_Ah c’u’d challenge oor bitch among all t’ dogs i’ t’ show. Sha’s good ti challenge onnywheer._
+Chamber+, +Chamer+, _n._ A room above the ground-floor.
+Champ+, +Champion+, _adj._ Excellent, very well.
+Chance bairn+, _n._ An illegitimate child.
+Chander+, _n._ A chaldron.
+Change+, _v._ To turn sour.
+Channely+, _adv._ Grandly.
+Chanter+, _n._ A chorister.
+Chare+, _adv._ Careful, doubtful.
+Chass+, _n._ Haste. _v._ To follow quickly.
+Chatt+, _n._ A fir cone.
+Chatter+, _v._ To make an uneven surface; to shake, as machinery running unevenly.
+Chaudy-bag+, _n._ The stomach of an animal.
+Chaudy-guts+, _n._ A greedy, gluttonous fellow.
+Chavel+, _v._ To chew as one without teeth, to gnaw.
+Cheean+, _n._ A chain.
+Cheeany+, The common pronunciation of ‘chinaware.’
+Cheeat’ll chow+, _Lit._ ‘Cheating will show itself.’ Ex.—In a dispute boys will say, _Let him ’ev anuther goa, cheeat’ll chow_.
+Cheek by chowl or jowl+ = Close together. Ex.—_Theer tha gan, cheek by chowl_; _Ah doot tha’re up ti neea good._
+Cheep+, _n._ The cry of a young bird, generally a chicken, partridge, or grouse.
+Cheeper+, _n._ A young partridge or grouse.
+Chesfat+, _n._ A press used for extracting the whey from the curds.
+Chetch+, +Chŭch+, _n._ A church.
+Chetch+ or +Chuch priest+, _n._ A Church of England clergyman.
+Chevin+, _n._ The chub.
+Childer+, _n._ Children.
+Chimbler+, +Chim’ly+, _n._ A chimney.
+Chip+, _v._ To chip anything; to crack an egg when boiled, or when hatching commences.
+Chip up+, _v._ To trip up by holding the foot out in front of any one running past.
+Chisel+, +Chizzel+, _n._ Bran, husks of grain.
+Chissel+, _v._ To cheat, to impose upon.
+Chist+, _n._ The chest, a chest of drawers.
+Chitterlings+, _n._ The small entrails of a pig.
+Chitty+, _adj._ Childish.
+Chock-full+, _adv._ Full to overflowing. Ex.—_Thoo caan’t git neea mair in, it’s chock-full noo._
+Cholter-headed+, _adj._ Thick-headed.
+Chop+, _v._ To trade by exchanging.
+Chops+, _n._ The jaws. _Vide_ +Chaff+.
+Chow+, _v._ To chew.
+Chucky+, _n._ A hen, a term of endearment applied to a child.
+Chuff+, _adj._ Healthy-looking, pert, determined.
+Chunter+, _v._ To mutter in a complaining tone.
+Churlish+, +Chollus+, _adj._ Bad-tempered.
+Churr+, _v._ The murmuring sound made by birds when roosting.
+Clack+, _n._ Lit. the tongue, scolding, advice.
+Clack+, _v._ To admonish, to talk much.
+Clag+, _v._ To stick to or on.
+Claggum+, _n._ Any sticky mass, applied generally to sweets.
+Claggy+, _adj._ Sticky.
+Clam+, _v._ 1. To climb. 2. To squeeze, to nip as a vice. 3. To adhere to, stick to, owing to moisture. Ex.—1. _Ah clam up t’ tree an’ gat t’ nist an’ t’ eggs an’ all._ 2. _Ah gat mysen clamm’d atween t’ wall an’ t’ wagon._
+Clam+, +Clem+, _v._ To faint for want of food. Ex.—_Ah’s fair clamm’d foor a bit o’ summat ti eat._
+Clam+, _n._ Damp, sticky moisture.
+Clame+, _v._ To smear with anything sticky. Ex.—_Tha saay what it’s t’ chaange o’ watter what’s deean ’t. That maay be; onny road sha’s a perfect picter noo, covered wi’ watter-blebs an’ larl reead spots ivvery bit ower her; an’ t’ doctor’s clamed her all ower wi’ sum soart o’ clarty, bladdry, muckment stuff, whahl sha kittles that bad ’at sha dizn’t knaw wheear ti put hersel._
+Clammy+, _adj._ Parched with thirst, sticky, moist, adhesive.
+Clamoursome+, _adj._ Noisy.
+Clamper+, _v._ To make a loud noise with the feet when walking or running.
+Clampers+, _n._ Feet or claws of any metal object, also the fingers and claws of things animate.
+Clap+, _v._ 1. To pat a dog. 2. To sit down, or set anything down. Ex.—2. _Clap yersel i’ that cheer._ _Clap it doon onnywheear._
+Clap back+, _v._ To encore.
+Clapt een on+, _v._ To see. Really _part._, saw.
+Clart+, _v._ To smear, to flatter. Ex.—_Ah’ve gitten mysen clarted all ower wi’ t’ bladdry blashment. Noo, then, deeant cum clarting ma up leyke that; gan thi waays an’ clart Mary ower. Whya, he clarted her up whahl he’s fair to’n’d her heead._
+Clarty+, _adj._ 1. Sticky. 2. Untrustworthy. Ex.—2. _Deean’t len’ him owt, his nobbut a clarty customer._
+Clash+, _v._ To hurry work, to close a door with force, to bring together suddenly.
+Clat+, _Vide_ +Clack+.
+Clatter+, _n._ A blow, a noise. Ex.—_Ah’ll gi’e tha a good clatter if thoo clatters on leyke that._
+Clavver+, _n._ A rowdy rabble.
+Clavver+, _v._ To clamber like a child.
+Clawt+, _v._ To attack with the nails.
+Clear up+, _v._ To become fine after rain.
+Cled+, _adj._ Clothed.
+Cleean+, _v._ To tidy oneself.
+Cleean+, _adj._ and _adv._ 1. Right. 2. Quite. 3. Well, adroitly, completely. Ex.—1. _He flang t’ steean cleean thruff t’ winner_, i.e. ‘He threw the stone right through the window.’ 2. _Ah cleean foorgat all aboot it_, i.e. ‘I quite forgot all about it.’ 3. _Ah’ve nivver seed a chap sae cleean deean iv all my leyfe_, i.e. ‘I never saw a fellow so completely taken in.’
+Cleean up+, _v._ To tidy the house.
+Cleeas+} _n._ clothes +Clais+ }
+Cleease+, _adj._ Near, close, greedy.
+Cleease-fisted+, _adj._ Greedy.
+Cleeat+, _n._ A piece of iron or wood used to add strength.
+Cleg+, _n._ The horse-fly, a begging friend.
+Clem+, _Vide_ +Clam+.
+Cletch+, _n._ A brood of young birds.
+Cleugh+, _n._ The race of a mill, terminating often at one end by cleugh-gates or gate, or door, which winds up and down by means of a wheel and ratchet, admitting more or less water according to the height it is lifted.
+Clever+, _adj._ Well done or made.
+Clever-headed+, _adj._ Wise beyond his fellows.
+Click+, _v._ To snatch, to snatch quickly.
+Click-hooks+, _n._ Three or four hooks joined together and attached to a rope, used to drag ponds or a river with in search of a body, &c.
+Clim+, _v._ To climb.
+Clinch+, _v._ To grasp tightly with the hand.
+Clink+, _n._ A stinging blow.
+Clinker+, _n._ A heavy blow.
+Clinking+, _adj._ Very good, first-class.
+Clip+, _v._ To shear sheep.
+Clipping tahm+, _n._ Shearing time.
+Cloam+, +Clooam+, +Claum+, _v._ To grasp with both hands at the same time, to pull about not only roughly but rudely.
+Clock+, _n._ Black clocks, black beetles.
+Clock-seves+, +Bulrush+. The names not only vary in different localities, but are given first to one and then another of the water-side flags, rushes, and seves or seaves. _Vide_ +Bulls and segs+.
+Clog+, _n._ A log of wood.
+Clogged+, _adj._ Asthmatical (of people), stopped by bleck (q.v.) or other filth (of machinery).
+Clooase+, _Vide_ +Cleease+.
+Clooased+, _part._ Closed up, as in a cold in the chest.
+Clooase-neifed+, _adj._ Niggardly, greedy.
+Closing+, _n._ A difficulty in breathing.
+Clot+, _n._ A clod of earth, a portion of blood when set.
+Clot bur+, _n._ The burdock.
+Cloth, To draw the+ = To remove the white tablecloth on the meal being concluded.
+Clotter+, _v._ To make thick or lumpy.
+Clout+, _n._ An old piece of cloth, a patch.
+Clout+, _n._ A blow.
+Clout+, _v._ To strike at.
+Clow-clags+, _n._ Dried dung adhering to the hind parts of animals; in the case of sheep they are termed ‘doddings.’
+Clow-clash+, _n._ Things all in confusion.
+Cloy+, _v._ To eat until sick at the sight of the same dish.
+Clubster+, _n._ The stoat.
+Cludder+, +Cluther+, _v._ To huddle together.
+Clue+, _n._ A ball of cotton or string.
+Clum+, _adj._ Sodden, heavy; generally applied to clayey land.
+Clunter+, _v._ To go heavily on the feet.
+Cob+, _n._ A small-sized horse, a small bread bun.
+Cobble+, +Cobble-steean+, _n._ A small paving-stone.
+Cobble+, _v._ To pelt with stones, to mend anything roughly to serve for the time being.
+Cobble-tree+, _n._ The wooden bar which connects the swingle-trees with the beam of the plough.
+Cobby+, _adj._ Lively, brisk, stout, decent.
+Cōble+, _n._ A fishing-boat.
+Cocker+, _v._ To fondle, to indulge. Ex.—_Thoo’ll spoil t’ bairn if thoo cockers it i’ that road._
+Cocker+, _n._ Conceit.
+Cockerate+, _v._ To boast.
+Cookeration+ } +Cockle-spell+ } _n._ Uncertainty.
+Cockertraps+, _n._ Traps to catch cockroaches.
+Cockle+, _v._ To be unsteady, to curl when drying.
+Cockle boat+, _n._ A small pleasure boat.
+Cock-leet+, _n._ The dawn of day.
+Cockly+, _adj._ Unsteady, insecure, likely to fall over.
+Cock o’ t’ middin+, _n._ The one who claims supremacy.
+Cock-shot+, _n._ The boy who chances being caught in a certain game.
+Cockshut+, _n._ Twilight.
+Cock-sure+, _v._ To be quite certain.
+Cocky+, _adj._ Self-assertive, domineering.
+Cod+, _n._ The cod or pod of peas, beans, &c.
+Cod+, _v._ To impose upon, to stuff with nonsense.
+Coddle+, +Couther+, _v._ To indulge oneself, to use unnecessary wraps.
+Collar+, _n._ A horse-collar.
+Collar+, _v._ To lay hold of.
+Collier+, _n._ The swift.
+Collop+, _n._ A slice of bacon.
+Collop Monday+, _n._ Monday before Shrove Tuesday.
+Colly+, _adj._ Curly.
+Come[111] again+, _v._ To appear after death.
+Come by+, _v._ To stand aside.
+Come by chance+, _Vide_ +Chance bairn+.
+Come fra+, _v._ To come from.
+Come on+, _v._ To improve, to grow. Ex.—_Thi cabbishes is cummin’ on champ._
+Come round+, _v._ 1. To recover from fainting. 2. To reconsider. 3. To agree with. Ex.—1. _Slap her han’s, an’ sha’ll seean cum roond._ 2. _Tak neea notish o’ what he sez, i’ t’ end he’ll cum roond an’ foorgi’e ya baith._ 3. _Whya, Ah’ve cum roond ti thi way o’ thinking._
+Come to+, +Cum teea+, _v._ To regain consciousness. Ex.—_When Ah cam teea, Ah didn’t ken wheear Ah war._
+Come-to+, _n._ Place of abode. Ex.—_Maist fooak ’ev a cum-teea o’ sum soart._
+Commin’s+, _n._ Barley-sprouts formed during fermentation.
+Comp’ny+, _n._ Several people gathered together with one object. Ex.—_Ther war a fairish comp’ny geddered up ti lissen ti t’ new parson._
+Con+, _v._ To scan, to observe critically. Ex.—_Efter Ah’d conn’d it ower, Ah thowt varra larl aboot it._
+Conceit+, +Consate+, _n._ Imagined. Ex.—_He consated hissen ’at he knaw’d a lot, bud it wur all blather when he wur oppen’d oot._
+Conger+, _v._ Conquer.
+Conny+, _adj._ Neat, nice; when applied to things, ‘little.’
+Conquerors+, _n._ Horse-chestnuts when dried, or even freshly gathered, are so called when used by boys to play the game of conquerors with. The game consists of threading a chestnut on a string and striking it against a similar one held by an opponent—the one breaking the other, conquers.
+Consarn+, _n._ Business, the object or matter seen or discussed. Ex.—_It’s a gert consarn yon_, i.e. ‘A big affair or undertaking.’ _Ah’ve nowt ti deea wi’ ‘t, it’s neea consarn o’ mahn_, ‘No business of mine.’
+Consumpted+, _part._ Suffering from phthisis or consumption.
+Continny+, _v._ Continue.
+Cook thi goose+ = To completely vanquish.
+Cool+, _Vide_ +Coul+.
+Coom+, _n._ Dust. +Sawcoom+, sawdust.
+Coo-tie+, _n._ A band, usually made of hair, used to secure the hind legs of a cow.
+Cop+, _v._ 1. To be caught. 2. To be punished. Ex.—1. _He’ll cop uz if wa deean’t leeak sharp._ 2. _Thoo’ll cop it when thoo gans yam._
+Corker+, _adj._ Large of its kind. _n._ A lie. Ex.—_Ah saay, bud that’s a corker._
+Corn-creeak+, _n._ Field-crake.
+Corr’n-berries+, _n._ The red or white currant.
+Cossen+, _v._ 1. To cost. 2. To inconvenience. Ex.—2. _It wadn’t ’a’e cossen him mich_, i.e. ‘It would not have inconvenienced him much.’
+Cot+, _n._ One who manages his domestic affairs without any female help, an effeminate fellow.
+Cott+, _n._ A tangled mass of wool or hair.
+Cotten+, _v._ 1. To have a liking for. 2. To discover. Ex.—1. _Ah cotten’d tiv him fra t’ fust._ 2. _He cottened ti what sha wur efter afoor sha’d ommaist gitten started._
+Cotter+, _v._ To work hair or wool into knots. _Vide_ +Felter+.
+Cottered+, _pp._ Entangled, knotted.
+Coul+, +Cool+, _n._ A weal or swelling caused by a blow.
+Counting+, _n._ Arithmetic.
+Coup+, _v._ To exchange in barter, to empty a cart by tilting.
+Coup ower+, _v._ To fall over.
+Couther+, _Vide_ +Coddle+.
+Cout+, _n._ A colt.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-byre+, _n._ A cow-house.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-clags+, _n._ Dung adhering to the buttocks of cattle.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-footed+, _adj._ Awkward in gait.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-gate+, +Coo-yat+, +Cow pastur+, _n._ Cow pasture.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-grip+, _n._ The channel to carry off the urine.
+Cow-+ or +Coo-leech+, _n._ A cow-doctor.
+Cowdy+, _adj._ Lively, pert, active.
+Cower+, _v._ To crouch in fear.
+Cowl+, _v._ To scrape together towards one.
+Cowler+, _n._ A scraper.
+Cowl-rake+, _n._ A small scraper used to rake ashes together.
+ ‘Coz+, _Vide_ +Acoz+.
+Crab+, _v._ To vex.
+Crabbed+, _adj._ Peevish, in a bad temper.
+Crack+, _n._ A loud noise like thunder.
+Crack+, _v._ 1. To boast. 2. To praise. Ex.—1. _He crack’d a deeal aboot it._ 2. _Ah crack’d it up fur tha. He cracks a seet ti mich ov his awn deeds._
+Crack+, _n._ and _v._ A chat, to chat. _Vide_ +Rap+.
+Crack+, _n._ A short space of time, immediately. Ex.—_Ah s’all be deean iv a crack._
+Crack’d+ and +Cracky+, _adj._ Not quite _compos mentis_.
+Crafty+, _adj._ Skilful, original.
+Crake+, +Creeak+, +Cruke+, _n._ A carrion crow.
+Crake+, _Vide_ +Corn-creeak+.
+Crake+, _v._ To speak hoarsely.
+Cramm’l+, _v._ To walk haltingly, tottery.
+Cramm’ls+, _n._ The gnarled and twisted boughs of trees.
+Cramped+, _part._ Perplexed.
+Cramper+, _n._ Any matter difficult of settlement or solution. Ex.—_Noo, that’s a cramper fur tha._
+Cramp-ring+, _n._ A charm-ring made from coffin tire, and worn as a preventive against cramp, &c.
+Cramps+, _n._ The term given to the playing of either the octave or the scales.
+Cranch+, _v._ To grind the teeth together when eating.
+Cranky+, _adj._ Idiotic, able to move with difficulty through stiffness, likely to overbalance, insecure.
+Cranky+, _n._ A checked material, usually of blue and white checks, used for aprons. Often called ‘Kinky-cranky.’
+Craps+ or +Crappin’s+, _n._ The pieces left after rendering fat into lard.
+Crashes+, +Creeases+, _n._ Watercress.
+Craw+, _v._ To crow. _n._ A crow.
+Crazed+, _pp._ In a violent passion.
+Creckits+, _n._ The game of cricket.
+Cree+, _v._ To soak grain in water.
+Creeak+, _Vide_ +Crook+ and +Cruke+.
+Creel+, _n._ The wooden frame pigs are laid upon after slaughtering.
+Creepin’s+, _n._ A shivering sensation usually foretelling a cold.
+Cricket+, _n._ A small four-legged stool.
+Crook+, +Creeak+, +Crewk+, _n._ The hinge upon which a gate swings, a bent piece of iron to hang anything upon.
+Crook+, +Crewk+, _n._ An abrupt corner in a field.
+Crooked+, _adj._ Bent.
+Crowberries+, _n._ The crowberry fruit (_Empetrum nigrum_).
+Crowdy+, _n._ Oatmeal porridge.
+Crow-ling+, _n._ The heath (_Erica cinerea_).
+Crown+, _n._ Top of the head.
+Crowp+, _v._ To croak like a toad.
+Crowse+, _adj._ Lively. _n._ A drinking bout.
+Cruddle+, _v._ To curdle.
+Cruds+, _n._ Curds.
+Cruke+, +Crewk+, +Creeak+, _n._ The rook. _Vide_ +Reeak+.
+Crunkle+, +Crinkle+, _v._ To crease, rumple.
+Crush+, _n._ A great crowd.
+Cuddle+, _v._ To fondle by embracing.
+Cuddy+, _n._ A donkey, a hedge-sparrow.
+Culler’d+, _pp._ Blushed.
+Cum+, _n._ Sweepings of sawdust.
+Cum+, _v._ Come.
+Cumber-ground+, _n._ Any thing or person of no value.
+Cumly+, _Vide_ +Comely+.
+Cummer+, _v._ To encumber.
+Cummersome+, _adj._ Burdensome.
+Cungle+, _v._ To influence by charms or prayers.
+Cup-rose+, _n._ The common poppy.
+Cushat+, _n._ Ring-dove.
+Cush-pet+, _n._ Pet name for a crow; also +Cushy-Cushy+.
+Cut+, _v._ Be off.
+Cut and run+ } _v._ To retire hurriedly. +Cut wer sticks+ }
+Cutter+, _v._ To whisper.
+Cuvvins+, _n._ Periwinkles.
+Cuz+, _n._ Cousin.
D.
+‘D+, Would, had.
+Daam+, +Deeam+, _n._ A lady, the wife, an aged person.
+Dab+, _adj._ Dexterous, skilful, _n._ A blow. Ex.—_He’s a dab hand at t’ job_, i.e. He is skilful at the business. _Catch him a dab on t’ feeace._
+ ’Dacity+, _n._ 1. Ability to accomplish. 2. Presumption, impudence. Ex.—1. _He’s gitten ’dacity fur owt, ’ez that lad._ 2. _Ah didn’t aim ’at he ’ed t’ ‘dacity ti ’a’e spokken ti t’ parson i’ that waay, hooivver._
+Daddle+, _v._ To walk unsteadily, to trifle.
+Daff+, _n._ A coward, a fool.
+Daffle+, _v._ To confuse, to bewilder with noise.
+Daffly daffled+, _pp._ Bewildered.
+Daffy-down-dilly+, _n._ The daffodil.
+Daft+, _adj._ Foolish, lacking common sense.
+Daftish+, _adj._ Foolish, like a fool.
+Dagg+, +Deggle+, _v._ To sprinkle with water.
+Dainish+, +Densh+, _adj._ Over particular.
+Daized+, _pp._ Stupefied, suffering from the effect of cold.
+Dakky+, _n._ A pig.
+Dale+, _n._ A valley varying in extent. ‘Dale’ is usually pronounced ‘deeal’.
+Dale-end+, _n._ The end or widest part of a dale.
+Dale-heead+, _n._ The upper and narrowest portion of a dale.
+Dander+, _n._ Rage, temper.
+Dander+, _v._ To tremble, to vibrate.
+Danger+, _n._ Risk, probability, doubt. Ex.—1. _He’s lost hauf on ’em, an’ ther’s a danger ’at other hauf ’ll dee an’ all._
+Dangerous+, _adj._ Doubtful, risky. Ex.—_It’s nobbut a dangerous consarn ti sink yan’s brass in._
+Dangle efter+, _v._ To follow as a lover.
+Danglements+, _n._ Superfluous trinkets, trimmings of beads, &c.
+Dank+, _adj._ Damp, moist.
+Dapper+, _adj._ Sharp, active, nimble.
+Dappers+, _n._ Birds ready to leave the nest.
+Dark+, _v._ To follow or move slily about, to listen unperceived.
+Darkening+, _n._ Twilight.
+Darrn’t+, _v._ Dare not.
+Darr+, _v._ To dare. Ex.—_Ah darr tackle yon job._ To tell any one they dare not do a certain thing, is to dare them to it, e.g. _He darrn’t jump whahl Ah darr’d him ti ’t, an’ then he went that cauf-hearted at it, whahl he tumm’ld blob in._
+Dased+, +Deeased+. _Vide_ +Daized+.
_Datherin’._ _Vide_ +Ditherin’+.
+Daul’d+, _pp._ Tired, weary. Ex.—_Ah daul’d on ’t_, i.e. ‘I tired of it.’
+Daul’d oot+, _part._ Tired out.
+Daupee+, _n._ The grey-headed crow.
+Daytal+, _adj._ By the day.
+Daytalman+, _n._ A farm labourer hired by the day.
+Deaf+, +Deeaf+, _adj._ Lacking a kernel, barren.
+Deaf+ or +Deeaf nettle+, _n._ The blind or hemp nettle.
+Deary+, _adj._ Puny, lovable. Ex.—_Sha’s a deary larl honey._
+Deave+, +Deeave+, _adj._ Deaf.
+Deaven+, _v._ To deafen.
+Decoy-duck+, _n._ A by-name given to one who leads others astray.
+Dee+, _v._ To die.
+Deea+, _v._ 1. Do. 2. To swindle. Ex.—2. _He’ll deea him if he dizn’t watch him_, i.e. ‘He will swindle him if he does not take care.’
+Deead+, _adj._ Dead.
+Deeafly+, +Deavely+, _adj._ Alone, by oneself.
+Deeak+, _n._ Duke.
+Deean+, _pp._ of Do. Also swindled overmatched. Ex.—_Ah’ve deean him neycely_, i.e. ‘I have taken him in nicely.’
+Deean’t+, +Doan’t+, _v._ Do not.
+Deear+, +Doour+, _n._ Door.
+Deearstan+, _n._ _Vide_ +Doorstan+.
+Deearsteead+, _n._ The framework of the door; also +Doourstead+, &c.
+Deeatchess+, _n._ Duchess.
+Deeath+, _n._ Death.
+Deeath-smear+ } +Deeath-clam+ } _n._ The clammy sweat of death. +Deeath-sweeat+ }
+Deeazment+, _n._ Chilled to the bone.
+Deed+, _n._ Doings, applied indiscriminately to events of a joyous or sorrowful nature. Ex.—_Ther war straange deed at Willie’s wedding. Ah nivver seed sike deed ez ther war at Ann’s funeral._
+Deedless+, _adj._ Useless, helpless.
+Deggle+, _Vide_ +Dagg+.
_Deft_, _adj._ Quick, clever, neat.
+Delf-rack+, _n._ An arrangement of wooden bars to hold plates and dishes.
+Dempt+, _pp._ Deemed, thought.
+Deng+, _v._ To knock off with violence, to throw down, to wrench off.
+Densh+, _Vide_ +Dainish+.
+Deny+, _v._ To refuse. Ex.—_Ah’ll see Tommy mysel, he’ll nut deny me. Ah weean’t deny tha fishing, hooivver._
+Despert+, _adv._ Exceedingly, used as an augmentative. Ex.—_Ther war despert grand deed at ’t Squire’s dinner._
+Dess+, _n._ A mass built up by degrees; a block cut out, as a dess of hay.
+Dessably+, _adj._ Orderly.
+Devil-screamer+, _n._ The swift.
+Dhriss+, _Vide_ +Dress+.
+Dib+, _v._ To dip.
+Dibbing+, _v._ To dip, as with a fly on the top of the water.
+Dice+, _n._ A small portion, as a dice of cheese; a square piece of anything.
+Dicky+, _adj._ Doubtful. Ex.—_It nobbut leeaks a bit dicky._
+Dicky+, _n._ A louse.
+Dicky-ass+, _n._ A donkey.
+Didder+, _Vide_ +Dither+.
+Differ+, _v._ To quarrel.
+Differing bout+, _n._ A wordy quarrel.
+Dike+, _n._ A ditch.
+Dike-back+, _n._ The bank forming one side of a ditch.
+Dike-cam+, _n._ The bank-side of a ditch.
+Dildering+, +Dilder+, _v._ To shake, unstable, silly.
+Dill+, _v._ To lessen, to deaden. Ex.—_Clap a plaaster on, it’ll dill ’t paain._
+Dilldam+, +Dilldum+, or +Dilldrum+, _n._ A loud noise, boisterous merry-making.
+Dindle+, _v._ To have a tingling sensation after a fall or blow.
+Ding+, _Vide_ +Deng+.
+Dingle+, _v._ To tingle after a blow.
+Dint+, _n._ Energy, force, power. Ex.—_By dint an’ sticking ti ’t, he’ll mannish ’t._
+Dither+, _v._ To shiver, to shake with fear.
+Doan’t+, +Deean’t+, = Do not.
+Docken+, _n._ The dock plant. Also denotes of little value. Ex.—_Ah wadn’t ’a’e gi’en a docken for ’t._
+Dodded+, _adj._ Hornless.
+Dodderums+, _n._ Shaking violently, unnerved.
+Doddery+, +Dothery+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Dither+.
+Doddings+, _n._ Matted wool on the hind quarters of sheep.
+Doff+, _v._ 1. To remove the garments. 2. To raise the hat. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll doff mah duds iv a crack._ 2. _Ah doff’d mah cap tiv her._
+Dog+, _v._ To set a dog to drive sheep.
+Dog+, _n._ A piece of iron fitted within the fire-grate, thereby reducing its size, so as to save coal.
+Dog-choops+, _n._ Hips, the fruit of the dog-rose.
+Doggers+, _n._ Nodules containing a fossil, and used in the making of Roman cement.
+Dog-jumps+, _Vide_ +Dog-choops+.
+Dog one’s footsteps, To+, _v._ To persistently follow any one.
+Doit+, _n._ A small portion.
+Dole+, _n._ The distribution of money left to some charity, or that given at a funeral.
+Dole out+, _v._ To give in small quantities.
+Dollop+, _n._ A clumsy person or badly-formed thing, a number or quantity of persons or things.
+Dolly-stick+, _n._ A handle to which is affixed an arrangement like a small four-legged stool, being used to give a half-circular motion to the clothes in the tub, which is termed dollying.
+Dolly-tub+, _n._ A round tub used to wash clothes in.
+Don+, _v._ and _adj._ 1. To put on one’s better attire. 2. Clever. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll don mysel up a bit, ez Janey’s cumin’ ti tea._ 2. _He’s a don hand at deeaing owt o’ that sooart._
+Donk+, _Vide_ +Dank+.
+Donnot+, _n._ An immoral female.
+Doody-cow+, _n._ The ladybird beetle.
+Door+, +Deear+, +Doour-cheek+, _n._ Sidepost of a door.
” ” ” +sill+, _n._ The threshold of the door.
” ” ” +stan+, _n._ The flagstone in front of the doorway, often mistaken as meaning the doorstep.
+Door+, +Doour+, +Deear+, +To get to the+ = Able to walk abroad.
+Doory+, _adv._ Very little, a trifle.
+Dordum+, _n._ A dreadful uproar.
+Dorse+, +Duzz+, _v._ To shake out from the ear by reason of over-ripeness.
+Dossel+, _n._ A bunch of wheat, the finest ears being selected to be used as an ornament; formerly such bunches were fixed on the top of corn-pikes.
+Dossel-knob+, _n._ The straw knob at the top of a stick which terminates the thatch.
+Dothering-grass+, _Vide_ +Trimm’ling-gess+.
+Dotteril+, _n._ A dotard.
+Douk+, _v._ To duck under, to dive as a water-fowl.
+Doup+, _Vide_ +Daupee+.
+Dou’t+, +Doot+, _v._ Almost certain. Ex.—_Ah doot he’s laam’d fur leyfe. Ah doot wa saan’t git it._
+Dow+, _v._ To thrive.
+Dowdy+, _n._ An untidy woman.
+Dowled+, _adj._ Flat, said of long-drawn beer.
+Dowly+, _adj._ Sad, poorly, downhearted.
+Down+, _v._ To knock or throw down. Ex.—_Ah’ve doon’d tha yance, an’ if Ah ’ev onny mair o’ thi lip, Ah’ll doon tha ageean._
+Down-come+, _n._ A spout at the side of the house, a heavy downpour of rain.
+Down-dinner+ = Afternoon allowance.
+Dowse+, _n._ A blow from the fist. Ex.—_Ah’ll catch tha a dowse on t’ sahd o’ t’ heead._
+Dowse+, _v._ To wet to the skin. Ex.—_He dowsed t’ lot on uz wi’ t’ hose. Ah gat sike a dowsing_, said one who fell into a stream.
+Dozzen’d+, _adj._ Withered, blighted.
+Drab+, _n._ A dirty slut.
+Drabbletail+, _Vide_ +Flappy-sket+.
+Draff+, _n._ Refuse from a brewery for pigs, grains.
+Draker-hen+, _n._ Corn-crake.
+Drape+, +Dreeap+, _n._ A cow not giving milk.
+Drate+, _v._ To drag one’s speech, to drawl.
+Draught+, _n._ A team of horses, not less than three.
+Draw up+, _v._ To gather together. Ex.—_Thoo mun ring t’ bell an’ call oot, an’ they’ll seean draw up._
+Drazzle+, _n._ A shower of fine rain and mist.
+Dree+, _adj._ Tiring, weary. Ex.—_It’s nobbut a dree job this._
+Dree+, _adv._ Slowly.
+Dree+, _v.a._ To deliver tediously.
+Dreeap+, _Vide_ +Drape+.
+Dreep+, _v._ Drop by drop.
+Dress+, +Dhriss+, _v._ 1. To tidy up. 2. To correct, to punish. Ex.—1. _Ah s’all ’a’e ti dhriss things up a bit afoor sha cums._ 2. _Thoo impident young raggel, thi fatther owt ti dhriss thi jacket weel foor tha_, i.e. ‘Your father ought to chastise you.’
+Dressin’+, +Dhrissin’+, _part._ and _n._ 1. Preparing. 2. Chastisement, severe scolding. The use of this word is peculiar. Ex.—1. _Things ’ll want dhrissing up a bit afoor Ah start ti wark_, signifies that a certain amount of work not actually connected with the ‘thing’ itself must be done or prepared beforehand, such as tidying up the bench, or rough planing before marking out. _He nivver gits neea fother ’an dhrissing things afoor he starts o’ summat else._ 2. _He’ll nut foorgit ma, Ah nivver gav onnybody sike a dhrissing afoor._
+Dribblet+, _n._ A small quantity at a time. Ex.— _He’ll pay ma back, Ah’ve neea doot, bud Ah s’all ’a’e ti tak ’t noos an’ agaains i’ dribblets._
+Drinch+, _n._ An aperient drink for a cow.
+Drinching+, _part._ To be drenched.
+Drinkin’ tahm+, _n._ The usual extra allowance during hay or harvest time.
+Drippling+, _adj._ Weak, small. Ex.—_Sha’s nobbut a drippling bairn._
+Drive+, +Dhrive+, _v._ To procrastinate. Ex.—_Thoo dhrives ivverything whahl t’ last bat, an’ then thoo nivver gits nowt deean._
+Droll on+, _v._ To half promise, to lead one to believe. Ex.—_Ah nobbut drolls him on a bit, Ah saan’t tell him nowt ’at’s owt._
+Drolly+, _n._ _Vide_ +Capster+.
+Droothy+, +Drouthy+, _adj._ Suffering from excessive thirst.
+Drooty+, _adj._ Very dry, a long continuance of fine dry weather.
+Drop+, _v._ 1. To lose. 2. To fell with a blow. 3. To kill a bird on the wing. Ex.—1. _He’d drop a canny bit ower that last bargain._ 2. _He up wi’ his neeaf an’ dropped him leyke an ox._ 3. _He fired in amang ’em an’ dropped three._
+Drop-dry+, _adj._ Water-tight, as of a roof.
+Drop in+, _v._ To pay a casual visit.
+Drop it+ or +that+, _v._ To cease doing. Ex.—_Noo drop it_, i.e. ‘Discontinue the act.’ _Drop that racket_, i.e. ‘Cease that noise.’
+Drop on+, _v._ 1. To surprise. 2. To discover. Ex.—1. _Ah nivver wur seea dropped on afoor_, i.e. ‘Never so surprised,’ or ‘suddenly caught in the act.’ 2. _Ah dropped on it all at yance_, i.e. ‘I discovered it all at once.’ It also implies a sense of shame, e.g. _Ah did feel dropped on when he catched ma_.
+Droppy+, _adj._ Applied to rain long continued. Ex.—_It’s nobbut a droppy tahm._
+Drubbin’+, _n._ A thrashing.
+Dub+, _n._ A large pond.
+Dubbin’+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To lower one’s dignity. 2. A thrashing. Ex.—1. _He’s ti clivver by hauf is yon youth, he wants dubbin’ a bit._ 2. _Ah’ll gi’e tha sike a dubbin’ ez thoo ’ezn’t ’ed ov a piece, if thoo dizn’t mahnd thisel._ ‘Dubbing’ originally meant cutting the comb and wattle of a gamecock.
+Duck+, _v._ To drop the head so as to evade a missile.
+Ducks and drakes+, _v._ A stone thrown so as to skim with short leaps along the water.
+Duds+, _n._ Clothes, usually applied to old garments.
+Dulbert+, _n._ A stupid fellow. Also +Dullard+.
+Dump+, _Vide_ +Dub+.
+Dunderheead+, +Dunderknowle+, _n._ A blockhead.
+Dundy-cow+ or +Dowdy-cow+, _n._ The ladybird.
+Dwine+, _v._ To pine away, to fade.
+Dwinn’l+, _v._ To decrease.
+Dwiny+, _n._ and _adj._ Fading, small.
+Dwiny-voiced+, _adj._ Weak-voiced.
+Dwizzend+, _adj._ Thin, wrinkled, shrunk.
E.
+Ĕ+, _per. pron._ I. The short sound of ‘Ah,’ as _Mun ĕ cum?_ i.e. ‘Must I come?’ Although rarely used by writers, it must be admitted, when speaking the dialect, it is as commonly used as ‘Ah.’
+Eak+, _n._ The oak.
+Earan+, _n._ An errand.
+Earnest+, _n._ A sum of money paid to bind a bargain.
+Earning+, _Vide_ +Yearning+.
+Ease+, _v._ To spatter with mud, to accede to the demands of nature, to obtain ease from pain.
+Easement+, _n._ Alleviation from pain, the remedy applied.
+Easings+, _n._ The eaves.
+Easter-shells+, _n._ The periwinkle.
+E’e+, _n._ The eye, that part of a potato from which the sprout leads.
+Een+, _n._ The eyes.
+Een+, _n._ 1. The evening, as ‘yester een.’ 2. The eve of any fast-day, as ‘All Hallows’ Een.’
+Een-holes+, _n._ The eye sockets.
+Efter+, +Efther+, _prep._ After. ‘Efther’ becomes general as we approach the East Riding.
+Efterneean+, _n._ Afternoon.
+Egg on+, _v._ To incite, to urge. Ex.—_It wer yowr Tom ’at egg’d him on ti kiss ma. Ah nivver s’u’d ’a’e set mysel ti loup t’ beck if he hedn’t egg’d ma on and darr’d ma tiv it._
+Eldin+, _n._ Firewood of any kind.
+Eller+, _n._ The alder-tree.
+Elsin+, +Alsin+, _n._ A shoemaker’s awl.
+‘Em+, _pro._ Them.
+End-board+, _n._ The tail-board of a cart.
+Endeavouring+, _adj._ Striving, industrious. Ex.—_Sha’s a fendy endivering lahtle body. He’s a varra endivering young chap, an’ he’ll mak a man ov hissel._
+End, Girt+, _Vide_ +Gret end+.
+End na sahd+, 1. Nothing. 2. Not understandable. Ex.—1. _Ther’s nowther end na sahd tiv owt ’at he diz_, i.e. ‘Neither beginning nor end,’ nothing. 2. _Ah c’u’d nowder mak end na sahd ov owt ’at t’ chap war raffling on aboot._
+End, Reet upon+, _adv._ Upright. Ex.—_Let’s git it reet upon end fust, an’ then wa s’all mannish._
+Enoo+, +Enew+, _n._ 1. Enough in number. 2. Sufficiently cooked. Ex.—1. _Thoo wants neea mair, thoo’s gitten mair ’an enew ez it is._ 2. _It owt ti be enew by this, it’s been i’ t’ yewn ower an hoor._
+Enow+, _Vide_ +Inoo+.
+Entry+, _n._ The passage within the house, or small entrance hall.
+Ept+, _adj._ Handy.
+Esh+, _n._ The ash-tree.
+Ewse+, _n._ Use.
+Expect+, _v._ 1. To imagine, to suppose. 2. Not quite certain. Ex.—1. _Ah expect it war him ’at did it._ 2. _Yan nivver can saay, bud Ah expect sha’ll win t’ prize. Sha’s neea waays sure, sha nobbut expects seea._
+Extremity, To be in an+ = To be at the far end. Ex.—_Ah war in an extremity a’ paain. Nowt c’u’d ’a’e been warse, sha war in a complete extremity._
+Ez+, as. +‘Ez+, has.
F.
+Fadge+, _v._ Between a walk and a trot. Ex.—_T’ au’d meer an’ me, wa’ve fadged along monny a mahl tigither._
+Fadgy+, _adj._ Fat, unwieldy. Ex.—_Buxom at twenty, fadgy at fo’tty._
+Faff+, _v._ To blow in puffs.
+Faffle+, _n._ A light intermittent wind.
+Faffle+, _v._ To flap gently, as a ship’s sail.
+Fahve o’ clocks+, _n._ Ripe seed-heads of the dandelion, which children blow at to ascertain the time.
+Fail+, _v._ To show signs of growing weakness day by day.
+Fain+, _adv._ Gladly.
+Fair+, _adv._ Altogether, absolutely. Ex.—_Ah’s fair bet wi’ t’ lad. Ah nivver war sae fairly takken in wiv a lass ez Ah ’a’e been wi’ Tom’s weyfe._
+Fairish+, _adj._ Just moderate.
+Fairlings+, _adv._ Clearly, distinctly. Ex.—_Naay! he fairlings gat t’ best a’ thah that tahm._
+Fair to see+, Easy to see or understand.
+Fair up+, _Vide_ +Clear up+.
+Fairy butter+, _n._ A yellow fungus found growing on dead wood.
+Fairings+, _n._ Presents bought at a fair.
+Fall+, _v._ 1. To happen. 2. To become finely divided, as lime when slaked. Ex.—1. _Whya, it mebbe mud fall i’ that road_, i.e. ‘Why, it maybe might happen in that way.’
+Fallen away+, _v._ To have decreased in bulk, to grow thin. Ex.—_Whya, it’s fallen awaay ti nowt._
+Fall in+, _v._ To meet accidentally. Ex.—_Oor Martie war pleased ti fall in wi’ John an’ Annie at Bedale._
+Fall out+, _v._ To quarrel, to have a misunderstanding. Ex.—_Tha’re nut kind noo, tha fell owt ower Tommy’s pig. Ah nivver knew sike nibors ez them tweea, tha’re awlus quarting an’ fratching, an’ falling oot t’ ane wi’ t’ uther._
+Fall teea+, _v._ To commence. Ex.—_Noo all t’ lot on ya fall teea an’ set ti wark._
+Fan+, +Fand+, +Fun+, +Fund+, _part._ and _pp._ of ‘to find.’
+Fangle+, _v._ To seize, to entrap.
+Fangled+, _pp._ Caught.
+Fantickle+, _n._ A freckle.
+Far+, _adj._ Further, more distant than. Ex.—_Ah ligg’d it doon i’ t’ far sahd o’ yon field._
+Far an’ awaay+, _adv._ Much, decidedly. Ex.—_Sha’s far an’ awaay t’ best-leeaking lass aboot here_; often +Far awaay+.
+Farantly+, _adj._ Decent, well behaved; neat, nice, orderly.
+Fardel+, _n._ A small bundle.
+Farden+, _n._ Farthing.
+Fare+, _v._ 1. To approach, to draw nigh to. 2. To seem. 3. To succeed. 4. To conduct oneself, to behave. Ex.—1. _Sha fares o’ cauvin’._ 2. _Yon lass fares dafter na Sally Ridge._ 3. _Thoo’s gahin’ ti fare t’ warst wi’ t’ cauves, Ah think; thoo mun git sum keeak intiv ’em._ 4. _He fares foor gitting t’ sack._
+Far end+, The close of anything, almost _in extremis_. Ex.—_Tell her Ah’ll cum when Ah’ve deean; Ah saan’t be lang; Ah’ve ommaist gitten ti t’ far end. Ah’ve just left him; Ah deean’t aim ’at he’ll see t’ neet throw, he’s ommaist at t’ far end noo._
+Far-fetched+, _adj._ Unlikely, improbable.
