Chapter 27

AfÏfront¶iveÏness (?), n. The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey. AfÏfuse¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing (?).] [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See Fuse.] To pour out or upon. [R.] I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle. AfÏfu¶sion (?), n. [Cf. F. affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison. AfÏfy¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied (?); p. ?r. Affying.] [OF. afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.] 1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.] 2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu. AfÏfy¶, v. i. To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak. Af¶ghan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Afghanistan. Af¶ghan, n. 1. A native of Afghanistan. 2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap. AÏfield¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + field.] 1. To, in, or on the field. ½We drove afield.¸ Milton. How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray. 2. Out of the way; astray. Why should he wander afield at the age of fiftyÐfive! Trollope. AÏfire¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + fire.] On fire. AÏflame¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flame.] Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot. AÏflat¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + flat.] Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon. AÏflaunt¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flaunt.] In a flaunting state or position. Copley. AÏflick¶er (?)(?), adv. & a [Pref. aÏ + flicker.] In a flickering state. AÏfloat¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + float.] 1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak. 2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat. 3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat. AÏflow¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flow.] Flowing. Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning. AÏflush¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flush, n.] In a flushed or blushing state. AÏflush¶, adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flush, a.] On a level. The bank is... aflush with the sea. Swinburne. AÏflut¶ter (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flutter.] In a flutter; agitated. AÏfoam¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + foam.] In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam. AÏfoot¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + foot.] 1. On foot. We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak. 2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress. The matter being afoot. Shak. AÏfore¶ (?), adv. [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or ‘tforan; pref. aÏ + fore.] 1. Before. [Obs. or Dial.] If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak. 2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a vessel. AÏfore¶, prep. 1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic] 2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the windlass. ÷ the mast, among the common sailors; Ð a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers. AÏfore¶cit·ed (?), a. Named or quoted before. AÏfore¶go·ing (?), a. GoÆng before; foregoing. AÏfore¶hand· (?)(?) adv. Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.] She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8. AÏfore¶hand·, a. Prepared; previously provided; Ð opposed to behindhand. [Archaic or Dial.] Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon. AÏfore¶men·tioned (?), a. Previously mentioned; beforeÐmentioned. Addison. AÏfore¶named· (?), a. Named before. Peacham. AÏfore¶said· (?), a. Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified. AÏfore¶thought· (?), a. Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier. AÏfore¶thought·, n. Premeditation. AÏfore¶time· (?), adv. In time past; formerly. ½He prayed... as he did aforetime.¸ Dan. vi. 10. Ø A for·tiÏo¶ri (?). [L.] (Logic & Math.) With stronger reason. AÏfoul¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + foul.] In collision; entangled. Totten. To run ~ of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury. AÏfraid¶ (?), p. a. [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] ½Back they recoiled, afraid.¸ Milton. µ This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. ½I am afraid to die.¸ ½I am afraid he will chastise me.¸ ½Be not afraid that I your hand should take.¸ Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter. Syn. Ð Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious. Af¶reet (?), n. Same as Afrit. AÏfresh¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + fresh.] Anew; again; once more; newly. They crucify... the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6. Af¶ric (?), a. African. Ð n. Africa. [Poetic] Af¶riÏcan (?), a. [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.] Of or pertaining to Africa. ÷ hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. Ð ÷ marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). Ð ÷ oak or ÷ teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. Af¶riÏcan, n. A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race. Af·riÏcan¶der (?), n. One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a ½colored¸ mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers. Af¶riÏcanÏism (?), n. A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans. ½The knotty Africanisms... of the fathers.¸ Milton. Af¶riÏcanÏize (?), v. t. To place under the domination of Africans or negroes. [Amer.] Bartlett. Af¶rit (?), Af¶rite (?), Af¶reet (?), n. [Arab. 'ifrÆt.] (Moham. Myth.) A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant. AÏfront¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + front.] In front; face to face. Ð prep. In front of. Shak. Aft (?), adv. & a. [AS. ‘ftan behind; orig. superl. of of, off. See After.] (Naut.) Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft. Aft¶er (?), a. [AS. ‘fter after, behind; akin to Goth. aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel. aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG. aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. ? further off. The ending Ïter is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally Ïther (as in other), and after is a compar. of of, off. ? See Of; cf. Aft.] 1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of life. Marshall. µ In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, afterÐages, afterÐact, afterÐdays, afterÐlife. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when after has this meaning. 2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; Ð applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway. It is often combined with its noun; as, afterÐbowlines, afterÐbraces, afterÐsails, afterÐyards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts. ÷ body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part. Aft¶er, prep. 1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. ½Shut doors after you.¸ Shak. 2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak. Codrus after Ph?bus sings the best. Dryden. 3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and the clause. After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt. xxvi. 32. 4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said, I shall be careful. 5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you took that course. 6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of. Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14. After whom is the king of Israel come out? 1 Sam. xxiv. 14. 7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after righteousness. 8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his father. To name or call ~, to name like and reference to. Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith. 9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; as, he acted after his kind. He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3. They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom. viii. 5. 10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. [Archaic] He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. Bacon. ÷ all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole. Ð ÷ (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.) successively. Ð One ~ another, successively. Ð To be ~, to be pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after money. Aft¶er, adv. Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he follows after. It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7. µ After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in afterÐ described, afterÏdinner, afterÐpart. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1. Aft¶erÏbirth· (?), n. (Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery. Aft¶erÏcast· (?), n. A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late. Gower. Aft¶erