Chapter 39

Ber¶yÏcoid (?), a. [NL. beryx, the name of the typical genus + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Berycid‘, a family of marine fishes. Ber¶yl (?), n. [ F. b‚ryl, OF. beril, L. beryllus, Gr. ?, prob. fr. Skr. vaid?rya. Cf. Brilliant.] (Min.) A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, seaÏgreen variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium. Ber¶ylÏline (?), a. Like a beryl; of a light or bluish green color. BeÏryl¶liÏum (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) A metallic element found in the beryl. See Glucinum. Ber¶ylÏloid (?), n. [Beryl + Ïoid.] (Crystallog.) A solid consisting of a double twelveÏsided pyramid; Ð so called because the planes of this form occur on crystals of beryl. BeÏsaiel¶, BeÏsaile¶, BeÏsayle¶ (?), n. [OF. beseel, F. bisa‹eul, fr. L. bis twice + LL. avolus, dim. of L. avus grandfather.] 1. A greatÐgrandfather. [Obs.] 2. (Law) A kind of writ which formerly lay where a greatÏgrandfather died seized of lands in fee simple, and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept the heir out. This is now abolished. Blackstone. BeÏsaint¶ (?), v. t. To make a saint of. BeÏsant¶ (?), n. See Bezant. BesÐant¶ler (?), n. Same as BezÐantler. BeÏscat¶ter (?), v. t. 1. To scatter over. 2. To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to strew. ½With flowers bescattered.¸ Spenser. BeÏscorn¶ (?), v. t. To treat with scorn. ½Then was he bescorned.¸ Chaucer. BeÏscratch¶ (?), v. t. To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches. BeÏscrawl¶ (?), v. t. To cover with scrawls; to scribble over. Milton. BeÏscreen¶ (?), v. t. To cover with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal. Shak. BeÏscrib¶ble (?), v. t. To scribble over. ½Bescribbled with impertinences.¸ Milton. BeÏscum¶ber (?), BeÏscum¶mer (?), } v. t. [Pref. beÏ + scumber, scummer.] To discharge ordure or dung upon. [Obs.] B. Jonson. BeÏsee¶ (?), v. t. & i. [AS. bese¢n; pref. beÏ + ?e¢n to see.] To see; to look; to mind. [Obs.] Wyclif. BeÏseech¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besought (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beseeching.] [OE. bisechen, biseken (akin to G. besuchen to visit); pref. beÏ + sechen, seken, to seek. See Seek.] 1. To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore. I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts. Shak. But Eve ... besought his peace. Milton. Syn. Ð To beg; to crave. Ð To Beseech, Entreat, Solicit, Implore, Supplicate. These words agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To solicit is to make a request, with some degree of earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To entreat implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons or arguments. To beseech is still stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and imagination. To implore denotes increased fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To supplicate expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive supplicates a conqueror to spare his life. Men solicit by virtue of their interest with another; they entreat in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they beseech with importunate earnestness; they implore from a sense of overwhelming distress; they supplicate with a feeling of the most absolute inferiority and dependence. BeÏseech¶, n. Solicitation; supplication. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak. BeÏseech¶er (?), n. One who beseeches. BeÏseech¶ing, a. Entreating urgently; imploring; as, a beseeching look. Ð BeÏseech¶ingÏly, adv. Ð BeÏseech¶ingÏness, n. BeÏseech¶ment (?), n. The act of beseeching or entreating earnestly. [R.] Goodwin. BeÏseek¶ (?), v. t. To beseech. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏseem¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beseemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beseeming.] [Pref. beÏ + seem.] Literally: To appear or seem (well, ill, best, etc.) for (one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper for, or worthy of; to become; to befit. A duty well beseeming the preachers. Clarendon. What form of speech or behavior beseemeth us, in our prayers to God ? Hocker. BeÏseem¶, v. i. To seem; to appear; to be fitting. [Obs.] ½As beseemed best.¸ Spenser. BeÏseem¶ing, n. 1. Appearance; look; garb. [Obs.] I ... did company these three in poor beseeming. Shak. 2. Comeliness. Baret. BeÏseem¶ing, a. Becoming; suitable. [Archaic] Ð BeÏseem¶ingÏly, adv. Ð BeÏseem¶ingÏness, n. BeÏseem¶ly, a. Fit; suitable; becoming. [Archaic] In beseemly order sitten there. Shenstone. BeÏseen¶ (?), a. [Properly the p. p. of besee.] 1. Seen; appearing. [Obs. or Archaic] 2. Decked or adorned; clad. [Archaic] Chaucer. 3. Accomplished; versed. [Archaic] Spenser. BeÏset¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beset; p. pr. & vb. n. Besetting.] [AS. besettan (akin to OHG. bisazjan, G. besetzen, D. bezetten); pref. beÏ + settan to set. See Set.] 1. To set or stud (anything) with ornaments or prominent objects. A robe of azure beset with drops of gold. Spectator. The garden is so beset with all manner of sweet shrubs that it perfumes the air. Evelyn. 2. To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege; to blockade. ½Beset with foes.¸ Milton. Let thy troops beset our gates. Addison. 3. To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass; Ð said of dangers, obstacles, etc. ½Adam, sore beset, replied.¸ Milton. ½Beset with ills.¸ Addison. ½Incommodities which beset old age.¸ Burke. 4. To occupy; to employ; to use up. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. Ð To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege; encircle; encompass; embarrass; urge; press. BeÏset¶ment (?), n. The act of besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that which besets one, as a sin. ½Fearing a besetment.¸ Kane. BeÏset¶ter (?), n. One who, or that which, besets. BeÏset¶ting, a. Habitually attacking, harassing, or pressing upon or about; as, a besetting sin. BeÏshine¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beshone; p. pr. & vb. n. Beshining.] To shine upon; to ullumine. ØBeÏshow¶ (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A large food fish (Anoplopoma fimbria) of the north Pacific coast; Ð called also candlefish. BeÏshrew¶ (?), v. t. To curse; to execrate. Beshrew me, but I love her heartily. Shak. µ Often a very mild form of imprecation; sometimes so far from implying a curse, as to be uttered coaxingly, nay even with some tenderness. Schmidt. BeÏshroud¶ (?), v. t. To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to screen. BeÏshut¶ (?), v. t. To shut up or out. [Obs.] BeÏside¶ (?), prep. [OE. biside, bisiden, bisides, prep. and adv., beside, besides; pref. beÏ by + side. Cf. Besides, and see Side, n.] 1. At the side of; on one side of. ½Beside him hung his bow.¸ Milton. 2. Aside from; out of the regular course or order of; in a state of deviation from; out of. [You] have done enough To put him quite beside his patience. Shak. 3. Over and above; distinct from; in addition to. [In this use besides is now commoner.] Wise and learned men beside those whose names are in the Christian records. Addison. To be beside one's self, to be out ob one's wits or senses. Paul, thou art beside thyself. Acts xxvi. 24. Syn. Ð Beside, Besides. These words, whether used as prepositions or adverbs, have been considered strictly synonymous, from an early period of our literature, and have been freely interchanged by our best writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to make the following distinction between them: 1. That beside be used only and always as a preposition, with the original meaning ½by the side of; ¸ as, to sit beside a fountain; or with the closely allied meaning ½aside from¸, ½apart from¸, or ½out of¸; as, this is beside our present purpose; to be beside one's self with joy. The adverbial sense to be wholly transferred to the cognate word. 2. That besides, as a preposition, take the remaining sense ½in addition to¸, as, besides all this; besides the considerations here offered. ½There was a famine in the land besides the first famine.¸ Gen. xxvi. 1. And that it also take the adverbial sense of ½moreover¸, ½beyond¸, etc., which had been divided between the words; as, besides, there are other considerations which belong to this case. The following passages may serve to illustrate this use of the words: Ð Lovely Thais sits beside thee. Dryden. Only be patient till we have appeased The multitude, beside themselves with fear. Shak. It is beside my present business to enlarge on this speculation. Locke. Besides this, there are persons in certain situations who are expected to be charitable. Bp. Porteus. And, besides, the Moor May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril. Shak. That man that does not know those things which are of necessity for him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson. See Moreover. BeÏsides¶ (?), BeÏside¶ (?), } adv. [OE. Same as beside, prep.; the ending Ïs is an adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.] 1. On one side. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak. 2. More than that; over and above; not included in the number, or in what has been mentioned; moreover; in addition. The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides ? Gen. xix. 12. To all beside, as much an empty shade, An Eugene living, as a C‘sar dead. Pope. µ These sentences may be considered as elliptical. BeÏsides (?), prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than; else than. See Beside, prep., 3, and Syn. under Beside. Besides your cheer, you shall have sport. Shak. BeÏsiege¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besieged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besieging.] [OE. bisegen; pref. beÏ + segen to siege. See Siege.] To beset or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender; to lay s?ege to; to beleaguer; to beset. Till Paris was besieged, famished, and lost. Shak. Syn. Ð To environ; hem in; invest; encompass. BeÏsiege¶ment (?), n. The act of besieging, or the state of being besieged. Golding. BeÏsie¶ger (?), n. One who besieges; Ð opposed to the besieged. BeÏsie¶ging (?), a. That besieges; laying siege to. Ð BeÏsie¶gingÏly, adv. BeÏsit¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. beÏ + sit.] To suit; to fit; to become. [Obs.] BeÏslab¶ber (?), v. t. To beslobber. BeÏslave¶ (?), v. t. To enslave. