Chapter 87

At¶omÏi·zer , n. One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming. At·omÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Atom + Ïlogy.] The doctrine of atoms. Cudworth. At¶omÏy (?), n. An atom; a mite; a pigmy. At¶oÏmy (?), n. [For anatomy, taken as an atomy.] A skeleton. [Ludicrous] Shak. AÏton¶aÏble (?), a. Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable. At one¶ (?). [OE. at on, atone, atoon, attone.] 1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); as, to be, bring, make, or set, at one, i. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation. If gentil men, or othere of hir contree Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem atoon. Chaucer. 2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these points we are at one. 3. Together. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏtone¶ (?), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Atoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Atoning.] [From at one, i. e., to be, or cause to be, at one. See At one.] 1. To agree; to be in accordance; to accord. [Obs.] He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrariety. Shak. 2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime. The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope. The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure. Junius. AÏtone¶, v. t. 1. To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. [Obs.] I would do much To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio. Shak. 2. To unite in making. [Obs. & R.] The four elements... have atoned A noble league. Ford. 3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate. Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pope. AÏtone¶ment (?), n. 1. (Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord. [Archaic] By whom we have now received the atonement. Rom. v. 11. He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers. Shak. 2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; Ð with for. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ. When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement be can make for it is, to warn others. Spectator. The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense. Potter. AÏton¶er (?), n. One who makes atonement. AtÏones (?), adv. [See At one.] [Obs.] Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer. AÏton¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. atonique. See Atony.] 1. (Med.) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease. 2. (Gram.) Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable. 3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. Rush. AÏton¶ic, n. 1. (Gram.) A word that has no accent. 2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone' a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing. Rush. 3. (Med.) A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation. Dunglison. At¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? slackness; ? priv. + ? tone, strength, ? to stretch: cf. F. atonie.] (Med.) Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile. AÏtop¶ (?), adv. On or at the top. Milton. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan (?), At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏous (?), } a. [LL. atrabilarius, fr. L. atra bilis black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr. atrabile.] Affected with melancholy; atrabilious. Arbuthnot. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan, n. A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac. I. Disraeli. At·raÏbil¶iar (?), a. Melancholy; atrabilious. At·raÏbil¶iaÏry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys. 2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; Ð from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. ÷ arteries, capsules, and veins (Anat.), those pertaining to the kidney; Ð called also renal arteries, capsules, and veins. At·raÏbil¶ious (?), a. Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary. Dunglision. A hardÐfaced, atrabilious, earnestÐeyed race. Lowell. He was constitutionally atrabilious and scornful. Froude. At·raÏmenÏta¶ceous (?), a. [L. atramentum ink, fr. ater black.] Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.] Derham. At·raÏmen¶tal (?), At·raÏmen¶tous (?), } a. Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as, atramental galls; atramentous spots. At·raÏmenÏta¶riÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. atramentaire. See Atramentaceous.] Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called atramentarious, as being used in making ink. AtÏrede (?), v. t. [OE. at (AS. ‘t) out + rede.] To surpass in council. [Obs.] Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede. Chaucer. AtÏrenne¶ (?), v. t. [OE. at + renne to run.] To outrun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø AÏtre¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? not perforated.] (Med.) Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation. A¶triÏal , a. Of or pertaining to an atrium. AÏtrip¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + trip.] (Naut.) (a) Just hove clear of the ground; Ðsaid of the anchor. (b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; Ð said of sails. (c) Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; Ð said of yards. Ø A¶triÏum (?), n.; pl. Atria (?). [L., the fore court of a Roman house.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. (b) An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery. 2.ÿ(Anat.) The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart. 3.ÿ(Zo”l.) A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See Ascidioidea. Ø At·roÏcha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a circle.] (Zo”l.) A kind of ch‘topod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed. AÏtro¶cious (?), a. [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F. atroce.] 1. Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious quilt or deeds. 2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity. Revelations... so atrocious that nothing in history approaches them. De Quincey. 3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as, atrocious distempers. [Obs.] Cheyne. Syn. - Atrocious, Flagitious, Flagrant. Flagitious points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious proposal. Flagrant marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a flagrant violation of duty. Atrocious represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying ½the atrocious crime of being a young man,¸ had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏly, adv. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏness, n. AÏtroc¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Atrocities (?). [F. atrocit‚, L. atrocitas, fr. atrox, atrocis, cruel.] 1. Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty. 2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed. The atrocities which attend a victory. Macaulay. AÏtroph¶ic , a. Relating to atrophy. At¶roÏphied (?), p. a. Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary. At¶roÏphy (?), n. [L. atrophia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to nourish: cf. F. atrophie.] A wasting away from of nourishment; diminution in bull or slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton. At¶roÏphy, v. t. [p. p. Atrophied (?).] To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken. At¶roÏphy, v. i. To waste away; to dwindle. AÏtro¶piÏa (?), n. Same as Atropine. At¶roÏpine (?), n. [Gr. ? inflexible; hence ? ?, one of the three Parc‘; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Chem.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine. At¶roÏpism (?), n. (Med.) A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna. At¶roÏpous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Bot.) Not inverted; orthotropous. A¶trous (?), a. [L. ater.] CoalÐblack; very black. Ø AÏtry¶pa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a hole.] (Paleon.) A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones. At¶taÏbal (?), n. See Atabal. Ø AtÏtac¶ca (?). [It., fr. attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.] (Mus.) Attack at once; Ð a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaching.] [OF. atachier, F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. tac, tach, nail, E. tack a small nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see Tack.] 1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. The shoulder blade is... attached only to the muscles. Paley. A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay. 2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or ship. 3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or selfÐinterest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; Ð with to; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery. Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen. God... by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper. 4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; Ð with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance. Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor. 5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak. 6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; Ð applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4. The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge. Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it. Syn. - To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. i. 1. To adhere; to be attached. The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted. Brougham. 2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; as, dower will attach. Cooley. AtÏtach¶, n. An attachment. [Obs.] Pope. AtÏtach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept. Ø At·taÏch‚¶ (?), n. [F., p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v. t.] One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy. AtÏtach¶ment (?), n. [F. attachment.] 1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an? passion of affection that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party. 2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. The human mind... has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its attachment to this history. I. Taylor. 3 Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine attachment (i. e., a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.). 4. (Giv. Law) (a) A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process. (b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking. µ The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms attachment and arrest are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. Attachment are issued at common law and is chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, attachment is employed in some cases where capias is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of attachment is a species of mesne process upon which the property of a defendant may be saized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See Foreign, Garnishment, Truster process. Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone. Syn. - Attachment, Affection. The leading idea of affection is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in affection, and more of principle in preserving attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term attachment is applied to a wider range of objects than affection. A man may have a strong attachment to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word affection. AtÏtack¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attacking.] [F. attaquer, orig. another form of attacher to ~: cf. It. attacare to fasten, ~. See Attach, Tack a small nail.] 1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault. ½Attack their lines.¸ Dryden. 2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet. 3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation. 4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste. On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever. Macaulay. Hydrofluoric acid... attacks the glass. B. Stewart. Syn. - To Attack, Assail, Assault, Invade. These words all denote a violent onset; attack being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To attack is to commence the onset; to assail is to make a sudden and violent ~, or to make repeated attacks; to assault (literally, to leap upon) is to ~ physically by a hadÐtoÐhand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to invade is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may attack by offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means of missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal violence; a king may invade by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men attack with argument or satire; they assail with abuse or reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be invaded by the encroachments of the crown. AtÏtack¶, v. i. To make an onset or ~. AtÏtack¶, n. [Cf. F. attaque.] 1. The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; Ð opposed to defense. 2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words. 3. A setting to work upon some task, etc. 4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness. 5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent. AtÏtack¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attacked. AtÏtack¶er (?), n. One who attacks. At¶taÏgas (?), At¶taÏgen (?), } n. [L. attagen a kind of bird, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zo”l.) A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.

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