Part 25

Hermanszoon, Wolfert: in 1601 commands a fleet sent to India, 128; attacks a large Portuguese fleet under André Furtado de Mendoça besieging Bantam, ib.; and compels Mendoça to retire, 129; enters into a commercial treaty with the ruler of Bantam, ib.; and with the ruler of Banda, ib.

Holland and Zeeland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II, 79

Hoorn, Count: execution of, 59

Hottentots: dealings with by the first English visitors to South Africa, 40; are seen and described by the first Dutch voyagers to India, 122; disgusting food of, 157

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

Houtman, Cornelis: in 1595 is in command of the first Dutch expedition to India, 121; in 1598 commands another expedition to India, 123; and is murdered at Atchin, 124

Hunebedden: description of, 42

Indian trade: number of Dutch ships engaged in before 1602, 129

Inquisition in the Netherlands: particulars concerning, 49, 53, and 54

Inundation: in 1570 causes terrible loss of life and property in the Northern Netherlands, 60

Invincible Spanish Armada: in 1588 is destroyed, 107

Isabella, Archduchess, daughter of Philippe II: in May 1598 becomes sovereign of the submissive Netherlands, and in April 1599 marries the archduke Albert, 113; on the 30th of November 1623 dies, 152

James I, king of England: for a short time after his accession favours the Dutch, but in 1604 he enters into a treaty of peace and alliance with Spain, 115

de Jonge’s _De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost Indie_: reference to, 122

Jourdain, John: gives an account of his visits to Table Valley in 1608 and 1617, 156, 157, and 164

Lancaster, Captain James: in 1591 visits Table Bay, 41; as admiral of the first fleet fitted out by the English East India Company in September 1601 again calls at Table Bay, 155

Leades, William: travels of, 39

_Leeven en Daden der Doorlughtige Zee-Helden_: reference to, 78

Leicester, earl of: is appointed by Queen Elizabeth lieutenant-general of the English forces in the Netherlands, and on the 19th of December 1585 arrives and assumes duty, 102; conduct of, 102 to 106; in December 1587 leaves the Netherlands, 106

Lepanto: battle of, 82

Leyden: first siege of, 73; second siege and heroic defence of from the 26th of May to the 3rd of October 1574, when the city is relieved by Admiral Boisot, 74, 75, and 76

Liege, province of: particulars concerning, 51, 52, and 154

Lille, with Douai and Orchies, Artois, and Hainaut, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause, 88

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen: in 1583 goes to India in the service of the archbishop of Goa, 118; and remains there until January 1589, 119; after his return to Holland publishes sailing directions, a description of the Indies, &c., which serve as guides for his countrymen, ib.; in 1594 accompanies Willem Barendszoon in his first polar voyage, 117

Louis of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle, 74

Maastricht: siege and destruction of by Alexander Farnese, 91

Madura: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123

le Maire, Isaac: in May 1611 visits Table Bay, 154

Mandeville, Sir John: note on, 38

Manufactures: are driven from the Netherlands by persecution, 54

de la Marck, William: exploits of, 62

Margaret of Parma: in 1559 becomes regent of the Netherlands, 52; administration of, 52 to 58

Massacre of Saint Bartholomew in August 1572: has disastrous effects on the patriot cause in the Netherlands, 65

Matelief, Cornelis: in May 1605 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet, 138; attempts to get possession of Malacca, but without success, ib.; builds Fort Orange on the island of Ternate, and places a garrison in it, ib.; in April 1608 calls at Table Bay on his homeward passage, and remains there till June, 139

Matthias of Hapsburg: in January 1578 becomes nominally governor-general of the Netherlands provinces on the invitation of a party of nobles, but has no real power, 86; in 1581 returns to Germany, 93

Maurits of Nassau, second son of William prince of Orange: in 1584 commences his career, 98

Mechlin: a court of appeal for all the provinces is established here by the duke of Burgundy, 46; ferocious treatment of the city by the duke of Alva, 65; on the 19th of July 1585 it capitulates to the Spaniards, 100

de Mendoça, André Furtado: in 1601 is in command of a large Portuguese fleet besieging Bantam, 128; when he is attacked by a puny Dutch fleet under Wolfert Hermanszoon, ib.; which forces him to raise the blockade, 129; he causes great destruction at Amboina, ib.; successfully defends Malacca against Cornelis Matelief, 138

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

Michelburne, Sir Edward: in 1605 visits Table Bay, 155

Middelburg: in February 1574 after a long siege is surrendered to the patriots by Colonel Christopher Mondragon, 73

Mondragon, a French corsair: in 1507 seizes a Portuguese ship in the Mozambique channel, 36; in 1509 he is captured by the Portuguese and is taken as a prisoner to Lisbon, ib.; where he manages to make his peace with the king, ib.