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. BeÏslav¶er (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beslavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beslavering.] To defile with slaver; to beslobber. BeÏslime¶ (?), v. t. To daub with slime; to soil. [Obs.] B. Jonson. BeÏslob¶ber (?), v. t. To slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth. Also Fig.: as, to beslobber with praise. BeÏslub¶ber (?), v. t. To beslobber. BeÏsmear¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besmeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besmearing.] To smear with any viscous, glutinous matter; to bedaub; to soil. Besmeared with precious balm. Spenser. BeÏsmear¶er (?), n. One that besmears. BeÏsmirch¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besmirched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besmirching.] To smirch or soil; to disoolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor; to sully. Shak. BeÏsmoke¶ (?), v. t. 1. To foul with smoke. 2. To harden or dry in smoke. Johnson. BeÏsmut¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besmutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Besmutting.] [Pref. beÏ + smut: cf. AS. besmÆtan, and also OE. besmotren.] To blacken with smut; to foul with soot. BeÏsnow¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besnowed (?).] [OE. bisnewen, AS. besnÆwan; pref. beÏ + snÆwan to snow.] 1. To scatter ? snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes. [R.] Gower. 2. To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as with snow. BeÏsnuff¶ (?), v. t. To befoul with snuff. Young. BeÏsogne¶ (?), n. [F. bisogne.] A worthless fellow; a bezonian. [Obs.] Be¶som (?), n. [OE. besme, besum, AS. besma; akin to D. bezem, OHG pesamo, G. besen; of uncertain origin.] A brush of twigs for sweeping; a broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys. [Archaic or Fig.] I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23. The housemaid with her besom. W. Irving. Be¶som, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besomed (?).] To sweep, as with a besom. [Archaic or Poetic] Cowper. Rolls back all Greece, and besoms wide the plain. Barlow. Be¶somÏer (?), n. One who uses a besom. [Archaic] BeÏsort¶ (?), v. t. To assort or be congruous with; to fit, or become. [Obs.] Such men as may besort your age. Shak. BeÏsort¶, n. Befitting associates or attendants. [Obs.] With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding. Shak. BeÏsot¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besotting.] To make sottish; to make dull or stupid; to stupefy; to infatuate. Fools besotted with their crimes. Hudibras. BeÏsot¶ted, a. Made sottish, senseless, or infatuated; characterized by drunken stupidity, or by infatuation; stupefied. ½Besotted devotion.¸ Sir W. Scott. Ð BeÏsot¶tedÏly, adv. Ð BeÏsot¶tedÏness, n. Milton. BeÏsot¶tingÏly, adv. In a besotting manner. BeÏsought¶ (?), p. p. of Beseech. BeÏspan¶gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bespangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespangling (?).] To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant or glittering. The grass ... is all bespangled with dewdrops. Cowper. BeÏspat¶ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bespattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespattering.] 1. To soil by spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or anything which will leave foul spots or stains. 2. To asperse with calumny or reproach. Whom never faction could bespatter. Swift. BeÏspawl¶ (?), v. t. To daub, soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle. [Obs.] Milton. BeÏspeak¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Bespoke (?), Bespake (Archaic); p. p. Bespoke, Bespoken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespeaking.] [OE. bispeken, AS. besprecan, to speak to, accuse; pref. beÏ + sprecan to speak. See Speak.] 1. To speak or arrange for beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; as, to bespeak goods, a right, or a favor. Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to bespeak his favor. Sir W. Scott. 2. To show beforehand; to foretell; to indicate. [They] bespoke dangers ... in order to scare the allies. Swift. 3. To betoken; to show; to indicate by external marks or appearances. When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the figure of a man that it bespoke him rather a monster. Locke. 4. To speak to; to address. [Poetic] He thus the queen bespoke. Dryden. BeÏspeak¶, v. i. To speak. [Obs.] Milton. BeÏspeak¶, n. A bespeaking. Among actors, a benefit (when a particular play is bespoken.) ½The night of her bespeak.¸ Dickens. BeÏspeak¶er (?), n. One who bespeaks. BeÏspec¶kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bespeckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespeckling.] To mark with speckles or spots. Milton. BeÏspew¶ (?), v. t. To soil or daub with spew; to vomit on. BeÏspice¶ (?), v. t. To season with spice, or with some spicy drug. Shak. BeÏspirt¶ (?), v. t. Same as Bespurt.

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