Chapter 66

Syn. - To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. Ð To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended, though not comprehended, by rational beings. ½We may apprehended much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is embraced in these characters.¸ Trench. Ap·preÏhend¶, v. i. 1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose. 2. To be apprehensive; to fear. It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe. Ap·preÏhend¶er (?), n. One who apprehends. Ap·preÏhen·siÏbi¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey. Ap·preÏhen¶siÏble (?), a. [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.] Capable of being apprehended or conceived. ½Apprehensible by faith.¸ Bp. Hall. Ð Ap·ÏpreÏhen¶siÏbly, adv. Ap·preÏhen¶sion (?), n. [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appr‚hension. See Apprehend.] 1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne. 2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped. 3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception. Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object. Glanvill. 4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea. µ In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts prove the issue. To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension. South. 5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man of dull apprehension. 6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil. After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life. Addison. Syn. - Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and transient. Ap·preÏhen¶sive (?), a. [Cf. F. appr‚hensif. See Apprehend.] 1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning. It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive... friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne. 2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.] A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor. 3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension. Judgment... is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton. 4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil. Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson. Reformers... apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone. 5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.] Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏly, adv. In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏness, n. The quality or state of being apprehensive. ApÏpren¶tice (?), n. [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.] 1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him. 2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro. 3. (Old law) A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.] Blackstone. ApÏpren¶tice , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprenticing .] To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business. ApÏpre¶ticeÏage , n. [F. apprentissage.] Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏhood, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏship, n. 1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement. 2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twentyÐone). ApÏpressed¶, ApÏprest¶ } , a. [p. p. appress, which is not in use. See Adpress.] (Bot.) Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem, Gray. ApÏprise¶ , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.] [ F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.] To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; Ð followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done. ApÏprise¶, n. Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower. ApÏpriz¶al , n. See Appraisal. ApÏprize¶ , v. t. [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. pretiare.] To appraise; to value; to appreciate. ApÏprize¶ment , n. Appraisement. ApÏpriz¶er , n. 1. An appraiser. 2. (Scots Law) A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott. ApÏproach¶ , v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached ; p. pr. & vb. n. Approaching.] [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.] 1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw ?igh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city? 2 Sam. xi. 20. But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25. 2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman. ApÏproach¶, v. t. 1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle. 2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple. 3. (Mil.) To take approaches to. ApÏproach¶, n. [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.] 1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. ½The approach of summer.¸ Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen. 2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon. 3. pl. Movements to gain favor; advances. 4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay. 5. pl. (Fort.) The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post. 6. (Hort.) See Approaching. ApÏproach·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being approachable; approachableness. ApÏproach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue. ApÏproach¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility. ApÏproah¶er (?), n. One who approaches. ApÏproach¶ing, n. (Hort.) The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; Ð called, also, inarching and grafting by approach. ApÏproach¶less, a. Impossible to be approached. ApÏproach¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. approachement.] Approach. [Archaic] Holland. Ap¶proÏbate (?), a. [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.] Approved. [Obs.] Elyot. Ap¶proÏbate (?), v. t. To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially. I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton. µ This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816). Ap·proÏba¶tion (?), n. [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See Approve to prove.] 1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many... joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals... love approbation or praise. Darwin. 3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak. Syn. - Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. Ð Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. ½We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences.¸ ½He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass.¸ ½The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution.¸ Ap¶proÏbaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approbatif.] Approving, or implying approbation. Milner. Ap¶proÏbaÏtiveÏness, n. 1. The quality of being approbative. 2. (Phren.) Love of approbation. Ap¶proÏba·tor (?), n. [L.] One who approves. [R.] Ap¶proÏba·toÏry (?), a. Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon. ApÏpromt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + promt.] To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.] To appromt our invention. Bacon. ApÏproof¶ (?), n. [See Approve, and Proof.] 1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak. 2. Approval; commendation. Shak. Ap·proÏpin¶quate (?), v. i. [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near.] To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton. Ap·proÏpinÏqua¶tion (?), n. [L. appropinquatio.] A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall. Ap·proÏpin¶quiÏty (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + propinquity.] Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory. ApÏpro¶pre (?), v. t. [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See Appropriate.] To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏble (?), a. [See Appropriate.] Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏment (?), n. What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.] If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), a. [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad + propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Proper.] Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet. It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke. ApÏpro¶priÏat? (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating (?).] 