Montigny, Baron; murder of, 60

Mookerheyde: disastrous battle of in April 1574, 74

Mossel Bay: is touched at by the first Dutch expedition to India, 122; in 1601 receives its present name from Paulus van Caerden, 126

Motley’s _Rise of the Dutch Republic_, and _History of the United Netherlands to the Twelve Years’ Truce, 1609_: references to, 41 and 78

Mozambique: description of in 1583, 120; is coveted by the Dutch, owing to rumours of the great quantity of gold to be had on the mainland, 135; in June 1604 is attacked by Steven van der Hagen, 136; but in August he is obliged to leave without success, 137; in March 1607 is attacked by Paulus van Caerden, 139; Fort São Sebastião is bravely defended by Dom Estevão d’Ataide, 141; and in May Van Caerden is obliged to abandon the effort to take it, 143; in July 1608 it is attacked for the third time by the Dutch under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff, 144; but in August the siege is abandoned, 147

Municipal Charters: in A.D. 1217 the first of these in the Northern Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland, 45

Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and 111

Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 66

Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and 162

van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of, 124

Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last occupied on the continent of Europe, 42; no traces of palæolithic men are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.; the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy the territory farther north, 43; palæolithic implements in great abundance are found in the southern provinces, 42; which in the earliest historical times are occupied by Celts, 43; at the time of the Roman invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by Celts, and the centre by the two races intermingled, ib.; the country is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the country, 44; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in the south, ib.; in A.D. 785 the conquest of the whole country is completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries, 45; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy, 46; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy, 47; who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name, as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands, 48; this Philippe marries the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces, Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except Liege are under his rule, 49; enumeration of the provinces, 50; in 1555 on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain, 51; under whose rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion against him, 51 et seq.

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

Newbery, John: travels of, 39

Nieuwpoort: battle of, 113

van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round the world, 124 and 125

Nymegen: on the 21st of October 1591 surrenders to the patriots, 109

Ostend: on the 5th of July 1601 is besieged by the archduke Albert, but holds out till the 20th of September 1604, when it is taken by the marquis Ambrose Spinola, 114

Oudewater: in July 1575 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 77

Pacification of Ghent: particulars regarding the, 81

Parmentier, Jean: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37

Parmentier, Raoul: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

Pereira, Duarte Pacheco: in 1509 captures the French corsair Mondragon, 36

Perpetual Edict: particulars concerning the, 83

Philippe II of Spain: in 1555 becomes sovereign of all the Netherland provinces except Liege, 51; his rule is so atrocious that the provinces rise in rebellion, and in October 1575 the states of Holland and Zeeland renounce allegiance to him, 79; on the 26th of July 1581 he is formally abjured by the other provinces in arms against him, 93; on the 6th of May 1598 he transfers the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter Isabella, 112; and on the 13th of September of the same year dies, ib.

Philippe III: in September 1598 succeeds his father as king of Spain, 112

Pirenne’s _Histoire de Belgique_: reference to, 42

Portugal: in 1580 comes under the authority of Philippe II of Spain, 92

Portuguese: before the close of the sixteenth century cease to be progressive, 35

Position of the Dutch in India at the time of the conclusion of the truce with Spain, 149

Protestants: emigration of from the Southern to the Northern Netherland provinces, 98 and 101

Queen Elizabeth of England: in January 1578 commences to assist the patriots in the Netherlands, 85; in August 1585 enters into a treaty with the states, giving them material assistance, 101; on the 24th of March 1603 dies, 115

Rapid advance of the Dutch in India in 1609, 148

Reformation, the: spread of in the Netherlands, 49 and 54

Repudiation of the public debt by Philippe II, 110

de Requesens, Don Luis: in November 1573 becomes governor and captain-general of the Netherlands, 70; administration of, 70 to 79; on the 5th of March 1576 dies, 79

Roe, Sir Thomas: in 1615 visits Table Valley, 166

Romans, the: confer great benefits upon the Netherlands, 44

Scandinavian pirates: plunder the Netherlands, but do not form settlements in the country, 45

Sluis: is besieged, and in August 1587 is compelled to surrender to the Spaniards, 105; in August 1604 is recovered by the patriots, 115

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

Sonoy, Diederik: atrocious conduct of at Alkmaar, 77

Spanish Fury of Antwerp: account of, 80 and 81

Spanish troops: mutinies of, 74 and 113

van Spilbergen, Joris: in 1601 commands an expedition sent to India, 127

Spinola, the marquis Ambrose: in 1603 becomes commander-in-chief of the Spanish army in Flanders, 114

Stephens, Thomas, an Englishman: in 1579 is rector of the Jesuit college at Salsette, 38