+Farness+, _n._ Distance. Ex.—_T’ farness on ’t taks all t’ profit awaay, gahin’ an’ cumin’._
+Farrish+, +Fairish on+, _adj._ Considerably advanced. Ex.—_He mun be gitting fairish on i’ years noo. He gat farrish on at t’ dinner, did Tommy, afoor he gat to’n’d ti t’ doour._
+Far-side+, _n._ The further side, the right-hand or off side; the +Nar-side+ being the left-hand.
+Fash+, _v._ 1. To worry. 2. To inconvenience oneself. Ex.—1. _Just thee tak thi awn gate, an’ deean’t fash thisen aboot nowt._ 2. _Ah wadn’t fash mysel a larl bit fur owther him or her._
+Fast+, _adj._ 1. At a standstill. 2. In a fix. Ex.—1. _Ah caan’t deea nowt, Ah’s fast foor a sup o’ wet._ 2. _Ah think ’at Ah nivver war sae fast iv all my wick._
+Fasten+ or +Fass’n oot+, _v._ Said of sheep when turned from the grass on to the moor for the season.
+Father+, _v._ 1. To impute. 2. To bear witness of itself, as an illegitimate child. Ex.—1. _He’s awlus tryin’ ti father his misdeeds o’ sumbody. Ah wadn’t let him father his lees o’ me._ 2. _Ther’s neea call ti mak t’ poor lass gan afoor her betters, t’ bairn sha hugs fathers itsel._
+Fatrascal+, _n._ A cake made with butter, flour, and currants; a rich kind of small tea-cake.
+Faugh+, +Fauf+, _n._ Fallow land.
+Fause+, _adj._ False.
+Fayther+, +Fadder+, _n._ Father.
+Fear’d, To be+, _v._ To be apprehensive of, to be afraid. Ex.—_It’s to be fear’d t’ warst’ll happen._
+Fearful+, _adv._ Exceedingly, used as an augmentative.
+Fearsome+, _adj._ Awful, terrifying.
+Feather-fallen+, _adj._ Crestfallen.
+Feather-fowl+, _n._ Birds.
+Featly+, _adv._ Dexterously. Ex.—_Noo, he lapp’d that job up weel. Aye, it war varra featly deean._
+Feck+, _n._ Ability, quantity, mass.
+Feckless+, _adj._ Lacking management, wanting ability to provide for oneself. Ex.—_Sha’s a feckless miss, is yon; sha’s up ti nowt, good ti nowt, an’ warse ’an nowt._
+Feeal+, _n._ A fool.
+Fegs+, _n._ Dead grass-stems, anything of small value.
+Fele+, +Felt+, _v._ To hide.
+Fell+, _v._ To knock down.
+Fell+, _n._ An undressed hide or skin, a moorland summit, a hill.
+Fell+, _adj._ Keen, striving.
+Fell’d+, _v._ To be prostrate, knocked down.
+Felon bone+, _n._ An abscess on the finger or some other part of the hand, from which, during suppuration, small pieces of rotted bone are ejected.
+Felon o’ t’ yuer+, A disease the cow’s udder is liable to.
+Fellow-fond+, _adj._ Wild after the men. A girl is said to be ‘fellow-fond’ when her arts and guiles to gain a lover are too plainly manifest.
+Felt+, _Vide_ +Fele+.
+Felter+, _n._ One who hides things.
+Felter+, _v._ To entangle, to twist, to clot. NOTE.—+Cotter+ is much more commonly used now.
+Feltrics+, _n._ A disorder horses are liable to.
+Femmer+, _adj._ Slight, light, weak.
+Fend+, _v._ To provide, to be able to do.
+Fendable+, +Fendy+, _adj._ Capable of doing.
+Fengle+, _Vide_ +Fangle+.
+Fent+, _n._ A vent or slit in a garment.
+Fent+, _v._ To bind the edge of anything.
+Fer+, +Foor+, +Fur+, _prep._ For.
+Fest+, _v._ To bind an apprentice.
+Fet+, _v._ To last out, serve round, to serve. Ex.—_It’ll fet uz ower Sunday. It’ll fet t’ lot on uz if Tom carves._
+Fetch+, _n._ A stitch or catch in the side, difficulty in breathing.
+Fetch+, _v._ To give, to bring. Ex.—_Ah’ll fetch tha yan ower t’ feeace._ _Ah’ll fetch tha ’t when Ah cum fra t’ market._ _Fetch t’ barrer ower here_, i.e. ‘Bring the barrow over here.’
+Fettle+, _v._ 1. To repair. 2. To put in order. 3. To be in good order. Ex.—1. _Thoo mun fettle t’ au’d cart up a larl piece_, i.e. ‘You must repair the old cart a little,’ 2. _Ah’ll fettle things up a bit afoor ya cum back_, i.e. ‘I will put things in order by the time you return,’ 3. _T’ machine’s i’ grand fettle._
+Few+, _n._ Amount, generally used with some qualifying adjective, as ‘a good few,’ ‘a larl few,’ ‘a gay few.’
+Fick+, _v._ To struggle under restraint.
+Fik+, _v._ 1. To strive. 2. To obtain. Ex.—1. _He fick’d on whahl he gat it._ 2. _He fick’d it i’ t’ end._
+Find heart, To+, _v._ To make up one’s mind. Ex.—_Sha’s blinnd, bud Ah can’t finnd heart ti put t’ poor au’d critter oot o’ t’ road._
+Finnick+, _v._ To be over-particular in doing things.
+Fire-flaught+, _n._ and _adj._ A lighted coal which leaps from the fire, a meteor; passionate.
+Fire-smatch+, _Vide_ +Stithe+.
+Fire-steead+, _n._ Fireplace.
+First-foot+, _Vide_ +Lucky bird+.
+Fisk+, _v._ To dance about.
+Fit+, _adj._ 1. Equal to. 2. Ready. 3. Inclined. Ex.—1. _Ah’s fit foor that job, hooivver._ 2. _T’ meer’s fit onny tahm._ 3. _Ah’s ommaist fit ti gan._
+Fizzle+, _v._ To fidget.
+Flabbergasher+, _n._ A poser. _Vide_ +Cramper+.
+Flacker+, _v._ 1. To flutter. 2. To flicker. 3. To waver. Ex.—1. _T’ au’d bo’d flackered ower t’ hedge._ 2. _T’ cann’l flackered whahl Ah thowt it ’ud gan oot._ 3. _Ther’s neea dependence on him, he flackers aboot sae._
+Flag+, _n._ A snow-flake.
+Flags+, _n._ The yellow iris.
+Flam+, _v._ To flatter, to make believe.
+Flappers+, _n._ Young birds nearly ready to fly.
+Flappy+, _adj._ Unstable.
+Flappy-sket+, _n. and adj._ An immoral woman; untidy.
+Flappy-tongue+, _n._ One whose word cannot be relied upon.
+Flatch+, _n._ A flatterer, also used as a _verb_.
+Flather+, _Vide_ +Blether+.
+Flaum+, _v._ 1. To blaze, to burst out in flame. 2. To demonstrate great affection so as to gain some advantage. Ex.—1. _It flaum’d up leyke all that, bud then it war ez dry ez a kex._ 2. _Sha flaum’d aboot ma that mich, whahl i’ t’ end Ah ’ed ti gi’e waay an’ let ’em git wed._
+Flaumy+, _adj._ Common, tawdry, _n._ Fulsome caresses.
+Flaun+, _n._ A custard tart.
+Flaup+, +Flauping+, _n._ +Flaupy+, +Flaupish+, _adj._ Senseless talk.
+Flawter+, +Flowter+, _v._ To unnerve, to flurry. Ex.—_Ah war sairly flowtered when Ah heeard o’ Jimmy’s deeath._
+Flay+, _v._ To frighten. Also +Fley+.
+Flay-boggle+, _n._ A ghost.
+Flay-craw+, +-creeak+, or +-cruke+, _n._ A scarecrow.
+Flaysome+, _adj._ Causing fear.
+Flee+, _n._ A fly. Ex.—_Ah deean’t meean fleas ’at’s fleas, bud flees ’at flee_, i.e. ‘I do not mean fleas that are fleas, but flies that fly.’
+Fleead+, _n._ A flood.
+Fleead+, _v._ To flood. Ex.—_Ah’s gahin’ ti let t’ dam off an’ fleead t’ boddums._
+Fleear+, _n._ A floor.
+Fleece+, _n._ Obesity. Ex.—_Wait whahl he gans throw all ’at Ah’ve gane throw, an’ he weean’t hug sike a fleece._
+Fleece+, _v._ To take all that a man has. Ex.—_Oh, sha’s a rank bad un; tha saay ’at sha’s fleeced him ov ivvery haupenny he ’ed._
+Fleeing-aither+ or +-ask+, _n._ The dragon-fly.
+Fleer+, _v._ To laugh at, to ridicule.
+Flesh-fly+, _n._ The common bluebottle.
+Flesh-meat+, _n._ Butcher’s meat, not pork.
+Flick+, _n._ A flitch of bacon.
+Flick+, _v._ To remove any light dust or thing with a rapid motion, as with a duster or whip-lash.
+Flicker+, _v._ and _n._ To exist for an instant, as a smile; the action of a dying flame.
+Flig+, _v._ To fly.
+Fligged+, _part._ Having left the nest.
+Fliggers+, _Vide_ +Flappers+.
+Flipe+, _n._ The brim of a hat.
+Flipe+, _v._ To remove dust by any quick, light motion, as with a handkerchief. _Vide_ +Flick+.
+Flisk+, _n._ A light tap. Ex.—_Sha nobbut flisk’d him wi’ her larl finger._
+Flit+, _v._ To remove to another house.
+Flite+, +Fleeght+, _v._ 1. To scold with many words. 2. To quarrel. Ex.—1. _Sha nivver lets ma be, sha’s awlus fliting at ma._ 2. _Tha’re fliting t’ ane agaain t’ ither that mich whahl Ah’ve cum’d awaay._
+Flither+, _n._ The common limpet.
+Flittermouse+, _n._ The common bat.
+Flitting+, _v._ The act of removing.
+Flity+, _adj._ Unstable. Ex.—_Ah wadn’t trust her, nowder yah waay ner anuther, sha’s sike a flity body._
+Flobbed up+, _part._ Swollen.
+Flop+, _v._ To sit down with a sudden drop, to set things down of a sudden and carelessly.
+Floss-docken+, +Fox-docken+, _n._ The foxglove (_Digitalis purpurea_).
+Floss-seave+, _n._ Cotton-grass.
+Flowtered+, _part._ Upset, nervous.
+Flowterment+, _n._ Excitement in speech and behaviour.
+Flowtersome+, _adj._ Excitable, tomboyish.
+Fluff’d+, +Fluff’d up+, _adj._ Conceited.
+Fluffy+, _adj._ Covered with down, light, feathery.
+Fluke+, +Fleeak+, +Fleuks+, _n._ A small maggot found in the liver of sheep.
+Fluky+, +Fleeaky+, +Fleuky+, _adj._ Maggot-eaten, fly-blown.
+Flushy-feeaced+, _adj._ Red complexioned.
+Fluster+, +Flusterment+, _n._ A state of being heated by excitement, agitation. Ex.—_What a flusterment that bairn ’ez putt en uz all inteea! wa thowt ’at he’d gitten hissel lost._
+Fly, To let+, _v._ To strike with force.
+Foal’s-foot+, _n._ Coltsfoot (_Tussilago farfara_).
+Fod+, _n._ A small bundle of straw.
+Fodder-hoos+, _n._ A barn for storing fodder.
+Fog+, _n._ The grass which grows after the hay has been removed.
+Fog-field+, _n._ A field left for the second growth of grass to spring up after haytime.
+Foisty+, _adj._ Musty, damp, mouldy.
+Fold-+ or +Fod-garth+, +Fod-yard+, _n._ The farmyard where the beasts are fed.
+Folk+, +Fau’k+, +Fooak+, _n._ The people, often used with and generally qualified by a prefix, as _T’ au’d folk_, _T’ young fooak_, _Chetch-fau’k_, _Chapel-fau’k_.
+Fond+, _adj._ Silly.
+Fond-head+, _n._ A silly fellow.
+Fondness+, _n._ Nonsense.
+Fondy+, _n._ A simpleton.
+Foor+, +Fur+, +Fer+, _prep._ For.
+Foorced+, _part._ Compelled. Ex.—_Ther’s neea waay o’ gittin oot on ’t, Ah s’ be foorced ti gan._ _He’ll foorce tha ti deea ’t._
+Foot, The length of my+ = A kick. Ex.—_If thoo isn’t off iv a quickstick, Ah’ll gi’e tha t’ len’th o’ mah foot._
+Foot, To get or take the length of one’s+ = 1. To judge a person accurately. 2. To have completely won another’s confidence. Ex.—1. _He’ll nut best ma, weean’t yon; Ah teeak t’ len’th o’ his foot lang sin._ 2. _Sha lets him deea just what he leykes wiv her brass; he’s gitten t’ len’th ov her foot, an’ ther’s nowt aboot that._
+Footing+, _n._ Money claimed from a new apprentice on commencing his apprenticeship, commonly called paying his footing; the sum paid is always spent in drink.
+Footings+, _n._ The lowest foundations.
+For+, +Fur+ = In what direction. Ex.—_Noo, then, wheear’s thoo for? Ah’s for Ayton, is thoo for Stowsla?_
+Fore+, _prep._ Before. +Afoor+ is much more general.
+Fore-elders+, _n._ Forefathers.
+Fore-end+, +Forr-end+, _n._ 1. The beginning of a season or time. 2. The springtime. Ex.—1. _At t’ forr-end he war ez reet ez a trivet, bud he maad a varra poor finish on ’t._ 2. _If t’ back-end be owt leyke t’ forr-end wa s’all mannish grandly._
+Forking-robin+, _n._ The earwig.
+Forks, A pair o’+, _n._ The centre timber of a roof.
+For-wandered+, _adj._ Bewildered.
+Fo’st+, +Fust+, _adj._ First.
+Fo’ther+, _adv._ Further.
+Foul-fingered+, _adj._ Given to stealing.
+Foul-lipped+ } +Foul-mouthed+ } _adj._ Given to swearing or lewd talk.
+Foulmart+, +Fumart+, _n._ The polecat.
+Foupe+, _v._ To drive sheep, &c., too quickly. Ex.—_Thoo’ll ’a’e sum o’ them sheep deead beeat if thoo foupes ’em i’ that road._
+Fou’t+, _n._ A fault.
+Fou’ty+, _adj._ Badly made, ill fitting.
+Fowt+, _part._ Fought.
+Fowt+, +Fout+, _n._ An idiot, a spoiled child.
+Foxy+, _adj._ Cunning.
+Fra+, +Frav+, +Frev+, _prep._ From, ‘Fra’ is used before a consonant, ‘frav’ and ‘frev’ before a vowel.
+Fraby+, +Frebby+, _prep._ 1. Beyond. 2. Compared with. Still common in parts of Cleveland. Ex.—1. _‘T’ll be fraby ten mahl ti Yarm._ 2. _Thahn frebby mahn’s t’ best o’ t’ tweea on ’em._
+Framation+, _n._ Dexterity, ability, skill shown at the commencement of any work. Ex.—_Noo, yon chap hez a bit o’ framation aboot him._
+Frame+, _v._ To show good management, contrive well. Ex.—_T’ lass frames weel ti milk._
+Fratch+, _v._ To quarrel.
+Fraunge+, _v._ To play a joke.
+Fresh+, _adj._ Intoxicated.
+Fresh-wood+, _n._ The threshold of a doorway.
+Fridge+, _v._ To rub against so as to cause a sore.
+Frightened+, +Freetened+, _adj._ and _part._ 1. Doubtful as to. 2. Apprehensive of. 3. Bashful. Ex.—1. _Ah’s freetened he weean’t mannish ti cum._ 2. _Sha war despert freetened ’at he war gahin’ ti splet aboot what tha’d deean._ 3. _Gi’e t’ lass a kiss, deean’t be freetened._
+Frog-fry+, _n._ Frog- or toad-spawn.
+Fromward+, _prep._ Away from.
+Frough+, _adj._ Soft, spongy.
+Frow+, _n._ An untidy person, generally a female.
+Frowsy+, _adj._ Applied to a forbidding countenance, untidy, musty.
+Frutas+, _n._ A kind of tea-cake made of batter and fruits fried in butter on Ash Wednesday.
+Fuggy+, _adj._ First. _Vide_ +Laggy+.
+Full+, _adv._ An intensive, as ‘Full seean,’ i.e. ‘full soon.’ Ex.—_Ah’ll be on full seean efter dinner_, i.e. ‘very soon.’
+Full-fligged+, _adj._ Full-feathered.
+Fullock+, _v._ To shoot a marble with force, and by unfairly overreaching the line; to do anything with considerable force. Ex.—_He went at it wi’ sike a fullock._
+Full-up+, _adv._ Quite full.
+Fun+, _pp._ of Find.
+Fur+, For.
+Furmety+, +Frummety+, _n._ Creed-wheat boiled in milk, thickened with lithing, sweetened, and flavoured with cloves, nutmeg, &c., only eaten at Christmas time.
+Furrh+, _n._ A furrow.
+Fustilugs+, _n._ A low fellow.
+Fuzzack+, _n._ A donkey.
+Fuzz-ball+, _n._ The common field-fungus which, when ripe, on being nipped emits a cloud of brown dust-spores.
+Fuzzle+, _v._ To intoxicate.
G.
+Ga’+, _v._ Gave.
+Gaa+, _v._ To go.
+Gab+, _n._ Senseless chatter. Ex.—_Ho’d thi gab_, i.e. ‘Cease your foolish talk,’ or ‘hold your tongue.’
+Gabber+, _v._ To talk foolishly.
+Gabriel-ratchet+ or +T’ Gabby-ratch+. A sound heard overhead in the still hours of the night, somewhat resembling the yelping of dogs; generally thought to be due to a flock of geese. When heard by the country folk it is looked upon as an omen of death.
+Gad+, _n._ A pointed rod, a whip-stock fitted with a thong. To guard against the power of witches the whip-stock was often made of rowan-tree wood.
+Gad+, +Gadder+, +Gadabout+, _n._ A gossip.
+Gadding+, _part._ Gossiping.
+Gaddish+, _adj._ Inclined to gossip.
+Gadling+, _adj._ Applied to a gossiping person.
+Gae+, _Vide_ +Gaa+.
+Gaed+, _pret._ of +Gae+.
+Gaffer+, _n._ The master. Ex.—_Leeak oot, here’s t’ gaffer cumin’._
+Gag-bit+, _n._ A powerful bit used when breaking horses.
+Gah+, _v._ To go.
+Gahins on+, Doings, festivities, proceedings. Ex.—_Ther’s been straange gahins on at Bessy’s sen Martha cam yam._ _Noo, wa ’ed grand gahins on at t’ Jubilee._
+Gahlfat+. _Vide_ +Gilevat+.
+Gain+, +Gainest+, _adj._ Shortest, quickest, easiest. Ex.—_It’s t’ gainest waay ti gan byv t’ wood_, i.e. ‘It is the shortest way,’ &c. _Ther’s a gainer way ti deea’t ’an that_, i.e. ‘There is a quicker or easier plan to do it than that.’
+Gainable+, _adj._ Obtainable.
+Gain-hand+, _adj._ Easily reached.
+Gainly+, _adv._ Easily gained, of access.
+Gains+, _n._ An advantage.
+Gainstrive+, +Gainstand+, _v._ To oppose. Ex.—_Yan caan’t gainstrive owt o’ that soart. Neeabody can gainstand thersens agaain t’ railway cump’ny._
+Gain-way+, _n._ A shorter path.
+Gairn+, +Garn+, _n._ Worsted, yarn.
+Gaitings+, _n._ Bundles of clover tied at the top and left to dry.
+Gallac-handed+, _adj._ Left-handed. Ex.—_Fau’k ’at’s gallac-handed’s awlus a larl bit tricky, Ah think._
+Gallivant+, _v._ To flirt, to be continually in the society of ladies.
+Galloway+, _n._ One of a small breed of horses.
+Gallowses+, +Gallasses+, _n._ Trouser braces.
+Gally-bauk+, _n._ An iron bar attached to the rann’l bauk, from which pans are hung either on or off the fire.
+Galore+, _n._ A superabundance.
+Gam+, _n._ 1. A game. 2. Fun. 3. Ridicule. Ex.—1. _Wa’d a rare gam at creckets last neet._ 2. _He’s a grand hand at makking gam._ 3. _Ah thowt sha was deeaing nowt bud mak gam o’ ma._
+Gamashes+, _n._ Gaiters, leggings, now applied to all kind of leg-coverings.
+Gammer+, _v._ To waste time, to be slow.
+Gammer-stag+ or +-stang+, _n._ An immodest female.
+Gammish+, _adj._ Lively, full of frolic, plucky.
+Gan+, +Gang+, _v._ To go, to go on foot. ‘Gang’ is often added to the direction pointed out. Ex.—_Thoo’d best tak by t’ mill gang_, i.e. ‘Go by the mill way,’ or ‘go by the mill,’ or ‘by t’ stell gang,’ ‘up gang,’ &c.
+Gane+, _v._ Gone.
+Ganger+, _n._ A goer, usually applied to a horse. Ex.—_Sha’s nut mich ov a ganger._ _That’s a good ganger_, i.e. ‘A good goer.’
+Gangeril+, +Gangril+, _n._ A worthless fellow, a vagrant, a toad.
+Gannings on+, _Vide_ +Gahins on+.
+Gans+, _v._ Goes.
+Gant+, _adj._ Thin, puny, half-fed.
+Gantree+, _n._ A low wooden stand for barrels to rest on.
+Gap+, _n._ An opening in a hedge through which sheep may stray, a rift in the hills.
+Gape+, +Gaape+, +Geeap+, _v._ To bawl loudly, to stand open-mouthed.
+Garb+, _v._ To dress vulgarly, or in tawdry finery.
+Garfits+, _n._ Entrails. In some parts goose giblets are known as ‘garfits.’
+Garland+, _v._ A white glove decorated with ribbons and carried at funerals. _Vide_ Chap. VIII, on ‘Customs.’
+Garsel+, _n._ Rotten sticks, last year’s undergrowth.
+Garth+, _n._ A small enclosure of land.
+Gate+, +Geeat+, _n._ A way, road, street; there is also a secondary meaning of ‘manner.’ Adverbially as ‘all gates,’ ‘onny gates.’ Ex.—_What gate mun Ah tak ti Easby?_ i.e. ‘Which road must I take to Easby?’ _If he gans on i’ yon gate, he’ll seean lap t’ job up_, i.e. ‘If he goes on in that manner, he will soon end the business.’ _Leeak at what he’s deean onny gate an’ all gates, an’ yan’s boun ti awn he’s been a feeal all roads_, i.e. ‘Look at what he has done any way and all ways, and one is compelled to admit he has been a fool every way.’ _Thoo diz things all gates an’ onny gates, an’ it’s neea gates i’ t’ end._
+Gate+, _n._ An acquired right or privilege of pasturage for cattle.
+Gate+, _v._ To arrange clover in small bundles to dry.
+Gauk+, +Gawk+, _n._ A stupid fellow, the cuckoo.
+Gauky+, _adj._ Clumsy, idiotic.
+Gaum+, _v._ To pay attention intelligently.
+Gaumish+, _adj._ Intelligent.
+Gaumless+, _adj._ Lacking intelligence.
+Gaup+, _v._ To stare and gape with astonishment.
+Gauve+, _v._ To stare vacantly.
+Gauvison+, _n._ Silly of either sex. Usually applied to a female.
+Gauvy+, _n._ A silly fellow.
+Gavelock+, _n._ A crowbar.
+Gay+, +Gayish+, _adj._ 1. Considerable in number. 2. Nice, pleasing. 3. Fairly good, both as to size, quality, and number. Ex.—1. _Ther war a gay few fau’k gethered up. Ah gav a gayish bit mair ’an that for ’t._ 2. _It’s a gay bit o’ stuff._ 3. _It’s a gayish field o’ to’nips._
+Gayly+, _adv._ 1. First-class. 2. Exceedingly well as to health. Ex.—1. _Ah’s gittin’ on gayly_, i.e. ‘first-class.’ 2. _Sha war nobbut dowly a piece sen, but sha’s gayly noo._
+Gear+, +Gearing+, _n._ That part of a machine which alters the speed of running, harness.
+Gear+, _n._ Worldly possessions, raiment.
+Geb+, _Vide_ +Gib+.
+Geck+, _n._ A stupid oaf. _Vide_ also +Goffen+.
+Geean+, _part._ Gone.
+Geeaping+, _pp._ Gaping, staring.
+Gecken+, _v._ _Vide_ +Goffen+.
+Gee+, _v._ The wagoner’s command for the horse to take the right-hand side of the road.
+Geen+, +Gi’en+, +Gi’n+, _v._ Given.
+Geld+, _adj._ and _n._ Barren; single unmated birds, as of partridges.
+Gell+, _n._ Girl.
+Gen+, +Girn+, _v._ To grin.
+Genning+, _adj._, also _part._ of _Gen_. 1. To grin. 2. To find fault. Ex.—1. _Thoo genning munkey, Ah’ll gi’e tha summat ti gen at if thoo dizn’t shift thisel._ 2. _Sha’s awlus genning an’ fliting at yan._
+Gep+, _v._ To eavesdrop.
+Ger+, _v._ To get, go. Ex.—_Ger ho’d on ’t._
+Gert+, +Gret+, +Greeat+, _adj._ Great.
+Gesling+, _n._ Gosling.
+Gess+, +Gerse+, _n._ Grass.
+Geesing-land+, +Gersing-land+, _n._ Grass-land.
+Get+, _v._ Beside being used in the ordinary sense there are several curious usages. 1. To get to. 2. Is called. 3. To come. Ex.—1. _Ah aim ti gan ti Brotton when Ah git to Boosbeck._ 2. _T’ chap ’at ’ed it afoor called it Jack, bud it awlus gits Flip wiv uz._ 3. _Wa thowt ya warn’t gahin’ ti mannish ti get._
+Get, Able to+, _Vide_ +Yabble+.
+Get agate+, _v._ To commence.
+Get away with, To+, _v._ To push forward work. Ex.—_Noo ’at t’ wood’s cum’d wa s’all be yabble ti git awaay wi’ t’ job at yance._
+Get on+, _v._ To succeed. Ex.—_He’s sartin ti git on, is yon chap._
+Get the length of+, _v._ To get as far as, either of place, distance, or work.
+Getherer+ or +Gedderer+, _n._ A collector of taxes, one who gathers the corn into bundles.
+Gether+ or +Gedder up, To+, _v._ To collect together.
+Getten+, +Gitten+, +Gotten+, _part._ To get.
+Gew-gaws+, _n._ Jewellery, &c.
+Gew-gow+, _n._ A Jew’s harp.
+Gib+, _n._ The hooked handle of a stick.
+Gib-+ or +Geb-stick+, _n._ A hooked stick.
+Gicken+, _Vide_ +Goffen+.
+Gi’en+, _Vide_ +Geen+.
+Giglet+, _n._ A giggling girl.
+Gilder+, _n._ A horsehair snare.
+Gilevat+, _n._ The vat or tub in which ale is stood to ferment.
+Gill+, _n._ A half-pint.
+Gill+, _n._ A narrow rock valley, a ravine.
+Gillifer+, _n._ An immodest woman; one who pretends to good looks, or dresses younger than her years.
+Gilt+, _n._ A young sow.
+Gimmal+, _n._ A narrow passage between two houses.
+Gimmer+, _n._ A young female lamb.
+Ginger-heead+, _adj._ and _n._ One having red hair.
+Gingerly+, _adv._ Cautiously, ticklish to do.
+Ginnel+, _Vide_ +Runnel+.
+Ginner+, _adv._ Rather, quite as soon as. Ex.—_Ah’d ez ginner gan ez stop._
+Girt+, _adj._ Great. _Vide_ +Gert+.
+Girt shakes, Neea+, Nothing to boast of.
+Gissy-gissy+, _n._ The call for the young pigs to be fed.
+Git+, _Vide_ +Get+.
+Give+, _v._ To stretch, to give way, to yield to force, to thaw.
+Give agaan+, _v._ To thaw, to return something when bargaining for luck.
+Give back+, _v._ To recede, to yield through lack of courage.
+Give in+, _v._ To tender an estimate, to give notice to a landlord of intention to quit his farm or house, to admit being vanquished.
+Give out+, _v._ To fail in supply.
+Give ower+, _v._ Leave off, desist, cease. Ex.—_Gi’e ower at yance_, i.e. ‘Cease at once.’
+Gizzen+, _n._ The gizzard.
+Glazzen+, _v._ 1. To glaze a window. 2. Become glassy. Ex.—2. _It’ll seean be deead, its een ’s glazzen’d noo._
+Glease+, +Gleeaze+, _v._ To run swiftly.
+Gleasing+, _n._ A race after, the cost of a suit at law.
+Gleen+, _v._ To shine.
+Gleg+, _v._ To peep slyly, to cast one’s eyes about furtively.
+Glent+, _v._ To glance off at an angle.
+Gliff+, +Glift+, _n._ A passing glance, a glimpse.
+Gloaming+, _n._ Twilight.
+Gloor+, +Gloar+, _v._ To stare intently.
+Glorr+, _n._ Soft, fat.
+Glow+, _Vide_ +Low+.
+Glump+, _v._ To sulk.
+Glumpy+, _adj._ Sulky. Ex.—_If he’s glumpy, let him glump._
+Glut+, _n._ A wooden wedge used to split timber with.
+Gnag+, _v._ To weary one with reproaches, to continually assail one with remarks of an irritating nature.
+Gnaggy+, _adj._ Bad tempered, continually scolding.
+Gnarl+, _v._ To gnaw, as rabbits do trees during a hard winter.
+Gnarr+, _Vide_ +Knar+.
+Gnarr+, _v._ To growl.
+Gnatter+, _v._ To find fault of a petty nature continuously.
+Gnattering+, +Nattering+, _adj._ Fault-finding on all occasions. Ex.—_Oh, sha’s a gnattering au’d thing, sha’s nivver off his beeans._
+Gnipe+, _Vide_ +Knep+.
+Go+ or +Goa+, _n._ 1. Attempt, try. 2. Event, circumstance. Ex.—1. _Cum by, an’ let me ’ev a go at it. He fetched yan doon fust go. All t’ three on uz ’ed a go, bud neean on uz hit it._ 2. _Well, this is a go; it beeats ivvery go, diz this._
+Gob+, _n._ The mouth.
+Gobble+, _v._ To reply in a sulky, indistinct manner. Ex.—_Noo, git thisel oot o’ t’ glumps, an’ deean’t gobble i’ that road when Ah ass tha owt._
+Gob-string+, _n._ A bridle.
+God’s penny+, _n._ A sum of money paid by the master when hiring a servant to bind the transaction.
+Goffen+, +Gecken+, +Gicken+, +Geck+, _v._ To laugh like an idiot.
+Goings on+, _Vide_ +Gahins on+.
+Goke+, +Gowk+, +Gooak+, _n._ The core of an apple, the hard part of a boil or ulcer; also used to denote the centre of many things, as ’t’ gowk o’ t’ stack.’
+Goldens+, _n._ The charred stems of burnt ling.
+Goldie+, _n._ The yellow-hammer.
+Golly+, _n._ A newly-hatched bird.
+Gomerill+, _n._ A born idiot.
+Gone away+, _Vide_ +Fallen away+.
+Good+, _adj._ 1. Considerable. 2. Easy. 3. Well. 4. Almost. 5. Kind, obliging. Ex.—1. _Whya, noo, ther war a good few on ’em._ 2. _That’s good eneeaf ti deea._ 3. _Yan mud ez good talk tiv a yat-post ez yon lad._ 4. _Ah’ve ez good ez deean noo._ 5. _Ya’ll mebbe be seea good ez ti fetch ma a bit o’ bacca back wi’ ya?_
+Good+, _adv._ Altogether, entirely. Ex.—_Wa’d gi’en ya up foor good, wa thowt ya warn’t gahin’ ti mannish to get._
+Goodies+, _n._ Sweetmeats.
+Good-like+, _adj._ Of pleasing appearance.
+Goodman+, _n._ The husband.
+Good riddance+, Lit. Very pleased you have gone away.
+Good-stuff+, _n._ Sweets.
+Good-woman+, _n._ The wife.
+Goose-+ or +Geeasegogs+, _n._ Gooseberry.
+Gorpie+, _n._ _Vide_ +Golly+.
+Gossamer+, _n._ Fine cobwebs found during dry weather, either on the herbage or floating in the air. _Vide_ +Musweb+.
+Gote+, _n._ A narrow passage often running between two rows of houses, a rent in rocks sufficiently wide to admit the passage of one man at a time, a natural narrow ravine. A mill-race is often called a ‘mill-gote.’
+Goupen+, _n._ A handful.
+Goupenful+, _n._ A double handful.
+Gowden+, _adj._ Golden. The ‘ow’ is pronounced as in ‘show.’
+Gowk+, _n._ A fool, a clumsy fellow.
+Gowky+, _adj._ Clumsy. Ex.—_A gret gowky good ti nowt._
+Gowland+, _n._ The corn marigold.
+Grace+, _n._ Advantage, benefit. Ex.—_Ther weean’t be mich grace i’ deeaing a thing leyke that._
+Graft+ or +Graff+, _n._ A spade depth.
+Grain+, _v._ To grumble.
+Graining+, _n._ The fork, the division into branches.
+Grains+, _n._ Branches.
+Graithing+, _n._ Clothes.
+Grapplement+, _n._ A grasping in a struggle.
+Grass widdy+, _n._ An immoral woman.
+Grave+, _v._ To dig.
+Grawn up+, _adj._ Grown up, adult.
+Greean+, +Girn+, +Gairn+, _v._ To groan, as when lifting a heavy weight. Ex.—_Thee lift, an’ Ah’ll deea t’ gerning._
+Gree+, _v._ To agree, to assent.
+Greease-horn+, _n._ A toady, a sycophant.
+Greease in+, _v._ To win over by flattery.
+Greed+, _n._ Avarice.
+Greet+, _v._ To weep silently.
+Grenky+, _adj._ Complaining, unwell, irritable.
+Gret+, _Vide_ +Gert+.
+Gret end+, _adv._ Almost. Ex.—_Ther’ll be t’ gret end o’ fowr scoore. Whya, Ah gav’ t’ gret end o’ twenty pun for ’t._
+Gret likelihood+, Almost a certainty. Ex.—_Tha’ve been keeping cump’ny foor sum tahm, ther’s gret likelihood ’at tha’ll be gittin’ wed afoor lang._
+Griff+, _n._ A small ravine.
+Grime+, +Grahm+, _n._ Soot.
+Grime+, +Grahm+, _v._ To black with soot.
+Grime ower+, _v._ To spread a light covering of dust or other light matter.
+Griming+, _n._ A light covering of snow.
+Grip+, _n._ A narrow trench.
+Gripe+, _n._ A pronged fork for digging.
+Grip ho’d+, _n._ A handle. _v._ To take hold of firmly.
+Grissy+, _adj._ Damp and warm, of the weather.
+Grob+, _n._ An undersized, badly-built man.
+Grob+, _v._ To search with the hand under conditions where the eyes cannot assist.
+Grobble+, _v._ To grope, to search for with a stick or hand, as under a stone for fish. Ex.—_Ah’s grobbling unner t’ steean foor a treeat_, i.e. trout.
+Gross+, +Grossy+, _adj._ Rapid growth, plants too close together, fat.
+Growt-heead+, _n._ A blockhead.
+Grozy+, _adj._ Well-to-do.
+Grue+, _adj._ Sullen, lowering, dismal, also applied to discontent freely expressed.
+Gruff+, _adj._ Brusque.
+Gruff+, _v._ To express dissatisfaction, to grunt, to snort in temper, to snore.
+Grump+, _v._ To sulk.
+Grumps+, _n._ _Vide_ +Brully+.
+Grumpy+, _adj._ Bad tempered, sulky.
+Grund+, _n._ Ground.
+Grundage+, _n._ Ground rent.
+Grun’lstan+, +Grunstan+, _n._ Grindstone.
+Gruntle+, _v._ To give low grunting sounds of discontent.
+Grutch+, _v._ To envy, to grudge. Ex.—_Ther’s nowt ’at he dizn’t grutch yan. He mud ’ev ’ed t’ tweea pigs, bud Ah did grutch him t’ coo._
+Gulch+, _v._ To swallow like a dog. Ex.—_Thoo gulches thi puddin’ doon warse ’an a dog._
+Gumption+, _n._ Tact, general capability. Ex.—_He’ll nowther fick na fend, foor he wants baith mense an’ gumption._
+Gush+, _n._ A rush of air, a gust.
+Gutter+, _v._ To waste, as a candle in a draught. Ex.—_Put t’ deear teea, t’ cann’l’s sweealing an’ guttering awaay leyke all that._
+Gutter eaves+, _n._ The gutter which carries the water from off the roof.
H.
+Hack+, _n._ A small pickaxe.
+Hackle+, _n._ The natural covering of an animal, or the clothes of man.
+Hackle+, _v._ 1. To dress, to put on one’s best attire, to make smart. 2. To turn the soil lightly. Ex.—1. _Sha’s hackled hersel wiv all t’ gew-gaws ’at sha’s gitten._ 2. _Thoo mun just hackle aboot t’ reeats._
+Had away+, A corruption of the Scotch ‘haud awa.’ It is quite common, and used in the sense of ‘come or go quickly.’
+Haffle+, _v._ 1. To hesitate when speaking, to stammer, to appear desirous of keeping something back. 2. To exhibit indecision of character. 3. To quibble. Ex.—1. _Deean’t haffle leyke that, bud speeak plain._ 2. _Naay, what! he’s lost t’ job, he haffled seea; fust he wad an’ then he wadn’t, whahl t’ gaffer gav it ti sumbody else._ 3. _He awlus haffles on that mich, whahl neeabody ho’ds ti owt he sez._
+Hag+, _n._ A thick white fog which, when followed by a frost, forms frost-hag; a coppice, such as often grows on a rough bank or broken ground; a broken rugged bank.
+Hag-berry+, _n._ The fruit of the bird-cherry (_Prunus padus_). NOTE.—In many parts of the North Riding Bug-berry is the common name, _bägg_ being the Swedish for the same.
+Hag-clog+, _n._ A wooden block, varying in size, used as a chopping block.
+Haggle+, _v._ To chop or cut anything unevenly, to tease, to beat down in a bargain, to argue in a contentious spirit.
+Haggy+, _adj._ Rough, boggy, always applied to land.
+Hag snars+, _n._ The stubs left standing after the chopping down of young trees.
+Hag-worm+, _n._ The viper or adder (_Pelias berus_). The name is never applied to the blind-worm.
+Hair-breed+, _n._ 1. By little and little. 2. Slow degrees. 3. The narrowest margin. Ex.—1. _Wa’re bodduming what tha did byv hair-breeds_, i.e. ‘We are finding out what they did little by little.’ 2. _Willie mends, bud it’s nobbut byv hair-breeds._ 3. _He ’scaped wiv his leyfe, bud it war nobbut byv a hair-breed_, lit. ‘A hair’s breadth.’
+Hairy-worm+, _n._ Any caterpillar of a hairy kind.
+Hake+, _n._ An importunate beggar, not necessarily a pauper; a greedy, grasping person.
+Hake+, _v._ To be pertinacious, to weary with importunities.
+Hale+, _v._ To empty a vessel by inclining it to one side.
+Hales+, _n._ The handles of a plough.
+Half-marrow+, _n._ One considered as but a youth at his calling, half-grown.
+Half nowt+, Beneath consideration, either as to money or character. Ex.—_Ah gat it foor hauf nowt. Its nobbut a hauf-nowt when it’s deean. T’ father’s i’ prison an’ t’ lad’s a hauf nowt._
+Half-rocked+ or +-baked+, _adj._ Half-witted, foolish. Ex.—_He knaws nowt, he’s nobbut hauf-rocked. It’s nobbut a hauf-rocked thing foor onnybody ti deea._
+Hallock+, _v._ To wander aimlessly about. Ex.—_If he isn’t risting up agaain a wall, he’ll be hallocking_ _sumwheear. If thoo aims ’at hallocking aboot ’ll finnd tha a job, thoo’s grandly mista’en._
+Hames+, +Heeams+, _n._ That part of a horse’s collar to which the traces are fixed.
+Hammer+, _v._ To stammer.
+Hampered+, _adj._ 1. Hindered by difficulties. 2. Overrun by vermin or insects. Ex.—1. _Ah’ve been hampered wi’ all maks an’ manders o’ things._ 2. _T’ farm’s fairly hampered wi’ rabbits an’ rats._ 3. _Them to’nips leeak a bit hampered wi’ t’ fly._
+Ham-sam+, _v._ To pack or hurriedly put away things anyhow so as to get them out of sight, to throw together anyhow.
+Ham-shackle+, _v._ To tie the head to one of the fore feet to prevent driven cattle from running away.
+Hanch at+, _v._ An attempt to bite from behind.
+Hand, To bear at+. _v._ 1. To blame. 2. To blame with a feeling of resentment. Ex.—1. _Ah beear him at hand foor all sha knows aboot what wa did at Sally’s._ 2. _It war nowt bud a dirty trick, an’ Ah s’all awlus beear him at hand for ’t._
+Hand-clowt+, +Han’-cloot+, _n._ A towel.
+Hand-ho’d+, _n._ That which admits of being firmly gripped, the act of gripping. Ex.—_It ’ez a good hand-ho’d ti ’t. Ah gat a good hand-ho’d, an’ Ah nivver let go._
+Handle+, +Hann’l+, _v._ 1. To treat. 2. To manage. Ex.—1. _Tha hann’ld t’ lad varry badly._ 2. _Sha’s varra kittlish an’ bad ti hann’l._
+Hand-running+, _adv._ In regular succession. Ex.—_He’s ta’en fowr prizes han’-running._
+Handsel+, +Han’sel+, _n._ and _v._ 1. The money received on or before the commencement of any work so as to make the agreement binding. 2. To give something on using a thing for the first time. 3. The act of using a thing for the first time. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll pay tha summat noo ti han’sel t’ job._ 2. _Whya, thoo’ll be leyke ti han’sel t’ new hoss, wa s’ want a glass apiece._ 3. _Ah’ve han’sel’d t’ new reaper ti-daay._
+Hand-staff+, _n._ The handle of a flail.
