Chapter 49

AnÏcho¶vy pear· (?). (Bot.) A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this fruit. An¶chuÏsin (?), n. [L. anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. ?.] (Chem.) A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root. An¶chyÏlose (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Anchylosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anchylosing.] [Cf. F. ankyloser.] To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one. [Spelt also ankylose.] Owen. Ø An·chyÏlo¶sis, An·kyÏlo¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?, fr. ? to crook, stiffen, fr. ? crooked: cf. F. ankylose.] 1. (Med.) Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint. Dunglison. 2. (Anat.) The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals. An·chyÏlot¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anchylosis. An¶cient (?), a. [OE. auncien, F. ancien, LL. antianus, fr. L. ante before. See AnteÏ, pref.] 1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; Ð opposed to modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days. Witness those ancient empires of the earth. Milton. Gildas Albanius... much ancienter than his namesake surnamed the Wise. Fuller. 2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle. ½Our ancient bickerings.¸ Shak. Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers have set. Prov. xxii. 28. An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for quarters. Scott. 3. Known for a long time, or from early times; Ð opposed to recent or new; as, the ancient continent. A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance. Barrow. 4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable. [Archaic] He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and ancient. Holland. 5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.] Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most ancient in the business of the realm. Berners. 6. Former; sometime. [Obs.] They mourned their ancient leader lost. Pope. ÷ demesne (Eng. Law), a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called Domesday Book. Ð ÷ lights (Law), windows and other openings which have been enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right. Syn. - Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; oldÐfashioned; obsolete. Ð Ancient, Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique, Antic, Old. Ð Ancient is opposed to modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient family, ancient landmarks, ancient institutions, systems of thought, etc. Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or fashion; as, antiquated furniture, antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete is commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference to language, customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or phrase, an obsolete expression. Antique is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust, etc.; or to that which is made to imitate some ~ work of art; as, an antique temple. In the days of Shakespeare, antique was often used for ancient; as, ½an antique song,¸ ½an antique Roman;¸ and hence, from singularity often attached to what is ~, it was used in the sense of grotesque; as, ½an oak whose antique root peeps out; ¸ and hence came our present word antic, denoting grotesque or ridiculous. We usually apply both ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never, the old stars, an old river or mountain. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh, or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient; as, ancient republics, ancient heroes; and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. An¶cient, n. 1. pl. Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the moderns. 2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of influence. The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people, and the princes thereof. Isa. iii. 14. 3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor. [Obs.] Junius and Andronicus... in Christianity... were his ancients. Hooker. 4. pl. (Eng. Law) One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chanc?y. Council of Ancients (French Hist.), one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in 1795. Brande. An¶cient, n. [Corrupted from ensign.] 1. An ensign or flag. [Obs.] More dishonorable ragged than an oldÐfaced ancient. Shak. 2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign. [Obs.] This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. Shak. An¶cientÏly, adv. 1. In ancient times. 2. In an ancient manner. [R.] An¶cientÏness, n. The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times. An¶cientÏry (?), n. 1. Antiquity; what is ancient. They contain not word of ancientry. West. 2. Old age; also, old people. [R.] Wronging the ancientry. Shak. 3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth. A gentleman of more ancientry than estate. Fuller. An¶cientÏy (?), n. [F. anciennet‚, fr. ancien. See Ancient.] 1. Age; antiquity. [Obs.] Martin. 2. Seniority. [Obs.] Ø AnÏci¶le (?), n. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The sacred shield of the Romans, said to haveÐfallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome. An¶cilÏlaÏry (?), a. [L. ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female servant.] Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary. The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater province. Hallam. AnÏcille¶ (?), n. [OF. ancelle, L. ancilla.] A maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.] Chaucer. { AnÏcip¶iÏtal (?), AnÏcip¶iÏtous (?), } a. [L. anceps, ancipitis, twoÐheaded, double; anÏ for ambÏ on both sides + caput head.] (Bot.) TwoÐedged instead of round; Ð said of certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves. AnÏcis¶troid (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? a hook + ? shape.] HookÐshaped. An¶cle (?), n. See Ankle. An¶come (?), n. [AS. ancuman, oncuman, to come.] A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow. [Obs.] Boucher. Ø An¶con (?), n.; L. pl. Ancones (?). [L., fr. Gr. ? the bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.] (Anat.) The olecranon, or the elbow. ÷ sheep (Zo”l.), a breed of sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in Massachusetts in 1791; Ð called also the otter breed. { An¶con (?), An¶cone (?), } n. [See Ancon, above.] (Arch.) (a) The corner or quoin of a wall, crossÐbeam, or rafter. [Obs.] Gwilt. (b) A bracket supporting a cornice; a console. { An¶coÏnal (?), AnÏco¶neÏal (?), } a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow. ½The olecranon on anconeal process.¸ Flower. Ø AnÏco¶neÏus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.) A muscle of the elbow and forearm. An¶coÏnoid (?), a. Elbowlike; anconal. An¶coÏny (?), n. [Origin unknown.] (Iron Work) A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but unwrought at the ends. ÏanÏcy. [L. Ïantia.Ï A suffix expressing more strongly than Ïance the idea of quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy, infancy. And (?), conj. [AS. and; akin to OS. endi, Icel. enda, OHG. anti, enti, inti, unti, G. und, D. en, OD. ende. Cf, An if, AnteÏ.] 1. A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence. (a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, ½there are women and women,¸ that is, two very different sorts of women. (b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by and; as, ½the tediousness and process of my travel,¸ that is, the tedious process, etc.; ½thy fair and outward character,¸ that is, thy outwardly fair character, Schmidt's Shak. Lex. 2. In order to; Ð used instead of the infinitival to, especially after try, come, go. At least to try and teach the erring soul. Milton. 3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak. 4. If; though. See An, conj. [Obs.] Chaucer. As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs. Bacon. ÷ so forth, and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or & c., is usually read and so forth. An¶daÏbaÏtism (?), n. [L. andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought hoodwinked.] Doubt; uncertainty. [Obs.] Shelford. An·daÏlu¶site (?), n. (Min.) A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain. Ø AnÏdan¶te (?), a. [It. andante, p. pr. of andare to go.] (Mus.) Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto. Ð n. A movement or piece in andante time. Ø An·danÏti¶no (?), a. [It., dim. of andante.] (Mus.) Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto. µ Some, taking andante in its original sense of ½going,¸ and andantino as its diminutive, or ½less going,¸ define the latter as slower than andante. An¶daÏrac (?), n. [A corruption of sandarac.] Red orpiment. Coxe. AÏde¶an , a. Pertaining to the Andes. An¶desÏine (?), n. (Min.) A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the Andes. An¶desÏite (?), n. (Min.) An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene. An¶dine (?), a. Andean; as, Andine flora. And¶i·ron (?), n. [OE. anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF. andier, F. landier, fr. LL. andena, andela, anderia, of unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with brandÐiron, AS. brandÐÆsen.] A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons. An·draÏnat¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ?: cf. F. andranatomie. See Anatomy, Androtomy.] The dissection of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy. Coxe. Ø AnÏdr?¶ciÏum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, man + ? house.] (bot.) The stamens of a flower taken collectively. An¶droÏgyne (?), n. 1. An hermaphrodite. 2. (Bot.) An androgynous plant. Whewell. { AnÏdrog¶yÏnous (?), AnÏdrog¶yÏnal (?), } a. [L. androgynus, Gr. ?; ?, ?, man + ? woman: cf. F. androgyne.] 1. Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic. Owen. The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous. Coleridge. 2. (Bot.) Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster. { AnÏdrog¶yÏny (?), AnÏdrog¶yÏnism (?), } n. Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism. { An¶droid (?), Ø AnÏdroi¶des (?), } n. [Gr. ? of man's form; ?, ?, man + ? form.] A machine or automation in the form of a human being. An¶droid, a. Resembling a man. AnÏdrom¶eÏda (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by Perseus.] 1. (Astron.) A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical ÷. 2. (bot.) A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water. Ø An¶dron (?), n. [L. andron, Gr. ?, fr. ?, ?, man.] (Gr. & Rom. Arch.) The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower part of the house. An·droÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers, like the garden ranunculus. Brande. Ø AnÏdroph¶aÏgi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ?, ?, man + ? to eat.] Cannibals; manÐeaters; anthropophagi. [R.] AnÏdroph¶aÏgous (?), a. Anthropophagous. An¶droÏphore (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? to bear.] 1. (Bot.) A support or column on which stamens are raised. Gray. 2. (Zo”l.) The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores. An¶droÏsphinx (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? sphinx.] (Egypt. Art.) A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a lion. An¶droÏspore (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, a man + ? a seed.] (Bot.) A spore of some alg‘, which has male functions. AnÏdrot¶oÏmous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts. AnÏdrot¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? a cutting. Cf. Anatomy.] Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from zo”tomy; anthropotomy. [R.] Ïan¶drous (?). [Gr. ?, ?, a man.] (Bot.) A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as, monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with many stamens. AÏnear¶ (?), prep. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + near.] Near. [R.] ½It did not come anear.¸ Coleridge. The measure of misery anear us. I. Taylor. AÏnear¶, v. t. & i. To near; to approach. [Archaic] AÏneath¶ (?), prep. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + neath for beneath.] Beneath. [Scot.] An¶ecÏdo·tage (?), n. Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes. All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of lies. De Quincey. An¶ecÏdo·tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal conversation. An¶ecÏdote (?), n. [F. anecdote, fr. Gr. ? not published; ? priv. + ? given out, ? to give out, to publish; ? out + ? to give. See Dose, n.] 1. pl. Unpublished narratives. Burke. 2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life. { An·ecÏdot¶ic (?), An·ecÏdot¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes. ½Anecdotical traditions.¸ Bolingbroke. An¶ecÏdo¶tist (?), n. One who relates or collects anecdotes. An¶eÏlace (?), n. Same as Anlace. AÏnele¶ (?), v. t. [OE. anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L. oleum. See Oil, Anoil.] 1. To anoit. Shipley. 2. To give extreme unction to. [Obs.] R. of Brunne. An·eÏlec¶tric (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. electric.] (Physics) Not becoming electrified by friction; Ð opposed to idioelectric. Ð n. A substance incapable of being electrified by friction. Faraday. An·eÏlec¶trode (?), n. [Gr. ? up + E. electrode.] (Elec.) The positive pole of a voltaic battery. Ø An·eÏlecÏtrot¶oÏnus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? up + E. electrotonus.] (Physiol.) The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it. Foster. AÏnem¶oÏgram (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgram.] A record made by an anemograph. AÏnem¶oÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgraph.]

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An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind. Knight. AÏnem·oÏgraph¶ic (?), a. Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography. An·eÏmog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgraphy.] 1. A description of the winds. 2. The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph. An·eÏmol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïlogy.] The science of the wind. An·eÏmom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïmeter.] An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge. { An·eÏmoÏmet¶ric (?), An·eÏmoÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to anemometry. An·eÏmoÏmet¶roÏgraph (?), n. [Anemometer + Ïgraph.] An anemograph. Knight. An·eÏmom¶eÏtry (?), n. The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind. AÏnem¶oÏne (?), n. [L. anemone, Gr. ?, fr. ? wind.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens. 2. (Zo”l.) The sea ~. See Actinia, and Sea anemone. µ This word is sometimes pronounced ?n??Ïm??Ïn?, especially by classical scholars. An·eÏmon¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin. AÏnem¶oÏnin (?), n. (Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone. AÏnem¶oÏny (?), n. See Anemone. Sandys. An·eÏmorph¶iÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ? wind + ? lover.] (Bot.) Fertilized by the agency of the wind; Ð said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; windÐFertilized. Lubbock. AÏnem¶oÏscope (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïscope: cf. F. an‚moscope.] An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathÐercock; Ð usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind. { AnÏen·ceÏphal¶ic (?), An·enÏceph¶aÏlous (?), } a. [Gr. ?, priv. + ? the brain: cf. Encephalon.] (Zo”l.) Without a brain; brainless. Todd & B. { AÏnenst¶ (?), AÏnent¶ (?), } prep. [OE. anent, anentis, anence, anens, anents, AS. onefen, onemn; an, on, on + efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See Even, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. Over against; as, he lives anent the church. 2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said nothing anent this particular. AnÏen¶terÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? intestine, ? within, ? in.] (Zo”l.) Destitute of a stomach or an intestine. Owen. An¶eÏroid (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? wet, moist + Ïoid: cf. F. an‚ro‹de.] Containing no liquid; Ð said of kind of barometer. ~ barometer, a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure. An¶eÏroid, n. An ~ barometer. Anes (?), adv. Once. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Ø An·esÏthe¶siÏa (?), n., An·esÏthet¶ic (?), a. Same as An‘sthesia, An‘sthetic. An¶et (?), n. [F. aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. ?. See Anise.] The herb dill, or dillseed. An¶eÏthol (?), n. [L. anethum (see Anise) + Ïol.] (Chem.) A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shinning scales; Ð called also anise camphor. Watts. AÏnet¶ic (?), a. [L. aneticus, Gr. ? relaxing; ? back + ? to send.] (Med.) Soothing. An¶euÏrism (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, a widening, an opening; ? up + ? wide.] (Med.) A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also aneurysm.] An·euÏris¶mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as, an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal diathesis. [Written also aneurysmal.] AÏnew¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + new.] Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to create anew. Dryden.