Story, James: travels of, 39

Sumatra: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123

Synod of the Reformed churches: in 1572 the first meets at Hoorn; in 1578 the second meets at Dordrecht, 87

Table Bay: in 1601 receives its present name from Joris van Spilbergen, 127

Terry’s _Voyage to India_: references to, 163 and 166

Teutonic tribes: overrun the Netherlands, 44

Treaty of alliance between England, France, and the seven United Provinces of the Netherlands: on the 31st of October 1596 is entered into, 111; from which in May 1598 Henry IV of France withdraws, 112; on the 16th of August 1598 a new treaty of alliance is entered into between England and the free Netherlands, 112

Truce for twelve years between Spain and the Netherlands: on the 9th of April 1609 is signed at Antwerp, 151

Turnhout: rout of a Spanish army at, 111

Union of Brussels: particulars concerning the, 82

Union of Utrecht: particulars concerning the, 89 and 90

United Netherlands, republic of the: territory of in 1609, at the time of the twelve years’ truce, 151 and 152

Utrecht, bishopric of: is founded by Charlemagne as a fief, 44; in 1579 ceases to exist, 89

Valenciennes: in 1567 is reduced to submission to Philippe II, 56

Valentijn’s _Oud en Nieuw Oost Indien_: reference to, 122

Variation of the compass: mention of, 123 and 124

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

Verhoeff, Pieter Willemszoon: in December 1607 sails from Holland for India as admiral of a very powerful fleet, 144; and in July 1608 makes an attack upon Mozambique, ib.; but in August is compelled to abandon the effort to get possession of Fort São Sebastião, 147; barbarity of after the great victory in Gibraltar Bay, 151; in May 1609 he and twenty-nine others are murdered on the island of Neira, 148

van Waerwyk, Wybrand: in June 1602 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet, 134; in August 1603 establishes a permanent factory at Bantam, 135; which for several years is regarded as the Dutch head quarters in the East, ib.

de Weert, Sebald: in March 1602 is admiral of the first fleet sent out by the Dutch East India Company, 134; visits Ceylon and makes an agreement of friendship with the ruler of Kandy, ib.; but commits the great error of offending the religious feelings of the Cingalese, ib.; with the result that he and forty-six others are surprised when on shore and are all put to death, 135

William, prince of Orange: is appointed by Philippe II stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, 52; becomes the very soul of the struggle of the provinces for liberty, 52 to 97; on the 15th of March 1580 is declared an outlaw by Philippe II, and a great reward is offered to any one who takes his life, 92; on the 10th of July 1584 is murdered at Delft, 97

Zeeland and Holland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II, 79

Zierikzee: in June 1576 is besieged and taken by the Spaniards, 78

Zutphen: treatment of by Don Frederic de Toledo, son of the duke of Alva, 66; in September 1583 it is betrayed to the Spaniards, 96; on the 23rd of May 1591 it is recovered by the patriots, 109

Zuyder Zee: is formed in the thirteenth century of our era, 43

SKETCH III.

van der Aa’s _Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden_: references to, 173 and 250

Appel, Ferdinandus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; further mention of, 246

Arboriculture: instructions of the directors concerning, 188; which are carried out by the governor, ib.

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

van Assenburgh, Louis: is appointed to succeed Willem Adriaan van der Stel as governor, 241; in January 1708 arrives and assumes the duty, 246

Bek, Rev. Hendrik: in May 1702 becomes clergyman of Drakenstein, 198; in April 1707 is transferred to Stellenbosch, 200

Bogaert, Abraham: takes charge of the document containing the complaints of the burghers, 228

Bogaert’s _Historisch Verhaal_: reference to, 211

le Boucq, Rev. Engelbertus: account of, 199

van Brakel, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and 242

Bushmen: particulars concerning, 188, 194 et seq.

van der Byl, Pieter: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; further mention of, 246

Charges against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: list of, 221

Church building: in January 1704 the first in Capetown is opened for use, 198

Cloete, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Colonists: at the beginning of the eighteenth century are rapidly increasing in number, 204

Company’s garden in Capetown: particulars concerning, 190

Condition of the Cape settlement when Willem Adriaan van der Stel becomes governor, 181

Constantia farm: on the 13th of July 1685 is granted to Commander Simon van der Stel by the lord of Mydrecht, 179

Conterman, Hans Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

Corruption: at the beginning of the eighteenth century is generally prevalent in the East India Company’s service, 205; means adopted to prevent it, 206

Council of Policy: during the administration of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel meetings are only held at long intervals, 215

Drakenstein: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177

Du Bois’s _Vies des Gouverneurs Generaux_: reference to, 173

Dutch and German settlers: are sent to South Africa from 1700 to 1707, when emigration is stopped, 185

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

Ecclesiastical matters: particulars concerning, 197 et seq.

