Chapter 91

ØBun¶desÏrath· (?), n. [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy + rath council, prob. akin to E. read.] The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called. µ The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixtyÐtwo members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments. By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, Ð the Bundesrath Ð is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J.P.Peters (Trans.Mller's Pol. Hist.). Bun¶dle (?), n. [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel, G. bndel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.] A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale. Bun¶dle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bundled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bundling (?).] 1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. 2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T.Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. Ð To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously. Bun¶dle, v.i. 1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony. 2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; Ð applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages of eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W.Irving. Bung (?), n. [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout, OGeal. buine.] 1. The large spotter of the orfice in the bilge of a cask. 2. The orfice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole. 3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You gilthy bung, away. Shak. Bung, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bunged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bunging (?).] To stop, as the orfice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; Ð with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote). Bun¶gaÏlow (?), n. [Bengalee b¾ngl¾] A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda. [India] ØBun¶gaÏrum (?), n. [Bungar, the native name.] (Zo”l.) A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a hood. Bung¶hole· (?), n. See Bung, n., 2. Shak. Bun¶gle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bungled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bungling (?).] [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to beat, bang, OSw. bunga.ÿSee Bang.] The act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner. Bun¶gle, v.t. To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; Ð sometimes with up. I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron. Bun¶gle (?), n. A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder. Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth. Bun¶gler (?), n. A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles. If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow. Bun¶gling (?), a. Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift. They make but bungling work. Dryden. Bun¶glingÏly, adv. Clumsily; awkwardly. Bun¶go (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett. Bun¶ion (?), n. (Med.) Same as Bunyon. Bunk (?), n. [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf. Bunch.] 1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.] 2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers. 3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.] Bunk, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bunked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bunking.] To go to bed in a bunk; Ð sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. Bun¶ker (?), n. [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.] 1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson. 2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker. Bun¶ko (?), n. [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards. Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).] A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.] Bun¶kum (?), n. See Buncombe. Bunn (?), n. See Bun. Bun¶nian (?), n. See Bunyon. Bun¶ny (?), n. (Mining) A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it. Bun¶ny, n. A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel. ØBu·noÏdon¶ta (?), Bu¶noÏdonts (?), } n. pl. [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr. ? hill, heap + ?, ?, a tooth.] (Zo”l.) A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; Ð so called because the teeth are tuberculated. Bun¶sen's bat¶terÏy (?), Bun¶sen's burn·er (?). See under Battery, and Burner. Bunt (?), n. (Bot.) A fungus (Ustilago fÒtida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; Ð also called pepperbrand. Bunt, n. [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.] (Naut.) The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten. Bunt, v.i. (Naut.) To swell out; as, the sail bunts. Bunt, v.t. & i. To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy. Bun¶ter (?), n. A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman. [Cant] Her ... daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith. Bun¶ting (?), n. [Scot. buntlin, cornÐbuntlin, OE. bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zo”l.) A birdÿof the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillid‘). µ Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the blackÐheaded (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bayÐwinged or grass (Po”c‘tes or PoÒcetes gramineus); the blackÐthroated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting. Bun¶ting, Bun¶tine (?), n. [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bontenÿto sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.] A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals. Bunt¶line (?), n. [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.) One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten. Bun¶yon, Bun¶ion (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr. OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.) An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the burs‘ muscos‘), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe. Buoy (?), n. [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain, fetter, F. bou‚e a buoy, from L. boia. ½Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae.¸ Festus. So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.) A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, aÿbuoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. Ð Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. Ð Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. Ð Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. Ð Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pearÐshaped. Ð Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. Ð Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. Ð To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. Ð Whistling buoy, aÿbuoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves. Buoy, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buoyed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buoying.] 1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; Ð with up. 2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke. 3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin. Buoy, v.i. To float; to rise like a buoy. ½Rising merit will buoy up at last.¸ Pope. Buoy¶age (?), n. Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys. Buoy¶ance (?), n. Buoyancy. [R.] Buoy¶anÏcy (?), n.; pl. Buoyancies (?). 1. The property of floating on the surfaceÿof a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water. 2. (Physics) The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc. 3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; Ð the opposite of heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits. Buoy¶ant (?), a. [From Buoy, v.t. & i.] 1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. ½Buoyant on the flood.¸ Pope. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden. 3. LightÐhearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. Ð Buoy¶antÏly, adv. BuÏpres¶tiÏdan (?), n. [L. buprestis, Gr. ?, a poisonous beetle, which, being eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and die; ? ox, cow + ? to blow up, swell out.] (Zo”l.) One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larv‘ are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees. Bur, Burr (?), n. [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burrÏ for burzÏ), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, ½the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered,¸ fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.] 1. (Bot.) Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson. 2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2. 3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4. 4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5. 5. The sweetbread. 6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick. 7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; Ð used by dentists. 8. [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zo”l.) The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oakÿ(Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, closeÐgrained, and durable. Ð Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves. Bur¶bolt· (?), n. A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford. Bur¶bot (?), n. [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.] (Zo”l.) A freshÐwater fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt.] µ The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north. Bur·deÏlais¶ (?), n. [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See Bordelais.] A sort of grape. Jonson. Bur¶den (?), n. [Written also burthen.] [OE. burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. byr$en; akin to Icel. byr?i, Dan. byrde, Sw. b”rda, G. brde, OHG. burdi, Goth. ba£r?ei, fr. the root of E. bear, AS. beran, Goth. bairan. û92. See 1st Bear.] 1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak. 2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift. 3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a shipÿof a hundred tons burden. 4. (Mining) The tops or heads of streamÐwork which lie over the stream of tin. 5. (Metal.) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds. 7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. Ð Burden of proof [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed. Syn. - Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome. Bur¶den, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burdened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burdening (?).] 1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor.viii.13. 2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak. 3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge. Syn. - To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

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