+Hand-turn+, _n._ A small amount of work. Ex.—_Sha’s that lazy ’at sha weean’t deea a hand-to’n foor hersen, let aleean foor onnybody else._
+Handy+, _adj._ 1. Skilful, apt, clever with one’s hands. 2. Useful, just the very thing needed. Ex.—1. _He’s a varra handy chap._ 2. _It’s yan o’ t’ maist handy things ’at Ah’ve ivver clap’t my een on._
+Hang-dog+, _adj._ Sullen. Ex.—_Deean’t gan aboot wiv a hang-dog leeak o’ thi feeace leyke that._
+Hang-dog+, _n._ A worthless fellow.
+Hangedly+, _adv._ Without heart, despondent.
+Hank+, _n._ A latchet or loop of band or rope used to secure a gate; a skein of wool or string, &c.
+Hank+, _v._ To hang the bridle to a hook, gate, &c.; to fasten, as a gate.
+Hank, To get things in a+ = To get one’s circumstances involved.
+Hankle+, +Henkle+, _v._ 1. To become entangled. 2. To greatly desire, used in a very wide sense. Ex.—1. _Ah’ve gitten t’ kite band sadly hankled_, i.e. entangled. _He’s gitten hankled on wi’ yon chap, an’ he’ll deea him neea good. Ah weean’t be hankled on wi’ neea sike leyke carryings on_, i.e. mixed up with. 2. _Ah awlus hed a hankling foor Tom’s meer. Neea, wa didn’t bargain, bud Ah’ve a gert hankling foor ’t._
+Hant+, _v._ To frequent. Ex.—_He fairly hants t’ hoos sen Polly cam._
+Hanted+, _v._ 1. Frequented by a ghost. 2. To be always at one’s heels. Ex.—1. _Ah wadn’t gan neear t’ pleeace at neet, tha saay it’s hanted._ 2. _He’s awlus sumwheear nigh at hand, Ah’s fairly hanted wi t’ lad sen Ah gat t’ larl pony._
+Hap+, _v._ 1. To cover over. 2. To wrap up. 3. To bury. 4. To discontinue. 5. To happen, chance, befall. Ex.—1. _Thoo mun hap t’ strawberries up wi’ a bit o’ streah._ 2. _Noo ya mun hap up well, it’s a cau’d neet._ 3. _Ah’ve just happ’d Willie’s grave up._ 4. _Let’s hap t’ job up noo an’ saay neea mair aboot it._ 5. _If nowt s’u’d hap ti stop ma, Ah s’ cum._ NOTE.—Lap is often used instead of ‘hap’ in 2 and 4.
+Happen+, _v._ 1. Possibly. 2. To meet with. 3. Perhaps. Ex.—1. _Will ta cum? Happen Ah maay._ 2. _He’s happen’d a bad accident._ 3. _Ass him, an’ happen he’ll gi’e tha ’t._
+Happing+, _n._ Covering of any kind, usually bed-clothes.
+Haps+, _n._ Any covering which may be used over the ordinary clothes. Ex.—_‘A’e ya browt plenty o’ haps wi’ ya?_ meaning topcoats, jackets, rugs, &c.
+Harbour+, _n._ Shelter, lodging. Ex.—_Wa mun finnd a harbour sumwhere whahl t’ shooer’s ower’d. Seea lang ez it’s cleean Ah deean’t mahnd, bud Ah mun ’ev a harbour foor t’ neet._
+Harbour+, _v._ To shelter, to hide, generally used in a derogatory sense. Ex.—_Sha’s neeawaays neyce whaw sha harbours_, i. e. ‘She is not particular what kind of people she takes in, shelters, or lets her rooms to.’ _Tha’d harbour t’ devil if tha thowt tha c’u’d mak owt byv it._
+Hard+, _adj._ Sour, said of beer; difficult to do or manage, close, much. Ex.—_He’s a hard un ti bargain wi’. It ficked that hard, whahl Ah c’u’dn’t ho’d it_, i. e. much. _He awlus drahves a hard bargain_, i. e. close. _It’s ommaist neea ewse assing him; he said he wadn’t, an’ he’s hard ti to’n._
+Hard eneeaf+, _adv._ Without doubt, certainly, of a truth. Ex.—_Ah’ll deea ’t, hard eneeaf. He’ll tell tha what he thinks, hard eneeaf._
+Hard, To look+, _v._ To pay great attention, to observe closely. Ex.—_Thoo mun leeak hard at it, an’ then thoo’ll seean git thi task off. Ah hed ti leeak hard at him afoor Ah kenn’d whaw it war._
+Harden+, _v._ 1. To bring oneself to do a thing. 2. To clear up after rain. Ex.—1. _Ah deean’t leyke t’ job, bud Ah s’all ’a’e ti harden mysel ti ’t._ 2. _It’s neea ewse to’ning t’ hay, whahl it hardens up a bit._
+Harden-feeaced+, _adj._ Threatening, lowering—of the sky or weather.
+Harding+, _n._ A coarse kind of material for making aprons or wrappers of.
+Hardlings+, _adv._ Not quite, scarcely.
+Hard o’ hearing+, _adj._ More or less deaf.
+Hardset+, _adv._ With difficulty able. Ex.—_Sha’s hardset ti mak ends meet. Ah wur hardset ti git t’ job deean i’ tahm._
+Hark back, To+, _Vide_ +Harp+.
+Hark ya+, _intj._ Hear you! listen!
+Harled+, _adj._ Mottled.
+Harn+, _n._ _Vide_ +Harding+.
+Harp+, _v._ To continually refer to some annoying circumstance, some mistake, or disgrace. Ex.—_Sha nivver lets t’ thing dee, sha’s awlus harping on aboot it._
+Harr+, _n._ A thick fog inclining to rain.
+Harrish+, _n._ Worry, annoyance, trouble. Ex.—_It’s a bit of a harrish, bud then wa s’ git ower ’t sumhoo._
+Harrish+, _v._ To be worried owing to some misadventure, distressed through not knowing how some undertaking may turn out.
+Harrow, To trail a light+ = To have a small family, to have few worries or difficulties.
+Hartree+, _n._ The tail-piece of a gate.
+Harv+, _v._ The word for a horse to turn to the left hand.
+Hasky+, +Hask+, _adj._ Dry, rough, coarse.
+Hat up, To hang one’s+ = To be quite at home, welcome. Ex.—_Ah can hang mah hat up yonder when Ah’ve a mahnd teea._
+Hatter+, _v._ To mix or confuse things, to knot, to throw in disorder. _See also_ +Hotter+.
+Hause+, _n._ The throat or neck.
+Hauve+, _v._ To stare stupidly.
+Hauvey-gauvey+, _n._ A stupid fellow, a lout.
+Hauvish+, _adj._ Lacking common sense, stupid.
+Havver+, _n._ Oats; hence +Havver-cake+.
+Havver-meal+, _n._ Oatmeal.
+Hay-bauks+, _n._ Poles or sticks so arranged to hold hay for cattle to feed from.
+Hay-bay+, _n._ A wild uproar.
+Hay-chat+, _n._ The whitethroat.
+Hasel+, _Vide_ +Hezzle+.
+Hazled+, _adj._ An intermixture of red and white hairs. When the red preponderate, the beast is dark hazled; when white, vice versa. Often designated roan or roaned.
+Head+, _n._ The upper part of a dale.
+Head-gear+, _n._ 1. The blinders and bit, &c. 2. Head-dress. 3. Good sense, brain power. Ex.—1. _He’s putten t’ heead-gear on afoor t’ barfan._ 2. _Did ti notish her heead-gear? It wur grand._ 3. _Ez far ez a bit o’ heead-geear gans, he’s ez sharp ez onny on ’em._
+Head-rigg+, _n._ That part of a field on which the horses and plough are turned about.
+Head screwed on the right way+, Knowing what is best to be done, sensible, having good judgement.
+Head-stall+, _n._ A halter, usually made of hemp.
+Head-tire+, _n._ Head-dress.
+Heap+, _n._ In measure a quarter of a peck.
+Heart-brussen+ or +Brussen-hearted+, _adj._ Heart-broken.
+Heart-bun+, +Heart-grown+, _adj._ Strongly attached to a place; also having a great desire to accomplish something in the future.
+Heart-eased+, _adj._ Freed from pain or distress.
+Hearten+, _v._ To encourage, to give hope.
+Heart-sick+, _adj._ Without hope, despondent.
+Heart, Soft at+ } _adj._ Easily appeased, kindly disposed. +Heart, Warm at+ }
+Heart-whole+, _adj._ 1. True-hearted. 2. Fancy-free. Ex.—_Tak him all ends up he’s a heart-w’oll, canny chap. Ah’s heart-w’oll yet; ther’s nowt aboot here ’at’s ta’en mah fancy_, i. e. not in love.
+Heave+, _v._ To scatter corn, to winnow it.
+Heave and throw+, To retch and vomit.
+Heave up+, _v._ To retch.
+Heck+, _n._ The upper part, containing the latch, of a door made in two parts. A rack for fodder; hence Stand-heck.
+Heckling+, _n._ Being much questioned whilst being scolded.
+Heckling+, _v._ To pester with many pertinent and impertinent questions.
+Hedge-dike+, _n._ A bank with a hedge on it, forming a fence.
+Hedge-dike-side+, _n._ The part of the hedge-bank on the water-channel side.
+Heead-wark+, _n._ Headache.
+Heeaf+, _n._ and _v._ Home, an abode; to abide.
+Heeak+, _v._ To loiter, to hang about with intent to eavesdrop.
+Heeal, Yal+, _adj._ Whole.
+Heeam, Yam+, _n._ Home. Also pronounced Whoam.
+Heeat, Yat+. Pronunciations of Hot.
+Heed+, _v._ To concern oneself, to mind, to pay proper and thoughtful attention to. Ex.—_Ah deean’t heed mich ov ’at he sez. Nivver heed, cum on. He nivver heeds what onnybody sez._
+Heegh+, High.
+Heeze+, _v._ To breathe hoarsely.
+Heeze+, _n._ A disease incident to pigs, and when so afflicted they breathe with difficulty.
+Heezy+, _adj._ Wheezing, hoarse.
+Heft+, _v._ To fit a handle to.
+Heft+, _n._ 1. A handle. 2. Not all, only part. Ex.—1. _T’ knife’s gitten a grand heft tul ’t._ 2. _Thoo’s nobbut gitten a heft on ’t, sha’s kept t’ main on ’t back._
+Heigh-how+, _v._ To yawn.
+Held+, _v._ 1. A condition of finance. 2. Inclination. Ex.—1. _Ah’d ’a’e lent tha t’ brass leyke all that, bud Ah’s badly held mysel just noo._ 2. _Ah war gretly held i’ t’ seeam waay_, i. e. ‘I was greatly inclined the same way.’
+Helm+, +Hellum+, _n._ A rough shed or shelter away from the farm buildings.
+Helter+, _n._ A halter.
+Helter-skelter+, _n._ A wild rush of people or animals. Ex.—_When he seed ma he went helter-skelter doon t’ lonnin’ leyke a scopperil._
+Hemmel+, _n._ The handrail of a wooden bridge.
+Hempy+, _adj._ Mischievous, even to breaking the law, malicious.
+Hen-bauk+, _n._ The beam for fowls to roost on.
+Henkle+, _Vide_ +Hankle+.
+Hennet+ = Have not. Should be written ‘’ae‘ nut.’
+Henpen+, _n._ The manure of fowls.
+Hen-scrats+, +Hen-scrattings+, _n._ Light, streaky, fleecy clouds, often called +Fillytails+.
+Heron-sew+, _n._ The heron.
+Heap+, _n._ The catch which fastens gates, doors, &c.
+Hezzle+, +Hezzling+, +Heshing+, _v._ To beat, to thrash soundly.
+Hide+, _v._ To flog, to chastise.
+Hig+, _n._ Offence taken of a petty nature, to be offended for the time being. Ex.—_Tak neea notish, sha’s nobbut ta’en t’ hig._
+High-larn’d+, _adj._ Highly educated.
+High up+, _adj._ A good position in society, rank, or office.
+Hind+, _n._ The head farm servant, who is hired by the year, and has a house provided rent free, with sundry other perquisites; a sort of bailiff, in fact, but of a lower degree.
+Hinder-ends+, _n._ The poorer corn left after threshing.
+Hing+, +Heng+, _v._ 1. To hang. 2. To cling. 3. To continue. Ex.—1. _Hing thi coaat up._ 2. _He’s treated her warse ’an a dog, bud sha still hings tiv him._ 3. _If t’ droot hings on, to’nips’ll be ti neea good ti year._
+Hing for rain, To+, A common phrase used when rain is more than probable.
+Hipe+, _v._ To push with the horns, to make grimaces.
+Hiper+, _n._ A mimic.
+Hipping-steeans+, _n._ Stepping-stones.
+Hippings+, _n._ Baby’s napkins.
+Hipple+, _n._ A small bundle of half-dried hay.
+Hiring penny+, _n._ A sum of money, generally half a crown, paid as earnest money by a master on hiring his farm servant.
+Hirings+, _n._ A statute fair, at which servants are hired.
+Hirp+, +Hirple+, _v._ To stick the back up with cold.
+Hiss+, _Vide_ +Siss+.
+Hissel+, +Hissen+, _pro._ Himself.
+Hitch+, _v._ To hop.
+Hitch, strahd, an’ jump+ or +loup+. Hop, stride, and jump.
+Hoavish+, _adj._ Stupid, idiotic.
+Hobman+, The name of an elf-man, at one time very generally believed in, doubtless akin to, if not the same as, Danish _Nisses_. Each elf-man or hobman had his habitation, to which he gave his name, as Hob Hill, Upleatham, Hob Green, near Ripon, Hob o’ t’ rush Rook, on the Farndale moors, &c. There must have been both kindly natured and malicious hobmen, as stories are plentiful in proof of both.
+Hobble+, _v._ To move along with difficulty or from age.
+Hobble+, _n._ Trouble, perplexity. Ex.—_Throw what Ah’ve tell’d Bob Ah’ve gitten mysel intiv a gret hobble. He’s tell’d what Ah sed, an’ sha’s letten oot what he sed, an’ noo wa’re all iv a hobble tigither._
+Ho’d+, _v._ 1. To hold. 2. To keep. 3. To maintain. 4. To keep in employment. 5. To remain with. Ex.—1. _Thoo mun ho’d fast._ 2. _Thoo mun ho’d ti what thoo’s sed. If t’ daay ho’ds fair wa s’all git wer hay._ 3. _Ah ho’d ’at he’s i’ t’ wrang._ 4. _T’ job at t’ chuch ’ll ho’d him foor long eneeaf._ 5. _He’s laam’d foor leyfe; ’t’ll ho’d him ti t’ end ov his daays._
+Ho’d+, _n._ 1. Possession. 2. Tenure. Ex.—1. _When he gits ho’d he’ll keep ho’d._ 2. _If thoo dizn’t mak thi ho’d paay thoo owt._
+Ho’d fair+, _v._ To keep fair.
+Ho’d off+, _v._ To hold off, to keep off. Ex.—_Ah think t’ rain’s gahin’ ti ho’d off. If he can nobbut ho’d off fra drinkin’ he’ll cum roond._
+Ho’d on+, _v._ 1. To retain one’s grip. 2. Also used in the sense of to stop, wait a moment. Ex.—1. _Ho’d on tiv its heead, Ah’s cummin’._ 2. _Ho’d on a bit, deean’t thoo slavver on seea fast_, i.e. ‘Wait a moment, don’t you talk so fast.’
+Ho’d talk+, _v._ To gossip, also as a noun. Ex.—_Sha’ll ho’d talk wi’ onnybody; aye, sha’s a champion at ho’ding talk._
+Ho’d teea+, _v._ To agree to, to carry out, to uphold.
+Ho’d up+, _v._ To keep one’s head up, to fight against despondency. Ex.—_Noo deean’t gi’e waay, thoo mun ho’d up; things isn’t seea bad, noo ho’d up._
+Ho’d wi’+, _v._ To agree with. Ex.—_Whya noo, Ah ho’d wi’ t’ main o’ what thoo sez._
+Hoffle+, _Vide_ +Hobble+.
+Hog+, _n._ A male pig, a sheep of a year old.
+Hoidle+, _v._ To idle.
+Hoit+, _v._ To act like a fool. _n._ A fool.
+Hoity-toity+, _intj._ An exclamation of surprise, carrying with it slight indignation. _adj._ Somewhat ruffled in temper.
+Holl+, _n._ A narrow deep depression in the face of the land, varying in length, but never extensive; the dead of night.
+Hollin+, _n._ The holly.
+Holm+, _n._ Land by the side of a stream, low-lying and subject to being flooded.
+Holy+ or +Lemmel steean+, _n._ Any water-rolled stone of small size having a hole through, once valued as a charm against witches.
+Home-coming+, _n._ The return home of an absent one, the festivities on such an occasion after a wedding or long absence.
+Honey+, A term of endearment, often preceded or followed by some other word to add greater force. Little conception can be formed of the love and tenderness which is thrown into and expressed by this word; it must be heard as coming from a mother’s lips. Ex.—‘_Oh, mah sweet honey bairn!_’ said as a mother picked up a fallen child. ‘_Thoo little honey!_’ as the baby was clasped to its mother’s breast. ‘_Gan thi ways, honey dear; Cu’ thi ways, mah honey pet_,’ &c.
+Honey-fall+, _n._ A piece of rare luck, money left from some unexpected quarter.
+Honeysouk+, _n._ Honeysuckle.
+Hoo+, _adv._ How.
+Hood-end+, _n._ The flat portion found on either side of old-style fire grates, upon which a kettle or pan may be placed.
+Hoos+, _n._ House. _Vide_ +House+.
+Hooze+, _Vide_ +Heeze+.
+Hopper+, _n._ The basket or skep containing the seed corn when sowing, usually suspended by a strap over the shoulders.
+Hopple+, _v._ 1. To tie the legs of an animal so as to prevent its running away. 2. To hinder. Ex.—2. _It’s neea ewse his endivering when he’s hoppled wiv a weyfe leyke yon; sha’s nowt bud a clog tiv his foot_, i.e. ‘It is no use his striving when he is hindered or tied to a wife like that; she is nothing but a drag on him.’
+Hork+, _v._ To trail about.
+Horry+, _v._ To hurry.
+Horse-gogs+ or +Hoss-gogs+, _n._ A common, astringent, purple brown plum.
+Hoss-steean+, +Hoss-block+, +Hossin’-steps+, _n._ A stone or steps used to stand upon when about to mount a horse.
+Hosses together, They deean’t put ther+ = Not friendly.
+Hoss-teng+, _n._ The common dragon-fly.
+Hoss-trod+, _n._ A bridle-road.
+Hostle+, _v._ To put up at an inn. ‘Hostle’ is only used in connexion with an inn. We ‘put up’ and ‘hostle’ at an inn, and ‘lowse out’ at a friend’s. Ex.—_Ah can lowse oot at thi pleeace, caan’t Ah?_ or _Ah’ll put up at t’ Black Swan. Ah hostles at t’ Blew Pig._
+Ho’t+, Pronunciation of +Hurt+.
+Hotch+, _v._ To botch, to bungle.
+Hotch+, _n._ A mismanaged affair.
+Hot-pots+, +Heeat-+ or +Yat-pots+, _n._ _Vide_ ‘Wedding Customs.’
+Hotter+, _v._ To jolt, to bump as in a cart over a stony road.
+Hottery+, _adj._ Broken, rough, uneven road.
+Houe+, _n._ A hill of considerable size: Houe Hill, near Ripon. A tumulus.
+Houl+, _n._ _Vide_ +Holl+.
+Hound+, _v._ 1. To incite. 2. To give an opportunity. Ex.—1. _Them ’at hounded him on war t’ fo’st ti bleeam him._ 2. _Neeabody’s hounded him on mair ’an what Ah ’ev, an’ yet he wadn’t stick up tul him._
+House+, _n._, pron. _hoos_. With our country folk, ‘hoos’ is not the whole building, but the one room in which the family usually dwell; the other rooms are spoken of as the parlour, back room, and the chambers, &c. Ex.—_Deean’t set it doon i’ t’ hoos, tak it inti t’ parlour._
+House-fast+, _adj._ Confined to the house through illness.
+House+ or +Hoos fau’k+ or +fooak+, _n._ The people of the house.
+House-kept+ or +-held+, _adj._ Confined to the house owing to some preventing cause other than illness.
+Housin’ stuff+ or +sticks+. Household goods, furniture.
+Hout+, _intj._ Expressing incredulity or dissent.
+Hover+, _v._ 1. To hesitate. 2. Inclined for. Ex.—1. _Ah hovered a larl bit afoor Ah bowt it._ 2. _Ah doot it’s hovering foor raain._
+Howk+, _v._ 1. To dig. 2. To lift or push with some force. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll howk t’ grund foor tha. He gat at t’ back o’ ma an’ howk’d ma inti t’ carridge afoor Ah ken’d wheear Ah war._
+Howly+, _n._ A boys’ game.
+Howse+, _v._ To bale out water, &c.
+Howsomivver+, +Howsumivver+, +Hoosivver+, _conj._ Howsoever, however.
+Hubble-shoo+, _n._ An excited, noisy crowd.
+Huckle+, _n._ The hip.
+Huff+, _n._ Offence taken. Ex.—_He’s ta’en huff, an’ sha’s ta’en t’ hig, an’ tha’ve baith gitten t’ hump tigither._
+Huff+, _v._ To puff or swell up, as after a blow.
+Huff’d+, _p._, _a._ Offended.
+Huffil+, _n._ A finger-stall.
+Hug+, _v._ To carry, whether in the arms or on the back.
+Hugger-mugger+, _n._ Everything in disorder.
+Huke-bone+, _Vide_ +Huckle+.
+Huker+, _v._ To barter.
+Hull+, _v._ To remove the pod or outer covering of peas, beans, &c.
+Hulls+, +Hullin+, _n._ The pods or outer covering of many fruits and grain.
+Hummel+, _v._ To break off the awns of barley.
+Hummel’d+, _adj._ Without horns.
+Hummeller+, _n._ The instrument used to hummel with.
+Humped+, _adj._ Sulky.
+Hunger+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To suffer from the pangs of hunger. 2. To withhold food, to provide insufficiently. Ex.—1. _Ah war hungered past my bahdings._ 2. _He hungers ivverything aboot t’ pleeace._
+Hussocks+, _n._ Coarse tufts of grass.
+Hutter+, _Vide_ +Hotter+.
I.
+I’+, _prep._ In. ‘I’’ is used before a consonant, ‘iv’ before a vowel. Ex.—_I’ t’ boddum o’ t’ box_, i.e. ‘In the bottom of the box.’ _Iv all manner o’ waays._
+Ice-shoggles+, +Ice-shogglins+, _n._ Icicles.
+Ickles+, _n._ Icicles.
+If+, Is often used for ‘whether,’ _Vide_ ex. +Nither+.
+If in case+, +If so be as how+. Redundancies for ‘+if+.’
+If no more+ = If not more.
+If so be that+, _Vide_ +If in case+.
+Ill+, _adj._ Bad, evil dispositioned or intentioned. Ex.—_He’s queer, bud sha’s an ill un._
+Ill+, _n._ Harm. Ex.—_Thoo’s warked him all t’ ill ’at ivver thoo c’u’d._
+Ill-deed+, _n._ Evil proceedings, ill-luck. Ex.—_Ill-deed nivver thrives. He’s ’ed nowt bud ill-deed fra t’ startin’._
+Ill-fare+, _v._ To fail through ill-luck, often used in reversed order, as +Fare-ill+. Ex.—_Ah ’ed it fetch t’ meer yam agaan, Ah nobbut fared ill wi ’t, ez sha brak baith her knees cumin’ doon t’ bank._
+Ill-favoured+, _Vide_ +Ill-thriven+.
+Ill-gaited+, _adj._ Awkward in action.
+Ill-hap+, _n._ Misfortune.
+Illify+, _v._ To speak disparagingly of, to defame. Ex.—_Sha illifies onnybody an’ ivverybody, sha spares nowt na neeabody._
+Ill-put-on+ or +-putten+, _adj._ Shabby, applied to clothes.
+Ill-ta’en+, _adv._ To take anything with bad grace. Ex.—_It war nobbut ill-ta’en what thoo sed._
+Ill-tented+, _adj._ Neglected, badly cared for or looked after.
+Ill-thriven+ or +-throven+, _adj._ Having a weakly, ill-fed appearance, unhealthy.
+Immense+, _adj._ Exactly, precisely the thing required.
+Imp+, _n._ An extra ring, usually made of straw, used for enlarging the size, by insertion beneath the beehive.
+In+, +Un+. One. _Vide_ +Un+.
+Incomin’+, _n._ Entrance, the taking possession by a new tenant.
+Inear+, _n._ The kidney.
+Ing+, _n._ A low-lying pasture.
+Ingle+, _n._ 1. Fire, flame. 2. The fireside, when used with the definite article. Ex.—_Ah tell’d my taal o’ luv byv t’ ingle glow._
+Ingle-neuk+, _n._ The corners by the fireside within the old-fashioned open chimneys.
+Inkle+, _n._ A kind of tape.
+Inkle+, _v._ 1. To arrange plans. 2. To have a desire for. Ex.—1. _He’s awlus inklin’ summat, bud it nivver cums ti nowt._ 2. _He maistly inkles efter what he can’t git._
+Inkle-weavers, As thick as+, In the weaving of inkle the workers were enabled to sit quite close together, the width of the fabric being so narrow; hence arose the saying, ‘As thick as inkle-weavers.’ The phrase also carries the idea of great friendship.
+Inklin’+, _n._ A hint, an idea, a guess. Ex.—_Ah’ve gi’en her a bit ov an inklin’ o’ what’s gahin’ on. It’ll nut be lang afoor he finnds ’em oot, he’s gitten an inklin’._
+In-meats+, _n._ The viscera of any animal which is considered edible.
+Innards+, _n._ One’s inside, bowels, entrails, &c.
+Innerly+, _adv._ More within.
+Inoo+, +Inow+, _adv._ Presently, shortly.
+Insense+, _v._ 1. To inform. 2. To make clear beyond all doubt. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll insense him inti ’t when Ah see him._ 2. _Ah varra seean insens’d it intiv him._
+Insides+, _n._ Viscera.
+Intak+, _n._ Land enclosed from a common or road for cultivation.
+Inti+, +Intil+, +Intiv+, +Intul+, _prep._ Into.
+In wi’, To be+ = To be on good terms with. Ex.—_Jack’s weel in wi’ t’ Squire._
+Iv+, _Vide_ +I’+.
+Ivvery+, _adj._ Every.
+Ivvery like+, _adv._ Every now and then.
J.
+Jab+, _v._ To crush. Ex.—_Ah’ve gitten mah finger sadly jabbed wi t’ yat._
+Jack+, _n._ Quarter-pint measure.
+Jacket, To warm one’s+ = To beat, to chastise. Ex.—_If thoo gans theear onny mair, Ah’ll warm thi jacket for tha._
+Jacketed, To be+, _v._ To hear a charge, or bear reproof having first been arraigned before one’s superiors; to be closeted with. Ex.—_He’s been jacketed wi’ t’ gaffer i’ t’ parlour ower an hoor noo. Ah’ll lay he’s gi’en him t’ lines properly._
+Jaded+, _adj._ To be almost overcome with difficulties.
+Jangle+, _v._ To jingle.
+Jannock+, _adj._ Fair, honourable, just.
+Jar+, _v._ To quarrel.
+Jar on+, _v._ To be continually at variance.
+Jarring+, _n._ Quarrelling, squabbling.
+Jaup+, _v._ 1. To strike together. 2. To shake any liquid in a vessel. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll jaup tha eggs_, i.e. boys jaup their Easter eggs by striking them one against the other; the one succeeding in breaking the other’s egg claims it as victor. 2. _If thoo jaups t’ milk leyke that, thoo’ll finnd butter i’ t’ can when thoo gits yam._
+Jaupin’+, +Jaupen+, _adj._ Gaping, wide.
+Javver+, _n._ Silly talk, foolish prating.
+Jealous+, +Jillous+, _adj._ Suspicious. _v._ To anticipate. Ex.—_Ah war a bit jillous ’at he wad splet on uz. Ah jillous’d Jim all t’ tahm._
+Jert+, _v._ To project a stone by catching the hand against the side.
+Jill+, _v._ To drink continuously but in small quantities. Ex.—_Neeabody ivver sees him tak a gert quantity, bud then he gans jilling aboot seea._
+Jimp+, _adj._ 1. Smart in figure, slight. 2. Short measure. Ex.—1. _Sha’s gitten ez jimp a waist ez onny lass._ 2. _It’s jimp i’ t’ paper, an’ jimp i’ pot_, i. e. ‘Light both as to weight and measure.’
+Jin+, Jane.
+Jinny-spinner+, _n._ The crane-fly, or any of the genus _Tipula_.
+Jinny-ullot+, +Jenny Howlet+, _n._ The tawny owl (_Syrnium siridula_).
+Job+, _v._ To trade in. Ex.—_He jobs iv ommaist owt_.
+Joblijock+, _n._ The name of the cock turkey, a domestic trouble or discomfort.
+Jodder+, +Jother+, _n._ A shaking, as one gets in a springless cart, a trembling. Ex.—_It joggled an’ Ah jothered, whahl Ah felt leyke tumm’ling ti bits._
+Jodder+, +Jother+, _v._ To shake like jelly, to tremble.
+Jodderum+, _n._ A trembling, shaking mass.
+Joggle+, _v._ To shake, to be unsteady in motion.
+Joggly+, _adj._ Shaky, unsteady.
+Joggle-stick+, _n._ The bar which secures the shafts to the body of the cart.
+Jollous+, _adj._ In good condition, healthy, well-fed.
+Jolt-heead+, _n._ A clumsy fellow.
+Jorum+, _n._ A pitcher-like vessel of considerable size; the whole lot, a considerable crowd of people.
+Joskin+, _n._ A country lad.
+Joul+, +Jowl+, _n._ The jaw; fat hanging cheeks.
+Joul+, +Jowl+, _v._ To jolt or hit against. Ex.—_Ah laamed mahsen sadly, Ah jowl’d my heead up agaainst t’ deear._
+Jowls+, _n._ A kind of hockey played by boys.
+Judy-cow+, _Vide_ +Doody-cow+.
+Jumm’lment+, _n._ 1. A confusion. 2. Things of many kinds. Ex.—1. _Thoo’s gitten things intiv a straange jumm’lment._ 2. _Ah nivver clapt my een on sike a jumm’lment o’ trash ez he’s gitten geddered tigedder._
+Jump with, To+, _v._ To meet or to find. Ex.—_Ah jumped wi’ Betty at t’ lonnin’ end. Efter leeaking all ower foor t’ lad, Ah jumped wiv him at skeeal yat._
+June bug+, _n._ The ladybird (_Coccinella punctata_). _Vide_ +Doody-cow+.
+Junters+, _adj._ Sulks, bad temper.
K.
+Kaimt+, _adj._ Not straight.
+Kale+, +Keeal+, _n._ Porridge, broth. NOTE.—If for other than domestic use, it is specialized as ‘Keeal for t’ pigs,’ ‘flour keeal,’ &c.
+Kale-pot+, +Keeal-pot+. An iron pot having three short iron feet, used for cooking kale in.
+Kalīver+, _v._ To dance about excitedly.
+Kame+, +Keeam+, _n._ A comb. Also as a _verb_.
+Kane+, +Keean+, _v._ To bring fermentation to a head.
+Kave+, +Keeave+, _v._ To rake the ’pulls and caff’ from corn when thrashing.
+Kavings+, _n._ The short straws, &c., as above.
+Kead+, +Ked+, _n._ The sheep-tick (_Melophagus ovinus_).
+Keck+, +Kecken+, _v._ To make a noise whilst coughing, as if something was fast in the throat; to have a loathing for; fastidious.
+Kecken-hearted+, _adj._ Nauseated, fanciful.
+Keckle+, _v._ To laugh heartily.
+Kedge+, _n._ A glutton.
+Kedge+, _v._ To set the teeth on edge, to eat and drink like a glutton.
+Kedging+, _n._ Food.
+Keeak+, _n._ Cake.
+Keeak+, _v._ To cake, to form a hard scum. _Vide_ also +Keek+.
+Keeaky+, _adj._ Brisk, lively.
+Keeave+, +Kauve+, _v._ To paw the ground impatiently, as a horse.
+Keeaving-rake+ } _n._ The rake and riddle used during thrashing. +Keeaving-riddle+ }
+Keek+, +Keeak+, _v._ To lean towards, or tilt up. Ex.—_Keeak t’ cart a larl bit mair._
+Keek+, _v._ To pry or peep into, to observe unawares. Ex.—_Sha’s nowt na better ’an a keyhooal keeker, sha’s allus keeking._
+Keen+, _adj._ Eager, energetic, desirous. Ex.—_Ah nivver seed neeabody sae keen afoor. He’s ez keen ez a tarrier. Ah war a bit keen ti git it._
+Kegged+, _adj._ Offended, inclined to be spiteful. Ex.—_He gat hissel sairly kegg’d ower t’ job._
+Keld+, +Kell+, +Caul+, _n._ The membrane enveloping the foetus in the womb, and occasionally found adhering at birth.
+Kelk+, _n._ Fool’s parsley (_Aethusa cynapium_), a heavy blow, a single ovum of the spawn of a fish.
+Kelps+, _n._ The iron hooks hanging from the gally-bauk.
+Kelter+, _n._ Circumstances of any kind; wealth, or rather the condition of wealth as vested in property.
+Kelter+, _n._ To go full speed. Ex.—_Ah nivver cam sike a kelter i’ mah leyfe._
+Keltering+, _adj._ Almost beyond comparison. Ex.—_Mah wo’d, bud yon is a keltering good un._
+Kelterment+, _Vide_ +Ketterment+.
+Kemps+, _n._ Hairs mixed with wool.
+Kempt+, _pp._ Combed.
+Ken+, _v._ To know.
+Ken+, +Kern+, _v._ To churn. _n._ A churn.
+Ken-cruddle+, _n._ A churn staff.
+Ken-milk+, _n._ Churn-milk, i.e. butter-milk.
+Kennigood+, _n._ A reminder. Ex.—_Tak that ez a kennigood_, said a man, boxing a boy’s ears.
+Kenning+, _n._ 1. Knowledge. 2. Recognition. Ex.—1. _Ther’s a gay bit o’ kenning i’ t’ lad._ 2. _T’ lass ’ez waxed that mich whahl ther’s neea kenning her._
+Kenspak+, +Kenspeckle+, _adj._ Easily known or recognizable, conspicuous.
+Kent+, _pp._ Knew.
+Kep+, _v._ To catch. Ex.—_Ah’ll potch an’ thoo kep._
+Keslip+, +Keslop+, _n._ Rennet.
+Kessen+, _part._ Cast, bent.
+Kess’mas+, +Kess’nmas+, +Kessamas+, _n._ Christmas.
+Kess’n+, _v._ To christen.
+Kess’nen+, _n._ A christening.
+Kess’n up+ = To be found, to turn up. Ex.—_Ah thowt it ’ed geean foor good, bud it’s kess’n up agaain ez good ez ivver._
+Kest+, _adj_. Bent, not straight, out of truth.
+Kest+, _v._ To cast off.
+Ket+, _n._ Filth, tainted meat, carrion.
+Ketlock+, _n._ Charlock. _Vide_ +Runch+.
+Ketterment+, _n._ Rubbish.
+Ketty+, _adj._ 1. Nasty. 2. Disagreeable. Ex.—1. _Oh, what ketty stuff! Ah caan’t eat it._ 2. _It’s nobbut a ketty gahin’ on_, i.e. a disagreeable proceeding.
+Kevel+, _n._ A strong, fairly long ash handle, to which is fixed a steel hammer-head of curious shape, used as a hammer in quarry work.
+Kevel+, _v. and n._ Both the working of the stone and the swinging of the hammer. Ex.—_Ah’ll kevel mair flints iv a daay ’an he can_, i.e. dress more flints. _He mannishes varra weel foor a new starter, an’ when he’s larnt t’ knack o’ takking a larl bit wider kevel, he’ll chip all t’ easier foor ’t_, i.e. ‘When he has learnt the trick of taking a little bit wider sweep or swing, he will chip all the easier for it.’ In some way difficult to define, both the noun and verb, +Kevel+, relate to the handle and its action as well as to the head.
+Kex+, _n._ Dried stem of fool’s parsley.
+Kick+, _v._ To object. Ex.—_Ah s’all kick neea lahtle if he cums that gam on ma._
+Kicky-wicky+, _adj._ Disdainful.
+Kin+, _n._ 1. Kind, generally of species. 2. Sort, relationship. 3. A chilblain, a chap or crack in the skin. Ex.—1. _What a-kin is he ti Tommy?_ 2. _What kin o’ yan is ’t he’s gitten?_
+Kin+, _v._ To chap, as one’s hands in frosty weather.
+Kin-cough+, _n._ Whooping cough.
+Kind+, _adj._ On friendly terms. Ex.—_Tha’ve gitten kind agaan. Wa’ve been kind sen wa wur lads._
+Kindling+, +Kinlin’+, _n._ Firewood, small twigs suitable for lighting a fire.
+Kink+, _n._ A twist in a rope or line, stiffness of the limbs, a stiff neck.
+Kink+, _v._ To laugh wildly, hysterically; to laugh until one labours for breath.
+Kinlin’+. _Vide_ +Kindling+.
+Kinn’l+, +Kinnle+, _v._ To set and light the fire; to bring forth young, applied to a rabbit.
+Kipper+, _adj._ Nimble, in good and lively spirits.
+Kirk+, _n._ A church.
+Kirk-garth+, _n._ Churchyard.
+Kirk-warner+, _n._ Churchwarden.
+Kissing-bush+, _n._ The mistletoe.
+Kist+, _n._ A chest.
+Kit+, _n._ A small pail with one of the staves longer than the rest, to serve as a handle.
+Kite+, _n._ The belly.
+Kith+, +Kyth+, _n._ Friends, acquaintances.
+Kitlin’+, _n._ A kitten.
+Kittle+, +Kittlish+, _adj._ 1. Easily moved or upset. 2. Nice, delicate. 3. Ticklish, easily tickled. Ex.—1. _Keep off; its nobbut a varra kittle consarn, varra larl’ll touple all t’ lot ower_, i.e. ‘Stand clear; it is only a very unsteady concern, a slight shock or touch will knock it over.’ 2. _Ah’d a seet reyther thoo’d tell him thisel; it’s a kittlish thing foor me ti deea when Ah’s gahin’ ti wed his sister._ 3. _Deean’t touch ma unner t’ airms, Ah’s that kittlish whahl Ah caan’t bahd it._
+Kittle+, _v._ 1. To bring forth young, said of a cat. 2. To excite, to stir up, to awaken. 3. To tickle. Ex.—2. _Ah’ll tell him a few things ’at’ll kittle him up a bit. If that weean’t kittle him up a bit, Ah knaw o’ nowt ’at will._ 3. _T’ mair Ah scrat an’ t’ mair Ah kittle._
+Kitty-keis+, _n._ Seeds of the ash-tree.
+Kity+, _adj._ Having a protuberant stomach.
+Kizzen’d+, _pp._ of +Kizzen+, _v._ Dried up, over-cooked, parched. Ex.—_Thoo’s kizzen’d it whahl Ah caan’t eat it._
+Knab+, _v._ To gnaw as a mouse.
+Knack+, _n._ Adroitness, skill, aptness. Ex.—_Ah tried an’ oor Jack tried, bud wa c’u’d mak nowt on ’t; bud Tom teeak ho’d an’ did it iv a crack, bud then he’s gitten t’ knack on ’t._
+Knack+, _v._ To talk affectedly, to mince one’s speech.
+Knackish+, _adj._ Knavish.
+Knap+, _v._ To give a slight tap, to knock, so as to break. Ex.—_Ah’ll knap thi knuckles foor tha. Ah’ve knapped a piece off t’ jug spoot._
+Knappish+, _adj._ Snappy.
+Knapper+, _v._ To talk finely. _Vide_ +Knack+.
+Knapper+, _n._ A door-knocker.
+Knappers+, _n._ Leather flaps to shield the thighs when using the turf spade.
+Knappery-ware+, _n._ Crockery.
+Knar+, +Knor+, +Knur+, _n._ A ball of wood, a hard knot.
+Knarl+, _v._ To run in knots, as a skein of wool or twine.
+Knaw+, _v._ Know.
+Knee-bass+, _n._ A straw cushion to kneel on when washing steps, a church hassock.
+Knep+ or +Nipe+, _v._ To bite off in small pieces.
+Knodden+, _pp._ Knead.
+Knoll+, +Knowl+, _n._ A stroke of a bell. Ex.—_Whisht! it gav six knowlls; it’ll be foor a woman, mebby Betsy Parkin._
+Knoll+, _v._ To toll, generally applied to the passing bell.
+Knop+, _n._ A knob.
+Knucks+, +Knacks+, +Knuckles+, _n._ A game very commonly played in the North Riding, several holes being made in the ground some inches apart, the object being to shoot a marble from one to the other.
L.
+Laan+, _n._ A loan.
+Labber+, _v._ 1. To play with water or soft mud. 2. To struggle after falling into water. 3. To plod through wet grass or turnips. Ex.—_T’ barn labbers aboot i’ yon slap hoal whahl sha’s drinch’d thruff an’ clarted an’ labbered fra heead ti foot wi t’ blathery slathery muckment._
+Labbered+, _pp._ To be splashed or daubed with soft mud.
+Laboursome+, _adj._ Laborious, tiring.
+Lace+, +Leeace+, _v._ 1. To thrash soundly. 2. To add spirits to tea or coffee. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll lace tha soondly when Ah catch tha._
+Lacer+ or +Leeacer+, _n._ Any person or thing larger or taller than usual.
+Lad-louper+, _n._ An impudent forward lass, one who makes the first advances.
+Lady-cow+, _Vide_ +Dundy-cow+.
+Lae+, +Leea+, _n._ A scythe.
+Lae-sand+, _n._ A sandstone used for sharpening scythes.
+Lafter+, _n._ The whole of the eggs laid before sitting, the eggs being sat upon.
+Lag+, _n._ A single wooden division in a cask.
+Lag+, _v._ To loiter, to hang behind.
+Lagged+, _pp._ Tired out, wearied.
+Laggy+, _adj._ Last. A boy shouts ‘Laggy,’ or ‘Bags Ah laggy,’ when he desires to take the last turn in any game. ‘Bags Ah fuggy’ is, I claim first, ‘seggy’ second, ‘thoddy’ third.
+Lahk+, _Vide_ +Like+.
+Lahtle+, +Larl+, _adj._ Little. Ex.—_Thoo’s nobbut a larl un, bud if thoo nobbut wurks hard an’ eats plenty o’ pudden thoo’ll stritch oot a gay bit._
+Laid-off+, _adj._ Incapable of work through illness or other causes.
