Chapter 93

The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed. Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6. Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.] A small stream. [Scot.] Burn¶aÏble (?), a. Combustible. Cotgrave. Burned (?), p.p. & a. See Burnt. Burned (?), p.p. Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer. Burn¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burnerÿ(Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. Ð Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc. Bur¶net (?), n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zo”l.), in England, a handsome moth (Zyg‘na filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. Ð Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. Ð Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). Ð Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis. Bur¶nettÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnettized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; Ð a process invented by Sir William Burnett. Burn¶ie (?), n. [See 4th Burn.] A small brook. [Scot.] Burns. Bur¶nieÏbee· (?), n. The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.] Burn¶ing, a. 1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery. 2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Eunoymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry. Burn¶ing, n. The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. Ð Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. Ð Burning houseÿ(Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. Ð Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass. Syn. - Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze. Bur¶nish (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnished (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnishing.] [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br?n; cf. MHG. briunen 8make brown, polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars. Bur¶nish, v.i. To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert. Bur¶nish, n. The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw. Bur¶nishÏer (?), n. 1. One who burnishes. 2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses. Bur¶noose, Bur¶nous (?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of highÐcrowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. alÐbornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs. 2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.] Burn¶stic·kle (?), n. (Zo”l.) A stickle?back (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Burnt (?), p.p. & a. Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. Ð Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam.xxiv.22.] Burr (?), n. [See Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1. 2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson. 3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down. 4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping. 5. The lobe or lap of the ear. 6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; Ð often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr. 7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8. Burr (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burred (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burring.] To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning. Bur¶rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurr‚ butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, its smooth, delicious, soft pulp. Bur¶rel, n. Same as Borrel. Bur¶rel fly· (?). [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zo”l.) The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly. Bur¶rel shot· (?). [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourrelerÿto sting, torture.] (Gun.) A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.] Burr¶ing maÏchine¶ (?). A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and otherÿsubstances. Burr¶ mill¶stone· (?). See Buhrstone. Bur¶ro (?), n. [Sp., an ass.] (Zo”l.) A donkey. [Southern U.S.] Bur¶rock (?), n. [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + Ïock.] A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight. Bur¶row (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough. 2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation. 3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse. 4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5. Bur¶row, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burrowed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burrowing.] 1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits. 2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owlÿ(Zo”l.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog. Bur¶rowÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under groundÿand lives in it. Burr¶stone·, n. See Buhrstone. Burr¶y (?), a. Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool. ØBur¶sa (?), n.; pl. Burs‘ (?). [L. See Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences. Bur¶sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs‘. Bur¶sar (?), n. [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery. 2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support. Bur¶sarÏship, n. The office of a bursar. Bur¶saÏry (?), n.; pl. Ïries (?). [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.] 1. The treasury of a college or monastery. 2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. ½No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift.¸ Southey. ØBursch (?), n.; pl. Burschen (?). [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth; especially, a student in a german university. Burse (?), n. [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland. 2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.] 3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use. Shipley. 4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse. 5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play. BurÏsic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform. Bur¶siÏform (?), a. [LL. bursa purse + Ïform.] Shaped like a purse. ØBurÏsi¶tis (?), n. [NL., fr. E. bursa + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a bursa. Burst (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burst; p.pr. & vb.n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b‘rst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especiallyÿto a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; Ð usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

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