1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit. 2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; Ð with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy. 3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley. 4. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), n. A property; attribute. [Obs.] ApÏpro¶priÏateÏly, adv. In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly. ApÏpro¶priÏateÏness, n. The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness. Froude. ApÏpro·priÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.] 1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object. 2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay. 3. (Law) (a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtive (?), a. Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an appropriative act. Ð ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏpro¶priÏa·tor (?), n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. (Law) A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶aÏble (?), a. Worthy o? be?? approved; meritorious. Ð ApÏprov¶aÏbleÏness, n. ApÏprov¶al (?), n. Approbation; sanction. A censor... without whose approval n? capital sentences are to be executed. Temple. Syn. - See Approbation. ApÏprov¶ance (?), n. Approval. [Archaic] A parents... deign approvance. Thomson. ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.] [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to ~, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, ~, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.] 1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy? Approve First thy obedience. Milton. 2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. Opportunities to approve... worth. Emerson. He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay. 'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron. His account... approves him a man of thought. Parkman. 3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a courtÐmartial. 4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration. 5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog???. µ This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think favorably (of), is often followed by of. They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay. They approved of the political institutions. W. Black. <-- p. 75 -->

ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aprouer; ? (L. ad) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law) To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor. ApÏprov¶edÏly (?), adv. So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner. ApÏprove¶ment (?), n. [Obs.] 1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward. 2. (Eng. Law) a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier. ApÏprove¶ment, n. (Old Eng. Law) Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶er (?), n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial. 2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3.(Eng. Law) One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st Approvement, 2. ApÏprov¶er, n. [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law) A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs. ApÏprov¶ing, a. Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile. Ð ApÏprov¶ingÏly, adv. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), a. [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.] 1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling. 2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. ÷ quantities (Math.), those which are nearly, but not, equal. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approximating.] 1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke. 2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse. ApÏprox¶iÏmate, v. i. To draw; to approach. ApÏprox¶iÏmateÏly (?), adv. With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly. ApÏprox·iÏma¶tion (?). n. [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.] 1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor. 2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc. 3. (Math.) (a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct. ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approximatif.] Approaching; approximate. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏprox¶iÏma·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, approximates. Ø Ap·pui¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr. ?, dim. of ?, ?, foot.] A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.] If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and appuies set to it. Holland. Point d'appui (?). [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc. Ap¶pulse (?; 277), n. [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.] 1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against. In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder. 2. (Astron.) The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian. ApÏpul¶sion (?), n. A driving or striking against; an appulse. ApÏpul¶sive (?), a. Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the planets. P. Cyc. ApÏpul¶siveÏly, adv. By appulsion. ApÏpur¶teÏnance (?), n. [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.] That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes... provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid. ApÏpur¶teÏnant (?), a. [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See Appurtenance.] Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; inc?dent; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common ~. (Law) See under Common, n. ApÏpur¶teÏnant, n, Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge. Ap¶riÏcate (?), v. t. & i. [ L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr. apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.] To bask in the sun. Boyle. Ap·riÏca¶tion , n. Basking in the sun. [R.] A¶priÏcot , n. [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp. albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq?q, alÐburq?q. Though the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. ?, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. praecoquus, praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.) A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linn‘us) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone. A¶pril (?), n. [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.] 1. The fourth month of the year. 2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. ÷ fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of ÷. Ø A· priÏo¶ri (?). [L. a (ab) + prior former.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori. 2. Presumptive; presumptively; without examination. 3.(Philos.) Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible. A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have pre‰xisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge. A·priÏo¶rism (?), n. [Cf. F. apriorisme.] An a priori principle. A·priÏor¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; a priori reasoning. Ø AÏproc¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? anus.] (Zo”l.) A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture. AÏproc¶tous (?), a.ÿ(Zo”l.) Without an anal office. A¶pron (?; 277), n. [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.] 1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings. 2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an ~; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. ½The weather being too hot for the apron.¸ Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zo”l.) The infolded abdomen of a crab. A¶proned (?), a. Wearing an apron. A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope. A¶pronÏful (?), n.; pl. Apronfuls (?). The quality an apron can hold. A¶pronÏless, a. Without an apron. A¶pron man· (?). A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.] Shak. A¶pron string· (?). The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother. He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.