+Laid out+, _v._ Prepared like, got up, looked like. Ex.—_Ah caan’t saay what it war, bud it laid out leyke rice an’ soapsuds; sum on ’em gulched it doon leyke all that._
+Laid out+, _v._ 1. To arrange. 2. To attend to the body immediately after death. 3. To spend money. Ex.—1. _Sha laid t’ table oot varra neycely._ 2. _Hannah an’ Jane’s laid him oot, poor things an’ tha’re gahin’ ti sahd him by o’ Tho’sday._ 3. _Ah’ve spent all mah brass, bud Ah’ve laid it oot weel._
+Lairock+, _n._ The lark (_Aluda arvensis_).
+Lait+, +Late+, +Leeat+, _v._ To seek. Ex.—_Ah awlus ’ev ti late that lass ivvery tahm Ah want her. Ah’ve lated high an’ low foor ’t, bud Ah caan’t finnd it neeawheear._
+Lake+, +Laak+, +Leyak+, _v._ To play, in a modified sense often used as tease, e.g. _Tho’ll lake on wi’ t’ dog whahl it’ll bite tha._
+Lakings+, _n._ Playthings.
+Lalder+, _Vide_ +Lalling+.
+Lalderish+, _adj._ Lazy, listless.
+Lall+, _v._ To sing and shout excitedly.
+Lalling+, +Lolling+, _v._ To wander idly and aimlessly about, to lazily lean up against a wall for support. Ex.—_He gans lolling aboot an’ maks ’at he’s badly; a good day’s work ’ud deea him t’ maist good ov owt._
+Lallops+, +Lollops+, _n._ A lazy lounging fellow.
+Lallopy+, +Lollopy+, _adj._ Idle, untidy, slovenly.
+Lam+, _v._ To beat.
+Lame+, +Laam+, _v._ 1. To hurt. 2. To injure. Ex.—1. _Let go, thoo’s laming my airm._ 2. _Whya, onny road he’s lam’d t’ lad foor leyfe._
+Lammace+, _v._ To beat with heavy blows.
+Lammacing+, _n._ A beating, a good thrashing.
+Lamming+, _n._ A beating.
+Land+, _n._ Space between two furrows.
+Land+, _v._ To arrive, to give a blow. Ex.—_Ah set off efter tea an’ landed a bit efter darkening. Ah’ll land tha yan ower t’ gob if thoo dizn’t shut up._
+Landlouper+, _n._ One who runs away to escape paying his debts, &c.
+Lang+, _adj._ Long.
+Lang first+, _adv._ Long before.
+Lang last+, _adv._ At last.
+Lang length+, _adv._ Full length. Ex.—_Ah slipped, an’ Ah war laid ma lang len’th on t’ grund i’ a crack. Ah’ll gi’e tha t’ lang length o’ my hand._
+Lang sen+, +Lang sin+, _adv._ Long since.
+Lang settle+, _n._ A long wooden seat with a high back and an arm at each end.
+Langsome+, _adj._ Long, tedious, troublesome.
+Lang tongued+, _adj._ An exaggerator.
+Lang waay+, _adv._ Much, certainly. Ex.—_It’s a lang waay t’ best deeaing it this waay. Aye, byv a lang waay_, i.e. ‘yes, certainly.’
+Lang-waays+, _adv._ Lengthways.
+Lantern-leet+, +Lant’n-leet+, _n._ Lantern-light, often used to denote late in the evening. Ex.—_Ah doot Ah s‘an’t be wi’ y a whahl efter lantern-leet._
+Lap+, _v._ 1. To wrap. 2. To have done with, usually followed by ‘up.’ Ex.—1. _Ah’ll lap a bit o’ clowt roond it, an’ it’ll be all reet._ 2. _Ah’ve nowt else ti saay; Ah s’all lap t’ job up noo, an’ seea ther’s an end on ’t._
+Lap-band+, _n._ Hoop-iron.
+Lap-cock+, _n._ A small bundle of hay twisted in the arms and laid to dry.
+Lapling+, _n._ A vicious fellow.
+Lap up+, _v._ and _n._ To wrap up, to finish; an end.
+Lapwing+, _n._ The plover.
+Lark-heeled+, _adj._ Having heels turning outward.
+Larn+, _v._ To teach. Ex.—_Will ta larn me hoo ti deea ’t? Ah’s larning mysel ti plaay t’ fiddle._
+Lash oot+, _v._ To kick, as a horse.
+Lashin’ oot+, _v._ Extravagance, showing off. Ex.—_Deean’t ya think t’ young doctor’s lashin’ oot mair ’an what he can stand teea?_ i.e. ‘Don’t you think the young doctor is showing off (buying horses, &c.) more than he will be able to pay for?’
+Lashing+, _adj._ Large, either of persons or things. Ex.—_By goa! bud he’s a lashing young chap; he mun stan mair ’an six foot._
+Lasty+, _adj._ Durable.
+Late+, _v._ To seek.
+Lated+, _pp._ Sought.
+Lated+, _adv._ Belated.
+Later+, _n._ A seeker. Ex.—_Ah fan him, bud Ah’s a good later._
+Latt+, _n._ A lath.
+Latty+, _adj._ Thin.
+Lawk+, _intj._ Lo!
+Lax+, _n._ Diarrhoea.
+Lay+, _v._ To be certain, of that opinion, to bet or wager; also to levy a rate. Ex.—_Thoo aims ’at he weean’t, bud Ah lay ’at he will. Ah’ll lay tha what thoo leykes._
+Lay on+, _v._ To use extra exertion. Cattle ‘lay on fat’ when specially fed.
+Laylac+, _n._ The lilac.
+Laze+, _v._ To live idly.
+Lead+, _n._ Direction, way.
+Lead+, _v._ To carry goods or hay in a cart or wagon.
+Lead-eater+, _n._ India-rubber.
+Leaf+, _n._ Fat round the kidney of an animal.
+Leafs+, _n._ Fat along a pig’s nose.
+Leam+, _v._ To drop or fall out when ripe, as nuts from the husks.
+Leamers+, _n._ Nuts quite ripe, which fall from the husks.
+Leasing+, _n._ The separating of differing kinds of grain.
+Leather-head+, _n._ A dull, stupid fellow.
+Leathered+, _pp._ 1. Beaten, overcome, mastered. 2. Puzzled. Ex.—1. _Ah’s leathered wi’ this job hooivver_, i.e. overcome. _He’s leathered him soondly_, i.e. thrashed. 2. _Ah’s leathered ti knaw wheea’s ti blaam_, i.e. puzzled.
+Leave loose+, To let go, to cease from detaining.
+Leavlang+, _adj._ Oblong.
+Leck+, _v._ To escape by drops, to leak.
+Lee+, _n._ The watery discharge from a wound, a lie.
+Leeak for+, _v._ To expect. Ex.—_Ah s’all leeak foor ya a week cum Mondaay. Ah’s glad ya’ve fetched it, Ah’ve been leeaking for it cumin’ ivvery daay._
+Leeak ya+, _intj._ Look you!
+Leear+, _n._ Learning.
+Leef+, +Leave+, +Lief+, _adj._ Willingly, just as soon as.
+Leet+, _n._ A light.
+Leet+, _v._ To alight, to settle upon.
+Leet, I’ that+ = In that way, like that. Ex.—_Ah ’grees wi’ tha, when thoo puts it i’ that leet. Thoo s’u’dn’t tak ’t i’ that leet._
+Leet on+, _adj._ Unbalanced. Ex.—_Sit a bit forrad, wa’re a larl bit leet on._
+Leets+, +Leeghts+, _n._ Lungs, lights.
+Leetsome+, _adj._ Lightsome, cheerful.
+Legs, A pair of+, _n._ Stockings. Ex.—_Sha’s gitten a gran’ pair o’ legs foor t’ wedding._
+Leg up, A+, _n._ Assistance. Ex.—_Ah’ll cum an’ gi’e tha a leg up mysel._
+Leister+, +Lyster+, _n._ A three-pronged fork for striking salmon.
+Lemmel-steean+, _n._ A stone with a hole through it, formerly used to ward off witches.
+Len+, _v._ To lend.
+Length+, +Len’th+, _n._ Stature. The ‘g’ is always silent in _length_, _strength_, _kingdom_, and usually the final ‘g’ also.
+Length of, The+, The distance or limit of anything. Ex.—_Ah efter it t’ len’th o’ t’ paddock._
+Lenny+, _n._ The linnet.
+Let+, _v._ 1. To light. 2. To alight on. Ex.—1. _Ah let t’ cann’l._ 2. _Ah tumm’ld off t’ stack, bud Ah let o’ mah feet._
+Let drive+, _v._ To strike or kick with force.
+Let on+, _v._ To admit. Ex.—_Ah didn’t let on ’at Ah knew owt._
+Let on+, +Lite on+, +Leet on+, _v._ To meet, usually followed by ‘with.’ Ex.—_Where did ta lite on wiv him?_
+Let wit+, _v._ To disclose. Ex.—_Ah let wit ’at Ah knew summat._
+Letten+, _pp._ of ‘to light’ and ‘to let.’
+Leve+, _v._ To raise by leverage.
+Leyke+, _Vide_ +Like+.
+Lib+, _v._ To castrate lambs.
+Liberty+, _n._ The parish or township.
+Lick+, _adj._ Swift, at a great speed. Ex.—_He did gan wiv a lick roond t’ corner._
+Lick+, _v._ To thrash, to surpass. _Vide_ +Leathered+.
+Lick+, _n._ Just a slight wipe with a damp cloth; hence the saying, when anything is only half cleansed, _Ah’ve deean ’t wiv a lick an’ a promise_.
+Lie on+, _Vide_ +Lay on+.
+Lift+, _v._ To help, to render assistance. Ex.—_Ah aim’d ti gi’e him a bit ov a lift mysel._
+Lig+, _v._ To lay down, to put down. Ex.—_Thoo mun lig it doon a bit. Ah’ll lig it doon on t’ swab._
+Lig+, _v. i._ To lie down, to be near to or situate. Ex.—_Sha ligs doon ivvery daay efter dinner. It ligs aback o’ Roseberry._
+Lig-a-bed+, _n._ A sluggard.
+Lig een on+, _v._ To meet or see a person. Ex.—_Ah think he mun be deead, Ah ’evn’t lig’d een on him this lang whahl._
+Lig ho’d+, _v._ To take hold of.
+Lig on+, _Vide_ +Lay on+.
+Lig up, To+, _v._ To store, put by.
+Lightsome+, _Vide_ +Leetsome+.
+Light+, +Leet+, _adj._ Of little depth, applied to a furrow; weak, slight; mealy, not sodden, as applied to potatoes and bread; lacking soil.
+Lightening+, +Leetening+, _n._ Yeast (brewer’s), the break of day.
+Light+ or +Leet skets+, _n._ A female of doubtful morals.
+Like+, +Leyke+, _adj._ 1. Likely, highly probable. 2. In duty bound. Ex.—_Leyke eneeaf Ah s’ be theear._ 2. _Ah s’ be leyke ti show up at kess’nen._
+Like all that+, _adj._ An intensive, giving greater force to some previous statement. Ex.—_Sha war iv a tantrum, an’ flang hersel aboot leyke all that_, i.e. in a passion. _He went at it leyke all that_, i.e. with resolution. _Sha gen’d an’ giggled like all that_, i.e. in a ridiculous manner. _Sha tell’d him what sha thowt leyke all that_, i.e. spoke her mind plainly.
+Lile+, +Larl+, +Lahl+, _adj._ Little.
+Lillilow+, _n._ A blaze, a flame.
+Lilting+, +Lilty+, _adj._ Jumpy, frolicsome.
+Limb+, _n._ A mischievous child.
+Limber+, _adj._ Pliant, easily bending to light pressure.
+Limmers+, _n._ Shafts.
+Lin+, +Lahn+, _n._ Flax (_Linum usitalissimum_).
+Lin clout+, _n._ A linen rag.
+Linch+, _v._ To flog.
+Lineseed+, Linseed.
+Ling+, _n._ Heather.
+Lingberry+, _n._ The seed capsule of the heather.
+Ling-nail+, _n._ The linch-pin of a cart-wheel.
+Lingy+, _adj._ Active, athletic.
+Lip+, _n._ Impudence, saucy talk.
+Lish+, _adj._ Active.
+Lisk+, _n._ The groin.
+Lithe+, _v._ To thicken with flour and water.
+Lithing+, _n._ Flour and water, used to thicken broth, gravy, &c.
+’Liver+, _v._ To deliver, to give back, usually followed by ‘up.’ Ex.—_If thoo dizn’t ’livver ’t up, thoo’ll catch it._
+’Liverance+, _n._ Liberation, freedom.
+’ll+ = Will.
+Lobster-louse+, _n._ The wood-louse.
+Loggerheeads, To be at+ = To be at variance.
+Loggin+, _n._ A batten of threshed straw.
+Lollop+, _v._ To lean up against, to move about lazily.
+Lone+, +Loan+, _n._ A lane.
+Long-+ or +Lang-strucken+, _part._ Legs too long for the body.
+Loning+, +Loaning+, +Lonnin’+, +Lo’nin’+, _n._ A narrow lane.
+Loobily+, _adj._ Foolishly.
+Look a bad look+ } +Leeak a bad leeak+ } +To+, _v._ To look ill.
+Looking+ or +Leeaking for+, _v._ To expect, to desire.
+Looks ta+ or +Leeaks ta+. Look thou or you.
+Loose end+, _n._ Going to the bad. Ex.—_He’s nobbut at a loose end, sen he gat hissel henkled on wi’ yon lot._
+Loose i’ t’ heft+, _n._ Lit. loose in the handle, and hence of little use. A worthless fellow.
+Lopp+, _n._ A flea (_Pulex irritans_).
+Loppered+, _adj._ Curdled (of milk).
+Lops an’ tops+, _n._ The small branches and tops of trees.
+Lorn+, _part._ Left, lost, forlorn.
+Lost+, _adj._ Beyond all bounds, almost helpless. Ex.—_Her hoos war fairly lost i’ muck. He war lost i’ wonder_, i. e. absolutely amazed. _Ah war lost i’ ‘mazement an’ c’u’d deea nowt._
+Lound+, _adj._ Calm, free from wind, sheltered.
+Lounder+, _v._ To thrash soundly.
+Loundering+, _n._ A thrashing.
+Loundering+, _adj._ Heavy, severe (of a blow).
+Loup+, _v._ To leap, jump, bound up. Ex.—_If thoo caan’t loup ’t, thoo mun clim ’t, tumm’l ower ’t, or ram thisen thruff ’t._
+Low+, +Glow+, _n._ The flame from a fire or candle, &c.
+‘Lowance+, _n._ The forenoon drinking.
+Lowse+[112], _v._ To loose, to unfasten. 2. To dismiss. Ex.—2. _Hez t’ chetch lowsed yet?_ i.e. ‘Has the congregation left?’
+Lowse oot+, +Lowsen oot+, _v._ To unyoke, to unpack.
+Lowsing tahm+, _n._ The time for unyoking after a day’s work.
+Lubbart+, _n._ A clown.
+Lucky bird+ or +bo’d+, _n._ The first male to cross the threshold on New Year’s morn.
+Lucky-steean+, _n._ A rounded, water-worn piece of quartz, or a stone with a natural hole through it. _Vide_ +Lemmel-steean+.
+Lug+, _n._ The ear proper, or the handle of a pitcher or jug, &c.
+Lug+, _v._ To pull. Ex.—_Sha diz lug mah hair, when she combs it, diz mah aunt Jane._
+Lug ends+, _n._ Tips of the ears.
+Luke+, _v._ To pull weeds from cornfields.
+Lumberly+, _adj._ Awkwardly.
+Lurdy+, _n._ A stupid fellow.
M.
+Mabble+, _v._ To leave the chisel-marks on stone, to rough-dress.
+Mad+, _adj._ 1. Very angry. 2. Wild. Ex.—1. _Aa bud, Ah war mad wiv her._ 2. _He seems fair mad efter t’ lass._
+Maddle+, _v._ 1. To bewilder, confuse. 2. To grow bewildered. 3. To conduct oneself foolishly in love affairs. Ex.—1. _Tha maddled ma sairly wi’ ther racket an’ din._ 2. _It war that pick dark ’at Ah didn’t ken wheear Ah war, bud Ah maddled alang, fust yah waay an’ then t’ ither, whahl at last end Ah fan mysen i’ Au’d Willie’s pig-stee._ 3. _If thoo dizn’t tak care, thoo’ll gan maddlin’ efter t’ lass, whahl thoo’ll loss thi job._
+Made oot+, _Vide_ +Mak oot+.
+Madge+, +Madgipeg+, _n._ The fool of the sword-dancers.
+Maffle+, _v._ To strive in a way quite inadequate to the success of the undertaking. Ex.—1. _Noo let’s hear what thoo ’ez ti saay foor thisel, an’ deean’t maffle on i’ that road._ 2. _If he maffles on wi’ t’ job i’ yon waay he’ll nivver mannish ’t._
+Mafted+, +Mefted+, _adj._ 1. Stifled. 2. Out of breath by long exertion, through fighting against a storm, generally of snow. Ex.—_Oppen t’ winner, Ah caan’t bahd; Ah’s ommaist mafted i’ t’ pleeace._
+Mahnd+, +Mind+, _v._ 1. To remember. 2. To pay heed to. Ex.—1. _Ah mahnd t’ tahm_, i. e. ‘I remember the circumstances.’ 2. _Ah’ve mahnded what thoo sed_, i. e. ‘I paid heed to what you said.’ _Noo thoo mun mahnd all ’at Ah’ve tell’d tha, an’ think on ’at thoo ’ezn’t ti foorgit ti mahnd an’ paay t’ bill._
+Main+, _adj._ and _adv._ 1. Largest or greatest. 2. Quite. Ex.—1. _T’ main on ’em sez ’at it is seea_, i.e. ‘The greatest number of them say that it is so.’ 2. _Ah’s ommaist main sartin he’s in t’ reet on ’t, or Ah’s main sartin_, i.e. ‘I am quite certain.’
+Mainswear+, _v._ To take a false oath.
+Mair+, _adj._ More.
+Maist+, _adj._ Most.
+Maist-hand+, _Vide_ +Near-hand+.
+Maistly+, +Maistlings+, +Moastlings+, _adv._ Mostly.
+Mak+, _n._ 1. Make, design, shape. Ex.—_Ah’ve seen a vast o’ maks i’ ma tahm, bud nivver a mak leyke this. Wheeas mak’s that?_ i.e. ‘Whose make is that?’ _It ’ez a queer mak aboot it._
+Makmeeat+, _v._ To make or prepare food for the household.
+Mak on+, _v._ To induce by kindness. Ex.—_T’ dog’ll follow if thoo maks on it a bit._
+Mak oot+, _v._ 1. To make, serve. 2. To succeed in an undertaking. 3. To discover, find out. Ex.—1. _He’ll ’a’e ti mak oot wi’ t’ bit ’at’s left noo._ 3. _Ah caan’t mak oot what yon chap’s efter._
+Mak sharp+, +Be sharp+, +Leeak sharp+ = Make haste, be quick.
+Mak spare+ = Economical, careful. Ex.—_Noo reeach teea an’ help yersels; ther’s nowt ya need be neyce aboot, an’ ya needn’t mak spare ov owt._
+Maks an’ manders+, _n._ All sorts. Ex.—_Ah’ve all maks an’ manders on ’em._
+Man+, _n._ The husband of the person speaking, or of some woman spoken of; with the addition of ‘young,’ it would mean the one who is courting some fair maid, e. g. _Mah man’s gahin’, an’ thi man’s gahin’, an’ Sally’s young man mun go wiv ’em._
+Manders+, _n._ All kinds, different sorts mixed.
+Mang+, _n._ A bran mash.
+Mang+, _v._ To mix various ingredients of any kind of food.
+Manifold+, +Monifaud+, _n._ The intestines. _adj._ Various.
+Mannish+, _v._ To manage, to conduct farming in a prosperous manner, to manure land.
+Mannishment+, _n._ Manure.
+Mannur+, _v._ and _n._ Manure.
+Mar+, _v._ To injure, spoil.
+Mark’s E’en+, St. Mark’s Eve.
+Marrish+, _n._ Low-lying ground liable to be flooded.
+Marrow+, +Marrer+, _n._ One of a pair, similar.
+Marrow+, _n._ To match, to produce a similar thing.
+Marry, Aye+, _intj._ Yes; as ‘Will ta gan?’ answer, ‘Aye marry!’ Ex.—_Aye marry! bud sha’s a beauty. Aye marry, tha’re wed noo hard eneeaf._
+Mash+, _v._ To draw the strength out of anything by infusion, as tea; to reduce to pulp.
+Mash up+, _v._ To break in small pieces.
+Mask+, _v._ To infuse. _Vide_ +Mash+.
+Mask+, _n._ The face, the hunter’s term for a fox’s head. _Vide_ +Keld+.
+Master+, +Meeăster+, +Maăster+, +Maastther+, _n._ Master; the head of the house, shop, works, or school.
+Masterman+, _n._ One who employs.
+Matched+, _pp._ Almost beyond one’s ability to do; to be put to a severe test. Ex.—_Ah s’all be hard matched ti git t’ job deean byv t’ tahm ’at he wants it. He’s mair ’an matched wi’ yon. Ah’ve gitten myself sairly matched this tahm._
+Matter+, _v._ To esteem. 2. To influence. 3. Information. Ex.—1. _Ah nivver did matter him mich._ 2. _Owt ’at he sez weean’t matter mich ti onnybody._ 3. _Onny matter ’at he knaws weean’t mak onnybody neea wiser._
+Matters+, _n._ Quantity, account. Ex.—_It maks neea gert matters owt ’at he sez. Nut onny gert matters foor me, Ah ’ed summat afoor Ah cum’d._
+Maudle+, _v._ To besot. Ex.—_He war maudling drunk._
+Maukey+, _adj._ Whimsical.
+Mauls+, _n._ The marsh-mallow.
+Maum+, +Maumy+, _adj._ Ripe, mellow.
+Maunder+, _v._ To wander, talk foolishly.
+Maundering+, _adj._ Grumbling, muttering.
+Maunsil+, _n._ A fat, slovenly female.
+Maun’t+, +Mooun’t+, +Mun’t+, +Munnot+. Must not.
+Mawk+, _n._ A maggot.
+Mawky+, Maggoty.
+Mayern+, _n._ A wicken gatherer.
+Mayhap+, _adv._ Perhaps. +Mebbe+ is most commonly used.
+Maze+, _v._ To bewilder.
+Meadow-drake+, _n._ Corn-crake.
+Meal+, _n._ Flour of various kind not fully dressed.
+Mealy-mouthed+, _adj._ Plausible.
+Mean+, +Meean+, _adj._ Bad as to character. Ex.—_He’s aboot ez meean ez tha mak ’em. Sha’s meean eneeaf ti deea onny dirty trick. Sha’s meean eneeaf ti hunger t’ baa’n ti deeath._ NOTE.—‘Mean’ is almost always used to denote some form of badness, rarely stinginess or mediocrity.
+Meat+, _n._ The daily food of a workman in addition to his wages.
+Meat+, _v._ To provide a lodger with food as well as lodgings.
+Meer+, _n._ A mare.
+Meg+, _n._ A penny.
+Mell+, _n._ A wooden mallet.
+Mell+, _v._ To meddle, usually followed by ‘on.’ Ex.—_If thoo mells on oor larl Jimmy onny mair, Ah’ll leather tha mysel. Thoo’s allus melling o’ t’ baa’n. Will ta nivver gi’e ower?_
+Mell-sheaf+, _n._ The last sheaf gathered.
+Mell-supper+, _n._ Harvest supper. See chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Melt+, +Milt+. The spawn of the milter (male fish).
+Mend+, _v._ To improve, to grow better. Ex.—_Ah’s mending neycely noo, Ah’s seean be all reet agaan. He’ll ’a’e ti mend his waays, or he’ll end up nowt._
+Mends+, _n._ Improvement.
+Mennem+, +Mennad+, _n._ The minnow.
+Mense+, _n._ Decency, good appearance, civility, tact. Ex.—_If he’d ’ed onny mense aboot him, he wadn’t ’a’e sed a thing leyke that._
+Mense+, _v._ 1. To add beauty or order. 2. To smooth away a misunderstanding. Ex.—1. _Sha seean mensed things up a bit when sha cam._ 2. _Nobbut saay thoo’s sorry an’ it’ll mense t’ matter up at yance._
+Menseful+, _adj._ Becoming and decent behaviour.
+Mensefully+, _adv._ Becomingly, decently, civilly.
+Menseless+, _adj._ Untidy, useless, &c.
+Merls+, _n._ The game of morris.
+Met+, _n._ Two bushels, a five-stone weight.
+Met-poke+, _n._ A narrow sack, but sufficiently large to hold two bushels.
+Meuse+, _v._ To study, to contemplate. Ex.—_Ah think t’ lass is lovesick, sha gans meusing aboot seea._
+Mew+, _pret._ To mow. _n._ A stack.
+Mew-bo’nt+, _adj._ Heated or burnt in the stack.
+Mew up+, _v._ To be overcrowded in a heated room. 2. To huddle together. Ex.—1. _Ther war ower monny fau’k i’ t’ room; Ah war that mew’d up Ah c’u’d hardlings breeathe. Sha’s gitten all her things mew’d up tigether, whahl sha’ll ’a’e straange deed ti git ’em all ti reets again._
+Mich+, _adj._ Much.
+Middin+, _n._ A manure-heap.
+Middinstead+, _n._ The ground or place of the midden.
+Midge+, _n._ A tiny fly.
+Mig+, _n._ The drainings from a manure-heap.
+Milk-can+, _n._ A milk-pail.
+Milk-hoos+, +Milk’us+, _n._ The milk dairy.
+Milk-lead+, _n._ A shallow leaden cistern, with a hole stopped by a wooden plug; after the milk has stood overnight, the plug is withdrawn, and the milk drained from the cream.
+Mill’d in+, _adj._ Shrunk, aged, withered.
+Mill-e’e+, _n._ The eye or hole through which the ground grain falls into the sack or bin.
+Mill-gear+, _n._ The machinery of a mill.
+Mill-race+, +Mill-reeace+, _n._ The cut or channel which leads to the waterwheel, the water running towards the waterwheel.
+Mindful+, +Mahndful+, _adj._ Careful. Ex.—_Thoo mun be mahndful hoo thoo hugs t’ basket. Be mahndful what thoo sez, noo._
+Mint+, _v._ To intend, purpose; to aim a blow; to pretend.
+Mirak’lous+, _adj._ Careless, venturesome, precocious. Ex.—_He’s a bit mirak’lous wiv a gun. He carried on iv a straange mirak’lous waay at t’ fire. He war awlus a mirak’lous kind ov a lad._
+Miscall+, _v._ To give a wrong name to any person or thing, to use abusive epithets.
+Misfit+, _n._ Out of place, one who cannot be trusted.
+Mista’en+, _adj._ Mistaken.
+Mistetched+, _part._ Badly trained or broken in (of a horse).
+Mistimed+, _adj._ Put out of the regular course, especially of sleep.
+Mits+, +Mittens+, _n._ Woollen gloves, covering the wrist and knitted with divisions for the fingers.
+Moider+, _v._ To bewilder.
+Moil+, _v._ To toil on when tired.
+Moit+, _n._ The smaller part, a small portion. Ex.—_Tha sed ’at tha shared it oot amang t’ lot on uz, onny waay Ah nobbut gat a moit._
+Mole-rat+, _Vide_ +Mowdywarp+.
+Moo-moo+, _n._ A pet name for a cow.
+Moor-titling+, +Moor-taalin+, _n._ The meadow pipit.
+Mooun’t+, _Vide_ +Maun’t+.
+Moozy-feeaced+, +Mouzy-feeaced+, _adj._ Applied to the first growth of hair on the lip or chin.
+Moozy meean+, _n._ A hazy moon.
+Mostlings+, +Meeastlings+, _adv._ Generally, usually.
+Mouck+, _v._ To creep along, to hide.
+Moud+, +Mud+, _v._ Might.
+Mowdy-hill+, _n._ A mole-hill.
+Mowdy-rake+, _n._ A rake used to level mole-hills.
+Mowdywarp+, _n._ The mole.
+Mounge+, _v._ To chew with the gums when the teeth have gone.
+Muck+, _n._ Dirt, excrement, manure.
+Muck+, _v._ To spread manure.
+Muck-clout+, _n._ A floor-cloth, &c.
+Muck-gripe+, _n._ A dung-fork.
+Muck lather+, _n._ In a state of excessive perspiration.
+Muckments+, _n._ Filthy matter.
+Muck-middin+, _n._ The manure- or ash-midden.
+Muck out+, _v._ To clean out a stable or midden.
+Muck sweat+, _Vide_ +Muck lather+.
+Mucky+, _adj._ Dirty, filthy, unwashed.
+Mud+, _v._ Might.
+Mug+, _n._ Face.
+Muggy+, _adj._ Damp, foggy, thick and close.
+Mull+, +Murl+, _n._ Dry fine mould.
+Mumm’l+, _v._ To mumble.
+Mump+, _n._ A blow on the face with the fist. _v._ To chew without teeth.
+Mun+, _n._ Man. Ex.—_Ah’ll tell tha what, mun._
+Mun+, _v._ Must.
+Murl+, _v._ and _n._ To crumble into small pieces.
+Mush+, _n._ Dust, rotten through decay. NOTE.—Though generally applied to anything dry, it is sometimes used to denote damp and rotten. Ex.—_It’s grund ti mush. Them to’nips is neea good, tha’re all iv a mush._
+Mushy+, _adj._ Dry, powdery, in a state of pulp.
+Musweb+, _n._ A cobweb, the white cobwebs which float about in the air.
+Muther+, +Mudder+, _n._ Mother.
+My-song!+ _intj._ Originally +La Sangue+!
N.
+Na+, _conj._ Nor, than.
+Naay+, _adv._ Nay.
+Nab+, _v._ To pick up sharply, to steal. Ex.—_Thoo mun watch him or he’ll nab summat._
+Nab+, _n._ A hill or rocky point, a headland.
+Naekins+, _Vide_ +Otherkins+.
+Naether+, +Nowther+, +Nowder+, _conj._ Neither.
+Naff+, _n._ The nave of a wheel.
+Naff-heead+, _n._ A stupid fellow.
+Naffle+, _v._ To pretend, to potter about.
+Naggy+, _Vide_ +Gnaggy+.
+Nak’t+, _adj._ +Naked+.
+Namby-pamby+, _adj._ Affected, conceited.
+Nanpie+, _n._ The magpie.
+Nantle+, _Vide_ +Naffle+.
+Nap+, _Vide_ +Nab+.
+Nap+, _v._ To strike with a hammer lightly.
+Nar+, _adj._ Near.
+Narked+, _v._ Vexed beyond measure.
+Nar-side+, _n._ The left-hand side of a horse when leading or walking along with a team.
+Nasty+, _adj._ Ill-natured. Ex.—_He war varra nasty aboot t’ job._
+Natter+, _v._ To be fretful, peevish.
+Nattery+, _adj._ Fretful, peevish.
+Nattering+, _n._ Continued complaining. _Vide_ +Gnatter+.
+Nattle+, _v._ To make a light rattling sound.
+Natt’rable+, _adj._ What might be expected; unassuming, kindly.
+Nature+, +Nater+, _n._ The innate good quality of things. Ex.—_Ther ’ez been that mich wet, whahl t’ gess ’ll a’e lost all t’ nater oot on ’t_, i.e. ‘There has been that much wet, that the grass (drying for hay) will have lost all the nature (goodness) out of it.’
+Naup+, _v._ To give a smart tap on the head.
+Naup+, _n._ A tap on the head, as with a ruler.
+Nauping+, _n._ A thrashing.
+Naw+, _Vide_ +Neea+.
+Nay-say+, _n._ The privilege of refusing. Ex.—_Tommy’s gitten t’ naay-saay on ’t. Aye, Ah’ve bowt it, bud then Ah’ve hed t’ naay-saay on ’t foor lang eneeaf._
+Nazzed+, +Nazzled+, _adj._ Somewhat intoxicated.
+Nazzy+, _adj._ Under the influence of drink.
+Neaf+, _Vide_ +Neeaf+.
+Near+, _adj._ Close-fisted, very careful, greedy. Ex.—_Did Sammy gi’e tha owt? Neea, he’s ti near ti even wish yan weel._
+Near+, _n._ A kidney.
+Near-hand+, _adv._ 1. Near by, close to. 2. Almost, nearly. Ex.—1. _Whya, sha lives near-hand Bessy._ 2. _Ah nivver wur seea near-hand gittin’ putten oot o’ t’ road i’ mah leyfe. If thoo gans near-hand yon chap, he’ll smit tha._
+Nearlings+, _adv._ Almost, all but.
+Neavil+, +Nevel+, _v._ To pummel with the fist.
+Nevilling+, _n._ A sound pummelling with the fist.
+Neb+, _n._ The bill of a bird, the nose, the peak of a cap.
+Neb+, _v._ To kiss, to peck at viciously. Ex.—_Did ta neb her afoor thoo let her gan?_
+Neea+, +Noa+, +Naw+, +Nooa+, _adv._ No.
+Neeaf+, +Neif+, _n._ The fist.
+Neeaf-full+, _n._ A handful.
+Neea matters+ = No great quantity, of little importance. Ex.—_Did he win owt at t’ races? Neea matters wo’th telling on. What sha sez is neea matters ti onnybody._
+Neeap+, _v._ To raise on end, as in lifting the shafts of a cart.
+Neease+, +Nooas+, _n._ The nose.
+Neease+, _v._ To sneeze.
+Needer+, _n._ The common adder.
+Needful+, _adj._ Necessitous, applies to persons and things. Ex.—_Whya, wa mun all deea a bit; sha’s varra needful, ther’s a lot o’ bairns. Aye, it’s wivoot doot a maist needful case._
+Needment+, _n._ Something necessary.
+Ne’er-di-weel+, _n._ A worthless fellow.
+Neest+, _adj._ Next.
+Neet+, _n._ Night.
+Ner+, _conj._ Nor.
+Nervy+, _adj._ Vigorous.
+Nesh+, _adj._ Tender, soft, weak.
+Ness+, _n._ A projecting headland.
+Neuk+, _n._ A corner, corner of a field, a hiding-place.
+Never give over, With a+ = without ceasing.
+New-fangled+, _part._ Pleased with novelties. Ex.—_Bairns diz git new-fangled wi’ owt ’at’s fresh._
+Nias+, _n._ A young hawk.
+Nibble+, _n._ Nipple of either the breast or a gun.
+Nibbs+, _n._ The handles on a scythe.
+Nice+, +Neyce+, _adj._ 1. Too particular. 2. Shy. 3. Considerable in size and quantity. 4. Sensitive. Ex.—1. _Ah deean’t leyke fooak ’at’s sae neyce aboot what tha eat._ 2. _Noo help yersels, an’ deean’t be neyce aboot it._ 3. _Ah mun saay ’at ther wur a neycish few._ 4. _Ah’s a bit neyce aboot what fooak saay o’ ma._
+Nicker+, _v._ To whinny as a foal.
+Niff-naff+, _n._ A trifle.
+Niff-naffing+, _adj._ Trifling.
+Nifle+, _n._ A trifle.
+Nifle+, _v._ To waste time. Useless occupation. Ex.—_Thoo nifles on, an’ nivver gits nowt deean. Thoo’s nifling agaan, allus at t’ saam bat._
+Niggle+, _v._ To deal out or give grudgingly, to be greedy in small matters.
+Nigh+, _adv._ Nearly, about.
+Nigh at hand+, _adv._ Close to, near by.
+Nilder-nalder+, _n._ Vacillation, hesitation.
+Nim+, _adj._ Quick, active.
+Nim+, _v._ To snatch up quickly, to steal, to be active, agile.
+Ninnycocks+, _n._ Young lobsters.
+Nip+, _v._ Run. Ex.—_Just nip ower ti Bob an’ ass foor t’ saw._
+Nip off+, _v._ To run away, to move quickly.
+Nip up+, _v._ To snatch up quickly, to go up quickly. Ex.—_He nipped it up afoor Ah c’u’d stop him. Nip upstairs an’ fetch mah hat doon._
+Nipper+, _n._ A young child.
+Nisly+, _adj._ Showery.
+Nit+, _n._ The egg of the louse.
+Nither+, +Nidder+, _v._ To shiver. Ex.—_Ah nithered an’ dithered an’ trimm’ld all ower that mich whahl Ah c’u’dn’t mak oot if sha’d been shuvved, tumm’ld, slithered, or louped inti t’ beck._
+Nittering+, _part._ Subdued giggling.
+Nivver+, _adj._ Never.
+Nizy+, _n._ A dunce.
+Nizzled+, _v._ To be under the influence of drink.
+Noa ship+, _n._ Clouds said to resemble the Ark. A common saying is, _T’ Ark’s oot, wa’re in foor a spell o’ bad weather._
+Nobbin+, _n._ The hair on the crown of the head. Ex.—_He teeak her biv t’ nobbin an’ pulled her backkards-waay ower._
+Nobbut+, _conj._ If, only. ‘Only’ is rarely used.
+Nobby+, _adj._ Handy, nice.
+Nock+, +Nicking+, _n._ A method of keeping count by cutting notches on a stick.
+Nodder+, _v._ To tremble.
+Noggen+, _adj._ Hard, rough.
+Noggin+, _n._ A quarter pint, a small jug.
+Nominy+, _n._ The name given to any doggerel rhyme.
+None+, +Noan+, +Neean+, _adv._ Not at all. Ex.—_He’ll neean ho’d back, he’ll deea ’t hard eneeaf._ ‘Neean’ in this case means more than ‘not’; the idea conveyed is, ‘He will not in any sense hold back.’ _He’s neean lost owt_, i.e. ‘He has lost nothing at all.’
+Nooatish+, _v._ To notice.
+Noo+, _adv._ Now, well. The use of this word is most curious. _Noo, Noo, Noo! Noo_, said one man on meeting a friend. ‘Noo’ the first meant either ‘good morning,’ ‘now then,’ or ‘well.’ ‘Noo’ the second was addressed to the dog, and meant ‘lie down.’ ‘Noo’ the third, with a different inflection, was understood by the dog to imply, ‘If you do not lie down at once, I shall hit you.’ And ‘Noo’ the fourth clearly denoted, the dog having laid down, ‘Now, then, we can talk.’ This inflective power throughout the whole vocabulary lessens or adds force to words. Unfortunately it is impossible to render in print these varying tones, which are the life and soul of the dialect. When used as an interjection, it is equivalent to ‘How do you do?’
+Nooa+, _Vide_ +Neea+.
+Noos an’ agaains+ } +Noos an’ thens+ } = By chance, now and again, occasionally.
+Noration+, _Vide_ +Oration+.
+Notified+, +Nooatified+, _adj._ Well-known. Ex.—_Aye, he war a nooatified chap yance ower._
+Not ti fail+, Without fail. Ex.—_Ah’ll tell him ti cum an’ not ti fail._
+Nowt+, _n._ 1. Nothing. 2. Valueless. 3. Worthless person. Ex.—1. _Yon thing’s warse ’an nowt._ 2. _It’s up ti nowt neea way._ 3. _He’s a nowt, an’ warse ’an nowt._
+Nowt bud weel+, Exceedingly good in every way. Ex.—_Ah can saay nowt bud weel on him._
+Nowther+, +Naether+, +Nowder+, _conj._ Neither.
+Noy+, +Noyance+, +Noying+, _n._ Vexatious, worrying.
+Nuddle+, _v._ To huddle together, to squeeze.
+Nullet+, +Nullot+, _n._ An owl. +Ullot+ is most commonly used.
+Numb+, _adj._ Dull, awkward, clumsy, insensible.
+Nursery+, _n._ A plantation of young trees.
+Nut+, _adv._ Not. Ex.—_Is ta gahin wi’ ma? Neea, Ah’s nut._ ‘Nut’ is to some extent an emphatic form of ‘not.’
+Nutty-crack-neet+, The ninth night before Martinmas Day, on which a feast of apples and nuts is indulged in.
O.
+O’+, _prep._ Of.
+Oafing+, +Oafish+, _adj._ Half-witted, foolish, silly.
+Oaf-rocked+, _adj._ More or less imbecile.
+Oddments+, _n._ Odds and ends.
+‘Od rabbits+, This and other forms commencing with _‘Od_ is an old form of profanity, by abbreviating the name of the Deity by the omission of _G_.
+Of+, _prep._ By, out of. Ex.—_That meer he gat of t’ broon meer’s deean weel._
+Off+, Used in the sense of ‘by heart.’ To be aware of, to know all about. Ex.—_Ah’ve gitten my task off. He’ll nut git ower ma na mair, Ah’ve gitten him off noo_, i.e. ‘I know all about him now.’
+Offally+, _adj._ Refuse. Bad, both of persons and things.
+Offally maade+, +Offally leeaking+, +Offally putten tigither+, _adv._ Badly or poorly made, &c.
+Offalment+, _n._ 1. Of little value, offal. 2. A useless, good-for-nothing fellow. 3. Intestines, &c., of animals.
+Off and on+, _adj._ and _adv._ 1. Vacillating, uncertain. 2. Now and again. Ex.—1. _He’s allus off an’ on, an’ nivver sattles ti nowt._ 2. _He’s off an’ on frev yah thing tiv anuther, whahl ther’s neea ’pendence on him._
+Off one’s heead+, _adj._ Mad, delirious.
+Off on’t+, _adv._ 1. Poorly. 2. Disappointed. Ex.—1. _Ah ’evn’t deean nowt this week, Ah nobbut felt a larl bit off on ’t._ 2. _He war sadly off on ’t when tha tell’d him o’ Mary’s trouble._
+Offen+, _adv._ From off, off. Ex.—_It tumm’l’d offen t’ shelf on tiv his heead._
+Off’ns+, _adv._ Often.
+Ofter+, _adv._ Oftener.
+Okkad+, _adj._ Awkward, clumsy.
+Olden+, _v._ To age, to show signs of age.
+Ommaist+, +Ommost+, _adv._ Though often meaning simply ‘almost,’ it often carries a stronger sense with it, e.g. Q. _Will ta gan wiv uz?_ ‘Will you go with me?’ A. _Aye, Ah ommost think Ah will_, would mean, ‘Aye, I certainly think I will.’ The general sense, however, is that of ‘almost.’
+On+, _adv._ 1. Here. 2. There. 3. Forward. Ex.—1. _He’s cumin’ on ti-neet_, i.e. ‘He is coming here to-night.’ 2. _Will ta be on ti-neet?_ i.e. ‘Will you be there to-night.’ 3. _Wa mun push t’ job on or wa s’aan’t git deean._
+On+, _prep._ Of. Ex.—_Sha war despert freet’n’d ’at Ah war gahin’ ti tell on her._
+On, To be+, _v._ To assent. Ex.—Q. _Will thoo gan wiv uz?_ A. _Noa, Ah weean’t be on at a gam o’ that soart._
+Once ower+, _Vide_ +Yance ower+.
