Chapter 28

2. Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy. His doubleÐbiting ax, and beamy spear. Dryden. 3. Having horns, or antlers. Beamy stags in toils engage. Dryden. Bean (?), n. [OE. bene, AS.be n; akin to D. boon, G. bohne, OHG. p?na, Icel. baun, Dan. b”nne, Sw. b”na, and perh. to Russ. bob, L. faba.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the genera Faba, Phaseolus, and Dolichos; also, to the herbs. µ The origin and classification of many kinds are still doubtful. Among true beans are: the blackÐeyed bean and China bean, included in Dolichos Sinensis; black Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, D. Lablab; the common haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all included in Phaseolus vulgaris; the lower bush bean, Ph. vulgaris, variety nanus; Lima bean, Ph. lunatus; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, Ph. maltiflorus; Windsor bean, the common bean of England, Faba vulgaris. As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables. 2. The popular name of other vegetable seeds or fruits, more or less resembling true beans. Bean aphis (Zo”l.), a plant louse (Aphis fab‘) which infests the bean plant. Ð Bean fly (Zo”l.), a fly found on bean flowers. Ð Bean goose (Zo”l.), a species of goose (Anser se?etum). Ð Bean weevil (Zo”l.), a small weevil that in the larval state destroys beans. The American species in Bruchus fab‘. Ð Florida bean (Bot.), the seed of Mucuna urens, a West Indian plant. The seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished and made into ornaments. Ð Ignatius bean, or St. Ignatius's bean (Bot.), a species of Strychnos. Ð Navy bean, the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called because an important article of food in the navy. Ð Pea bean, a very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible white bean; Ð so called from its size. Ð Sacred bean. See under Sacred. Ð Screw bean. See under Screw. Ð Sea bean. (a) Same as Florida bean. (b) A red bean of unknown species used for ornament. Ð Tonquin bean, or Tonka bean, the fragrant seed of Dipteryx odorata, a leguminous tree. Ð Vanilla bean. See under Vanilla. Bean¶ ca·per. (Bot.) A deciduous plant of warm climates, generally with fleshy leaves and flowers of a yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus Zygophyllum. Bean¶ tre¶foil. (Bot.) A leguminous shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves (Anagyris f?tida). Bear (?), v. t. [imp. Bore (?) (formerly Bare (?)); p. p. Born (?), Borne (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bearing.] [OE. beren, AS. beran, beoran, to bear, carry, produce; akin to D. baren to bring forth, G. geb„ren, Goth. ba¡ran to bear or carry, Icel. bera, Sw. b„ra, Dan. b‘re, OHG. beran, peran, L. ferre to bear, carry, produce, Gr. ?, OSlav brati to take, carry, OIr. berim I bear, Skr. bh? to bear. ?92. Cf. Fertile.] 1. To support or sustain; to hold up. 2. To support and remove or carry; to convey. I 'll bear your logs the while. Shak. 3. To conduct; to bring; Ð said of persons. [Obs.] Bear them to my house. Shak. 4. To possess and use, as power; to exercise. Every man should bear rule in his own house. Esther i. 22. 5. To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or as a mark), as, the tablet bears this inscription. 6. To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or distinction; to wear; as, to bear a sword, badge, or name. 7. To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the mind; to entertain; to harbor Dryden. The ancient grudge I bear him. Shak. 8. To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to suffer. Should such a man, too fond to rule alone, Bear, like the Turk, no brother near the throne. Pope. I cannot bear The murmur of this lake to hear. Shelley. My punishment is greater than I can bear. Gen. iv. 13. 9. To gain or win. [Obs.] Some think to bear it by speaking a great word. Bacon. She was ... found not guilty, through bearing of friends and bribing of the judge. Latimer. 10. To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame, expense, responsibility, etc. He shall bear their iniquities. Is. liii. 11. Somewhat that will bear your charges. Dryden. 11. To render or give; to bring forward. ½Your testimony bear¸ Dryden. 12. To carry on, or maintain; to have. ½The credit of bearing a part in the conversation.¸ Locke. 13. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change. In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly bear. Swift. 14. To manage, wield, or direct. ½Thus must thou thy body bear.¸ Shak. Hence: To behave; to conduct. Hath he borne himself penitently in prison ? Shak. 15. To afford; to be to ; to supply with. ?is faithful dog shall bear him company. Pope. 16. To bring forth or produce; to yield; as, to bear apples; to bear children; to bear interest. Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore. Dryden. µ In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage restricts the past participle born to the sense of brought forth, while borne is used in the other senses of the word. In the active form, borne alone is used as the past participle. To bear down. (a) To force into a lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink. ½His nose, ... large as were the others, bore them down into insignificance.