Chapter 2

Aught (?), adv. At all; in any degree. Chaucer. Au¶gite (?), n. [L. augites, Gr. ?, fr. ? brightness: cf. F. augite.] A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt; Ð also used instead of the general term pyroxene. AuÏgit¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal constituent; as, augitic rocks. AugÏment¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Augmented; p. pr. & vb. n. Augmenting.] [L. augmentare, fr. augmentum an increase, fr. augere to increase; perh. akin to Gr. ?, ?, E. wax, v., and eke, v.: cf. F. augmenter.] 1. To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army by re‰forcements; rain augments a stream; impatience augments an evil. But their spite still serves His glory to augment. Milton. 2. (Gram.) To add an ~ to. AugÏment¶, v. i. To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; as, a stream augments by rain. Aug¶ment (?), n. [L. augmentum: cf. F. augment.] 1. Enlargement by addition; increase. 2. (Gram.) A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs. µ In Greek, the syllabic augment is a prefixed ?, forming an intial syllable; the temporal augment is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by changing ? to ?. AugÏment¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of augmentation. Walsh. Aug·menÏta¶tion (?), n. [LL. augmentatio: cf. F. augmentation.] 1. The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase. 2. The state of being augmented; enlargement. 3. The thing added by way of enlargement. 4. (Her.) A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of honor. Cussans. 5. (Med.) The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing. Dunglison. 6. (Mus.) In counterpoint and fugue, a repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original length. Augmentation court (Eng. Hist.), a court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to augment to revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved. Encyc. Brit. Syn. - Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession; addition. AugÏment¶aÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. augmentatif.] Having the quality or power of augmenting; expressing augmentation. Ð AugÏment¶aÏtiveÏly, adv. AugÏment¶aÏtive, n. (Gram.) A word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the properties of the term from which it is derived; as, dullard, one very dull. Opposed to diminutive. Gibbs. AugÏment¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, augments or increases anything. Au¶grim (?), n. See Algorism. [Obs.] Chaucer. ÷ stones, pebbles formerly used in numeration. Ð Noumbres of ~, Arabic numerals. Chaucer. Au¶gur (?), n. [L. Of uncertain origin: the first part of the word is perh. fr. L. avis bird, and the last syllable, gur, equiv. to the Skr. gar to call, akin to L. garrulus garrulous.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences. 2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet. Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a priestly curse or boding sound. Dryden. Au¶gur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Augured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Auguring.] 1. To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow. My auguring mind assures the same success. Dryden. 2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill. Au¶gur, v. t. To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer. It seems to augur genius. Sir W. Scott. I augur everything from the approbation the proposal has met with. J. F. W. Herschel. Syn. - To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn. Au¶guÏral (?), a. [L. auguralis.] Of or pertaining to augurs or to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; as, an augural staff; augural books. ½Portents augural.¸ Cowper. Au¶guÏrate (?), v. t. & i. [L. auguratus, p. p. of augurari to augur.] To make or take auguries; to augur; to predict. [Obs.] C. Middleton. Au¶guÏrate (?), n. The office of an augur. Merivale. Au·guÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. auguratio.] The practice of augury. Au¶gurÏer (?), n. An augur. [Obs.] Shak. AuÏgu¶riÏal (?), a. [L. augurialis.] Relating to augurs or to augury. Sir T. Browne. Au¶guÏrist (?), n. An augur. [R.] An¶gurÏize (?), v. t. To augur. [Obs.] Blount. Au¶guÏrous (?), a. Full of augury; foreboding. [Obs.] ½Augurous hearts.¸ Chapman. Au¶gurÏship (?), n. The office, or period of office, of an augur. Bacon. Au¶guÏry (?), n.; pl. Auguries (?). [L. aucurium.] 1. The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.; divination. 2. An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future; presage. From their flight strange auguries she drew. Drayton. He resigned himself... with a docility that gave little augury of his future greatness. Prescott. 3. A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur. AuÏgust¶ (?), a. [L. augustus; cf. augere to increase; in the language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F. auguste. See Augment.] Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority. ½Forms august.¸ Pope. ½August in visage.¸ Dryden. ½To shed that august blood.¸ Macaulay. So beautiful and so august a spectacle. Burke. To mingle with a body so august. Byron. Syn. - Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing. Au¶gust (?), n. [L. Augustus. See note below, and August, a.] The eighth month of the year, containing thirtyÐone days. µ The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus C‘sar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month. AuÏgus¶tan (?), a. [L. Augustanus, fr. Augustus. See August, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to Augustus C‘sar or to his times. 2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg. Augustan age of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; Ð so called because the reign of Augustus C‘sar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the Augustan age of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of English literature. Ð Augustan confession (Eccl. Hist.), or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at Augusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church. AuÏgus¶tine (?), Au·gusÏtin¶iÏan (?), } n. (Eccl.) A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar. Au·gusÏtin¶iÏan, a. Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 Ð d. 430), or to his doctrines. ÷ canons, an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; Ð called also regular canons of. Austin, and black canons. Ð ÷ hermits or Austin friars, an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790. Ð ÷ nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine. Ð ÷ rule, a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the ÷ orders. Au·gusÏtin¶iÏan, n. One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally. Au·gusÏtin¶iÏanÏism (?), AuÏgus¶tinÏism, n. The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians. AuÏgust¶ly , adv. In an august manner. AuÏgust¶ness, n. The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence. Auk (?), n. [Prov. E. alk; akin to Dan. alke, Icel. & Sw. alka.] (Zo”l.) A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family Alcid‘. The great ~, now extinct, is Alca (or Plautus) impennis. The razorÐbilled auk is A. torda. See Puffin, Guillemot, and Murre. Auk¶ward (?), a. See Awkward. [Obs.] AuÏla¶riÏan (?), a. [L. aula hall. Cf. LL. aularis of a court.] Relating to a hall. AuÏla¶riÏan, n. At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian. Chalmers. Auld (?), a. [See Old.] Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Auld· lang syne¶ (?). A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times long since past. ½The days of auld lang syne.¸ AuÏlet¶ic (?), a. [L. auleticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? flute.] Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper. [R.] Ash. Au¶lic , a. [L. aulicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? hall, court, royal court.] Pertaining to a royal court. Ecclesiastical wealth and aulic dignities. Landor. Aulic council (Hist.), a supreme court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are called aulic councilors. P. Cyc. Au¶lic, n. The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the aulic). Auln (?), n. An ell. [Obs.] See Aune. Aul¶nage (?), Aul¶naÏger (?), } n. See Alnage and Alnager. Aum (?), n. Same as Aam. AuÏmail¶ (?), v. t. [OE. for amel, enamel.] To figure or variegate. [Obs.] Spenser. Aum¶bry (?), n. Same as Ambry. Au¶meÏry (?), n. A form of Ambry, a closet; but confused with Almonry, as if a place for alms. Aun¶cel (?), n. A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in England. Halliwell. Aun¶cetÏry (?), n. Ancestry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø Aune (?), n. [F. See Alnage.] A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); Ð now superseded by the meter. Aunt (?), n. [OF. ante, F. tante, L. amita father's sister. Cf. Amma.] 1. The sister of one's father or mother; Ð correlative to nephew or niece. Also applied to an uncle's wife. µ Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related. 2. An old woman; and old gossip. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A bawd, or a prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. Aunt Sally, a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it. Aunt¶ter (?), n. Adventure; hap. [Obs.] In aunters, perchance. Aun¶ter, Aun¶tre } (?), v. t. [See Adventure.] To venture; to dare. [Obs.] Chaucer. Aunt¶ie, Aunt¶y } (?), n. A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women. Aun¶trous (?), a. Adventurous. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø Au¶ra (?), n.; pl. Aur‘ (?). [L. aura air, akin to Gr. ?.] 1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc. 2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics. Electric ~, a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2. Au¶ral (?), a. [L. aura air.] Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura. Au¶ral, a. [L. auris ear.] Of or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery. AuÏran·tiÏa¶ceous (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Aurantiace‘, an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the type. Au¶rate (?), n. [L. auratus, p. p. of aurare to gild, fr. aurum gold: cf. F. aurate.] (Chem.) A combination of auric acid with a base; as, aurate or potassium. Au¶raÏted (?), a. [See Aurate.] 1. Resembling or containing gold; goldÐcolored; gilded. 2.ÿ(Chem.) Combined with auric acid. Au¶raÏted (?), a. Having ears. See Aurited. Au¶reÏate (?), a. [L. aureatus, fr. aureus golden, fr. aurum gold.] Golden; gilded. Skelton. Ø AuÏre¶liÏa (?; 106), n. [NL., fr. L. aurum gold: cf. F. aur‚lie. Cf. Chrysalis.] (Zo”l.) (a) The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies. (b) A genus of jellyfishes. See Discophora. AuÏre¶liÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to the aurelia. AuÏre¶liÏan, n. An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist. Ø AuÏre¶oÏla (?), Au¶reÏole (?), } n. [F. aur‚ole, fr. L. aureola, (fem adj.) of gold (sc. corona crown), dim. of aureus. See Aureate, Oriole.] 1. (R. C. Theol.) A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. 2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence. µ Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus; when it envelops the whole body, an aureola. Fairholt. 3. A halo, actual or figurative. The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total eclipses. Proctor. The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes. 4.ÿ(Anat.) See Areola, 2. Au¶ric (?), a. [L. aurum gold.] 1. Of or pertaining to gold. 2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; Ð said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; as, auric oxide; auric chloride. Au·riÏchal¶ceÏous (?), a. [L. aurichalcum, for orichalcum brass.] (Zo”l.) BrassÐcolored. Au·riÏchal¶cite (?), n. [See Aurichalceous.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on reduction. Au¶riÏcle (?), n. [L. auricula, dim. of auris ear. See Ear.] 1.ÿ(Anat.) (a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; Ð so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See Heart. 2.ÿ(Zo”l.) An angular or earÐshaped lobe. 3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet. Mansfield. Au¶riÏcled (?), a.ÿHaving earÐshaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; as, auricled leaves. Ø AuÏric¶uÏla (?), n.; pl. L. Auricul‘ (?), E. Auriculas (?). [L. auricula. See Auricle.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A species of Primula, or primrose, called also, from the shape of its leaves, bear'sÐear. (b) (b) A species of Hirneola (H. auricula), a membranaceous fungus, called also auricula Jud‘, or Jew'sÐear. P. Cyc. 2.ÿ(Zo”l.) (a) A genus of airÐbreathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water is brackish

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