+Onely sahded+, _adj._ Doubtful, singular. Ex.—_It’s nobbut a onely sahded gahin’ on_, i.e. ‘It is only a doubtful or singular proceeding.’
+Onny bit leyke+, or +Owt leyke+. Fairly well, tolerably. Ex.—_If he aim’d onny bit leyke, he mud ’a’e mannished. Wa s’all cum if t’ daay be owt leyke._
+On with, To be+, _v._ The act of doing, to be engaged with. Ex.—_Ah s’ be on wiv it ti morn at morn_, i.e. ‘I shall be doing it to-morrow morning.’ _He’s dropped Sally, an’ ‘s on wi’ Jin_, i.e. ‘He has jilted Sally, and is engaged to Jane.’
+Oot+, _adv._ Out, not within; also away, as _Git oot wi’ ya_, ‘Get away with you.’
+Oot o’ course+, _adv._ Beyond comparison, beyond measure.
+Oot an’ away+, _adv._ Undoubtedly. Ex.—_Oot an’ away t’ best hoss._
+Oor+, +Wer+, _pron._ Our.
+Oorsens+, +Oorsels+, +Wersens+, +Wersels+, _pron._ Ourselves.
+Oppen+, _v._ Open.
+Oppen oot+, _v._ 1. To bring to light, to reveal. 2. To show one’s true character. Ex.—1. _If thoo sez mich mair, Ah’ll oppen oot a bit mysen_, i.e. ‘I will reveal something.’ 2. _Ah think he’s a varra canny chap sen he’s oppen’d oot a bit._
+Oration+, _n._ A commotion accompanied with much talking and shouting.
+Orf+, _n._ The scurf which forms under the hair of children and animals.
+Orling+, _n._ A mis-shapen, undersized, rickety child.
+Othergates+, _adj._ Otherwise.
+Othersome+, _adj._ Variety, of another sort.
+Ought+, +Owt+, _n._ Anything. _adv._ At all. Ex.—_It’s all nowther owt, nowt, na summat._
+Ouse+, _Vide_ +House+.
+Out+, +Outing+, _n._ A day’s pleasure.
+Out with, To be+ = On unfriendly terms.
+Out by+, _adv._ Near to, in the direction of. Ex.—Q. _Does Mr. Jackson live near here?_ A. _Noa, he lives out by Newton._
+Outen+, _adv._ Out of. Ex.—_Sha tumm’l’d outen t’ winder i’ti t’ watter-butt. Thoo caan’t git thisel an’ Dolly a dhriss outen that, cut it which waay thoo will. Ya mud ez weel aim ti squeeze milk outen a yat-post ez git owt outen him._
+Out-end+, +Out-gang+, +Out-gaat+, _n._ An exit, a way out of.
+Out o’ fettle+, _adj._ Unwell, needing repair. Ex.—_Ah s’aan’t be gahin’ ti-daay, Ah’s a bit oot o’ fettle. T’ cart’s gitten a bit oot o’ fettle; Ah s’all ’a’e ti ’ev it leeaked teea._
+Out o’ t’ road+, _adv._ Out of the way, out of sight, killed. Ex.—_Ah caan’t finnd ’t, sha’s putten ’t oot o’ t’ road sumwheears._
+Out-thrust+, +Out-thrussen+, _adj._ Projecting.
+Ouzel+, _n._ The Bessy ducker, or ring ouzel.
+Over+ is generally pronounced ’ower’ or ’ovver.’
+Overget+, +Owerget+, _v._ To come up with, overtake, overreach.
+Oversail+, _n._ The top course of masonry covering the whole width of the wall.
+Over-scutch+, _v._ To whip too severely. Ex.—_He’s ower-scutched t’ lad this tahm, an’ Ah’ll foller t’ law on him an’ mak him pay foor ’t._
+Overwelt+, _v._ To roll on the back, so as to be unable to rise again—generally applied to sheep.
+Overwing+, _v._ To outwit. Ex.—_He aims ’at he knaws a bit, bud Ah’ll overwing him onny tahm iv a hoss deeal._
+Owe+, +Awe+, _v._ To own.
+Ower+, _v._ 1. To last through. 2. To cease, to come to an end. Ex.—1. _Ah deean’t think Tom ’ll git here i’ tahm ti see t’ au’d chap, it’ll tak him all his tahm to ower t’ neet, let aleean t’ week end._ 2. _T’ meeting’s owered, t’ chapel’s lowsed, an’ t’ chetch ’ez cum’d out, bud t’ army’s gahin’ ti gan at it whahl midneet._
+Ower+, _adj._ 1. Too. 2. Beyond due bounds. Ex.—1. _It’s ower grand_, i.e. ‘Too fine.’ _Ower big_, i.e. ‘Too large.’ 2. _He’s ower daft foor owt_, i.e. ‘He’s foolish beyond all bounds.’
+Ower+, _prep._ and _adv._ On the other side of, beyond. Ex.—_Ower t’ street_, e.g. ‘On the other side, across the street.’ _Ower t’ dale_, i.e. ‘On the other side of or beyond the dale.’
+Owerance+, _n._ The upper hand, the mastery. Ex.—_He’s gitten t’ owerance ov all t’ lot on uz. Ah ower-handed him that tahm_, i.e. ‘Got the advantage of.’
+Ower an’ up agaan+ = More than once, over and again.
+Ower-gaat+, _n._ A stone style, the steps in a wall side.
+Ower-kessen+, +Owercast+, _v._ and _adj._ Overcast, cloudy.
+Ower monny+, _adj._ Too many, too strong, beyond one’s power. Ex.—_Ah’ll nut drhive t’ hoss, he’s ower monny foor ma. He maay bunch t’ lass, bud his weyfe’s ower monny foor him._
+Ower-neyce+, _adj._ Too particular, fastidious, shy, diffident. _Vide_ +Nice+. Ex.—_Noo ya mun stritch yer elbows, an’ reach teea; what’s putten afoor ya’s putten ti gan at; noo deean’t be ower-neyce, bud set ti wark an’ sahd t’ lot._
+Owerset+, +Owersetten+, _pp._ 1. Overtasked beyond one’s strength. 2. Overturned. Ex.—1. _Ah’s completely owersetten an’ deean up wi’ t’ job. Naay what, thoo seems owersetten afoor thoo starts._ 2. _Ah owerset t’ au’d lass’ stall, an’ t’ nippers did scramm’l foor t’ things._
+Owerhand+, _Vide_ +Owerance+.
+Owt+, _n._ Aught, anything.
+Owther+, +Owder+, +Aether+, _conj._ Either.
+Ox-prod+, _n._ An ox-goad.
+Oxter+, _n._ The armpit.
P.
+Pace-eggs+, +Paste-eggs+, _n._ Hard-boiled eggs dyed various colours, used by children on Easter Monday. _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Pack+, _v._ When birds at certain seasons collect together they are said to ‘pack.’
+Packman+, _n._ A pedlar.
+Pack-rag day+, The day following Martinmas Day, when the servants who are changing masters pack up their belongings.
+Paddle+, _v._ To walk with difficulty, to wade bare-legged.
+Paddy-noddy+, _n._ A long wearisome tale with much repetition.
+Pafty+, _adj._ Pert, assuming, impudent.
+Pair of stairs+, _n._ A flight of stairs.
+Pairt+, _Vide_ +Part+.
+Pairtner+, _n._ A partner, generally husband or wife.
+Pally-ully+, _n._ A game almost identical with hop-scotch.
+Palm+, +Paum+, _v._ To climb with the hands and legs. _Vide_ +Swarm+.
+Palm-cross day+, _n._ Palm Sunday.
+Palms+, +Paums+, _n._ Catkins, ‘lambs’-tails’ of the hazel.
+Pan+, _v._ To fit into or close together.
+Pankin+, +Pankin-pot+, _n._ A large earthenware vessel.
+Pankin-dish+, _n._ A deep earthenware dish.
+Pannel+, _n._ A riding pad.
+Parkin+, _n._ A gingerbread cake made for the fifth of November.
+Parlous+, _adj._ Its general meaning carries with it a sense or state of evil. 2. Adverbially used, it always intensifies. Ex.—1. _Ther’s been parlous deed at t’ mill. Tha’ve locked him up at t’ last, it’s nobbut a parlous ending up._ 2. _He’s a parlous good preeacher is yon local chap._ 3. _T’ hoos is iv a parlous state, bud then it’s cleeaning tahm._
+Part+, +Pairt+, _adj._ A considerable number or quantity. Ex.—_Pairt fooak wur bidden ti t’ funeral. Ther’ll be pairt fruit ti year, nobbut Jack Frost dizn’t nip t’ blo afoor it sets._
+Pash+, _v._ To dash to the ground, to smash into fragments.
+Pash+, _n._ 1. A crash. 2. A heavy fall of snow or rain. 3. The result of a smash, or of a heavy fall of rain or snow, as mud or slush. 4. Soft, rotten, pulpy matter. Ex.—1. _T’ chim’ly cam doon wi’ sikan a pash._ 2. _Wa’ve hed a pash o’ snaw ti week._ 3. _Baith t’ carts is upskell’d an’ t’ things ur a’ iv a pash tigither._ 4. _Cum awaay fra sike pashy deed, thoo’ll labber thisen all ower._
+Past+, _adj._ Beyond, incapable. Ex.—_Past deeaing owt wi’_, i.e. ‘not to be restrained or influenced.’ _Past kenning_, i.e. ‘grown beyond recognition.’ _Past bahding_, i.e. ‘beyond one’s power to endure.’ _Past wark_, i.e. ‘incapable of working.’ _He’s gitten past that noo_, i.e. ‘incapable of having further aid rendered.’
+Past all+ = Beyond all bounds, generally used in a disagreeable sense; the antithesis of ‘Caps all.’
+Patter+, _v._ To tread or beat down by many steps, as a pathway across a newly tilled field.
+Patter+, +Pattering+, _n._ The sound of quick, light footsteps.
+Pause+, _Vide_ +Bunch+.
+Paut+, +Pooat+, _v._ 1. To paw the ground impatiently. 2. To kick lightly. 3. To walk in an affected style. 4. To walk feebly and somewhat heavily, as an aged person. Ex.—1. _T’ meer’s gifting stall’d o’ stannin’, sitha hoo sha pauts t’ grund._ 2. _Wa caan’t hap t’ bairn up, sha pauts aboot wiv her larl feet sae._ 3. _Sen sha’s gitten long skets an’ fancy stockin’s on, sha diz paut alang._ 4. _Au’d Willie, Ah see, still mannishes to paut about wiv a stick._
+Pawk+, _n._ +Pawky+, _adj._ Impudent, inquisitive, precocious, forward (of a child).
+Pawty+, _adv._ Slovenly.
+Pea-hulls+, +Pea-swads+ or +-cods+, _n._ Empty pods of peas.
+Peascod+, _n._ Peas still in the pod.
+Peffing+, _adj._ Applied to short, husky, hard breathing.
+Peggy-stick+, _Vide_ +Dolly-stick+.
+Peggy wi’ t’ lautern+, Will o’ t’ Wisp, Jack o’ t’ Lantern (_Ignis Fatuus_).
+Pelt+, _adv._ Speedily, swiftly. Ex.—_He cam doon t’ hill sike a pelt._
+Pelt+, _n._ The skin of a flayed animal.
+Pepper-cake+, _n._ A kind of ginger loaf. _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Perceivance+, _n._ Conception, acquaintance with. Ex.—_Neea, Ah’d na perceivance o’ what he meant ti deea._
+Perishment+, _n._ The outcome of a severe cold, a thorough chill. Ex.—_Ah’ve gitten a perishment o’ cau’d, Ah knaw that._
+Pet, To take+, _v._ To be offended, to sulk, to be affronted over some petty misunderstanding.
+Pick+, _n._ Pitch.
+Pick+ = Black. An intensive, or black as pitch. Ex.—_It war pick dark._
+Pick+, _v._ 1. To trip up, pitch, or push so as to bring to the ground. 2. To give birth immaturely (of an animal). 3. To find fault. Ex.—1. _Ah shoved mah foot oot an’ pickt him ower nicely._ 2. _Coo’s pick’d her cauf._ 3. _Sha’s nivver off mah beeans, sha’s awlus picking at ma._
+Pick-fork+, _n._ A pitch-fork.
+Pickle+, +Piddle on+, _v._ To play with one’s food.
+Pick-mark+, _n._ The mark on sheep made with a hot iron stamp.
+Pick up+, _v._ To vomit.
+Pie+, _v._ To store potatoes in an earth mound for the winter, to peep, to pry.
+Pie+, _n._ A heap of potatoes covered by earth.
+Piet+, _n._ The magpie.
+Piffle+, _v._ To steal in small quantities.
+Piffling+, _v._ To. do anything in a silly, half-hearted way.
+Pigmeat+, The refuse of the kitchen and dinner-table gathered together, and saved with other swill in a tub for pig-food.
+Pig-nut+, _n._ The earth-nut (_Bunium flexuosum_).
+Pig-swarth+, _n._ The skin of bacon.
+Pike+, _n._ A number of hay-cocks made into one heap.
+Pinchery+, _n._ Greediness, penuriousness.
+Pin-faud+, _n._ The pound for stray cattle.
+Pinnies+, _n._ Fish just hatched.
+Pirl+, +Purl+, _n._ The wooden or other winder upon which cotton or thread is wound.
+Pisking+, _v._ To lounge about.
+Pit+, _v._ 1. To match. 2. To jeer, to quarrel. 3. To mark or spot. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll pit him again thoo. Let ’em aleean, tha’re well pitted._ 2. _Ther’s maist o’ t’ street end oot, an’ tha’re pitting yan anither leyke all that._
+Pit+, _n._ A mark left by small-pox.
+Place+, _n._ Service. Ex.—_Ah isn’t gahin’ ti pleeace yet._
+‘Plain+, +‘Pleean+, +‘Plaan+, _v._ To complain, to be querulous.
+Plaint+, _n._ A pitiful tale.
+Plash+, _v._ To splash. n. A puddle.
+Plate+, _v._ To clinch a nail.
+Plating+, _n._ A sound thrashing.
+Pleeaf+, _Vide_ +Plough+.
+Pleeaf stots+, Young fellows, about twelve in number, who used to go about fantastically dressed on Plough Monday, headed by music; a kind of sword-dancer.
+Pleean+, +Plaan+, _adj._ Doubtful, not handsome. Ex.—1. _Ah wadn’t trust yon, he’s nobbut a plaan un._ 2. _Yon’s a pleean leeaking lass, hooiveer._
+Plenish+, _v._ To review, to furnish.
+Plesh+, +Plosh+, +Plash+, _n._ A puddle.
+Plew+, _Vide_ +Plough+.
+Pload+, _v._ To walk with difficulty over heavy land.
+Ploader+, _n._ A plodding, diligent fellow.
+Ploat+, _v._ To pluck the feathers from a fowl.
+Plodge+, _v._ To wade through water.
+Plook+, _n._ A small pimple.
+Plooky-feeaced+, _adj._ Applied to a pimpled or blotched face.
+Plosh+, _v._ To splash, to bespatter.
+Ploshy+, _adj._ Splashy.
+Plother+, +Plodder+, _n._ Soft mud.
+Plother+, _v._ To bring into a state of soft mud.
+Plothery+, +Ploddery+, +Pluthery+, _adj._ Muddy, miry.
+Plough+, +Plew+, +Pleeaf+, +Plufe+, _n._ A plough.
+Ploughing-day+, +Pleeafing-day+, +Plewing-day+, _n._ The day on which neighbouring farmers lend men, horses, and implements, to assist a new-comer on the land.
+Ploughing iron+ or +airn+, _n._ The coulter.
+Pluck+, _n._ The heart, liver, and lungs of an animal.
+Pluff+, _n._ A tube to pluff with.
+Pluff+, _v._ To force anything through a tube by blowing.
+Plug+, _v._ To load a cart with manure.
+Plugger+, _n._ Anything larger than usual.
+Pluke+, _Vide_ +Plook+.
+Plum+, _adj._ Perpendicular. Ex.—_That’s nut plum byv a lang waay._
+Plump+, _v._ To come straight down, hence to accuse openly. Ex.—1. _It cam plump doon i’ t’ frunt o’ ma._ 2. _Ah plump’d him wi’ ‘t tiv his feeace_, i.e. ‘I accused him to his face.’
+Plump+, _adj._ Straightforwardly, exactly. Ex.—_Ah tell’d him plump oot what Ah thowt._
+Plunder+, _n._ The legitimate profit made out of any business transaction.
+Pluther+, _Vide_ +Plother+.
+Plutherment+, _n._ Slush, water and mud, or snow and mud mixed; any liquid filth.
+Pock-arr+, _n._ The scar left by small-pox.
+Podge+, _n._ A short fat man.
+Podgy+, _adj._ Little and fat.
+Poke+, +Pooak+, _n._ A sack or bag.
+Poringer+, _n._ A mug which widens toward the base.
+Porrets+, _n._ Small onions.
+Porriwiggle+, _n._ The tadpole.
+Posh+, _n._ Slush, mud.
+Posh+, +Poss+, _v._ To pound with a possing-stick whilst washing clothes. _Vide_ +Dolly-stick+.
+Poshing-stick+, +Possing-stick+, _n._ The stick used to poss or beat with, something like a heavy club.
+Poskit+, +Peggy-tub+. A large oaken tub used to poss clothes in, often called a +Possing-tub+.
+Posy+, _n._ A bunch of flowers to carry in the hand.
+Pot-blossoms+, _n._ Blotches on the face caused by excessive drinking.
+Potherment+, _n._ Petty annoyance.
+Pot-lug+, _n._ The handle of a jug.
+Pot-sitten+, _adj._ Burnt whilst cooking, especially in the case of milk or porridge. Almost universally styled now +Setten on+.
+Potch+, _n._ To throw. Ex.—_Gi’e ower potching steeans._
+Potter+, _v._ To attempt in a feeble way, often followed by ‘about.’ Ex.—_Hoo he diz potter aboot! Diz he ivver get owt deean?_
+Pottering+, _adj._ Slow, feeble, awkward.
+Preachment+, _n._ A wearying discourse.
+Present+, _v._ To present. Ex.—_Tha’ve presented her wiv a clock an’ a silken pess wi’ twenty pund in ’t._
+Pretty warm+, _adj._ Comfortably off, well-to-do.
+Prickle+, _v._ 1. To have a pricking sensation. 2. To prick. Ex.—1. _Ah prickle all ower._ 2. _Ah’ve prickled my han’s all ower wi’ gethering bumm’l-kites._
+Pricky-back otch’n+, _n._ The hedgehog.
+Prod+, _n._ Usually a hazel stick with a sharp point.
+Prod+, _v._ To prick or push with a prod.
+Proddle+, _v._ To poke about, to prick, to poke about under stones, &c.
+Proffer+, _v._ To make an offer. Ex.—_Ah proffered ti gan ower an’ give him a lift._
+Prood+, _adj._ Proud.
+Propped up+, _adj._ Kept alive owing to the observance of certain rules and other advantages. Ex.—_Tha’ve propped him up foor a bit, but it weean’t be foor lang, he fails ivvery daay._
+Pross+, _n._ A friendly gossip.
+Providence+, _n._ Food, &c., provided for any kind of feast. Ex.—_A mirical wadn’t a’e maad yon providence last._
+Pubble+, _adj._ Plump, soft and round.
+Puddings+, _n._ Entrails.
+Pull+, _v._ To pick. Ex.—_Wa mun pull t’ currants ti morn._
+Pulls+, _n._ The shells of ripe turnip seeds, &c.
+Pulsey+, _n._ A poultice.
+Pum+, +Pumm’l+, _v._ To beat with the fists.
+Purlings+, _n._ Ribs upon which the spars of the roof of a house rest.
+Push+, _n._ 1. Moment. 2. Energy. Ex.—1. _He awlus leeaves ivvery thing ti t’ last push._ 2. _Ther’s neea push i’ yon youth._
+Pushed+, _adj._ Hurried, inconvenienced. Ex.—_Ah war varra mich pushed for tahm._
+Put about+, _v._ To be incommoded, put out of one’s ordinary course, disgusted. Ex.—_Ah nivver war seea grieved an’ vexed an’ putten about iv all mah leyfe._
+Put off+, +Put away+. To kill, to remove one’s outer garments.
+Putten+, _pp._ of ‘Put.’
+Putten by+, _v._ To put away, to bury.
+Putten ti reets+, _v._ 1. To put in order. 2. To correct. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll git things putten ti reets a bit._ 2. _Thoo’ll git thisen putten ti reets if thoo dizn’t tak care._
+Puzzon+, _n._ A poison.
+Puzzon+, _v._ To poison.
Q.
+Quality+, _n._ Gentry.
+Quart+, _v._ 1. To cross transversely, as in ploughing. 2. To disagree, to quarrel. Ex.—2. _Ah aim ’at oor Tom wad quart wiv a stuffed monkey._
+Queery+, _n._ Any circumstance of an extraordinary character.
+Quick-sticks+, _adv._ Sharply, at once. Ex.—_If thoo dizn’t git it deean i’ quick-sticks, Ah’ll wahrm thi jacket foor tha._
+Quirk+, _n._ A trick, deception.
+Quite better+, = Quite recovered.
R.
+Rabate+, _v._ To return something, in consideration of. Ex.—_Thoo gav him fahve pund foor ’t, an’ ‘ed ti gan foor ’t thisen, what rabate did ta git?_
+Rabble+, _v._ To read or speak so hastily as to be indistinct.
+Rabblement+, _n._ Indistinct, confused talk; a mob of low scoundrels.
+Race+, _Vide_ +Mill-race+.
+Rack+, _n._ Fleecy clouds driven by wind.
+Rackapelt+, _n._ A worthless fellow.
+Rackit+, _n._ A turbulent, boisterous noise.
+Raddle+, _v._ To beat or thrash soundly.
+Raddling+, _n._ A sound thrashing.
+Radged+, _adj._ Furious, mad.
+Raff+, _n._ 1. A confused heap. 2. A disreputable person. Ex.—1. _Thoo’s gitten things all iv a raff._
+Raff, After+, _n._ A second mowing, generally of clover.
+Raffle+, _adj._ Idle or foolish.
+Raffle+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To become confused, to wander. 2. To entangle. 3. To lead a wild, irregular life. Ex.—1. _He raffles on seea whahl yan dizn’t knaw what he meeans._ 2. _What a raffle sha’s gitten t’ wool inteea!_ 3. _He’ll raffle on whahl he’ll gan thruff t’ bit o’ brass t’ au’d chap left him._
+Raffle-pack+, _adj._ Of loose, irregular lives.
+Raffling+, _adj._ Riotous, dissolute.
+Raffly+, _adj._ Applied to a confusion of ideas or weakened mental powers. Ex.—_He gits a larl bit raffly at tahms._
+Rag+, _v._ To enrage, to vex. Ex.—_Ah did rag him aboot Polly._
+Ragabash+, _n._ A bad character.
+Ragally+, _adj._ Loose, unseemly, unprincipled.
+Rageous+, _adj._ Furious.
+Ragged+, _pp._ To be enraged.
+Ragged+, _adj._ Borne down with fruit.
+Raggel+, _n._ A worthless vagabond.
+Rag out+, _n._ Passion, temper. Ex.—_Deean’t git his rag oot_, i.e. ‘Don’t vex him.’ _Wa gatnhis rag oot_, i.e. ‘We got him into a passion.’
+Rag-river+, _n._ A tomboy.
+Raitch+, _n._ The white line down a horse’s face.
+Raited+, _pp._ Applied to hay or straw injured by wet or damp; peeled off after soaking.
+Rain+, _Vide_ +Rein+.
+Rakapelt+, _n._ A low, dissolute fellow.
+Raking+, _v._ To wander about with a doubtful purpose.
+Ram+, _adj._ Possessing a fetid smell.
+Ram+, _v._ To push forward, to work hard. Ex.—_Ah ram’d at it, an’ seean gat it deean._
+Raments+, _n._ Shavings, odd bits.
+Rammack+, _Vide_ +Rannack+.
+Ramm’l+, _v._ To idle about. Ex.—_Noo off thoo gans; thoo’s awlus ramm’ling about t’ pleeace._
+Ramp+, _n._ A series of steps or drops on the upper part of a wall; the name given to garlic.
+Rampageous+, _adj._ Furious, boisterous, wild.
+Ramp and Rave, To+, _v._ To be mad with passion.
+Ramper+, _n._ The sloping side of a raised footpath.
+Ramscallion+, _n._ A filthy, loathsome person.
+Ramshackle+, _adj._ Disjointed, unsteady, needing repair.
+Ranch+, _adj._ Acid.
+Ranch+, _v._ To sprain.
+Ranch+, +Rinch+, _n._ A sprain.
+Rand+, _n._ A piece cut out of or off.
+Rands+, +Reeands+, _n._ The unploughed edges round a field.
+Randy+, _adv._ Madly, wildly, riotous. _adj._ Mad.
+Rannack+, _n._ A dissolute spendthrift.
+Rann’l-+ or +Randle-bauk+, _n._ The bar upon which the reckons hang.
+Rantipole+, _n._ A romping child.
+Ranty+, _adj._ Much excited, angry.
+Rap+, _n._ A friendly chat. Ex.—_Cu’ thi waays, an’ lets ’ev a pipe an’ a bit o’ rap._
+Rap-off+, _v._ To speak on the spur of the moment.
+Raps+, _n._ Gossip, news.
+Rapterous+, _adj._ Ecstatic.
+Rase+, _pret._ of ‘Rise.’
+Rase+, _v._ To raise, to cause to move. Ex.—_Ah rase a rabbit i’ that coorner last neet. Ah rase ’t up mysen._
+Raspin+, _adj._ Excellent.
+Rasps+, _n._ Raspberries.
+Rasselled+, _adj._ Applied to withered fruit.
+Ratten+, _n._ A rat. +Rattener+, _n._ A catcher of rats.
+Ratten-trap+, _n._ A rat-trap.
+Rattle-beeans+ (bones), _n._ A very thin man.
+Rattle-cap+, _n._ A lively, somewhat wild person.
+Rattle-doon+, _adj._ Tumble-down. Ex.—_It’s nobbut a rattle-doon spot at t’ best._
+Raum+, +Reeam+, _v._ To bawl at the top of one’s voice.
+Raun+, _n._ Fish roe.
+Rave+, _Vide_ +Rive+.
+Rawk+, _n._ _Vide_ +Roke+.
+Rawp+, _n._ Rape (_Brassica napus_).
+Rax+, _v._ To strain to the utmost.
+Rax+, _n._ A strain, a twist of limb or muscle.
+Razzle+, _v._ To roast on the outside before the fire, to hurriedly cook over a flame.
+Reach+, _v._ To hand or fetch anything. Ex.—_Reeach ma t’ breead. Reeach ma yon mug o’ milk._
+Reach to+, _v._ To help oneself. Ex.—_Ya’re all on ya varra welcum ti t’ best o’ owt Ah’ve gitten, sae reach to, and mak yersels at heeam._
+Reap up+, _v._ To refer to some past misdeed.
+Rear+, _v._ To raise up, to raise into a perpendicular position.
+Rear+, _adj._ Applied to meat underdone.
+Reckan-bauk+, _Vide_ +Gally-bauk+.
+Recklin+, _Vide_ +Wrecklin+.
+Reckon+, _n._ The bar suspended from the rann’l-bauk.
+Reckon+, _v._ To imagine, to suppose. Ex.—_Ah reckon you’ll be him. Ah reckon I knaw summat aboot it._
+Reckon-crook+, _n._ The hook of the reckon.
+Red up+, _Vide_ +Reet up+.
+Reead-yat+, _adj._ Red-hot.
+Reeak+, _n._ A rook.
+Reeasty+, _adj._ Rancid, e.g. ‘reeasty bacon.’
+Reeasty-cropt+, _adj._ Hoarse.
+Reek+, _n._ Smoke. _v._ To smoke.
+Reet+, _adj._, _adv._, and _n._ Right.
+Reet up, To+, _v._ To put things in order, to tidy up. Ex.—_Ah’ll reet things up a bit, an’ then Ah’ll cum._
+Reft+, _n._ A chink, a slit.
+Rein+, _n._ The sides of a field overgrown with brushwood.
+Reist+, _n._ A horse which refuses to move is said to have taken the ‘reist.’
+Rench+, _v._ To rinse. Ex.—_Ah’ll gi’e it a rench oot._
+Render+, _v._ To convert the fat of pigs to a liquid state by heat.
+Renky+, _adj._ Tall, but too thin, as trees when grown too close together.
+Resehes+, +Reashes+, _n._ The rush (_Juncus glaucus_).
+Rezzil+, _n._ The weasel (_Mustela_ or _Putorius vulgaris_). +Wezzil+ and +Wuzzil+ are equally common.
+Rick+, _n._ A quantity of hay larger than a pike.
+Rickle+, _n._ A small heap of peat set to dry.
+Ride+, _v._ To travel on horseback, or in any kind of vehicle. Ex.—_Ah s’all rahde t’ meer theear, bud rahde back i’ t’ cart wi’ Billy._
+Ride rough-shod ower, To+, _v._ To obtain our own ends careless of other people’s rights. Ex.—_Ah’ll nut let him rahde rough-shod ower me when Ah’ve gitten t’ reet o’ mah sahd._
+Riding+, +Ridding+, _n._ The space made by felling trees, generally within a wood.
+Riddle+, _n._ A sieve.
+Rife+, _adj._ Inclined, ready. Ex.—_He’s rife foor onny rackit. He war rife foor t’ job._
+Riff-raff+, _n._ A low mob, scum. Ex.—_He’ll gan wi’ onny sike leyke riff-raff._
+Rift+, _v._ To belch.
+Rig+, _v._ To dress oneself.
+Rigg+, _n._ The back of a man or beast, the rows in which turnips grow. Hence ‘rigg and furr,’ the latter being the raised part running between each rigg.
+Rigged+, _v._ To be laid on the back unable to rise, applied to sheep; to tidy oneself, to put on one’s best.
+Rigging+, _n._ The framework of a roof.
+Rigging tree+, _n._ The top spar of a house.
+Right+, +Reet+, _adj._ True, correct. Ex.—_It’s reet what Ah’s telling on ya._
+Right on end+, _adv._ Direct as to direction, in a straightforward manner.
+Right up+, _v._ To put things in order. Ex.—_Ah’ve setten Janey ti reet things up a bit._
+Ring-shaken+, _adj._ That part of timber which cannot be used owing to its being diseased.
+Rise+, _n._ A steep ascent.
+Rive+, +Rahve+, _v._ 1. To tear in two. 2. To pull with force. 3. To split. Ex.—1. _He gave it a snip w’ t’ sithers, an’ then rahve it reet across._ 2. _Ah rahve it up, it war deead._ 3. _Ah s’all rive t’ maist o’ yon wood up._
+Rist+, _n._ Rust.
+Rist+, _v._ To rest.
+Road, Oot o’ t’+ = Out of the way, killed.
+Rods+, _n._ Pea-rods, used to support peas when growing.
+Roil+, _v._ To be noisy, turbulent.
+Roist+, _adj._ Wild, dissolute.
+Roistering+, _adj._ Wild, noisy, or dissolute.
+Roke+, +Rawk+, _n._ A thick fog.
+Roky+, +Rauky+, +Roaky+, _adj._ Foggy, damp.
+Roll+, _n._ The pad of cloth worn on the head by potter women and others who carry a basket in that position.
+Roll-egg day+, +Troll-egg day+. Easter Monday. _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Roo+, +Roo on+, _v._ To work hard amidst confusion. Ex.—_If thoo’d nobbut sahd a few things by ez thoo went on, thoo wadn’t ’a’e ti roo on i’ this fashion. Sha awlus ’ez ti roo on at t’ finish._
+Rooar+, _v._ To make a loud noise when crying.
+Rook+, _n._ A cock of clover set up to dry.
+Rook+, _v._ To set up in small heaps.
+Rossil+, _n._ Resin.
+Rostle+, +Rossel+, _v._ To disturb, to shake.
+Rouk+, _v._ To snore loudly, as pigs. Ex.—_Ah weean’t sleep w’ him na mair, he rouks warse ’an a pig._
+Roughen+, _v._ To make rough.
+Round, To get+, _v._ To cajole, to assuage.
+Roundy+, _adj._ Of fairly good size, as compared with another sample containing much dust and small pieces; applied to a good sample of coal.
+Rouped up, To be+, _v._ To be hoarse.
+Roupy+, _adj._ Hoarse from cold.
+Rout+, +Rowt+, _v._ To wander, to stray; to bellow loudly, as cattle.
+Rout about+, _v._ To turn every place out.
+Routering tahm+, Cleaning time, house-cleaning.
+Roving+, _adj._ Of an unsettled nature.
+Rovven+, _pp._ Riven.
+Row+, _v._ To form ridges in the land for setting potatoes, &c.
+Rowan-tree+, _n._ The mountain ash (_Pyrus Aucuparia_). _Vide_ chapter on ‘Witchcraft.’
+Rownd+, _Vide_ +Raun+.
+Rowty+, _adj._ Rank.
+Roy+, +Roy on+, _v._ To lead a fast life. Ex.—_If he roys on leyke yon, he’ll seean ’a’e ti spell want._
+Royously+, _adv._ Extravagantly.
+Rud+, _n._ Red ochre, also ruddle.
+Rud-stake+, _n._ The post to which a cow or ox is fastened when in its stall.
+Rue+, _v._ To alter one’s mind after making a bargain.
+Rue-bargain+, _n._ A sum of money paid to cancel a bargain.
+Ruffle+, _v._ To rub or raise the skin.
+Rumbustical+, _adj._ Noisy, rough in play.
+Runch+, _n._ The charlock (_Sinapis arvensis_).
+Rung+, _n._ The step of a ladder.
+Runnel+, _v._ A small stream of water, the channel it runs in, a funnel.
+Run out+, _adj._ Exhausted, impoverished.
+Runty+, _n._ Short, thick-set.
+Rush+, _n._ A large concourse of people.
+Russelled+, _Vide_ +Rasselled+.
+Rutterkin+, _n._ A sly old fellow.
+Rutting+, _n._ The sound made by deer during the pairing season.
+Ruttle+, _v._ and _n._ To breathe with a rattling, gurgling sound, as when suffering from bronchitis, or when dying. Hence _t’ deeath ruttle’s setten in, it’ll seean be owered wiv him noo._
+Rutty+, _adj._ A road deeply furrowed by cart-ruts.
S.
+‘S+, Is, has, or as.
+S’+, _v._ Shall.
+Sa+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+S’aan’t+, _v._ Shall not.
+Sack, To get the+, _v._ To be turned out of or lose a situation, to be dismissed.
+Sackless+, _adj._ Lacking common sense, foolish.
+Sad+, _adj._ Heavy, as badly-risen bread, damp.
+Sadden+, _v._ To make firm by stamping, treading, &c. Ex.—_Sae monny fooak tramping on t’ land sairly saddens ’t._
+Sadly+, _adv._ Very much. Ex.—_It sadly wants deeaing_, i.e. ‘It wants doing very much.’ _Ah sadly wanted her ti stop a bit langer._
+Sadly begone+, _adj._ Surprised and distressed at the same time.
+Sadly ta’en in+, _adv._ Very much deceived. Ex.—_Ah’ve been sadly ta’en in wiv ’em._
+Sae+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+Safe+, +Seeaf+, _adj._ and _adv._ Certain, without doubt. Ex.—_Ah’s seeaf ti cum_, i.e. ‘I am certain to come.’ _Safe eneeaf he did it_, i.e. ‘Without doubt he did it.’
+Sag+, _v._ To hang lower in the middle than at either end, as a rope.
+Sahded by+, +Sided by+, _pp._ Buried. Ex.—_It’s owered wiv him noo, wa’ve gitten him sahded by._
+Saim+, +Saam+, _n._ Lard.
+Sair+, _adj._ Sore, in all its senses. Ex.—_Wa’ve ’ed a sair tahm_, i.e. ‘a sad time.’ _It’s varra sair news_, i.e. ‘sorrowful.’ _T’ lad’s gitten a naisty sair spot_, i.e. ‘sore.’
+Sair+, +Sairly+, _adv._ Sorely, greatly, extremely; used as an intensive. Ex.—_Sha’ll be sairly missed, will Jane. It war a sair mannish’d job. Sha sairly wanted ti git yam._
+Sam+, _v._ 1. To cause milk to curdle, to coagulate. 2. To gather in a hurry. 3. To pack things carelessly. Ex.—2. _Ah samm’d all t’ lot tigither iv a twinklin’._ 3. _Sam ’em in onnyhoo._
+Sammer+, _adj._ Larger than usual.
+Santer+, _v._ To loiter, to walk slowly.
+Sappy+, _adj._ Heavy, sodden.
+Sap-tree+, _n._ The rowan-tree.
+Sark+, _n._ A shirt or chemise.
+Sarten+, _adj._ Certain.
+Sarve+, _v._ 1. To feed cattle. 2. To pay back revengefully. Ex.—1. _Thoo mun sarve t’ pigs._ 2. _Ah’ll sarve him oot foor ’t._
+Sattle+, _v._ To settle, usually followed by ‘down’; to feel at home. Ex.—_Ah s’ sattle efter a bit. Oha, he’s sattled doon neycely._
+Sattle one’s hash, To+, To completely discomfit. Ex.—_If sha sez owt ti me Ah’ll seean sattle her hash, an’ tell her her neeam fur nowt an’ all; sha’d best leeak oot_.
+Sauce+, _n._ and _v._ An impudent answer. Ex.—_Ah tell’d her what Ah thowt, an’ sha sauced ma back ageean leyke all that._
+Sau’t+, _n._ Salt.
+Sau’t-kit+, _n._ Salt-box.
+Sauve+, _n._ Ointment.
+Sauve+, _v._ 1. To cajole. 2. To apply ointment. Ex.—1. _Thoo mun sauve him ower byv talking neycely._
+Savelicks+, _n._ Canker of the dog-rose.
+Saw-cum+, +-com+, or +-coom+, _n._ Sawdust.
+Saw-hoss+, _n._ A saw-pit, or the arrangement of two tressels upon which the wood to be sawn is rested.
+Say+, _n._ 1. Power, influence. 2. Opinion. Ex.—1. _T’ parson ’ez t’ maist say ov onnybody hereabouts._ 2. _Noo let me saay mah saay noo_, i.e. ‘Now let me express my opinion now.’
+Say+, _v._ To control or influence. Ex.—_Ther’s neea saying onny o’ Martha’s bairns. Ah caan’t saay t’ dog._
+Scacelings+, _adv._ Scarcely.
+Scaldered, To be+, _v._ To have an unhealthy skin, so that the surface comes off in scales. Children’s heads are often said to be scaldered when suffering from dandruff.
+Scalderings+, _n._ Nodules of half-burnt lime.
+Scale+, +Scaling+, _v._ To scatter or spread, as manure; to cause the milk to be absorbed in the female breast.
+Scale-dish+, _n._ A shallow metal pan used to skim milk.
+Scallibrat+, _n._ A passionate, noisy child.
+Scamp+, _v._ To execute work in a dishonest manner, not paying attention to details which are hidden from view.
+Scar+, _n._ The face of a precipitous rock, or the rock itself.
+Scart+, _v._ Frightened.
+Scaud+, _n._ and _v._ A scold, a vixenish woman.
+Scaud-heead+, _n._ Applied both to dandruff and ringworm.
+Scau’p+, _n._ The head, the skull, the bare spots of rock and stones on a hillside.
+Sconce+, _n._ 1. A screen, usually lined with tin, which is kept very bright so as to reflect; this is placed in front of any joint roasting before the fire. 2. Hence the usage of the word in the sense of a ‘ruse,’ ‘deception,’ i.e. a screen to hide one’s real intentions. Ex.—2. _He aim’d at wa s’u’d think ’at he’d cum’d ti see t’ au’d chap, bud it war nowt bud a sconce ti finnd oot what wa’d gitten i’ t’ hoos._ The word is also used in the sense of ‘tale-bearing’ in such a way as either to hide one’s own fault or to obtain one’s own ends.
+Scopperil+, _n._ A teetotum, a pierced bone button with a wooden peg through it.
+Scourging top+, +Scurgy+, _n._ A whipping-top.
+Scow+, _n._ Confusion, hurried and somewhat disorganized preparation for an expected event, bustle with confusion.
+Scowder+, +Scowderment+, _n._ Confusion.
+Scraffle+, _v._ To struggle, to strive. Ex.—_Ah mannished ti scraffle thruff’t, bud Ah s’all tak t’ hedge t’ next tahm. Sha’s deean mair ’an weel ti scraffle on wi’ a family leyke yon._
+Scrag-cauf+, _n._ A name applied to females whose legs are very thin.
+Scraggy+, _adj._ Lean.
+Scran+, _n._ Food.
+Scranky+, _adj._ Very lank.
+Scrannel+, _adj._ Poor, worthless.
+Scrap+, _v._ and _n._ To quarrel.
+Scrape+, _n._ Misfortune, trouble.
+Scrape the tongue, To+, _v._ To speak affectedly.
+Scrat+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To scratch. 2. A scraping together of one’s belongings by hard toil. Ex.—2. _Yan gits yan’s things scratted tigither oddly by_ _tahms. Neeaboddy’s made a harder scrat foor what tha’ve gitten ’an Lisa Jane._
+Scrat+, _n._ A miser, the itch.
+Scrat, Au’d+, _n._ The devil.
+Scrawm+, _v._ To scratch irregular marks on any surface, to grope about in the dark.
+Scrawmy+, _adj._ Straggly, irregular, unshapely.
+Scrawmy cauf+, _n._ A badly shaped leg. _adj._ +Scrawmy-cauf’d.+ _Ex.—Mah wo’d, bud Polly war sairly flowter’d when Ah dropped on her shauming, ant Ah seeaa sha’d neea call ti be, fer sha’s owt bud a scrawmy-cauf’d un._
+Screed+, _v._ To run a line or border on the edge of anything.
+Screed+, _n._ A shred, the border or edge of any material.
+Screeve+, _v._ To mark with a screever.
+Screever+, _n._ A small pointed steel tool used to mark metal, &c.; the sound produced by such marking.
+Scriggle+, _v._ To twist about.
+Scrimp+, _adj._ 1. Niggardly. 2. Scant. 3. Short. Ex.—1. _It war nobbut a scrimpy do._ 2. _It war a varra scrimpy set oot._ 3. _Did ta run sho’t o’ stuff? T’ sket nobbut seems scrimpy an’ sho’tish at t’ back._
+Scrogs+, _n._ Stunted bushes or shrubs.