¸ Marryat. (b) To overthrow or crush by force; as, to bear down an enemy. Ð To bear a hand. (a) To help; to give assistance. (b) (Naut.) To make haste; to be quick. Ð To bear in hand, to keep (one) up in expectation, usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false pretenses; to delude. [Obs.] ½How you were borne in hand, how crossed.¸ Shak. Ð To bear in mind, to remember. Ð To bear off. (a) To restrain; to keep from approach. (b) (Naut.) To remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to bear off a blow; to bear off a boat. (c) To gain; to carry off, as a prize. Ð To bear one hard, to owe one a grudge. [Obs.] ½C‘sar doth bear me hard.¸ Shak. Ð To bear out. (a) To maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last. ½Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing.¸ South. (b) To corroborate; to confirm. Ð To bear up, to support; to keep from falling or sinking. ½Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings.¸ Addison. Syn. Ð To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo; suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft. Bear (?), v. i. 1. To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness. This age to blossom, and the next to bear. Dryden. 2. To suffer, as in carrying a burden. But man is born to bear. Pope. 3. To endure with patience; to be patient. I can not, can not bear. Dryden. 4. To press; Ð with on or upon, or against. These men bear hard on the suspected party. Addison. 5. To take effect; to have influence or force; as, to bring matters to bear. 6. To relate or refer; Ð with on or upon; as, how does this bear on the question? 7. To have a certain meaning, intent, or effect. Her sentence bore that she should stand a certain time upon the platform. Hawthorne. 8. To be situated, as to the point of compass, with respect to something else; as, the land bears N. by E. To bear against, to approach for attack or seizure; as, a lion bears against his prey. [Obs.] Ð To bear away (Naut.), to change the course of a ship, and make her run before the wind. Ð To bear back, to retreat. ½Bearing back from the blows of their sable antagonist.¸ Sir W. Scott. Ð To bear down upon (Naut.), to approach from the windward side; as, the fleet bore down upon the enemy. Ð To bear in with (Naut.), to run or tend toward; as, a ship bears in with the land. Ð To bear off (Naut.), to steer away, as from land. Ð To bear up. (a) To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; as, to bear up under afflictions. (b) (Naut.) To put the helm up (or to windward) and so put the ship before the wind; to bear away. Ha?ersly. Ð To bear upon (Mil.), to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed directly against, or so as to hit (the object); as, to bring or plant guns so as to bear upon a fort or a ship; the artillery bore upon the center. Ð To bear up to, to tend or move toward; as, to bear up to one another. Ð To bear with, to endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish. Bear (?), n. A bier. [Obs.] Spenser. Bear (?), n. [OE. bere, AS. bera; akin to D. beer, OHG. bero, pero, G. b„r, Icel. & Sw. bj”rn, and possibly to L. fera wild beast, Gr. ? beast, Skr. bhalla bear.] 1. (Zo”l.) Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects. The European brown bear (U. arctos), the white polar bear (U. maritimus), the grizzly bear (U. horribilis), the American black bear, and its variety the cinnamon bear (U. Americanus), the Syrian bear (Ursus Syriacus), and the sloth bear, are among the notable species. 2. (Zo”l.) An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity; as, the woolly bear; ant bear; water bear; sea bear. 3. (Astron.) One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the Great Bear and the Lesser Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. 4. Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person. 5. (Stock Exchange) A person who sells stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall in the market. µ The bears and bulls of the Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing up. 6. (Mach.) A portable punching machine. 7. (Naut.) A block covered with coarse matting; Ð used to scour the deck. Australian bear. (Zo”l.) See Koala. Ð Bear baiting, the sport of baiting bears with dogs. Ð Bear caterpillar (Zo”l.), the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the genus Euprepia. Ð Bear garden. (a) A place where bears are kept for diversion or fighting. (b) Any place where riotous conduct is common or permitted. M. Arnold. Ð Bear leader, one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his travels. Bear, v. t. (Stock Exchange) To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; as, to bear a railroad stock; to bear the market. Bear, Bere (?), n. [AS. bere. See Barley.] (Bot.) Barley; the sixÐrowed barley or the fourÐrowed barley, commonly the former (Hord?um hexastichon or H. vulgare). [Obs. except in North of Eng. and Scot.] Bear¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being borne or endured; tolerable. Ð Bear¶aÏbly, adv. Bear¶berÏry (?), n. (Bot.) A trailing plant of the heath family (Arctostaphylos uvaÐursi), having leaves which are tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries of which bears are said to be fond. Bear¶bind· (?), n. (Bot.) The bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). Beard (?), n. [OE. berd, AS. beard; akin to Fries. berd, D. baard, G. bart, Lith. barzda, OSlav. brada, Pol. broda, Russ. boroda, L. barba, W. barf. Cf. 1st Barb.] 1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) The long hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat. (b) The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds (c) The appendages to the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes. (d) The byssus of certain shellfish, as the muscle. (e) The gills of some bivalves, as the oyster. (f) In insects, the hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies. 3. (Bot.) Long or stiff hairs on a plant; the awn; as, the beard of grain. 