Effect of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel’s tyranny in blending the Dutch and French sections of the community, 249

Elberts, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Elberts, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Elsevier, Samuel, the secunde: is in illegal possession of a tract of land near Klapmuts, 216; is charged by the burghers with carrying on farming and neglecting his duty, 222; is dismissed from office by the directors, and in April 1708 leaves the colony, 247

Expedition to Natal in 1705: account of, 202

Extent of the Cape settlement when Simon van der Stel becomes commander, 177

Fouché, Professor Leo: copies and publishes portions of the journal of Adam Tas, 183

French Hoek: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177

French language in South Africa: particulars concerning, 198

Goodwin, Vaughan, an Englishman: in 1705 is found living at Port Natal, 202

Grazing farms: occupation of, 193

Grevenbroek, Jan Willem: mention of, 218

van der Heiden, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

van der Heiden and Tas’s _Contra Deductie_: references to, 210, 218, 219, and 248

Hertog, Jan, the Company’s master gardener: is in charge of Vergelegen, 210

Hottentots: particulars concerning, 195 and 221; trade with by colonists is prohibited from 1658 to 1699, 191; is then thrown open by the directors, 192; but in 1703 is again forbidden, 196

Huguenot settlers: are sent out in small numbers until 1700, when the directors resolve not to send any more, 184

Huguenots: are in a difficult position in the countries that shelter them, 184

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

Huising, Henning: in 1700 enters into the first contract to supply meat to the East India Company, 192; treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; is well treated by the directors, 246; further mention of, 247

Inducements to migrate to South Africa at the beginning of the eighteenth century, 185

Islands of Dina and Marseveen: search for, 188

Kalden, Rev. Petrus, clergyman of Capetown: is in possession of a farm, 216; is charged by the burghers with spending too much time on it and neglecting his duty, 222; is recalled by the directors, and in April 1708 leaves the colony, 247

Kolbe’s _Caput Bonæ Spei_: reference to, 173

van Loon, Rev. Hercules: in April 1700 becomes clergyman of Stellenbosch, 197; in June 1704 commits suicide, 199

Louw, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229 and 242

Marauding band of Europeans and Hottentots: account of, 200

Mauritius, island of: is uninhabited when the Dutch East India Company sends a small party of men to take possession of it, 171

van Meerland, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

_Meresteyn_, the: in April 1702 is wrecked on Jutten Island, when many lives are lost, 200

Meyboom, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

Meyer, Pierre: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Natal: in 1705 an expedition is sent to, 201

Newlands garden: in 1700 is planted by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 191

van Niekerk, Cornelis: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Obiqua mountains: reason for being so called, 189

[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]

du Pré, Hercules: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and 242

Pretorius, Wessel: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

van Rheede, Hendrik Adriaan, lord of Mydrecht: is sent out by the directors with all the powers of a dictator to correct abuses in Hindostan and Ceylon, and has supreme authority conferred upon him while at the Cape, 177; from the 19th of April to the 16th of July 1685 he is in Capetown, 178; and three days before he leaves makes a grant to Commander Simon van der Stel of the farm Constantia at Wynberg as a reward for his good conduct, 179

Roman Catholics: position of in the Cape Colony under the Dutch government, 182

Rotterdam, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; account of his return from banishment, 233

Saar’s _Account of Ceylon_: extract from, 174

de Savoye, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Scarcity of timber and fuel at the Cape in 1699: mention of, 187

Seasons, the: from 1698 to 1705 are unfavourable for farming, 204

Sheep’s wool: efforts to produce in South Africa in the beginning of the eighteenth century, 203

Silk: experiment in the production of, 204

Slaves: are being introduced from Madagascar and Mozambique, 205

Spoelstra’s _Bouwstoffen voor de Geschiedenis der Nederduitsch-Gereformeerde Kerken in Zuid Afrika_: reference to, 217

van Staden, Martin: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Starrenburg, Jan, landdrost of Stellenbosch: conduct of, 224; by order of the directors he is dismissed from office and sent out of the colony, 243

van der Stel, Adriaan: in 1623 goes to India in the service of the Dutch East India Company, 171; in 1638 becomes commander of the island of Mauritius, ib.; becomes next a military commander, and in that capacity is sent to Ceylon, 172; on the 19th of May 1646 falls in battle with a Cingalese army, when nearly his whole force is destroyed, 173

[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]

van der Stel, Frans, farmer at the Cape and younger brother of the governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: makes himself greatly disliked by the burghers, 217; is required by the directors to leave the colony, and in April 1708 embarks for Europe, 248