+Scrout+, _v._ To lengthen, as the days.
+Scrow+ and +Scrowing+. _Vide_ +Scow+.
+Scruff+, _n._ Scurf, either on the skin or head; scum, hence ‘the rabble.’
+Scruffle+, +Scruffling+, _v._ 1. To push, strive, to put on one side by force, as pushing through a crowd. 2. To weed turnips. Ex.—1. _Ah’d a despert scruffle afoor Ah gat inti t’ tent. Neeabody teeak na notish o’ neeabody, bud iverybodd scruffled t’ best waay tha c’u’d, whahl wa war all scruffling tigither._
+Scruffle+, _n._ A quarrel accompanied with a struggle, an unruly crowd.
+Scruffler+, _n._ A hoe for weeding turnip rows. Formerly it was fashioned from an old horse-shoe fixed to a long handle.
+Scuff+, _n._ The nape of the neck.
+Scuff+, _v._ To seize or shake by holding the neck.
+Scumfish+, _v._ To oppress with either heat, smoke, or foul air.
+Scut+ or +Scud+, _v._ To run away.
+Scutter+, _v._ To run away quickly.
+Scutters+, _n._ Diarrhoea.
+Scuttle+, _n._ An open rough-made basket considerably narrowing towards the bottom, and used to gather potatoes in, &c.
+Sea-fret+, _n._ Fine rain, usually commencing with the rise of the tide.
+Seagling+, _part._ Sauntering.
+Sea-tang+, _n._ Sea-weed or wrack (_Laminaria digitata_).
+Seddle+, _n._ The wrist-bone.
+Seea+, +Sae+, +Sa+, +Soa+, +Sooa+, _adv._ So.
+Seear+, +Shower+, _adj._ and _adv._ Sure.
+Seed+, _pf. part._ of ‘Saw.’
+Seed-lip+, _n._ The basket from which the seed corn is cast when thrown on the land.
+Seeing-glass+, _n._ A looking-glass.
+Seeve+, +Seeave+, _n._ The common rushes (_Juncus effusus_ and _conglomeratus_).
+Seet+, _adj._ Considerable, many. Ex.—_Ther war a seet main fooak theear ’an what Ah thowt ther’d be. He’s a seet better ’an what Ah leeak’d foor._
+Segged+, _v._ To be distended, swollen, accompanied by hardness.
+Seggrums+, _n._ Common ragwort.
+Seggy+, _adj._ Second. Ex.—_Bags Ah seggy_, i.e. ‘Second turn.’
+Segs+, _n._ A name applied somewhat loosely to several rushes and flags.
+Sen+, +Sin+, _adv._ Since.
+Servers+, _n._ Females, generally two in number, who hand the cake, biscuits, and wine to mourners and others at a burial.
+Set+, _v._ To accompany any one either the whole or a short way on a journey. Ex.—_Tommy set ma ivver sae fur. He put t’ meer in an’ set ma all t’ waay. Ah’ve setten her ti t’ deearstan._
+Set+, _v._ To arrange or settle a price. Ex.—_Setten at that price, he’d nivver git his awn ageean. Ah’ve setten it at less na what Ah aimed ti git._
+Set a day, To+, _v._ To fix a definite appointment.
+Set agate+, _v._ To set in motion, to start work, to put into action. _Vide_ +Agate+.
+Set in+, _adj._ Applied to dirt on the clothes or skin of long standing; commenced and likely to continue.
+Set on+, +Setten on+, _v._ To burn in the pan when cooking, especially when milk is used. _adj._ Small, stunted in growth.
+Set on knees+, _v._ To kneel.
+Set-pot+, _n._ A large iron cauldron fixed in brickwork.
+Set-teea+, _n._ A fight. Ex.—_Let ’em ’ev a set-teea, an’ then tha’ll git it sattled. Bob’s ’ed a set-teea wi’ Billy._
+Set teea+, +Set on+, _v._ To begin or cause to begin. Ex.—_Thoo mun set teea at yance, an’ Ah’ll set Tom on ti morn at morn._
+Setter+, _n_. A seton. Also _v._ To insert, &c.
+Settle+, _n._ _Vide_ +Lang settle+.
+Settled+, _v._ To be decided, satisfied, contented. _Vide_ +Sattle+. Ex.—_Ah’ve sattled that point lang sen. Ah’s nobbut hauf sattled wi’ t’ waay things is gahin’ on, an’ Ah s’aan’t feel sattled whahl Ah’ve been ti see foor mysen._
+Set up+, _v._ To greatly delight.
+Sez+, _v._ Says. Ex.—_If sha sez ’at thoo sez what thoo sez sha sez, sha sez what’s wrang._
+Shabby+, _adj._ Disagreeable, unpleasant as to weather. Ex.—_Wa nobbut ’ed a shabby hay-tahm ti year._
+Shackle+, _n._ The wrist.
+Shade+, _n._ A wooden or lightly constructed building, a shed.
+Shades+, _n._ Lace curtains.
+Shaff+, _n._ Sheaf.
+Shaffle+, _v._ To shuffle in walking, to evade by subterfuge, to be undecided.
+Shaft+, _n._ A handle, as of a fork, rake, hoe, axe.
+Shaft+, _v._ To fix a handle to anything.
+Shak+, _v._ To shake.
+Shak-bag+ or +-back+, _n._ An untrustworthy fellow.
+Shake+, _n._ A split or crack in furniture.
+Shak-fork+, _n._ The fork used for lifting and shaking the thrashed straw.
+Shak-ripe+, _adj._ So ripe that shaking will cause the fruit to fall. Anything likely to fall either from a shake or wind.
+Shanks’ nag+, +Shanks’ pony+, _n._ One’s own legs as a means of going from place to place. Ex.—_Ah s’all ’a’e ti gan on Shanks’ pony_, i.e. ‘I shall have to walk.’
+Shap+, +Shaape+, _v._ 1. To show good judgement. 2. To give promise. Ex.—1. _He shaps weel ti deea ’t, diz t’ lad._ 2. _It shaps ti mak a good un._
+Sharp+, _v._ To insert nails or screws in a horse’s shoe during frosty weather.
+Sharp+, _adj._ Quick, smart, intelligent. Ex.—1. _Noo gan ez sharp ez thoo can_, i.e. ‘quick.’ 2. _Noo that war a sharp trick ti deea_, i.e. ‘smart.’ 3. _He’s a sharp lad that_, i.e. ‘intelligent.’
+Sharps+, _n._ Flour with the admixture of bran.
+Shaum+, _v._ To warm the legs and knees by sitting close to the fire; in the case of females, with the skirts, &c., pulled above the knees.
+Shear+, _v._ To cut corn with a sickle.
+Shearling+, _n._ A sheep of the first year from the time of shearing.
+Sheep-ked+ or +-keead+, _n._ A sheep-tick.
+Shell+, _n._ A slide. _v._ To slide.
+Shelvings+, _n._ Wooden frames fixed on either side of a cart to increase the size.
+Shift+, _v._ To remove from one house to another, to change one’s clothes, to move.
+Shift+, _n._ A chemise.
+Shifty+, _adj._ Deceitful, crafty.
+Shill+, _n._ Scum of anything left to stand.
+Shill+, _v._ 1. To shell, as peas, &c. 2. To cause to curdle so that the whey and curds separate. 3. To make a noise something between a howl and a whistle. Ex.—3. _Mah wo’d, bud t’ wind did shill roond t’ chetch last neet. Its nobbut a feeal ’at trimm’ls when t’ wind shills._
+Shills+, _n._ Shafts of a cart.
+Shine+, _n._ The pupil of the eye; a disturbance, a quarrel.
+Shinnop+, _v._ To play at hockey.
+Shinny+, _n._ Hockey.
+Shippy+, or +Ship starnel+, _n._ The starling.
+Shiv+, _n._ A husk of corn.
+Shive+, _n._ A slice.
+Shoe+, _n._ The drag applied to the wagon or cart wheel when descending a hill.
+Shog+, _v._ To shake, to be slowly driven along with a jolting motion.
+Shoggle+, _v._ To shake with unsteady motion.
+Shogglin+, _n._ An icicle.
+Sholl+, _n._ Slide. _v._ To idle.
+Shool+, _n._ A shovel.
+Shoon+, _n._ Pl. of ‘Shoe.’
+Shoot+, _v._ 1. To shout. Often implies to call without raising the voice. 2. To break into ear (of corn). Ex.—1. _Shoot on him, he’s i’ t’ next room._
+Shot+, +Shut+, _v._ To be freed from, rid, clear of. Ex.—_Hez ta gitten shut on him?_ i.e. ‘Have you got rid of him?’ _Ah’ve gitten shot o’ that claim_, i.e. ‘I have got clear of that claim.’
+Sho’t+, _adj._ Short, hasty. Ex.—_Saay neea mair, leeave that sho’t_, i.e. ‘Don’t tell or explain the whole.’ _Ah thowt ’at he war a bit sho’t wi’ ma_, i.e. ‘a trifle hasty.’
+Shot-ice+, _n._ Sheets of ice.
+Shovven-string+, _n._ Boot-lace.
+Shrag+, _v._ To lop, to trim.
+Shrift+, _n._ The condition of an animal’s coat after having been kept on soft food in the open during winter; on beginning to better its condition it sheds its coat.
+Shudder+, +Shuther+, _v._ To shake, to tremble. Ex.—_Yah crack o’ thunner made all shuther ageean._
+Shut+, _v._ To shoot with a gun, to put out or shoot out, to quit.
+Shuttance+, _n._ Riddance. Ex.—_Tha’ve gane, an’ good shuttance tiv ’em_, i.e. ‘They have gone, and good riddance to them.’
+Shutters+, _n._ A shooting party.
+Shy+, _adj._ Bitter and piercing (of the wind).
+Sich+, _adv._ So.
+Side-lang+, _v._ To fasten the fore and hind foot of a sheep together to prevent its straying.
+Side up+, _v._ To put in order, to tidy.
+Side-wipe+, _n._ Censure, conveyed by innuendo.
+Sidling+, _adj._ Fawning, servile. Ex.—_He awlus sidles an’ maks up ti fresh fooak, bud he’s a sidling sooart ov a chap._
+Sie+, _n._ A fine sieve to strain milk, a spot, a stain left by anything falling in drops.
+Sie+, _v._ To strain milk.
+Sike+, _adj._ Such.
+Sikan+, _adj._ Such (used before a vowel).
+Sike-like+, _adj._ Such-like, so forth, similar.
+Sile+, _n._ A strainer.
+Sile-brigg+, _n._ The wooden frame upon which the sile rests when used.
+Sill-horse+, _n._ The shaft horse.
+Sin+, _adv._ Since.
+Sink-hoal+, _n._ A dug-out or other hollow place in which the drainage from a midden-stead collects, or water from the sink.
+Sinter-santer+, _v._ To idle, to dawdle.
+Sipe+, _v._ To soak through, to drain away slowly, to sink away.
+Sippel+, _n._ A thin slice of anything.
+Sipper-sauces+, _n._ Dainty dishes.
+Siss+, _v._ To hiss, as water dropping on the fire; to spit (of a cat); to hiss like a goose.
+Sitfast+, _n._ The hard cyst of a wound or boil.
+Sitha+, pronounced _Si-tha_. Calls attention to. It is a corruption of ‘seest thou.’ Sutha originally was ‘saw thou.’ ‘Sitha’ and ‘sutha’ are equally common.
+Sit up on end, To+, _v._ To sit up. Ex.—_He’s mending grandly; whya, he’s sitting up on end i’ bed._
+Sizzapur+, _n._ A heavy blow. As an _adj._ Large of its kind.
+Skaff+, +Skeeaf+, _n._ A rough, steep, broken bank.
+Skare on+, _v._ To overlap or splice.
+Skate+, _v._ To turn sharp round.
+Skaum+, _Vide_ +Skime+.
+Skeeal+, _n._ School.
+Skeel+, _n._ A large wooden milk-pail.
+Skeg+, _n._ A glance, a cast of the eye.
+Skel-beast+, _n._ Wooden partitions in the cow byre.
+Skell+, _v._ To tilt, to raise up one end of anything, to shriek out.
+Skell up+, +Skell ower+, _v._ To upset, by the lifting of one end or side too high.
+Skeller+, _v._ To squint.
+Skellered+, _adj._ Bent by heat, as the covers of a book held too near the fire.
+Skelly+, _n._ A squint.
+Skelp+, +Skelping+, _n._ A thrashing. _adj._ Quickly, with great speed. Ex.—1. _Ah gav’ him a skelp._ 2. _He did gan wiv a skelp._
+Skelp+, _v._ 1. To strike with the open palm. 2. To move quickly. Ex.—1. _Noo Ah’ll skelp tha._ 2. _He skelp’d off yam t’ minit he seed ma._
+Skelper+, _n._ +Skelping+, _adj._ Huge.
+Skep+, _n._ A basket made from either flags or willows.
+Sket+, _n._ A skirt.
+Skew+, _v._ To twist round or about, to wrench. Ex.—_Sha skews hersen aboot warse ’an nowt. Skew ’t off if t’ weean’t pull oot._
+Skid+, _n._ The iron shoe used as a brake.
+Skid+, _v._ To fix the iron shoe to the wheel.
+Skill+, _v._ To understand, to unravel. Ex.—_It’s putten tigither queerly, it’s a bit of a rum un ti skill. It’s a queer taal, can ta skill ’t?_
+Skillet+, +Skellit+, _n._ A small pot for the fire with a long handle.
+Skime+, +Skaum+, _v._ To droop the eyelids, to scowl. Ex.—_Oppen thi e’es, an’ deean’t gan skauming aboot leyke that. Noo leeak pleasant, an’ dean’t skaum._
+Skimmering+, _adj._ Bright, sparkling, brilliant. _v._ Shining brightly.
+Skiny+, _adj._ Greedy.
+Skirl+, _v._ To scream.
+Skirtling+, _n._ The lower and dressed part of a haystack.
+Skirts, A pair of+, _n._ Petticoat.
+Skite, To take one’s+, _v._ To leave quickly. Ex.—_Ah heeard what he’d gitten ti saay, an’ then Ah teeak my skite._
+Skit+, _v._ To sneer at, to make fun of.
+Skit+, _n._ A remark, or printed matter of a personal character.
+Skivvers+, _n._ Wooden skewers.
+Skrike+, _v._ To screech.
+Skrimp+, _Vide_ +Scrimp+.
+Slabby+, _Vide_ +Sleazy+.
+Slack+, _adj._ Slow, lacking go or briskness. Ex.—_It war nobbut slack deed. T’ market war varra slack._
+Slack+, _n._ A small valley.
+Slafter+, _n._ Slaughter.
+Slafter-hoos+, _n._ Slaughter-house.
+Slain+, +Sleean+, _n._ The smut blight of wheat (_Ustilago segetum_).
+Slair+, _v._ To idle away one’s time.
+Slairy+, _adj._ Untidy, sluttish.
+Slaister+, _v._ To do anything in an idle, slovenly manner; to scamp work; to flog with a whip or cane.
+Slaisterer+, _n._ An idle, slovenly fellow.
+Slake+, _v._ To lick; to cleanse imperfectly by just wetting and rubbing, as licking a slate.
+Slake+, _n._ A lick, a pretence of cleaning. Ex.—_Ah just gav’ things a slake ower._
+Slap+, _v._ To spill. Ex.—_Thoo’ll slap ’t if thoo hugs it leyke that, an’ if thoo diz slap ’t Ah’ll slap tha foor slapping ’t._
+Slap+, _v._ To go or do anything quickly, to be energetic. Ex.—_He went slap at it ez if he meant it. Ah’ll run slap ower at yance._
+Slape+, _adj._ Slippery; smooth, as applied to even or polished surfaces; untrustworthy, crafty.
+Slape-feeaced+, _adj._ Applied to a hypocrite.
+Slape-fingered+, _adj._ Butter-fingered.
+Slapen+, _v._ To make slippery, to open the bowels by laxatives.
+Slape-scalp+ or +-scaup+. A hypocrite.
+Slape-shod+, _adj._ Shoes, especially of horses, are said to be ‘slape-shod’ when much worn and smooth. Ex.—_Is ta slape-shod? Neea, Ah’ve just gitten sharp’d._
+Slape-t’unged+, _adj._ Plausible.
+Slappy+, _adj._ Sloppy, puddly, wet.
+Slaps+, _n._ Slops.
+Slap-stone+ or +-steean+, _n._ The kitchen sink.
+Slap up+, _v._ To eat or drink in a hurry.
+Slap-up+, _adj._ First-class, exceedingly good. Ex.—_He’s gitten a slap-up t’on-oot. Noo that’s a slap-upper if ya leyke._
+Slathery+, _adj._ Continued, as applied to wet weather; puddly, of the roads. The word as used often embodies both ideas.
+Slating+, _n._ Scolding. Ex.—_Ah gat sike a slating foor brecking t’ winder._
+Slattery+, _adj._ Slovenly.
+Slaup+, _v._ To eat and drink with the mouth too full.
+Slaverment+, _n._ Insincerity, fawning, hypocrisy.
+Sleave+, _v._ To twist. To ‘sleave’ a lass is to put one’s arm round her waist.
+Sleaved+, _part._ Twisted.
+Sleazy+, _adj._ Badly made, slight, unsubstantial.
+Sleck+, _v._ To quench one’s thirst, to quench fire by pouring water on it, to remove the caustic element from lime.
+Sleck+, _n._ Drink. Ex.—_That’s all reet foor them ’at can deea wi’ ‘t, bud Ah leyke a sup o’ beer foor a sleck._
+Sled+, _n._ A sledge.
+Slem+, _adj._ Bad, applied to work put together badly.
+Slem+, _v._ To do work imperfectly, to slur over, to hide work by an outer covering. Its usage is a trifle loose. Ex.—_Ah slemm’d it ower wi’ pent._
+Slew+, _v._ To swerve, to turn or twist round. In the passive, to be intoxicated.
+Slidder+ } +Slither+ } _v._ 1. To slide. 2. To disappear unobserved. Ex.—1. _He set hissel on t’ top ov a larl bit of a sled, an’ went slithering doon t’ hill leyke all that._
+Sliddery+ } _adj._ Slippery. +Slithery+ }
+Slinky+, _adj._ Inclined to act evasively.
+Slip+, _v._ 1. To forget. 2. To go, to come. Ex.—1. _It slipt my mahnd ez cleean ez nowt._ 2. _Slip ower ti Bob an’ tell him ti slip ower ti me_, i.e. ‘Go to Robert’s and tell him to come to me.’
+Slip+, _n._ A pinafore.
+Slipe+, _v._ To strip off an outer covering, as bark, with a rapid action.
+Slirt+, _v._ To squirt water.
+Sloke+, _n._ Slime on the surface of stagnant water.
+Slope+, _v._ To dishonestly evade payment, to defraud; to abscond, leaving one’s debts unpaid.
+Slosh+, _n._ Melted snow or mud.
+Sloshy+, _adj._ Applied to a condition of general thaw.
+Slot+, _n._ A slit in a garment for a tape to be run through.
+Slot+, _v._ To slam. Ex.—_Ah sed nowt, bud just slotted t’ deear iv his feeace._
+Slough+, +Sluff+, _n._ The outer skin, especially of fruit, as the gooseberry.
+Slowdy+, _adj._ Flabby, soft; applied to fish out of condition and season.
+Sluddery+, +Sluthery+, _adj._ Applied to melted snow and mud.
+Slummer+, _v._ To sleep almost in a comatose state.
+Slush+, _Vide_ +Slosh+.
+Slutherment+, _n._ Any slimy, viscid matter.
+Sluthery+, _adj._ Having to the touch a feeling of slime or viscid matter.
+Sly-cakes+, _n._ Ordinary looking cakes, but filled with fruits.
+Smally+, _adj._ Puny, thin, undergrown.
+Smatch+, _n._ A savour, a trifle, a small portion.
+Smeark+, _v._ To half smile.
+Smere+, _n._ The membrane covering the nostrils of a foal at birth.
+Smiddy+, _n._ A blacksmith’s shop.
+Smiddy-oom+, _n._ The sweepings of a blacksmith’s bench and floor.
+Smit+, _n._ Infection.
+Smit+, +Smitch+, _n._ Fine particles of soot which fall from the smoke of the chimney.
+Smitting+, _adj._ Infectious.
+Smittle+, _v._ To infect.
+Smock+, _n._ A chemise.
+Smoor+, +Smurr+, _v._ To smother, suffocate.
+Smoot+, _v._ To partially hide the face.
+Smooth+, _v._ To iron clothes.
+Smooth-feeaced+, _adj._ Bashful.
+Smoot-hoal+, +Smoot-hole+, _n._ A hole, varying in size, in a hedge or wall; e.g. a rabbit smoot, a sheep smoot.
+Smoot-steean+, _n._ A slab or stone used to stop a smoot-hole.
+Smudge+, _v._ To smear; to emit smoke, but without any flames visible.
+Snaffling+, _v._ To speak through the nose.
+Snag+, _v._ To cut the branches from felled trees, to top and tail turnips.
+Snahl+, _n._ Snail.
+Snake-steean+, _n._ An ammonite.
+Snarly+, _adj._ Biting, chilling (of the wind).
+Snavvie+, _Vide_ +Snaffling+.
+Sneb+, _v._ To rebuke.
+Sneck+, _n._ The fastening of a gate or door.
+Sneck+, _v._ To fasten, to latch. Ex.—_Noo think on an’ sneck all t’ yats._
+Sneeap+, _v._ To check, to put down. Ex.—_Ya caan’t sneeap ’em, an’ they weean’t be snebbed, an’ neeabody’s gitten neea saay ower ’em at all, an’ if yan diz call ’em, tha deea nowt bud snifter, snitter, an’ gen at yan._
+Snicker+, _Vide_ +Snitter+.
+Snickle+, _v._ A slip-noose of wire used as a snare.
+Snifter+, _n._ A sniff, a smell of short duration. Ex.—_Noo it’s varra neyce, just tak a snifter on ’t._
+Snifter+, _v._ To snuff up. Ex.—_Wipe thi snoot; deean’t snifter._
+Snig+, _v._ To drag timber from the wood.
+Snig-cut+, _n._ A short cut, a by-path.
+Sniggle+, _v._ To laugh behind one’s back, to laugh derisively.
+Snite+, _v._ To blow the nose, not necessarily with a handkerchief.
+Snitter+, _v._ To sneer, to giggle with ill-nature and derisively. Ex.—_Ah’ll gi’e tha summut ti snitter at if thoo dizn’t shift thisen._
+Snook-snarls+, _n._ The knotty entanglements of thread, string, &c.
+Snod+, _adj._ Smooth, neat-looking, trim.
+Snoke+, _v._ To smell with a deep inspiration.
+Snow-flag+, _n._ A snow-flake.
+Snubbits+, _n._ The projecting pieces of wood at the end of a cart, on which it rests when tilted up.
+Snubby+, _adj._ Knotted (of wood).
+Snudge+, +Snuggle+, +Snowzel+, _v._ To lie close together.
+Soa+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+Soamy+, _adj._ Close, oppressive (of the weather).
+Sob+, _v._ To sigh as the wind does on the approach of calmer weather.
+Sock+, _n._ The ploughshare.
+Sod+, _n._ An opprobrious epithet = Ass, fool.
+Sodden+, _v._ To soften by soaking in water.
+Sods+, _n._ 1. Square parings of grass and earth. 2. A lump of earth and grass. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll hev hauf o’ t’ garden laid wi’ sods._ 2. _Ah’ll chuck a sod at tha._
+Soft+, _adj._ 1. Inclined to wet weather. 2. Silly, half-witted. Ex.—_1. Ah’s feeard wa’s gahin’ ti ’ev a softish back-end._ 2. _Poor bairn! is sha a larl bit soft?_
+Somerset+, _n._ Somersault.
+Sooa+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+Sooart+, _n._ Sort, kind, quality.
+Soond+, _v._ To faint, to sound. Also _n_.
+Soonest+, _adj._ Quickest, nearest, shortest. Ex.—_Ah’s gan by t’ foot brigg; it’s seeanest road. It’ll be t’ seeanest deean i’ that waay._
+Sore+, _Vide_ +Sair+.
+So so+ = That will do, enough, cease.
+Soss+, _v._ and _n._ To fall with force into the water; to lap water, as a dog.
+Sough+, +Soo+, _v._ To sob, to sigh (of the wind).
+Soup+, _v._ To soak, to drench with water. Ex.—_Ah’s fairly souped ti t’ skin._
+Sour-docken+, _n._ The wild sorrel (_Rumex acetosa_).
+Sowl+, _v._ To give a thorough rinsing in water, to chastise.
+Sowse+, _v._ 1. To cause to be wet all over. 2. To throw into water. Ex.—1. _He sowsed a bucket o’ mucky watter cleean ower ma._ 2. _Ah sowsed t’ beggar i’ t’ beck._
+Spade-+ or +Speead-graft+, _n._ A spade depth.
+Spane+, +Speean+, _v._ To wean.
+Spang+, _Vide_ +Spanker+.
+Spank+, _v._ To strike with the open hand.
+Spanker+, _n._ One who takes long strides; large of its kind; hence +Spang+, _n._ A leap.
+Spanking+, _adj._ Tall and broad, rapid.
+Span-new+, _adj._ Quite new.
+Sparrow-feathers+, _n._ The chaff of oats is so called when used for beds in the place of feathers.
+Spattle+, _n._ Spittle.
+Speak+, _v._ Even yet the usage in an active sense of ‘to address’ is often heard in the dales. Ex.—_Ah seed him, bud wa didn’t speeak yan anuther. What didn’t ta speeak her foor?_
+Speeak+, +Spooak+, _n._ The spoke of a wheel.
+Speean+, _n._ A spoon.
+Spelk+, _n._ A long thin slip of wood, a splint.
+Spell+, _n._ A splinter of wood, the cross-bar of a ladder; a spill, either of wood or paper; a turn at work, not necessarily of long duration; the trap upon which the ball rests in the game of spell and knorr.
+Spic an’ span+, _adv._ New, clean, tidy; lit. new, from ‘spike to span’ of a knight’s lance. Another form is ‘Bran spander new.’ Ex.—_Ez thoo’s gahin’ ti see t’ lass foor t’ fo’st tahm, thoo mun mak this en leeak ez spic an’ span ez a new-maad pin. Mr. Henry war gitten up spic an’ span._
+Spice+, _n._ Raisins, currants, &c.
+Spice-bread+, _n._ A cheaper form of plum-cake.
+Spice-cake+ or +-keeak+, _n._ Plum-cake.
+Spink+, _n._ The chaffinch, often named +Bull-spink+.
+Spinner+, _n._ A spider’s web. Also +Spinner-web+. The latter, however, is generally confined to the gossamer threads so commonly found floating in the air on a summer’s evening.
+Spit+, _n._ A long narrow spade used for draining.
+Spittle+, _n._ A small spade.
+Splatter+, _v._ To splash about, to make splashes.
+Splatter-dash+, _n._ and _v._ 1. A showing-off. 2. Commotion. 3. To brag, to make a foolish display of wealth. Ex.—1. _Ah caan’t bahd sike splatter-dash gahins on. It’s nowt bud a lot o’ splatter-dash._ 2. _Ah, what a splatter-dash ther is i’ t’ pleeace._
+Splatterer+, _n._ One who splashes.
+Splauder+, _v._ 1. To sprawl, to spread out one’s limbs. 2. To display, to be vulgarly ostentatious. Hence +Splaudered+, +Splauderment+. Ex.—1. _Hoo yon lass diz splauder her feet oot. Talk aboot a splauder o’ stuff, ther war mair ti eat na wa c’u’d ’a’e mannish’d if wa’d ’ed tweea goes apiece._
+Splaudy+, _adj._ Wide-spreading.
+Splaws+, _n._ Pen-nibs.
+Splet+, +Split+, _v._ To tell of one’s doings, to break confidence.
+Splutter+, _n._ Bustle, excitement, nervousness. Ex.—_Deean’t git i’ sike a splutter, wa’ve endless o’ tahm. Didn’t sha git intiv a splutter when sha heeard what Jin Ann ’ed sed aboot her!_
+Sponge+, _n._ Leaven, a portion of leavened dough saved from each baking to raise the next week’s kneading with.
+Sponge+, _v._ To swell and froth as a dead body.
+Spool+, _n._ The wooden reel upon which thread is wound.
+Spout+, _n._ A small waterfall.
+Spraggy+, _adj._ Thin, bony, having many sharp projections.
+Spraints+, _n._ Otter’s dung.
+Spreead+, _v._ Spread.
+Spreead+, _n._ Abundance of food and of extra quality. Ex.—_Ah nivver war at sikan a spreead afoor, ther war ommaist ivverything ya c’u’d think on_ (imagine).
+Sprent+, +Sprint+, _v._ To sprinkle, to spurt, to cause water to fly about by compression or striking the surface sharply. Ex.—_Mary Jin’s slapt t’ slap-hoal wiv her battledooar, an’ ‘s sprented ma all ower wi’ blash an’ sluthery muckment._
+Sprent+, _n._ A spot or mark left by a splash.
+Spring+, _v._ ‘To spring’ is applied to cows when near calving.
+Sprunt+, _n._ 1. Short, stiff, lively. 2. A steep road, a hill. Ex.—1. _Ya’ll mannish ti trunn’l yersen t’ best hauf o’ t’ waay, bud efter that ya’ll finnd it a bit sprunt_ (said to a cyclist).
+Spurrings+, _n._ The banns.
+Squab+, _n._ A rude long settle with cushions, usually with only one arm.
+Square up, To+, _v._ To settle an account or dispute.
+Squary+, _adj._ Compact, both as to size and shape. Ex.—_It’s a neyce squary kitchen. It’s just sich an (sikan) a squary bit ez Ah want._
+Stack-bar+, _n._ A hurdle.
+Stack-garth+, +Stagg’ath+, _n._ The stack-yard.
+Stack-prod+, _n._ A stick used in thatching, being pointed and thrust into the stack. The string is wound round it in such a way, from prod to prod, as to hold the _thack-bands_ secure.
+Staddle+, _n._ The foundation of cross-beams upon which a stack is built, the stain left after washing out the producing cause.
+Staddling+, _n._ A foundation of brushwood, brackens, &c., to build the stack upon.
+Stag+, _n._ A gelding over a year old.
+Stagnated+, _part._ Much bewildered, astonished. Ex.—_T’ whoal lot on uz wur stagnated._
+Staith+, _n._ and _v._ An embankment; to protect land from overflowing of water by an embankment.
+Staithe+, +Steeath+, +Steers+, _n._ A landing-place.
+Stakker+, _v._ To stagger.
+Stall+, _v._ To eat until satiated, to tire out, to weary.
+Stan’+, +Stand+, _v._ 1. To stand. 2. To be responsible for; to agree to maintain, uphold. 3. To stop, as a clock. 4. Remains. 5. Holds. Ex.—2. _Ah’ll stand tiv all he diz. Thoo said thoo wad, an’ thoo’ll ’a’e ti stan’ ti ’t noo._ 4. _That’ll stand good_, i.e. ‘That is settled.’ 5. _It stands a good chance ti win._
+Stand again+, _v._ To withstand, oppose. Ex.—_Thoo maun’t aim ti stan’ agaan what’s deean._
+Stand for+, _v._ To act as sponsor.
+Standing+, _n._ The stall for a horse or cow.
+Stand-ups+, _n._ God-parents.
+Stane+, +Steean+, _n._ A stone.
+Stang+, _n._ A pole or stake.
+Stang, To ride the+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Stape+, _v._ To slope, to incline.
+Stapple+, _n._ A staple.
+Stark+, _adj._ Stiff, unyielding, powerful. The Danish word _stærk_ means being strong, possessing strength. Hence ‘Stark mad’ is quite correct. Ex.—_Thoo’s starched t’ things whahl they’re ez stark ez a booard._ A very common redundancy is _Stiff stark steean deead_.
+Starken+, _v._ To become stiff. _adv._ +Starkly.+
+Star-slubber+ or +-blubber+, _n._ Frog-spawn.
+Start+, _n._ Work, employment. Ex.—_He sez ’at he’ll gi’e tha a start. Ah’ve gitten a start at a pund a week._
+Start+, _v._ 1. To begin. 2. To set going. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll start wi’ t’ job ti morn. He started off a gay bit sen. Tha’ve started a pianner, ’ez t’ fooak next doour._ 2. _Ah’ll start it fur tha._
+Starvatious+, _adj._ Cold, very chilly. Ex.—_No’thallerton station’s t’ maist starvatious spot onnywheear._
+Starve+, _v._ In the passive voice, to suffer from cold; in the active voice, to cause hunger.
+Staup+, _v._ To walk about clumsily. Ex.—_Sha staups aboot that okkad whahl sha’ll tumm’l ower her shadder sum daay._
+Stead+, +Steead+, _n._ Common as a suffix, denoting the exact place, as homestead, yat-stead, middin-stead, deear- or dooar-steead, &c.
+Steck+, _v._ To close and fasten a door or gate.
+Stee+, +Stey+, +Stegh+, _n._ A ladder, a style with steps like a ladder.
+Steead+, _pp._ Stood.
+Steeal+, _n._ Stool.
+Steean+, _n._ Stone.
+Steer+, _n._ An ox under two years.
+Steer-tree+, _n._ The left handle of a plough.
+Steg+, _n._ A gander, a fool.
+Stegly+, _adj._ 1. Shaky. 2. Unsymmetrical, unsuitable. Ex.—2. _It’s a gret stegly hoos_ (said of Faucet Vicarage).
+Stell+, _n._ An open ditch varying in width and depth.
+Stent+, _v._ To abstain, to deny oneself.
+Step+, _n._ An undefined distance. Ex.—_Ah went a good step wiv him._
+Step, A langish+ = Quite a long way off.
+Steven+, _v._ To bawl out, to shout at the top of the voice; to howl and bluster, as the wind. NOTE.—Rarely heard now.
+Stick+, _v._ To kill an animal by stabbing, as a butcher.
+Stickle+, _v._ To hesitate, to object.
+Stickle-haired+ } +Stickly+ } _adj._ Bristly.
+Stickler+, _n._ A difficulty, a poser.
+Sticks+, _n._ Furniture, belongings.
+Stick up, To+, _v._ To boldly maintain one’s right.
+Stiddy+, _n._ An anvil.
+Stiddy+, _v._ To be steady, attentive to business.
+Stife+, +Stify+, _adj._ Close, foul, as to air.
+Stiff+, _adj._ 1. Steep, difficult. 2. Firm, obstinate. Ex.—1. _Ah’ll tell ya what, it’s a stiffish clim’. Ah’ve gitten a stiff job this tahm._
+Stifler+, _n._ A bad odour; a heavy blow, such as to cause insensibility.
+Stint+, _Vide_ +Stent+.
+Stir on, Plenty to+ = Rich, well-to-do. Ex.—_He’s gi’en ten pund, bud then he’s gitten plenty ti stir on._
+Stirk+, _n._ A heifer.
+Stirrings+, _n._ An unusual excitement, gaiety. Ex.—_Ya’ll be ’eving sthraange stirrings when t’ young chap cums at age._
+Stitch+, _n._ A sharp pain in the side.
+Stithe+, _v._ To taint, to give a taste of smoke, &c. Ex.—_What ’a’e ya putten on t’ fire? it’s stithed all ’at’s i’ yewn thruff t’ crack i’ t’ boddum._
+Stob+, _n._ Usually a short pointed stick or stake; the stump of a tree, a small splinter.
+Stob+, _v._ To mark out land with short stakes, to dig up a fence, to strengthen with stobs.
+Stob off+, _v._ To lop off branches of a tree or the top half of a hedge.
+Stock+, _n._ A beam of wood, generally applied to the frame of a bedstead, e.g. bed-stock.
+Stock+, _adv._ Quite, absolutely. Ex.—_He steead stock still._
+Stodge+, _v._ To satiate with over-eating; to make anything too thick, as the admixture of too much meal with water. Ex.—_Ah caan’t eat it, it’s nowt bud stodge._
+Stone-naked+, _adj._ Absolutely naked.
+Stonies+, _n._ Common stone taws.
+Stooden+, _pp._ of ‘Stand,’ but the usage is somewhat peculiar. Ex.—_Things wad ’a’e stooden different if t’ bobby ’ed catched him_, i.e. been. _Ah’ve stooden Bedale market ivver sen Ah wur a larl nipper_, i.e. attended.
+Stook+, _n._ Twelve sheaves of corn set up against each other in the harvest field.
+Stook+, _v._ To set up stooks, and bind the same.
+Stooth+, _v._ To apply plaster on laths instead of to the wall itself, or to make in a room a false wall of battens, laths, and plaster.
+Stor+, +Sturr+, _v._ and _n._ To stir; a stir, excitement.
+Storm+, _n._ A continuance of frost and snow, with or without wind.
+Stortioners+, _n._ The common nasturtium.
+Stot+, _n._ A young ox.
+Stoup+, _n._ A measure of ale.
+Stour+, _v._ To blow in clouds, whether of dust, rain, hail, or snow; also the action of smoke as it comes from a chimney or fire.
+Stour+, _n._ Dust, &c.
+Stour+, +Stower+, _n._ A stake, the middle bars of a cattle rack, the cross-bars of a ladder.
+Stout+, _adj._ Convalescent, healthy looking. Ex.—_Sha leeaks weel an’ stoot agaan._
+Stoven+, _n._ The old stump of a tree not yet quite dead.
+Stowp+, _n._ An upright post.
+Stra+, +Streah+, _n._ Straw.
+Stracklin’+, _n._ A worthless fellow, a waster.
+Straighten+, _v._ Often followed by ‘up.’ To put in order, to punish, to settle accounts. Ex.—_Ah mun straighten things up a bit afoor t’ parson’s missus drops in. If thoo dizn’t drop it, Ah’ll straighten thi jacket foor tha. When thoo’s deean, fetch thi bill in, an’ wa’ll straighten up._
+Strand+, _n._ The beach.
+Strapping+, _adj._ Strong, tall, big.
+Strather+, _n._ Haste, excitement.
+Streah+, _Vide_ +Stra+.
+Streamers+, _n._ Minnows during spawning.
+Streean+, +Strain+, _n._ Descent, breed.
+Streean+, _v._ To do one’s utmost.
+Strength+, +Stren’th+, _n._ 1. Security. 2. Belief. Ex.—1. _He ’ezn’t t’ stren’th o’ fifty pund_, i.e. ‘Could not find security for that sum.’ 2. _On t’ stren’th o’ what thoo sez_, i.e. ‘Acting on the belief,’ &c.
+Strickle+, _n._ The stone or other contrivance used to sharpen a scythe.
+Stride-whallops+, _n._ A lanky, long-legged lass. An older word, now fallen into disuse, was +Stridykirk+.
+Stridlings+, _adv._ Astride.
+Strike+, _v._ To kick with the hind leg (of a horse), to fly-blow meat, to balance an account, to make a line with string and chalk.
+Strik’-stick+, _n._ The stick used to scrape off the superfluous corn when measuring.
+String-halt+, _n._ A twitching of the hind leg of a horse.
+Strip+, _v._ To drain the udder dry.
+Stritch-stick+, _n._ The bar which keeps the trace chains apart. Also +Stretcher+.
+Stroke+, +Stroak+, _n._ A single bat, a commencement. Ex.—_Ah ’evn’t deean a stroak o’ wark ti-daay._
+Strong+, _adj._ 1. Hard, severe. 2. Heavy, bulky. 3. Stiff, clayey. Ex.—1. _Wa s’ ‘ev a strangish frost efter this._ 2. _It’s a strangish leead foor t’ au’d meer._ 3. _T’ land’s varra strong hereaboots._
+Strother+, _Vide_ +Strather+.
+Strucken+, _pp._ of ‘Strike.’
+Strunt+, _n._ The tail.
+Strunt+, _v._ To cut the tail short.
+Struts+, _n._ The posts used in the roof-frame of a house.
+Stuck up+, _adj._ Proud.
+Stuff+, _n._ Of very loose application, e.g. material, furniture, chattels, produce, &c. Ex.—_Thoo’s gitten stuff eneeaf ti mak tweea coats. Thoo’s gitten stuff i’ t’ chaamer eneeaf foor tweea rooms. Thoo’s gitten mair stuff on t’ land na ivver Tommy ’ed._
+Stunning+, _adj._ First-class.
+Stunt+, _adj._ Short, stumpy; stiff, unyielding.
+Stunt+, _adv._ and _n._ Sulky, obstinate. Ex.—_Tak neea notish, he taks t’ stunt at nowt._
+Sturdy+, +Stoddy+, _n._ A disease, i.e. hydatids in the brain.
+Stut+, _v._ To stutter.
+S’u’d+, _v._ Should.
+Summat+, _n._ Something.
+Summer-bink+, _n._ A seat shaded by leaves in summer-time.
+Summer-colt+, _n._ Undulating vapour near the ground.
+Sump+, _n._ A bog or marsh.
+Sumpy+, _adj._ Wet, boggy.
+Sunder+, _v._ To dry in the sun.
+Sundown+, _n._ Sunset.
+Sup+, _n._ A small quantity of any liquid. Ex.—_Ah wants a sup o’ milk. It leeaks nowt bud leyke a sup o’ wet._
+Sup+, _v._ To drink either by sips or with a spoon.
+Sup off+, _v._ To drain one’s glass.
+Surance+, _n._ Surety. Ex.—_Bud what tha ’a’e gi’en, tha ’ez surance for ’t?_
+Surfeit o’ cold+, _n._ A very severe cold.
+Swab+, _n._ A drunken sot.
+Swad+, _n._ A peascod, and the like.
+Swag+, _v._ 1. To swing about. 2. To lean towards. Ex.—2. _Ya’ll ’a’e ti put summat at yon sahd ti balance ’t, it swags gertly ti this sahd._
+Swage+, _v._ To soften, to quiet down.
+Swaimish+, _adj._ Bashful.
+Swale+, +Sweeal+, _v._ 1. To waste by burning unevenly, as a candle in a draught. 2. To squander. Ex.—1. _Shut t’ doour, t’ cann’l’s sweealing._ 2. _Yon chap ’ud sweeal a ransom awaay._
+Swang+, _n._ A boggy stretch of land.
+Swangy+, _adj._ Boggy.
+Swanky+, +Swanking+, _adj._ Great of its kind.
+Swap+, _v._ To exchange.
+Swape+, _n._ An oar of peculiar shape, a pump handle.
+Swappy+, _adj._ Plump.
+Swarm+, _v._ To climb by clasping a pole or tree with both arms, knees, and legs.
+Swart+, _adj._ Black looking.