4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being easily drawn out. 5. That part of the under side of a horse's lower jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a bridle. 6. (Print.) That part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank and the face. 7. An imposition; a trick. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beard grass (Bot.), a coarse, perennial grass of different species of the genus Andropogon. Ð To one's beard, to one's face; in open defiance. Beard (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bearded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bearding.] 1. To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt. 2. To oppose to the gills; to set at defiance. No admiral, bearded by three corrupt and dissolute minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something about a court martial. Macaulay. 3. To deprive of the gills; Ð used only of oysters and similar shellfish. Beard¶ed, a. Having a beard. ½Bearded fellow.¸ Shak. ½Bearded grain.¸ Dryden. Bearded vulture, Bearded eagle. (Zo”l.) See Lammergeir. Ð Bearded tortoise. (Zo”l.) See Matamata. Beard¶ie (?), n. [From Beard, n.] (Zo”l.) The bearded loach (Nemachilus barbatus) of Europe. [Scot.] Beard¶less, a. 1. Without a beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood; youthful. 2. Destitute of an awn; as, beardless wheat. Beard¶lessÏness, n. The state or quality of being destitute of beard. Bear¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries. ½Bearers of burdens.¸ 2 Chron. ii. 18. ½The bearer of unhappy news.¸ Dryden. 2. Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a pallbearer. Milton. 3. A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant. [India] 4. A tree or plant yielding fruit; as, a good bearer. 5. (Com.) One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the payment of money; as, pay to bearer. 6. (Print.) A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a type or typeÐhigh piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved. Bear¶herd· (?), n. A man who tends a bear. Bear¶hound· (?), n. A hound for baiting or hunting bears. Car??le. Bear¶ing (?), n. 1. The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien; behavior; carriage. I know him by his bearing. Shak. 2. Patient endurance; suffering without complaint. 3. The situation of one object, with respect to another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it; hence, relation; connection. But of this frame, the bearings and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies. Pope. 4. Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect. 5. The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; as, a tree in full bearing; a tree past bearing. [His mother] in travail of his bearing. R. of Gloucester. 6. (Arch.) (a) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports; as, a lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall. (b) The portion of a support on which anything rests. (c) Improperly, the unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports. 7. (Mach.) (a) The part of an axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the journal. (b) The part of the support on which a journal rests and rotates. 8. (Her.) Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms Ð commonly in the pl. A carriage covered with armorial bearings. Thackeray. 9. (Naut.) (a) The situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the compass in which an object is seen; as, the bearing of the cape was M. N. W. (b) pl. The widest part of a vessel below the plankÐsheer. (c) pl. The line of flotation of a vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast. Ball bearings. See under Ball. Ð To bring one to his bearings, to bring one to his senses. Ð To lose one's bearings, to become bewildered. Ð To take bearings, to ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence (Fig.), to ascertain the condition of things when one is in trouble or perplexity. Syn. Ð Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner; carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency; influence. Bear¶ing cloth· (?). A cloth with which a child is covered when carried to be baptized. Shak. Bear¶ing rein· (?). A short rein looped over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; Ð called in the United States a checkrein. Bear¶ish, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear; resembling a bear in temper or manners. Harris. Bear¶ishÏness, n. Behavior like that of a bear. Bearn (?), n. See Bairn. [Obs.] Bear's¶Ðbreech· (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Acanthus, n., 1. (b) The English cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium) Dr. Prior.

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