+Swarth+, +Swa’th+, _n._ The outer skin, rind; the quality and quantity of grass upon the land.
+Swarve+, _v._ To swerve.
+Swash+, _v._ To dash about in waves.
+Swatch+, _n._ Fit, size, the precise thing required. Ex.—_This yan’ll deea, its just mah swatch. Its just t’ swatch foor ma._ NOTE.—Swatch was originally a wooden tally or other means by which any person might prove their claim to cloth which had been left to dye—cloth, by-the-way, which was home-spun.
+Swathe+, _n._ The full reach of the scythe when cutting.
+Swathe-bank+, _n._ The grass left uncut by the blade at the end of its sweep.
+Swatter+, _v._ 1. To play and splash with water. 2. To squander. Ex.—1. _Tho’ll sprent thisen all ower, swattering on i’ that waay._ 2. _He’ll swatter t’ bit o’ brass awaay._
+Swelt+, _v._ To faint, to swoon; to overpower, as with heat.
+Swelter+, _v._ To burn, to bear or suffer heat, to perspire profusely.
+Swidden+, _n._ Any place on a moor which has been cleared by burning.
+Swidden+, +Swithen+, _v._ To singe or burn off superficially.
+Swidge+, _v._ To tingle, burn (of inflammation). Ex.—_It war nobbut a bleb at t’ fu’st, bud it swidged an’ throbbed an’ then started ti kittle, an’ Ah think that wur t’ warst ov all._
+Swig+, _v._ To drink at one draught.
+Swill+, _n._ Pigmeat.
+Swill+, _v._ To cleanse by throwing water out of a pail, as on flags, &c.
+Swingle-tree+, _n._ _Vide_ +Stritch-stick+.
+Swip+, _n._ A marrow, the image of. Ex.—_He’s fair t’ swip ov t’ au’d chap._
+Swipple+, _n._ That part of a flail which beats out the corn.
+Swirrel+, _n._ Squirrel.
+Switch+, _v._ To throw, to dash. Ex.—_Sha teeak t’ paail o’ mucky watter, an’ switched t’ lot all ower ma._
+Switched+, _adj._ Drunk.
+Switcher+, _n._ Good, better than ordinary.
+Switching+, _adj._ Grand, noted, extensive.
+Swither+, _v._ 1. To tingle and smart with pain. 2. To dissipate by slow degrees, a little at a time. Ex.—2. _If he gans on i’ that road, he’ll swither all t’ brass he hez awaay._
+Swittle+, _n._ A heated iron rod used to bore holes in wood.
+Swizzen+, _v._ To singe. _Vide_ +Swidden+. Ex.—_It’ll swizzen t’ clothes, t’ iron’s ti hot._
+Sword-dancers+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Syke+, _n._ A small streamlet, a gutter, a small rill draining from a boggy place.
T.
+‘T+, _pron._ It.
+T’+, _def art._ The.
+Ta+, _per. pron._ Thou, you.
+Taal+, _v._ To settle, to accommodate oneself to a new condition of habits, &c.
+Tacket+, _n._ A tack.
+Ta’en+, +Takken+, _pp._ of ‘Take.’
+Ta’en agaan+ or +ageean+, _v._ To take a dislike to. Ex.—_Ah’ve ta’en agaan her, an’ Ah s’ nivver tak up wiv her na mair._
+Ta’en tiv+, _v._ To take to, to like.
+Tag+, _n._ A twist of long grass or rushes, a wisp.
+Tag+, _v._ To flog with a tag.
+Tahm+, _n._ 1. Time. 2. Life. Ex.—2. _Ah’ve seen a vast i’ mah tahm._
+Tahm by chance+, _adv._ Occasionally.
+Taistrel+, _n._ A peevish character.
+Tak+, _n._ 1. A flavour somewhat pronounced. 2. Land which has been taken at a fixed rent. 3. Piecework. Ex.—2. _If he’s letten tha ’t at nowt na mair ’an what thoo sez, its a varra cheeap tak._ 3. Q. _Hez ta ta’en ’em byv t’ yackker or by t’ week?_ A. _Neea, he wadn’t be on byv t’ week, seea Ah’ve ta’en ’em byv t’ tak this go._
+Tak+, _v._ 1. To take. 2. To rise to bite, as a fish. 3. To attract. 4. To gain one’s esteem or regard. Ex.—2. _Are tha takkin’ onny?_ i.e. biting. 3. _Wa mun ’ev a bisittle race, hooivver; tha tak t’ best ov owt noo._ 4. _Ah tak tiv him at yance_, i.e. ‘He gained my esteem at once.’
+Tak ho’d+, _v._ To undertake to do, or fill a position. Ex.—_Ah wanted him ti preeach i’ t’ pleeace o’ Tommy, bud he wadn’t be on, he’s shy o’ takkin ho’d._
+Tak in, To+, _v._ 1. To understand. 2. To deceive. Ex.—1. _Gan on, Ah’s takkin ’t all in._ 2. _Noo if thoo taks ma in, Ah’ll traade wi’ tha na mair._
+Takken ti heart+ = Giving way to any affliction.
+Takkin+, _n._ 1. The actual result of labour. 2. A condition, a bad temper. Ex.—1. _Thoo’s gitten a rare takkin; wheear did ta catch ’em?_ 2. _Sha’s iv a despert ill takkin._
+Tak off+, _v._ 1. To make fun of, to ridicule, to imitate, mimic. 2. To leave without due notice. Ex.—2. _He niver sed nowt, bud just teeak off._
+Tak on+, _v._ 1. To retake. 2. To re-engage. 3. To get excited. Ex.—1. _Ah’ve ta’en t’ farm on agaan._ 2. _He ga’ ma t’ sack, bud he’s ta’en ma on agaan._ 3. _He did tak on when he gat ti knaw._
+Tak on wi’+, _v._ To engage oneself to another.
+Tak tent+, _v._ To engage oneself to look after, e.g. as a boy keeping crows off the land.
+Tak t’ hig, To+, _v._ To take offence.
+Takt+, _adj._ Acid, sharp to the taste. Ex.—_It’s a lahtle bit ower takt ti mah liking._
+Tak up+, _v._ 1. To become fair. 2. To reform one’s character. Ex.—1. _If ’t dizn’t tak up seean, t’ hay’ll be nut wo’th leading._ 2. _If he’ll nobbut drop drinking an’ tak up, ther’s a seet o’ good iv him._
+Tak up wi’+, _v._ 1. To make friends with another. 2. To become engaged to. Ex.—1. _He’s neean ower neyce whaw he gans wi’, he’ll tak up wi’ onny lass._
+Tale+, _n._ The number agreed upon. Ex.—_Ther dizn’t leeak owt leyke a full tale, Ah s’all coont ’em afoor Ah paay tha._
+Talk+, _n._ Report, gossip.
+Taller-cake+, _n._ Any cake made with the fat from about the kidney of a sheep or beast.
+Taller-craps+, _Vide_ +Craps+.
+T’ ane+, +T’ yan+ = The one of two or more followed or replied to by +T’ other+ or +T’ ither+. Ex.—_Tha wur all feighting t’ ane amang t’ ither._
+Tang+, _n._ The tongue of a buckle.
+Tangle+, _n._ An entanglement, the long fibre of a root, sea-wrack.
+Tangle+, _v._ To entangle.
+Tangly+, _adj._ Slatternly, slovenly. Applied to a slut.
+Tantle+, _v._ 1. To waste time. 2. To play on with. Ex.—1. _Noo set ti wark ez if thoo meant it, an’ deean’t tantle on leyke that._
+Tappy-lappy+, _adv._ Anyhow.
+Tatchy+, _adj._ Sticky, viscous, adhesive.
+Tattling+, _n._ The necessary tackle or equipment of things for carrying out any purpose. Ex.—_He hezn’t gitten onny tattling foor a job o’ yon size_, i.e. neither ladders, ropes, nor scaffolding poles.
+Taum+, _n._ The twisted hair to which the fish-hook is attached.
+Taum ower, To+, _v._ To faint.
+Taws+, _n._ Boys’ marbles.
+Team+, +Teem+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To pour from any vessel. 2. To rain heavily. 3. To empty. Ex.—1. _Team all t’ cau’d tea oot._ 2. _It teem’d doon_, i.e. of rain. 3. _Teeam t’ coals oot at t’ back-side._
+Tea-party+, _n._ A tea meeting given in the village school or barn to raise money for some object.
+Teave+, _Vide_ +Tew+.
+Teea+, _prep._ To. _Vide_ +Till+.
+Teeagle+, _v._ To raise timber from the ground by means of a tripod of strong poles and a pulley.
+Teeak+, _v._ Took.
+Teeals+, _n._ Tools.
+Tell+, _v._ 1. To recognize. 2. To know. 3. To number, to reckon up, to judge. Ex.—1. _Ah c’u’d tell wheea ’t wur ez seean ez Ah clap’t mah een on ya._ 2. _‘Twur good eneeaf ti tell what he wur gahin’ ti saay._ 3. _Gan ti t’ gaate an’ tell t’ sheep ez tha cum thruff._
+Telly-pye-tit+, or +Tell-pyet+, _n._ A tale-bearer.
+Tempesty+, _adj._ Thunderous, blustery, or having the appearance of stormy weather.
+Teng+, _v._ To sting.
+Tenged+, _pp._ Stung.
+Tengs+, _n._ Tongs.
+Tent+, _n._ Attention, care. Ex.—_Tak tent o’ what he saays, noo._
+Tent+, _v._ To look after, to keep watch over. Ex.—_Yan’s tenting craws fur Billy, an’ t’ other’s tenting wur awn coos i’ t’ lonnin’._
+Tetchy+, _adj._ Cross, peevish.
+Teufit+, +Teeafit+, +Tewit+, _n._ The pewit, plover, or lapwing (_Vanellus cristatus_).
+Teugh+, +Teeaf+, _adj._ Tough.
+Tew+, _v._ 1. To toil. 2. To tire and grow weary. 3. To tire by restlessness. 4. To crumple and crease by rough or unskilful handling. Ex.—1. _Ah’ve tewed all t’ daay_, i.e. ‘toiled.’ 2. _Ah’ve gitten ’t deean, bud it’s sadly tewed ma._ 3. _Sha’s tired noo, bud then sha’s tewed on all t’ neet._ 4. _Put ’em doon, thoo’s tewing ’em, whahl tha weean’t be fit ti put on._
+Tha+, _per. pron._ They, thou, and thee.
+Thabble+, _n._ The plug which fits the hole in the milk trough.
+Thack+, +Theeak+, +Theeaking+, _n._ Thatch.
+Thack+, +Theeak+, +Theeaking+, _v._ To thatch.
+Thacker+, +Theeaker+, _n._ A thatcher.
+Thack-bands+, +Theeak-bands+, +Theeaking-bands+, _n._ Bands of straw for thatching.
+Thack-prods+, +Theeak-prods+, +Theeaking-prods+, _Vide_ +Stack-prod+.
+Thah+, _per. pron._ Thy.
+Tharf+, +Tharfish+, _adj._ +Tharfly+, _adv._ Backward, reluctant, shy, bashful, unwilling.
+Thauvel+, +Thivel+, _n._ A stick used for stirring or pushing down the contents of a pan likely to boil over.
+Thee+, _n._ Thigh.
+Theet+, _adj._ Water-tight.
+Them+, _pron._ Those.
+Thick+, _adj._ Very friendly, intimate.
+Thills+, _n._ Shafts of a waggon.
+Think long of, To+, _v._ To be long expectant, weary of waiting.
+Think on+, _v._ To bear in mind, to remember. As an example of redundancy, I heard a woman say, _Noo mahnd an’ think on, an’ deean’t forget ti beear i’ mahnd ’at thoo ’ez ti fetch a pund o’ treacle_.
+Think up+, _v._ To originate, to arrange. Ex.—_Noo it’ll ’a’e ta’en a lot o’ thinking up, will a do leyke yon._
+Tho+, +Thoo+, _per. pron._ Thou.
+Thoff+, _conj._ Though.
+Thrave+, _v._ To thrive.
+Thrave+, +Trave+, +Treeav+, _n._ A stook of corn, or twelve battens of straw.
+Thraw+, _Vide_ +Throw+.
+Threead+, _n._ Thread.
+Threeap+, _n._ A contentious fellow.
+Threeap+, _v._ To maintain pertinaciously, to argue positively.
+Threeap down+, _v._ To overpower by argument.
+Threeap up+, _v._ To refer to bygone mistakes or misunderstandings in an unkindly manner.
+Threeten+, Threaten.
+Three-thrums+, _n._ The purring of a cat.
+Thribble+, _adj._ Treble.
+Thriver+, _n._ Healthy, strong, likely to improve.
+Thro+, _Vide_ +Thruff+.
+Throng+, _adj._ 1. More than usually busy or crowded. 2. Engaged in. Ex.—2. _T’ bairn’s thrang gitting its teeth._
+Throng+, +Thrang+, _n._ Bustle, a great crowd, confusion, excitement.
+Throng deed+, _n._ Excitement over some event, the bustle and confusion attendant on any celebration, tea party, wedding, &c.
+Thropple+, _n._ The windpipe.
+Thropple+, _v._ To strangle.
+Throstle+, +Throssel+, _n._ The thrush.
+Through+, _n._ A lathe.
+Through+, +Thruff+, _prep._ At some time, at intervals. Ex.—_Ah’ll mebbe deea ’t thruff t’ morning. It teeam’d doon thruff t’ neet._
+Through+ or +Thruff with+, _adv._ Finished, complete. N.B. ‘Through’ is also pronounced ‘throwgh’ and ‘thro.’ Ex.—_Ah s’all be thruff wi’ t’ job by ti morn._
+Throughly+, _adv._ Completely, fully.
+Through time+ = In time, gradually, by-and-by. Ex.—_Ah s’all git better through time. If t’ weather ho’ds thoo’ll git deean through time._
+Through, To get+, _v._ To dispose of. Ex.—_Ah’ve fetched t’ coo yam ageean, bud Ah gat thruff t’ sheep._
+Throvven+, _pp._ To thrive.
+Throw+, _v._ To vomit.
+Throw back+, _v._ To have a relapse. Ex.—_He’s warse ti-daay, he’s gitten thrown back a lump sen last neet._
+Throw over+, _v._ To turn over, to upset, to be overturned.
+Thruff+, +Throw+, _prep._ Through.
+Thrumble+, +Thrumm’l+, _v._ To examine the quality of anything by the touch or rubbing action of the finger and thumb.
+Thrumm’l+, _n._ A rope firmly bound round a grooved iron ring.
+Thrummy+, _adj._ Bulky, plump.
+Thrust+, _v._ To push with some force.
+Thrust out+, +Thrussen oot+, _pp._ Projecting forward, bulging, turned out.
+Thumping+, _adj._ Big, large of its kind.
+Thunner+, _n._ Thunder.
+Thwack+, _v._ To administer a sharp blow. Ex.—_Gi’e it a good thwacking wiv a hezzel stick, that’ll fetch t’ dust oot on ’t._
+Thysen+ or +Thysel+, +Thisen+ or +Thisel+, _pron._ Thyself or yourself.
+Ti+, _prep._ To.
+‘Tice+, _v._ To allure, induce. Ex.—_A young widow knows hoo ti ’tice a chap._
+‘Ticing+, _adj._ Alluring, seductive, winning.
+‘Tick+, _Vide_ +Cade+.
+‘Tick+, _v._ To mark off goods or other items, as in an invoice, by placing a small mark against each when called.
+Tiddle+, _v._ To fondle, to finick.
+Tiddy+, _adj._ Small, puny.
+Tidy-betty+, _n._ A guard to prevent the ashes dirtying the hearth.
+Tie+, +Tee+, +Tah+, _n._ A hair band to secure the legs of a cow whilst being milked.
+Tie+, _n._ 1. Obligation. 2. Necessity. 3. Burden. 4. Care. Ex.—1. _Ah’s unner neea tie tiv him._ 2. _Ther’s neea tie fur thoo ti gan._ 3. _Thoo’ll finnd her a despert tie, sen sha lost t’ ewse ov her legs._
+Tied+, +Tahd+, _v._ Obliged, constrained, compelled. Ex.—_If sha’s leyke ti dee, Ah s’ be tied ti gan. He’ll be tied ti drop a bit ower t’ meer. Ah’s nut tied ti deea ’t acoz thoo tells ma._
+Tied, It’s+ = It must, no doubt exists. Ex.—_It’s tied ti be ez he sez. It’s tied ti tumm’l doon wi t’ fo’st gust o’ wind._
+Tiffany+, _n._ Strong, fine-meshed gauze.
+Tift+, _n._ A quarrel, generally of words only.
+Tift+, _v._ To contend.
+Tig+, _n._ A light tap. Ex.—_Ah didn’t hit, Ah nobbut tigg’d him._
+Tiggings+, _n._ A game played by children, the object being to tap each other; the one so touched must then chase the rest until he or she gently taps some other.
+Tightish+, _adv._ and _adj._ 1. Somewhat fast or close-fitting. 2. Lacking means. 3. Difficult. Ex.—1. _It’s varra well putten tigither, bud a larl bit tightish i’ t’ lid._ 2. _Ah caan’t len’ tha ten pund, Ah’s a bit tightish held mysel just noo._ 3. _It’s a tightish fix thoo’s gitten thisen intul._
+Till+, +Tull+, +Ti+, _prep._ To. +Tiv+ before a vowel.
+Tim’ered+, +Weell+, _adj._ Well built.
+Tim’er-toed+, _adj._ A man wearing a wooden leg is said to be timber-toed.
+Timersome+, _adj._ Nervous, apprehensive of danger.
+Ti morn+, _n._ To-morrow.
+Ti morn at morn+ = To-morrow in the morning. Hence +Ti morn at neean+, ‘noon’; +Ti morn at neet+, ‘night.’
+Tinkler+, _n._ A tinker.
+Tip-trap+, _n._ An arrangement which closes the door, owing to the weight of the animal releasing a lever as it passes in.
+Tipe+, _v._ To turn over, or fall over.
+Tipple over+, _v._ To fall over.
+Tipple-tail-over+, _n._ Somersault.
+Tit up+, _v._ To pay one’s share.
+Tite+, _Vide_ +As tite+.
+Titter+, _adv._ and _adj._ Sooner, first, willingly.
+Titterly+, _adj._ Early, forward in growth.
+Titty+, _n._ The mother’s milk.
+Tiv+, _Vide_ +Till+.
+Tivvy+, _v._ To roam about.
+To+, _prep._ Often used instead of ‘for.’ Ex.—_We’re gahin’ ti ’ev dumplings ti dinner._ Common in old writers and the Bible.
+Toft+, _n._ A small grove of trees.
+Tommy-loach+, _n._ The stone-loach.
+To’n+, _n._ A good turn = a kindness. Ex.—_They’ll deea onnyboddy a good to’n, will John an’ Annie._
+To’n+, _v._ To turn.
+Toon+, _n._ A village.
+Toon street+, _n._ The village street.
+Top-dressin’+, _n._ Manure thrown on, not ploughed in.
+Topping+, _n._ A natural standing-up roll or curl on the forehead, the hair of the head. Ex.—_Sha teeak him byv t’ topping an’ shuvved him inti t’ hollin bush._
+Topping+, +Topper+, _adj._ First-class, very fine.
+Tottering+, _adj._ Unsettled as to weather and life. Ex.—_It’s been nobbut a tottering tahm fur hay. He’s nobbut ’eving a tottering tahm on ’t; Ah doot he’s nut lang fur here._
+Tottle+, _v._ To toddle, as a child or an infirm person.
+Tottling+, _pp._ Falling.
+Touchous+ } _adj._ Irritable, resentful. +Touchy+ }
+Touple+, _v._ Another form of +Tottle+. To sway or totter and then fall over. +Whemm’l+ carries the same double meaning, but is rarely heard now. To fall.
+Trail+, _v._ To drag along the ground. 2. To move with difficulty, or lazily. Ex.—_Hoo that lass diz trail aboot. Ah can hardlin’s trail yah leg efter t’ other._
+Trailtengs+, _n._ A gossiping woman.
+Trailtripes+, _n._ A slatternly woman.
+Trallops+, _n._ A slatternly woman.
+Tramp+, _n._ and _v._ A beggar; to go on foot.
+Tramping+, _part._ Trampling.
+Trap+, _v._ To be severely nipped, as by a box-lid falling on one’s finger, and the like.
+Trapěs+, _n._ A dirty, untidy woman.
+Trapes+ or +Trapus+, _v._ To walk aimlessly about hither and thither.
+Traps+, _n._ Belongings. Ex.—_Pack thi traps up an’ cum alang._
+Trash+, _n._ Good for nothing, either of persons or things.
+Travel+, _v._ To walk, to move along. Ex.—_Theease steeans mak it bad travelling._
+Trig+, _v._ To fill. As a _noun_, a stone to stop a wheel.
+Trigger+, _n._ One who feeds the cattle. NOTE.—Only used in the east of the North Riding.
+Trim+, _v._ To cut a hedge, to apply the finishing touch.
+Trimmer+, _adj._ Really good, first-class. _n._ A sharp fellow.
+Trimm’ling-gess+, _n._ Trembling grass.
+Trod+, _n._ A footpath.
+Troll+, _v._ To roll.
+Troll-egg day+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Trollibobs+, _n._ Entrails.
+Trunking+, _n._ The business of lobster and crab catching.
+Tu’n+, _Vide_ +To’n+.
+Tundish+, _n._ A funnel.
+Tup+, _n._ A ram.
+Turve+, _n._ A block of turf to be used as fuel.
+Turve-cake+, _n._ A cake baked in a pan having a tightly fitting lid, which is covered over with burning turves until sufficiently baked.
+Twadgers+, _n._ A gingerbread cake.
+Twangy+, _adj._ and _adv._ Affected, applied to intonation.
+Twank+, _v._ To administer a sharp smack, to whip.
+Twattle+, _n._ Gossip.
+Twattle+, _v._ To stroke, to pet. Ex.—_Thoo twattles on wi’ t’ pup ez if ’twar a bairn._
+Tweea+, _num. adj._ Two.
+Twill+, _n._ A quill, as ‘twill pen.’
+Twilt+, _n._ A bed-quilt.
+Twilt+, _v._ To beat, to flog.
+Twilting+, _v._ Cross-stitching two thicknesses together.
+Twine+, _v._ 1. To twist or turn from a direct course. 2. To be fretful. Ex.—1. _He twisted an’ twin’d uz aboot whahl Ah didn’t knaw wheear wa war._
+Twiny+, _adj._ Peevish.
+Twisty+, _adj._ Cross, fretful.
+Twitch-bell+, _n._ The earwig (_Forficula auricularia_).
+Twitters+, _n._ A state of nervousness.
+Tyaak+, _Vide_ +Teeak+.
+Tyke+, _n._ A disreputable fellow; the name given to a Yorkshireman.
U.
+‘Ud+, Would.
+Udge+, _v._ To urge.
+Un+, One. Ex.—_Sha’s a good un_, i.e. ‘She is a good one.’
+Unbated+, _adj._ Not repressed.
+Unbeknown+, _adj._ Not known.
+Unbethink+, _v._ To call to mind.
+Uncomeatable+, _adj._ and _adv._ Difficult to approach or get at.
+Underdraw+, _v._ To cover with lath and plaster.
+Underhanded+, _adj._ Undersized, poorly developed.
+Underling+, _n._ A stunted, weakly child.
+Undermind+, _v._ To undermine.
+Ungain+, _adj._ Distant, difficult of access, awkward. Ex.—_It’s sik an ungain spot ti finnd, is yours._
+Unmenseful+, _adj._ Unbecoming, unseemly, ill-mannered.
+Unreave+, _v._ To unwind.
+Unsayable+, _adj._ Not amenable to advice, self-willed.
+Unslot+, _v._ To unfasten by pulling back the slot or bolt.
+Unsteck+, _v._ To unfasten and push open.
+Up, To speak+, _v._ To speak aloud, to defend oneself against an unjust charge.
+Up with+ = The matter with. Ex.—_What’s up wi’ t’ bairn?_
+Upbray+, _v._ To upbraid.
+Upend+, _v._ To set on end, to stand upright.
+Upgang+, _n._ A pathway up a hill or mountain.
+Upgrown+, _adj._ Adult.
+Uphold+, +Upho’d+, _v._ 1. To maintain, to give one’s unqualified support. 2. To provide those things necessary for a person’s welfare, to sustain. Ex.—1. _Thee gan on wi’ ‘t, Ah’ll upho’d tha iv all thoo d’z, ’coz thoo’s i’ t’ reet on ’t._ 2. _It’ll tak summat ti uphold t’ waay ’at he’s gahin’ on, i.e. living._
+Upset-price+, _n._ The marked price at which an article is offered for sale.
+Upset wiv+, _adj._ Put out, disconcerted, worried. Ex.—_Ah nivver war sae upsetten wiv owt ez Ah war when t’ au’d meer deed._
+Upshot+, _n._ Final issue, the conclusion of anything. Ex.—_An’ t’ upshot on ’t war ’at he gat hissel weel bunched._
+Use, To no+ = Useless, unprofitable, worthless.
+Use ti c’u’d+ = Once was able.
+Us+, _adv._ and _conj._ As. _Vide_ +Es+.
V.
+Varra+, _adv._ Very. _Vide_ +Very+.
+Vast+, _n._ and _adj._ A large number. Ex.—_A vast o’ fooak cam ti t’ feeast. Ther wur a vast mair bosses ’an Ah aim’d ti see._
+Verser+, _n._ A rhymster.
+Very+, _adj._ An intensive. Ex.—_Thoo maay slavver on, varra few ’ll pay onny heed ti what thoo sez. Aye, a varra deeal o’ what he sez is o’ varra larl matter tiv onnybody._
+Vessel cups+ = Wassail cups.
+Viewly+, +Viewsome+, _adj._ Pleasing to look at, handsome, neatly and well put together. Ex.—_It’s a varra viewly cauf. Sha’s a varra viewly lass._
+Volumous+, _adj._ Large, bulky. Ex.—_It’s a maist volumous consarn, yon is. Ah deean’t tak ti sike volumous things._
W.
+Wa+, _pron._ We.
+Wad+, _v._ Would.
+Wade+, _v._ To glimmer, as the sun does when rising if the atmosphere is charged with moisture. Ex.—_It’ll rain afoor neet, t’ sun waded sadly ez sha peeped ower Rosberry._
+Waff+, _n._ 1. A slight puff of wind. 2. The slightest scent. Ex.—1. _It’s despert clooase, ther hezn’t been a waff o’ wind ti-daay._ 2. _Noo Ah’ve ’ed yah waff o’ thi silidge, an’ Ah want na mair on ’t._
+Waff+, _v._ To bark as a little dog.
+Waffle+, _v._ To hesitate, waver, to be undecided.
+Waffly+, _adj._ 1. Undecided, wavering, vacillating. 2. Shaky, insecure. 3. Weak, dizzy, from illness. 4. Given to foolish talk, chatter, &c. Ex.—1. _T’ wind’s all roads, it’ll nobbut be a waffly sooart ov a daay. It’s a varra waffly gahin’ on._ 2. _Thoo’d best prop it up wi’ summat, it leeaks a bit waffly._ 3. _Liggin’ i’ bed sae lang maks yan feel a bit waffly._ 4. _Ah reckon nowt ov her waffly waays._
+Waffy+, _Vide_ +Wauf+.
+Waft+, _n._ A slight puff of wind; a wraith, the appearance in the spirit form of some known one whose death is imminent.
+Wag+, _v._ To beckon with the finger or hand. Ex.—_Ah wagg’d on him, bud he w’u’dn’t cum._
+Wage+, _v._ To induce by promise of payment. Ex.—_Ah c’u’dn’t wage him ti staay efter he’d seen Mally’s waft._
+Wahnt+ = Was not, were not.
+Wain+, _n._ A wagon.
+Wain hoos+, _n._ Wagon shed.
+Wait of+ } +Wait on+ } _v._ To wait for.
+Wake+, +Waak+, _adj._ Weak.
+Wakken+, _v._ To awake, _active_ and _neuter_.
+Wakkensome+, _adj._ Easily roused.
+Wale+, +Weeal+, +Wheeal+, _v._ To flog with a stick.
+Waling+, +Weealing+, _n._ Planks so fixed as to strengthen the bank of a river.
+Walk with+, _v._ To court, to be engaged. Ex.—_Sha’s gi’en Tom t’ go-by, an’ walks wi’ t’ young gardener noo._
+Walsh+, _adj._ Watery, without flavour.
+Wame+, +Wheeam+, _n._ The stomach.
+Wan+, _v._ Won.
+Wangle+, +Wankle+, _v._ To totter preparatory to falling, or to totter so as to have the appearance of falling. Ex.—_Leeak oot! cum back! sha’s startin’ ti wang’l._
+Wangle+, +Wankle+, +Wankly+, _adj._ Tottering. Ex.—_T’ larl brigg’s a wankly consarn._
+Want+, _v._ Its use is somewhat curious, e.g. _Does this book want changing?_ i.e. ‘Is this book to be changed?’ _I want my coat brushing_, i.e. ‘I wish my coat to be brushed.’ _Thoo wants a good thrashing_, i.e. ‘You deserve,’ &c. _He hezn’t gitten mair ’an he wanted_, i.e. ‘He has not got more than he deserved.’
+Wap-cloth+, _n._ Coarse cloth for pilot coats.
+War+, +Waur+, +Wor+, +Wur+, +Wuz+, _imp. tense_ of ‘to be.’ Was or were.
+Warbels+, _n._ Swellings on the back of a beast, caused by the larvae of the gadfly (_Oestrus bovis_).
+War-days+, _n._ Any day save Sunday.
+Wards+, A common suffix signifying direction. Ex.—_He war cumin’ fra Newton-wards._
+‘Ware+, _v._ Beware.
+Ware+, _v._ To lay out one’s money, to spend. Ex.—_He awlus wares his brass ez if he meant ti git fowr penno’th o’ stuff fur a threpenny bit._
+Wark+, _v._ and _n._ Work. Its use is manifold, see below.
+Wark+, _v._ To ache, also as a _noun_. Ex.—_Mah back warks past bahding. Thoo mun wark it_ (arrange it) _seea ez he ’ez ti deea a day’s wark_ (a day’s labour). _That’ll gi’e him t’ back-wark_ (ache). _‘At’ll wark_ (remove) _all t’ warks_ (pains) _’at’s warking_ (aching) _oot on him_.
+Warm+, _adj._ In easy circumstances, well-off.
+Warm+, _v._ To chastise, to flog.
+Warn+, _v._ To summon, to call together, to warn or swear in.
+Warp+, _v._ To flood land with water, either by artificial means or naturally by overflowing during heavy rains, in order that a deposit may be left upon the surface when the water recedes.
+Warridge+, _n._ The withers of a horse.
+Warse+, +Wuss+, +Wees+, _adj._ Worse.
+Warsen+, +Warsening+, _v._ To gradually grow worse. Ex.—_T’ crop warsens ivvery year. Tommy warsens; he’s gahin’ ti pop off if he dizn’t pick up a bit._
+Warzle+, +Wezzle+, _v._ To gain by craft, to cajole, to flatter, to wheedle. Ex.—_Sha’s a queer un, sha can wezzle owt oot o’ ma. He can warzle tha inti believing owt._
+Wastrell+, _n._ An extravagant spendthrift.
+Water-bleb+, _Vide_ +Bleb+.
+Water-brash+, +Water-springs+, _n._ Acidity, heartburn.
+Water-heck+, _n._ A rail or swing gate hung across the stream to prevent cattle from straying.
+Wath+, _n._ A ford.
+Watter+, The common pronunciation of ‘Water.’
+Wauf+, +Waufish+, _adj._ Faint, weak, insipid.
+Wax+, _v._ To grow. Ex.—_He’s a waxing lad that._
+Wax kernel+, _n._ Swellings in the neck and hollow of the jaw.
+Way-corn+, _n._ Oats or barley.
+Way-wards+, _Vide_ +Wards+.
+Ways+, _n._ Way. Used in such sentences as _Gan thi ways heeam. Noo git thi ways in. Cu’ thi ways, honey._
+Wean+, +Weean+, _n._ A female. An opprobrious epithet.
+Weather-fast+, _adj._ Kept in or prevented from carrying out one’s plans owing to stress of weather.
+Weather-gaul+, _n._ The incomplete arc of a rainbow, only half being visible, the sure sign of a coming shower, if not of a bad spell of weather. Ex.—_A dyer’s neeaf an’ a weather-gaul Sheppards warn ’at rain ’ll fall._
+Weazand+, +Wizzan+, _n._ The windpipe. Ex.—_He did shut his tung oot when Ah nipped his wizzan foor him._
+Wed+, _v._ To marry. ‘Marry’ is rarely used in any tense or mood.
+Weearish+, _adv._ Irritable.
+Weeks+, _n._ Corners. I give the word because I know a few old people on whose lips it still lingers, but it is rarely heard now. I heard an old dame not so long ago say to a well-known gossip, _If thoo hed t’ weeks o’ thi mooth stitchen, an’ t’ weeks o’ thi een slitten, thoo’d be yabble ti see t’ muck i’ t’ weeks o’ thi awn hoos, an’ saay less aboot uther fowk_.
+Weetless+, _adj._ Lacking knowledge.
+Wefted, To be+, _v._ To be closely associated with.
+Weight+, +Wite+, _n._ Quantity, &c. Ex.—_There warn’t a gret weight o’ taaties ti year. Neea gret weight o’ rain fell thruff t’ neet._
+Welt+, _Vide_ +Rigged+.
+Welting+, _n._ A sound thrashing.
+Wer+, +Wern+, _poss. pron._ Our, our own.
+Werrick+, _n._ and _v._ A half-smothered laugh; to laugh, to chuckle.
+Wersells+ } _pron._ Ourselves +Wersens+ }
+Wet, To+, _v._ To rain lightly.
+Wet-shod+, _adj._ Wet as to feet, boots and stockings soaked.
+Weyfe+, +Wahfe+, _n._ Wife.
+Wezzel+, _Vide_ +Rezzel+.
+Wezzle+, _Vide_ +Warzle+.
+Whack+, _v._ To flog.
+Whacker+, _adj._ Larger than ordinary.
+Whahl+, _adv._ Until. _Until_, however, is never heard amongst the country people, _whahl_ or _while_ being general.
+Whallack+, _v._ To flog with a stick or strap.
+Whallacker+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Whacker+.
+Whallacking+, _adj._ Very large.
+Whallop+, _v._ To whip soundly.
+Whang+, +Wheeang+, _n._ A thong.
+Whang+, _n._ A sudden and heavy drop, or a blow; a thick slice. Also as a _verb_, to strike a heavy blow.
+Whanging+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Whallacking+.
+Whap+, _n._ A sudden movement, a jerk. Ex.—_He went by wiv a whap._
+Whap+, _v._ To close with a bang; to give a smart tap on the knuckles; to flap, as a wing.
+Whapper+, +Whopper+, _adj._ Huge.
+What for+, +What for not+, _adv._ Why, why not.
+What mud be deean+ = No matter what precaution may have been taken. Ex.—_Ah shuv’d wi’ my back, an’ Billy thrust his hardest wiv a powl, but doon it cam, what mud be deean._
+What one could+, or +‘Ativver he+, +Ah+, or +yan could+ = One’s very best efforts. Ex.—_Ah pull’d ’ativver Ah could pull, bud it war ti neea ewse. Yan did what yan could, bud it war ti larl good._
+Whatten+, _pron._ What. Ex.—_Whatten a tahm o’ daay is ’t? Whatten a sooart ov a thing diz ti call that?_
+Whau+, +Wheea+, _pron._ Who.
+Wheea s’ ow’ ‘t?+ lit. who shall owe or own it, i.e. To whom does it belong? Who owns it? Ex.—_Wheea s’ ow’ ‘t bairn?_
+Whemmel+, _v._ To rock to and fro and then fall over.
+Whewling+, _adj._ Dizzy.
+Whewtle+, _v._ To whistle, to squeak.
+Whidder+, +Wither+, _n._ 1. A rush. 2. A sharp and swinging blow. Ex.—1. _He did gan by wiv a wither._ 2. _Ah’ll catch thee sike a wither aback o’ t’ lug if thoo dizn’t mahnd._
+Whiff+, _v._ To puff in short blasts, as smoke sometimes puffs downwards and into the room.
+Whiffle-whaffle+, _n._ Idle talk.
+Whiffley+, _v._ To trifle, to vacillate.
+Whimly+, _adv._ Quietly, softly. _Vide_ +Whisht+.
+Whimsey+, _adj._ Changeable, unstable.
+Whins+, _n._ The gorse.
+Whipster+, _n._ A doubtful character.
+Whip-stitch+, _n._ A useless fellow.
+Whirken+, _v._ To choke.
+Whisht+, _adv._ Noiselessly, quietly. Ex.—_Them bisittles gans varra whisht._
+Whisht+, _adj._ Silent, noiseless.
+Whisht+, _intj._ Be quiet! Hush!
+Whittle+, _n._ A knife.
+Whittle+, _v._ To shave or slice off with a knife.
+Whizzle+, _Vide_ +Warzle+.
+Whoats+, +Whots+, _n._ Oats.
+Whya+, _intj._ Well. If used at the end of a remark = Very well. Ex.—Q. _Thoo’ll cum on o’ Sundaay?_ A. _Whya._
+Wi’+, _prep._ With. +Wiv+ before a vowel.
+Wick+, _adj._ Living, lively, vigorous. Ex.—_Ah want yan ’at’s wick, nut a deead un. By goa, sha’s a wick un, is yon young miss._
+Wick+, _n._ Life. Ex.—_This bangs all ’at Ah’ve seean i’ mah wick._
+Wicken+, _v._ To gather wickens.
+Wickens+, +Wicks+, _n._ Couch grass.
+Wicken-wood+, _n._ The mountain ash, the rowan-tree.
+Wicker+, _v._ To neigh, whinny.
+Wicks+, _n._ Seedlings of the whitethorn.
+Wicksilver+, _n._ Quicksilver.
+Widdle-waddling+, _v._ To waddle.
+Widdy+, _n._ A young willow shoot.
+Wikes+, _n._ The corners of the mouth.
+Wildfire+, _n._ Erysipelas.
+Win+, _v._ To attain one’s object by considerable effort.
+Wind+, _n._ Information, a hint. Ex.—_Ah gat wind o’ what he war efter. If he gets wind o’ what thoo’s deean, thoo’ll drop in for ’t._
+Wind, To lose one’s+ = To die. ‘Wind’ is often used for ‘breath.’
+Winder+, +Winn’l+, _v._ To winnow.
+Winder+ or +Winn’ling machine+, _n._ A winnowing machine.
+Windle straw+ or +Winn’l streah+, _n._ A dead stalk of straw or grass.
+Winge+, _v._ To threaten to kick (of a horse), to cry peevishly.
+Winter-hedge+, _n._ A clothes-horse.
+Wipe+, _n._ A sharp slap, a hurried rub. Also a _verb_. Ex.—_Ah’ll wipe tha across t’ feeace._
+Wire-ling+, _n._ The crowberry plant.
+Wire-rush+, _n._ The hard rush (_Juncus glaucus_).
+Wit+, _n._ Knowledge. Ex.—_He hezn’t wit ti deea a job o’ that sooart. He show’d mair wit ’an what Ah aim’d foor._
+Wiv+, _prep._ With.
+Wivoot+, +Widoot+, _prep._ Without, unless.
+Wizen+, _v._ and _adj._ To shrivel, to dry up. Ex.—_Sha’s gitten an au’d wizen’d feeace._
+Woomle+, _n._ An auger.
+Wor+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Worral-hole+, _n._ A draught-hole let into the wall through a drain-pipe at the back of the fire, used to burn sea-coal.
+Worn+, _adj._ Exhausted, used up. Ex.—_Ah’s fairly woorn oot wi’ t’ job. Ah gat weary an’ worn afoor t’ daay war spent._
+Worry+, _v._ To kill. Ex.—_Sha’s nobbut a young un, bud sha’s worried a ratten alriddy._
+Worsen+, +Warsen+, _v._ 1. To make worse. 2. To gain the advantage of. _Vide_ +Warsen+. Ex.—1. _Thoo worsens owt ’at thoo puts thi han’ teeea._ 2. _Ah worsen’d him all t’ waay thruff t’ bargain._
+Wostler+, _n._ Hostler.
+Wrang+, _adj._ Wrong.
+Wrecklin+, _n._ The last and smallest of a litter or brood.
+Wringe+, _v._ To whine like a dog, to cry out in pain. Often +Winge+.
+Wrizzled+, _Vide_ +Razzelled+.
+Wrong with, To get+, _v._ To quarrel, to have a misunderstanding.
+Wrought+, +Wrowt+, _v._ To work, to strive. Ex.—_Neea chap’s wrowt harder ’an what he hez. Ah’ve wrowt an’ tew’d all t’ daay whahl Ah’s worn oot._
+Wummely+, _v._ To move in a sinuous manner.
+Wur+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Wurk+, _Vide_ +Wark+.
+Wuz+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Wye+, _n._ A heifer under three years of age.
+Wyke+, +Week+, _n._ A small bay on the sea-coast.
Y.
+Yabble+, +Yabblins+. 1. Able. 2. Maybe, perhaps. Ex.—1. _Thoo’ll be yabble ti deea ’t._ 2. Q. _Will ta leeak in ez thoo passes?_ A. _Yabblins_ (or _Ablins_) _Ah will_.
+Yaccorn+, +Yakron+, _n._ The acorn.
+Yacker+, _n._ Acre.
+Yaffle+, _v._ To mumble, to speak indistinctly.
+Yah+, _num. adj._ One. N.B. +Yah+, unlike +Yan+, is never used singly, but is always followed by a word agreeing with it, e.g. ‘Yah chap,’ ‘Yah tahm.’ Ex.—_Yah daay Ah went wi’ yan on ’em. Yah tahm yan o’ your lads bunched ma. Yan’s shooting yah things, &c._
+Yak+, _n._ Oak.
+Yal+, _n._ Ale.
+Yalhoos+, Alehouse.
+Yam+, _n._ Home. _Vide_ +Heeam+.
+Yam+, _v._ _Vide_ +Aim+.
+Yan+, _num. adj._ and _indf. pron._ One. _Vide_ +Yah+.
+Yance+, _adv._ Once.
+Yance ower+, Once, at that time.
+Yank+, _v._ To thrash, to flog.
+Yap+, _v._ To bark at one’s heels, to talk foolishly.
+Yark+, _v._ 1. To strike with a switch. 2. To pull out with a jerk. Ex.—2. _Thi float’s blobb’d unner, yark ’t oot._
+Yarker+, _n._ The best of a sample. Ex.—_Tak that un, mun, it’s a yarker._
+Yarking+, _n._ A whipping with a switch.
+Yarp+, _v._ To shout, to speak loudly. _Vide_ +Yowp+.
+Yat+, _adj._ Hot. Ex.—_It wur that yat, Ah c’u’dn’t ho’d it._
+Yat+, _n._ A gate.
+Yat-steead+, _n._ The ground covered by the sweep of the gate.
+Yat-stoop+, +Yat-stoup+, _n._ A gate-post.
+Yaud+, _n._ A horse or mare, usually on its last legs.
+Yearn+, _v._ To curdle milk.
+Yearning+, _n._ Rennet.
+Yed+, _v._ To make runs underground, as a rabbit, mole, &c.
+Yedder+, +Yether+, _n._ A young shoot in a hedge, which, being half cut, is utilized to strengthen some weaker part.
+Yeead+, +Heead+, Head.
+Yer-nut+, _n._ The earth-nut (_Bunium flexuosum_).
+Yet+, _adv._ Still. Ex.—_Is t’ wagon here yet?_ would not imply ‘Has the wagon arrived?’ but ‘Is it still here?’
+Yeth+, _n._ Earth.
+Yethwurm+, _n._ The earthworm.
+Yewn+, _Vide_ +Yown+.
+Yocken+, _v._ To swallow greedily.
+Yoke+, _n._ The shoulder-bar by which two pails can be carried with ease.
+Yoke+, _v._ To buckle the harness on the horse to the shafts.
+Yon+, _adj._ and _adv._ That, over there. Used demonstratively of persons and things.
+Yotten+, _Vide_ +Yocken+.
+Youst+, _pp._ Used.
+Yow+, _n._ A female sheep.
+Yowl+, _n._ A plaintive howl.
+Yowl+, _v._ To howl, to cry plaintively.
+Yown+, +Yewn+, +Yuen+, _n._ An oven. Ex.—_Now ’t’s neyce, t’ yuen’s nivver been yat._
+Yowp+, +Yope+, _v._ To cry as a young dog when first kennelled, to speak in a shrill voice.
+Yuck+, A curious usage is attached to this word. At any social gathering in the Cleveland dales, when those assembled have grown excited, some one will shout, _Yuck foor oor deeal_, to which another will instantly reply, _Yuck foor Castleton_, or _Yuck foor_ ——, mentioning his own locality. I fancy in days past it would be given as a challenge; it now carries with it the sense of ‘To cheer,’ or ‘Here’s to our dale.’
+Yuer+, +Ur+, _n._ The udder of a cow.
+Yuk+, _v._ To beat.
+Yuking+, _n._ A beating.
+Yule-cake+, _n._ A rich plum-cake made for Christmastide, and cut into on Christmas Eve.
+Yule-candle+, +-cann’l+, _n._ A large wax candle lighted on Christmas Eve.
+Yule-log+ or +-clog+, _n._ The log burnt on the fire on Christmas Eve.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
It is a fact, and one worthy of all commendation, that every Yorkshireman considers the dialect spoken in the immediate locality wherein he was reared, as being not only the best, but the purest. Doubtless in some cases this is quite correct, but not in all. Contiguity to other counties has a deteriorating influence, which naturally extends across both borders, and is sometimes very far-reaching in its effect. Owing to this and other causes, many of my readers will find the pronunciation of some words, as given both in the Glossary and throughout the work, not quite in tune with the sound in which they daily hear such words uttered. This difficulty presented itself at the very commencement of the work. A rule had to be adopted to obtain something approaching uniformity and conciseness. To accomplish this, area has been chosen; i.e. in all cases in which a word has several pronunciations, those given in the Glossary and elsewhere, so far as the writer knows, are the pronunciations most generally in use throughout the riding. It may be noted, as we approach the West Riding and South Lancashire, that the vowel sounds of _a_, _e_, and _o_ have a growing tendency to broaden in sound, often becoming _u_. This, however, should be carefully guarded against in writing the dialect of the North Riding[113], as there is ample proof that over a very wide area the original sound of eighty years ago was the same as now used in Cleveland. These gradual local alterations form in time what botanists call sports.
Many words in such places are to-day passing through a transitional stage. E.g. let us compare a few words as spoken eighty years ago in two places I well know, viz. Bedale and Great Ayton. The former is much nearer the West Riding than the latter, and very forcibly shows the gradual alteration in pronunciation some words have undergone since 1800.
PRONUNCIATION.
_As used in _As given in │ _As _As pronounced│ the North a Glossary │ pronounced in the │ _Meaning._ Riding, published │ in Bedale, West Riding,│ 1898._ at Bedale, │ 1898._ 1898._ │ 1800._
Chetch Chŭch Church Deear Doour Door To’n Tŭ’n Turn Stor Sturr Stir Fo’st Fust First Ez Uz As Fau’k Fooak Folk Neeaze Nooaz Nose Cleease Clooase Close Ken _or_ Kern Chen _or_ Chun Churn Diz Duz Does Wark Wurrk Work War _or_ Wor Wuz Was _or_ were Ax’d Ast, Assed Asked Clais, Cleeas Clooaz Clothes Deean’t Dooan’t Don’t Fleear Flooar Floor Gahin’ _or_ ganning Bown Bahn Going
The Glossary contains many words common to other dialects[114], especially the folk-speech of North Lincolnshire, Cumberland, Westmoreland, North Lancashire, and East Anglia.
It may be of interest to note over what a wide area the dialect of the North Riding is understood and in the main spoken. As an entertainer, I come in touch with the country people of many places, and I have often been surprised at the quickness with which the various points in my dialect sketches have been seized by those of other counties. Naturally I am able to indulge much more freely, both in dialect and idiom, in some places than in others.
The North and West Riding dialects widely differ not only as to vocabulary, but in drawl and intonation; e.g. take the following sentences:—
NORTH RIDING. Noo, mun, wheear’s ta gahin’ teea? Ah’s gahin’ doon t’ toon.
WEST RIDING. Nah, lad, whor’s ta bahn tew? Ah w’ bahn dahn t’ tahn.
Hear each sentence uttered by men of their respective ridings, and my readers will better understand my meaning than from pages of written explanation. There is also another difference. Whilst many titled people, and members of the best families in the North and East Ridings, can, when they have a mind to, speak the dialect fluently, of only a few of the leading families in the West Riding whom I have met am I able to say the same thing. There seems to be a feeling that in some way it would be _infra dig._ to admit ability to speak a word of their own folk-speech.
Referring to the wide area over which the dialect of the North and East Ridings is spoken, granting without questioning slight variation in pronunciation, the addition of new words, and the loss of familiar ones as we pass along, we find that practically the same dialect exists amongst the country folk inside the following rough boundary line. Draw right-lines commencing at Boston Spa, Lincolnshire, and connecting the following places, Doncaster, Harrogate, Lancaster, along the coast-line to Carlisle, thence to Darlington, Stockton, Middlesborough[115], and along the north-east coast. By so doing you wall in what may be aptly termed, ‘the north-east folk-speech.’ But far over this imaginary line, in certain directions, the dialect is understood and appreciated. This is not surprising when we remember the same races overran and peopled the whole of the country from the Wash to the Tyne and thence north-westward.
They may be easily traced by their place-names—the by’s, thorpes, cliffs, wicks, dales, &c.
But if we compare the folk-speech of the district so walled in, with that of the Danes and their kinfolk, then its Norse origin is seen at a glance. E.g. take the few following words—scores of the like could have been given:—
_North and _Cumberland _Standard East and _Danish._ _Scotch._ English._ Riding._ Westmoreland._
Mowdywarp Mowdywarp Muldvarp Moudie Mole Beck Beck Bæk ... A small stream Lake Lake Lege ... Play Beeal Beel Bjæle ... Bellow Bield Bield Bylja ... A shelter (Swedish) Gah, gan Ga, gang Gaae Ga Go Neeaf Neif Næve Neive Fist Bink Bink Bænk Bink Bench Gliff Gliff Glippe Gliff Quick glance Gesling Gezling Gjæsling Gesling Gosling Gloor Glower Glo Glower Stare Skrike Skrike Skrige Skreich Scream Teeam Teem Toomme Toom (to Pour out empty) Feck, _n._ ability Feckless, Feckless Fik is the Feckless Incapable of _adj._ past tense providing of faa, to for oneself get[116], imp. tense, feck
The Danish, Norwegian, Lowland Scotch, and north-east folk-speech are closely allied. We must not, however, compare the spelling, but the general sound of the words. Take the two first lines of the Danish national song—
DANISH. Kong Christian stod ved hoien mast. NORTH RIDING. King Christian steead byv t’ heegh mast.
DANISH. I’ Rog[117] og damp. NORTH RIDING. I’ roke an’ reek.
Again, take two lines from a poem in Modern Friesic published in 1834. The centre lines are from the poem, with the modern North Riding dialect above and standard English below.
NORTH RIDING. What be’st thoo, leyfe? FRIESIC. Hwat bist dhow, libben? STANDARD ENGLISH. What art thou, life?
NORTH RIDING. Fra t’ scepter’d king ti t’ slaave. FRIESIC. Fen de scepterde kening ta da slave. STANDARD ENGLISH. From the sceptred king to the slave.
For a list of words common to the English, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages, see _Trans. Phil. Soc._ part i. 1858.
Much that is written and spoken at the present day is quite over the heads of our country people. Take the following, from one of our best authors:—‘He who performs every part of his business in due course and season, suffers no part of time to escape without profit. And it is well always to regard the quality rather than the quantity of your work, and bear in mind, if you delay till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day, you overcharge to-morrow with a burden which belongs not to it,’ Our country folk would fully grasp the above if put to them something like the following:—‘Him ’at diz a daay’s wark iv a daay, dizn’t waste his tahm, an’ mannishes ti git a bit foor hissel. An’ yan awlus owt ti aim ti deea t’ bit ’at yan diz deea fo’st-class, mair ’an aiming ti clash thruff a seet o’ wark onny road; an’ think on, if ya lig o’ yah sahd whahl ti morn what ya owt ti-deea ti daay, ya saddle ti morn wiv a boddun ’at it’s neea call ti bear.’
Hah am the rose o’ Sharon and the lily o’ the valley.
In a work kindly lent me by my friend Dr. Johnson of Lancaster, and published some years ago for the Philological Society, the author, quoting from _Latham on the English Language_, gives the above as a specimen of North Riding dialect—nay, more, of Cleveland itself. Surely the writer can never have spent a day in any part of Cleveland, for the sentence given contains but twelve words, seven of which are distinctly not Clevelandic.
The country people, when speaking _naturally_, rarely use the aspirate, except as an intensive. Otherwise they have little use for it. And when ‘H’ is preceded by the definite article, they do not drop it in the sense generally understood; the fact is they cannot well sound it, for this reason—the definite article is ‘t’, ‘the[118]’ being but rarely used. They could not say ‘t’ horse,’ ‘t’ house,’ ‘t’ hamper,’ &c.; with them it is, ‘t’ hoss,’ ‘t’ hoos,’ ‘t’ hamper,’ pronounced ‘toss,’ ‘toos,’ ‘tamper.’
‘The horse is yoked,’ ‘the hamper is in the wagon,’ and ‘the whip is under the wheels,’ as spoken, would sound to unfamiliar ears as if the speaker had said ‘toss is yoked,’ ‘tamper’s i’ twagon,’ and ‘twip’s unner tweels.’
The definite article, to those unaccustomed to our folk-speech, seems to be entirely wanting. Certainly before _b_, _m_, and _n_ it is only very slightly sounded, and it becomes the merest touch of the tongue against the palate when preceding words commencing with _d_ or _t_. ‘Shut the door, the bacon and the beans are on the table,’ would sound to a stranger as though the speaker said, ‘Shut deear, bacon an’ beeans is on table’; the speaker having in reality said, ‘Shut t’ deear, t’ bacon an’ t’ beeans is on t’ table.’
To return, however, to the line from Solomon’s Song, given as a specimen of Cleveland dialect. Let us see what the rendering should have been.
Hah am the rose o’ Sharon and the lily o’ the valley. Ah’s t’ roase o’ Sharon an’ t’ lily o’ t’ valley.
The lower line is North Yorkshire and pure Cleveland, the upper line is said to be so.
It has been remarked that the aspirate is almost unknown—so it is as a letter, but not as an intensive. The aspirate, when misplaced by those speaking naturally, is only used to add greater force. ‘He’s mah henemy foor hivver,’ leaves no doubt that the injury sustained is of an unbridgeable character. Such a sentence, however, holds quite a different place in grammar, too. ‘Hi hallers taike shagar i’ my tea.’ The first example is Yorkshire intensified, minus any adjectives, the first ‘H’ expressing or suggesting some such feeling as implacable, and the ‘hever’ meaning for ever and ever. The latter is the vile and affected speech of the upper circles of Yorkshire flunkeys and maids, who try to improve upon their mother tongue. It holds no place in our folk-speech. It is hateful, and is only indulged in by those of whom the old people say, ‘When they start ti knack an’ scrape ther tungs, what they saay’s nowther nowt na summat,’ i.e. ‘When they begin to talk affectedly, what they say is neither one thing nor another.’
There is one other peculiarity which must be noticed—the possessive case. I should imagine a hundred years ago its disuse was universal in both ridings. My reason for so thinking lies in the fact that in any old books wherein the owners have inscribed their names—and they usually did (books were valued in those days)—the names are never written in the possessive case. It is always ‘Tom Smith book,’ ‘Ann Scott book.’ Even to-day in many places, when speaking, the observance of the case is conspicuous by its absence. E.g. in the Boroughbridge and other districts they would not say ‘Jack Wilson’s dog bit Smith’s calf,’ and ‘Peggy’s cat flew through Nanny’s window,’ but ‘Jack Wilson dog bit Smith cauf,’ and ‘Peggy cat flew throw Nanny window.’ Such sentences as ‘Ho’d t’ hoss heead,’ ‘Pull t’ pig lug,’ and ‘Twist t’ coo tail,’ &c., are still universal in both ridings. The instances in which the possessive is used, and vice versa, are now about equal in the North Riding. The peculiar forms of redundancy are many and curious. ‘Ah nivver at neea tahm sed nowt aboot nowt ti neeabody,’ simply means, ‘I never said anything to any one. I think the following example, which I overheard one Yorkshireman say to another just before the train moved out of Guisborough station, is the finest on record. ‘Whya,’ said he, ‘thoo mun saay what thoo ’ez a mahnd teea, bud think on, thoo knaws, ’at Ah knaw ’at he knaws, ’at thoo knaws ’at Ah knaw, all aboot ivverything ’at’s ivver been deean an’ ‘at’s ivver ta’en pleeace.’ I heard a man say a short time ago, ‘Ah s’ be agate ti git agate ti set agate Tom fo’st thing ti morn at morn’; i.e. ‘Ah s’ be agate,’ I shall be about; ’ti git agate,’ to commence work; ’ti set agate,’ to set Tom to work; ‘fo’st thing ti morn at morn,’ first thing in the morning. Said one to another, ‘Noo Ah’ll tell ya what, hard eneeaf, he war neean ower-suited when he fan oot ’at he’d ’ev ti ’ev ’t ower wi’ ma owther thruff or by. An’ noo when Ah’ve fetched him up ti t’ scrat, he sez ’at he’s putten t’ dog oot o’ t’ road; bud Ah’s satisfied o’ yah thing, t’ dog rave mah britches, an’ Ah s’all leeak ti him ti mak ’em good agaan, foor he ’ez a reet ti owther deea that or ’livver summat up i’ lieu on’t; bud Ah reckon nowt o’ what he sez, an’ that’s t’ len’th on ’t.’ i.e. ‘Noo Ah’ll tell ya what,’ now I assure you; ‘hard eneeaf,’ without doubt; ‘he war neean ower-suited,’ he was not over-pleased; ‘when he fan oot,’ when he discovered; ‘’at he’d ’ev ti ’ev it ower wi’ ma,’ that he would have to talk it over with me; ‘owther thruff or by,’ either one way or the other; ‘an’ noo when Ah’ve fetched him up ti t’ scrat,’ and now when I have made him toe the mark; ‘he sez ’at he’s putten t’ dog oot o’ t’ road,’ he says that he has killed the dog; ‘bud Ah’s satisfied o’ yah thing,’ but I am certain of one thing; ’t’ dog rave mah britches,’ the dog tore my trousers; ‘an’ Ah s’all leeak ti him ti mak ’em good agaan,’ and I shall expect him to replace them; ‘foor he ’ez a reet ti,’ for he ought to; ‘owther deea that or ’livver summat up,’ either do that or give something; ‘i’ lieu on ’t,’ in place of it (them); ‘bud Ah reckon nowt o’ what he sez,’ but I place no confidence in anything he says; ‘an’ that’s t’ len’th on ’t,’ and that is the extent of it.
If the reader masters the abbreviations and elisions facing page 1, the _pons asinorum_ will have been crossed, and the reading of our folk-speech found to be a thing easy of accomplishment and a delightful acquisition.
It will be well to remember, when reading aloud, that a consonant with an elided vowel must be joined either to the word preceding or following, as ’t’ hoss,’ ’t’ hens,’ ‘t’ wax,’ the horse, the hens, the wax, which would be pronounced ’toss,’ ‘tens,’ ‘twax.’ Again, ‘Sha’s i’ t’ sulks’ would be ’shas it sulks,’ and ‘Oot wi’ ‘t, put tane ti t’ ither,’ would be rendered as ’oot wit, put tane ti tither,’ ‘Ah’ve deean noo, t’ ink’s ommaist dhry i’ mah pen, seea this’ll ’a’e ti be
T’ LAP UP ON ‘T.’
OXFORD: HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
FOOTNOTES:
[1] ‘Nothing is the same.’
[2] Ask.
[3] Before retiring to rest the older and more superstitious look round to see if there is a shadowless head thrown on the wall; should any one cast such a shadow, it is held they will die ere next Christmas Eve comes round.
[4] In many of our dales on Christmas morn, no one will leave the house until some one brings luck in by crossing the threshold with a bit of green in their hand.
[5] Also called Pace-egg. The Danish word is Paaskeaeg.
[6] The small stack often seen in our churches at a harvest thanksgiving is a survival of the mell doll.
[7] The stang was ridden at Thoralby, Wensleydale, as recently as October, 1896.
[8] The pole was a stang or cow-staff.
[9] The original was most kindly lent to me by the Lady of the Manor, Mrs. Chaloner.
[10] A three-legged race. In this there was nothing unseemly, for a long way into this century the skirts worn came but little below the knee. Bear in mind, both in launching and beaching their husband’s or father’s boat, the women and girls of to-day often rush up to the waist in the sea to lend a helping hand.}
[11] Some explanation is needed to make this task understandable. A large basket (probably a wide creel) had a strong pole thrust through the wicker-work or handles improvised for the occasion; each end of the pole was then rested upon some suitable support, leaving the basket free to swing about a foot from the ground. On each support and near to the pole a shell or other light object was placed. The thing to be done would not be easy of accomplishment. Those contending for the prize had in turn to seat themselves astride of the pole with both feet inside the basket; thus seated, and firmly grasping the pole with one hand, they had to knock off the shell with a stick (which in the meantime they used to steady themselves with), then turn round, reseat themselves, knock off the other shell, and then get out without overbalancing. You try it, but have something soft to fall upon. It is marvellous how soon it is the next person’s turn.
[12] Thirty years ago it was common.
[13] The details of the plate-throwing vary slightly in different localities.
[14] In some parts it was customary for the winner, after having removed the garter, to enter the bridal chamber, turn down the bed clothes, and offer to the bride a hot pot as she entered to remove her bridal attire, and then salute her; did he omit the latter, he forfeited the garter.
[15] I gather from a diary, dated 1625, which has been kindly sent to me as I am correcting my proof sheets, that originally it was the bridegroom’s duty to tie on the bridal garters.
[16] Lusty.
[17] Sound of wind.
[18] The story was given me by an eye-witness.
[19] Only when returning were the guns discharged as a rule.
[20] Each in turn slipped the garter over his glass on to his wrist. The garters were nearly a yard long; as used above, the ends were tied together to form a loop.
[21] A native of Exelby.
[22] It would seem these two often worked their charms in company.
[23] I have no knowledge as to the meaning of these two words; their real pronunciation may have been lost, or perhaps they are simply cant words.
[24] My own opinion is that ‘R. H.’ was William Hird’s father, though he never admitted it.
[25] The garland consisted of two hoops intertwined, decorated with white paper flowers and ribbons, in the centre of which was a white glove, often home-made, of paper or fine linen, upon which was written or worked in some fine stitch the initials or name in full and age of the deceased. According to locality this garland was either carried in front of the coffin by one of the deceased’s dearest companions, or laid upon it. This custom might well have been retained.
[26] And many other places in Cleveland.
[27] The author is quite aware some other writers state that the fire is never allowed to die out whilst the corpse is in the room. He never knew or heard of such a custom, though possibly such may exist.
[28] In the North Riding, about three miles from Ripon.
[29] _The Gospelles of Distaues_, published by Wynkyn de Worde about 1530, contains the following:—‘If it happen that somebody stride over a little childe, know ye for certain that it shall never grow more, but if (unless) they stride backward over it again. Gloss: Certainly, said Sebylle, of such thing cometh dwarfs and little women.’
[30] Richard Kirby, who gave me the above and several other stories concerning witches, still lives in Carthorpe, near Bedale.
[31] Nanny must have been disguised in some way, at least one would think so, otherwise Mrs. Langstaff would have recognized her at once, both being natives of that part.
[32] Inconvenienced, literally ‘cost.’
[33] Never accomplished his life’s work, i.e. committed suicide.
[34] ‘T au’d un,’ or the old one = the devil.
[35] Possibly this meant the longer he waited there, the longer he would remain in the river.
[36] Boyes Wetherell lost his wife on the birth of their first child, a boy. Boyes tended his bairn with a mother’s love and care, and when the child was four years old, he tramped all the way to London with the lad on his back. Once they slept in a grave; but the journey is a story.
[37] A contemporary of the wise man of Stokesley, but having nothing like the same reputation.
[38] An aperient drink.
[39] A worral hole is a drain-pipe let in the wall immediately at the back of the fire; this is to afford sufficient draught to burn the sea coal which is daily gathered from the beach.
[40] A sucking-pig.
[41] A cant phrase of the time is used in the original.
[42] The devil.
[43] Hand in hand, both touch the floor together. This has already been referred to.
[44] Observe the lack of the possessive case.
[45] The ground covered would be about twenty miles—not bad.
[46] A woman was adjudged the same punishment at Bedale (for a different offence) in the year 1779, also at Thirsk and Northallerton.
[47] For other interesting matter concerning Nan Hardwicke, _vide_ Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[48] Observe rice is now being ousted by confetti, which is much better—rice is so dangerous.
[49] This statement has nothing to do with his private life, only as that of a wise man. ‘De mortuis nil nisi bonum.’
[50] This would be the father of the Mr. Scorer I knew, who for many years lived at Basedale Abbey.
[51] I know that Mr. G. Markham Tweddle holds quite contrary views. His idea is that Wrightson was little better than a huge swindler.
[52] For other authentic stories of Wrightson, _vide_ Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[53] A small four-legged stool.
[54] A hedgehog.
[55] I met a man in the train the other day who said he had often seen them sucking.
[56] Henry Wilson, of Broughton, was a wise man of some repute after Wrightson’s time.
[57] Something like Sadler and Clarke’s method.
[58] The usual time was midnight; this case, so far as I know, is unique.
[59] Accuse openly.
[60] To prepare a ‘hand of glory,’ the hand of a man who had been hanged had to be left for some days in a special kind of pickle; afterwards it was dried in the sun, and then parched in the smoke of certain herbs. A special kind of candle had to be made from certain fats; with this candle lighted and stuck in the dead man’s hand, a hypnotic sleep could be cast upon a whole household. Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[61] There was a marvellous hobman once lived near Ripon, but his deeds some one writing of the West Riding must chronicle.
[62] With slight variation the same story is known in other parts of the riding, also in Lancashire, and is as old as the hills throughout Scandinavia.
[63] A similar story is told of Sir Francis Drake.
[64] See Glossary.
[65] ‘Ower,’ _prep._ over.
[66] ‘Ower,’ _adv._ too; ‘ower’ nearly always takes the place of ‘too.’ ‘Ower mich,’ ‘ower monny apples,’ ‘ower big a load,’ ‘ower larl,’ ‘ower au’d,’ &c.
[67] This peculiarity, even amongst many educated Yorkshire people, of repeating the verb is further illustrated in the concluding remarks at the end of the Glossary.
[68] Thirsty.
[69] Really the same simile, common where otters fish.
[70] Snails.
[71] The name by which the Grammar School boys were known.
[72] I have heard children innocently repeating, as they counted each other out:—
Prest an, pop an, Cock on t’ spire, Holy Alice, Dah mell fire.
Did their parents or teachers but know what the youngsters were really saying, they would be no little shocked.
[73] Staggerum buck, or Staggerer Staggera bobtail, is the name of a boys’ game, very commonly played. ‘Philson,’ ‘Valson,’ and ‘Dickson’ are examples of the elision of the possessive case, i.e. Phil’s son, Val’s son, and Dick’s son.
[74] ‘Knave-a’ became general during the War of Independence—we were a bit out of favour then.
[75] _Vide_ Grimm’s _Household Tales_.
[76] As the children tell the story, they pronounce _crooked_, ‘crook-ed.’
[77] The story in its original form was a prophetic hymn sung by the Jews at the Passover, the animals and elements representing their enemies and deliverers.
[78] Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[79] Knotted hair.
[80] Both pronunciations are equally common.
[81] Walk.
[82] Brow.
[83] Purse.
[84] ‘Trigg’d his wame,’ filled his stomach.
[85] ‘Lair,’ a barn.
[86] ‘Streahy,’ strawy.
[87] ‘Seeat,’ soot.
[88] ‘Clais,’ clothes.
[89] E is used in the original.
[90] Horse.
[91] Should be ‘wae’s t’ me,’ lit. ‘woe is to me.’
[92] Riding apparel.
[93] Well dressed.
[94] Designed.
[95] Mind.
[96] Determined.
[97] False.
[98] Scythe.
[99] ‘Window’ is commonly pronounced _winder_, _winner_, and _windther_.
[100] _At_ is often used instead of _who_, _which_, and _that_.
[101] The _th_ and _dh_ sound, found in so many East Riding words, is not nearly so marked in the speech of the North Riding.
[102] ‘Ya ’evn’t’ and ‘tha ’evn’t’ are not so emphatic as ‘ya’ve nut’ or ‘tha’ve nut,’ &c.
[103] Throughout, save in this example, ‘He’ has been so printed, but without exception its utterance approaches nearer to that of ‘a’ or ‘eh,’ e.g. ‘‘Ez he ta’en ’t fra tha?’ would certainly appear as if the speaker had said ’‘Ez _a_ (or _eh_) ta’en ’t fra tha?’ But to save the reader much needless confusion, _he_ has been retained, though it is rarely heard save at the commencement of a sentence.
[104] ‘Divn’t’ is quite a common form of ‘do not.’
[105] ‘Uz,’ ‘us,’ is often used for ‘me.’
[106] Written _gi’en_.
[107] ‘On,’ prep. ‘of.’
[108] Rod = red.
[109] The old pronunciations of ‘trashing’ for ‘thrashing,’ ‘trepence’ for ‘threepence,’ ‘trive’ for ‘thrive,’ &c., are frequently heard in Cleveland.
[110] Along the borders touching the West Riding ‘Blathery’ is in common use. ‘Bladdry’ it should be.
[111] ‘Come’ is always pronounced ‘cum.’
[112] The same pronunciation is often used in the sense of ‘to lose.’ Ex.—‘Thoo’ll lowse thisel,’ or ‘Thoo’ll loss thisel;’ ‘It’s been a lowsin’ gaame fra t’ fo’st ti t’ last,’ i.e. ‘It has been a losing game,’ &c.
[113] In several instances this rule has been broken, but only to give a correct rendering of the pronunciation as spoken in a particular district to-day.
[114] The term ‘dialect’ is used throughout this work for want of a better word, and to avoid tautology. Our folk-speech is not a dialect, it is a language.
[115] The map issued with the North-Eastern 1_d._ Time-table answers well for the purpose.
[116] Our dialect word _Fick_, which is the _Fik_ given, has three distinct meanings: (1) to struggle under some form of restraint; (2) to strive to obtain; (3) to succeed, to get.
Ex.—1. ‘T’ pig ficked that hard whahl Ah c’u’dn’t git it inti t’ cart,’ 2. ‘He made a poor fick on ’t,’ i.e. he made a feeble attempt. ‘He weean’t mak a fick for ’t,’ he won’t strive to do, obtain, or get. 3. ‘He ficked it at t’ finish,’ he got it in the end.
[117] ‘Roke’ is the common dialectic word for mist or fog. ‘Reek’ is the North Riding word for smoke. ‘Rog’ is the Danish.
[118] ‘The’ is always used before the name of the Deity, and often in conversation of a grave and sorrowful nature.
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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
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ALLISON, Dr. T., 9 Picton Place, Newcastle.
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ANDERSON, TEMPEST, M.D., J.P., St. Agnes-gate, York.
ANDERSON, Major F. H., Fulford, York.
ANDERSON, W., Rimswell, Thornaby-on-Tees.
ARGLES, C. G., St. Clement’s Vicarage, York.
ASHTON, The Right Hon. Lord, Rylands, Lancaster.
B.
BACKHOUSE, C. H., J.P., Darlington.
BARKER, E., Cleveland House, West Hartlepool.
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BARLING, Dr. A. S., Dalton Square, Lancaster.
BARRACLOUGH, W., Swainby.
BAYNES, Alderman JNO., J.P., Ripon.
BEATTY, Dr. H. J., Van Mildert House, Stockton-on-Tees.
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BOWES-WILSON, T., Enterpen Hutton, Rudby (2 copies).
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BUCHANNAN, G., Whitby, Yorkshire.
BURRA, R., The Hall, Gate, Sedbergh.
BURRELL, Miss, Fairthorn, Botley, Hants.
BURTON, Rev. B. C., The Rectory, Cherry Burton, Beverley.
BURTON, D. F., The Hall, Cherry Burton, Beverley (2 copies).
BUTCHER, J. S., M.P., 22 Collingham Place, S.W.
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CADLE, C. E., 5 North Bailey, Durham.
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CARPENTER, Admiral the Hon. W. C., Kipling Hall, Northallerton.
CARTER, Rev. E. S., St. Michael’s-le-Belfry, York.
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CAYLEY, DIGBY, J.P., Brompton, R.S.O. (4 copies).
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CHAPMAN, Mrs., The Cliff, Leyburn.
CHARLTON, W., North Eastern Bank, Durham.
CLARKE, A. F., The Ven. Archdeacon of Lancaster (2 copies).
CLEGG, J., 1 Spring Bank, Preston.
COBB, C., Clifton, York.
COLLIER, Rev. CARUS, Great Ayton.
COLLINSON, S., Royal Hotel, Scorton.
COLLISON, W., 79 Fenchurch St., London.
COMERLINE, Rev. A. S., York.
CONING, T., 28 Bankment, York.
COPER, Rev. J. M. A., Robin Hood’s Bay.
CORNEY, Miss, Newton Hall, Great Ayton.
CRADDOCK, C., J.P., Grove House, Wakefield.
CRUSHER, T., Forest Farm, Scorton.
D.
DALE, Sir DAVID, Bart., West Lodge, Darlington.
DALTRY, The Rev. VERNON G., The Rectory, Yarm.
DAWNAY, Col., The Hon., Benningbrough Hall.
DENT, Miss I., Ribston Hall, Wetherby.
DERBY, Right Hon. Earl, K.G., Knowsley, Prescot.
DIXON, DAVID, Brotton Hall.
DIXON, D. D., Coquetdale House, Rothbury.
DIXON, Sir RAYLTON, Kt., Gunnegate Hall, Cleveland.
DURHAM, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of.
E.
EAVES, Mrs., The Vicarage, Lyminge.
ECCLES, E. E., Fenton House, Lancaster.
EDMUNDSON, C. F. P., Nutwith House, Masham.
ELLERTON, Dr. J., Grove Hill, Middlesborough.
ELLIOTT, C., The Lodge, Scorton.
EMMERSON, J. J., Easby Hall, Great Ayton (4 copies).
F.
FALLOW, T. M., Coatham House, Redcar.
FAWCET, Miss, North Bailey, Durham.
FIFE, Capt., Langton Hall, Northallerton.
FLINTOFF, C., The Grange, Scorton.
FORBES, C. M., 14 New St., York (2 copies).
FOSTER, MARTIN, Claremont, Norton.
FOWLER, Rev. J. C., Whorlton, Northallerton.
FRY, J., Cleveland Lodge, Great Ayton.
G.
GADDESDEN, Mrs., Hunmanby Hall, East Yorkshire (2 copies).
GALLIMORE, J. S., Escrick, York.
GAUSSEN, Rev., The Vicarage, Malton.
GILPIN BROWN, Mrs., Sedbury Park, Richmond, Yorkshire (6 copies).
GISBORNE FAWCETT, T., Yarm (2 copies).
GRAVELY, A. C., Hutton Grange, Guisborough.
GRAY, The Right Hon. Lady Mayoress, York (2 copies).
GREENBANK, THOS., Bank of Liverpool, Sedbergh.
GREENWOOD, Capt., Swartcliff Hall, Leeds.
GREGSON, B. P., The Hall, Caton, Lancaster (2 copies).
H.
HALES, Rev., Aysgarth School, Jervaulx (2 copies).
HAMILTON RUSSELL, The Hon. CONSTANCE, Brancepeth Castle.
HARRISON, W., North Road, Ripon.
HARTLEY, Mrs., The Rectory, Burneston.
HAWKE, The Right Hon. Lady, Wighill Park, Tadcaster.
HAWKINS, C., Sowerby, Thirsk.
HEAD, Mrs. J., Hartburn Hall (2 copies).
HEAVISIDES, J., Stockton-on-Tees.
HEDLAM, Rev. A. W., Gainford (2 copies).
HEPPENSTALL, Rev. F. W., East Layton (2 copies).
HESLOP, R. O., 12 Arkenside Hill, Newcastle.
HILL, Miss, Romanby.
HILL, J., Newport, Middlesborough.
HINCKS, Capt. J. C., Terrace House, Richmond (2 copies).
HORSFALL, E. F. WILSON, Potto Grange (2 copies).
HOWARD, Rev. R. G., Hovingham.
HUDDART, Rev. G., Kirklington.
HULTON, ——, Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster.
HUTTON DARCY, Miss E., Aldborough Hall, Masham.
HULL, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of.
HUNTER, Rev. C., Seaton Carew.
HUNTER, Rev. F. W., Wath.
I.
INGLEBY, Sir H., Bart., Ripley Castle.
IRWIN, Rev. J., Hurworth.
IRVIN, Major, Ragworth, Norton.
J.
JAMES, Rev. F. G., The Rectory, Marske.
JEFFERSON, J., Dunnington Priory, York.
JOHNSON, Dr., Dallas Road, Lancaster.
JOHNSTONE, The Hon. Miss, Hackness Hall (8 copies).
JOHNSTONE, The Rev., Hackness Hall.
JONES, ED., Manor House, Scorton.
K.
KEARSLEY, Col. G., Prospect House, Ripon.
KENNEDY, Mrs., Wetherby.
KING, F. E., Edgley, Leyburn.
KIRK, W., Norton.
KITCHIN, A. E., The Firs, Great Ayton.
KITCHIN, H., The Grange, Great Ayton (2 copies).
KNIGHT, Rev. J. G. P., Eastgate, Darlington.
L.
LANGLEY, W. C., J.P., Stockton-on-Tees.
LASCELLES, The Hon. G. E., Sion Hill, Thirsk (2 copies).
LEADMAN, Dr. ALEX. D. H., Pocklington.
LEE, J. B., The Worshipful the Mayor, Ripon.
LEGARD, J. H., Welham, Malton.
LESLEY, Mrs. A., The Hall, Little Habton.
LEVETT, Rev. T. P., Richmond, Yorkshire.
LOCKWOOD, P. H., Sedbergh.
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LOVEJOY, Rev. H. T., Hamsterley, Bishop Auckland.
M.
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M^CCRIRICK, Rev. T. W., Stockton-on-Tees.
M^CKAY, W., Haldthorpe House, Scarborough.
MELROSE, J., Clifton Croft, York.
METCALFE, R. M. D., Leyburn.
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MITCHELL, Rev. A. P., The Rectory, Brotton (2 copies).
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MOORSOM, M. MAUDE, Harewood, Leeds.
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NELSON, Alderman THOS., J.P., Newstadt, Norton.
O.
ORD, CHAS., Guisborough.
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OXFORD, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of.
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PAGE, J. W., J.P., Norton, Stockton-on-Tees (2 copies).
PEARSON, H., Whitby.
PEASE, A. E., M.P., Pinchingthorpe Hall (2 copies).
PEASE, Mrs. G., Woodside, Darlington.
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PEASE, Sir JOSEPH W., Bart., M.P., Hutton Hall (2 copies).
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PECKSTONE, J., Stockton-on-Tees.
PEEL, The Right Hon. Lady, Potterton Hall, Barnoldswick.
PEGLER, T. B., Sholebrook Avenue, Leeds.
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PLATNAUER, H. M., St. Olive’s Road, York (2 copies).
PLEWS, W. J., Southend End, Northallerton.
POLLEXFEN, Rev. H., Stanwick, Darlington.
PORTER, CHAS., Mill Vale, Great Ayton.
PRINCE, E., Woodhouse Moor, Leeds (2 copies).
PROUD, J., The Hall, East Layton.
PURVIS, R., 6 Westoe Crescent, South Shields.
R.
RAW, Rev. G., 250 Hawthorne Road, Bootle.
REYNARD, Capt., Camp Hill, Bedale.
RICHARDSON, W., Guisborough.
RICHMOND, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of (4 copies).
RIDDELL, E. C., J.P., The Hall, Leyburn.
RIDDELL, Sir J., Bart., The Hall, Hepple, Rothbury.
RIPLEY, Rev. THOS., Kirklington.
RIPON, The Most Noble the Marchioness of.
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ROBINSON, F. J. H., Easingwold.
ROBINSON, Rev. STEWART, The Rectory, Richmond, Yorkshire.
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ROPNER, G., J.P., The Grove, Richmond, Yorkshire.
ROPNER, Col. R., J.P., Preston Hall, Egglescliffe.
ROWCLIFFE, H. S., Guisborough.
ROWSELL, Rev. Canon, Topcliffe.
RUDD, A. G., The Worshipful the Mayor, Stockton-on-Tees.
S.
SALMAN, Rev. J. S., The Vicarage, Lastingham.
SCOTT, Rev. ERRINGTON, The Vicarage, Norton.
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SISSONS, D. W., North Ferriby, Brough.
SISSONS, W., Nunthorpe, Jesmond Park.
SLINGSBY, W., Red House, Moor Monkton, York.
SMITH ALDERSON, G. A., J.P., D.L., Scarborough.
SMITH, E. J., The Bank, Bridlington (4 copies).
SMITH, T. RUDOLPH, 25 Bridge Road, Stockton-on-Tees.
SOMERSON, J., Pocklington.
SPRENT, Dr. W. S., Slingsby.
STANBRIDGE, T., The Hall, Harlsey.
STANNYFORTH, Capt. E., J.P., The Hall, Kirkhammerton.
STARKIE, Miss S., Scarthwaite, Lancashire.
STAVELEY, Miss, Old Slenningford Hall, Ripon.
STIRLING-NEWALL, Mrs., The Hall, Birtley, Durham.
STOBART, ——, The Hall, Spellow Hill (2 copies).
STOBART, Col. W., Pepper Arden.
STOREY, Sir THOS., D.L., Lancaster (2 copies).
ST. QUINTIN, W. H., J.P., Scampston Hall (2 copies).
STRICKLAND, Sir C., Bart., Boynton Hall (2 copies).
STRICKLAND CONSTABLE, Mrs., The Hall, Wassand (2 copies).
SUDLOW, THOS., Stockton-on-Tees.
T.
TATTERSAL, O., Green Royd, Ripon (2 copies).
TAYLOR, J., Brotton Grange, Brotton.
TEMPLE, Miss M., Saltergill, Yarm.
TETTLEY, A., The Right Hon. Lady Mayoress, Leeds (2 copies).
THOMSON, J. S., New Buildings, Thirsk (2 copies).
TINDAL, Miss, Kirby Misperton Hall, Pickering.
TOMLINSON, Miss, Heysham House, Lancaster.
TOMLINSON, Rev. W., Vicarage, North Cave.
TREVOR, W. C., Overbeck, Guisborough.
V.
VIE, E. J., Paradise Row, Stockton-on-Tees (2 copies).
W.
WADE, E. W., 5 Clyde Terrace, Hull.
WADE-DALTON, Col. HAMLET COOTE, C.B., Hawxwell Hall.
WAKEFIELD, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of.
WALDY, Rev. A. G., Horsley Vicarage, Derby.
WALKER, Capt. GERALD, Hill House, Richmond, Yorkshire.
WALKER, Sir J., Bart., 41 Belgrave Square, S.W.
WARD, Rev. H., The Rectory, Amotherby.
WATSON, FRED. BYERS, Stockton-on-Tees.
WATSON, THOMAS, M.D., Argyle House, Stockton-on-Tees (2 copies).
WEST, Mrs., Stoneybrough, Thirsk.
WHITE, Col. W. A., J.P., Clifton Green, York.
WILLAN, Rev. A., The Vicarage, Copmanthorpe.
WILLIAMSON, T., J.P., Fairfield, Ripon.
WILSON, Miss A., Hutton House, Hutton Rudby.
WILSON, Mrs. A., Rockhurst, York (2 copies).
WILSON, I., Nunthorpe Hall.
WILSON, Rev. J. ALDER, Craythorne Rectory, Yarm.
WILSON, J. G., 12 South Bailey, Durham (2 copies).
WILSON, P., Bedale.
WILTON, R., The Rev. Canon, Londesborough.
WIMBUSH, Rev. S., The Rectory, Terrington.
WITHINGTON, Rev. R., Rectory, Great Ayton.
WOOD, F. MAURICE DALE, Swainby, Northallerton.
WOOD, Rev. F., The Rectory, Nunthorpe.
WRIGHT, Professor J., M.A., Langdale House, Oxford (2 copies).
WYNDHAM, Mrs., 31 Cambridge Street, Hyde Park, S.W.
WYNNE FINCH, Mrs., Manor House, Stokesley.
Y.
YEOMAN, Miss C., Prior House, Richmond, Yorkshire.
YORK, His Grace the Archbishop of.
Z.
ZETLAND, The Right Hon. Lord, Aske Hall, Richmond, Yorkshire.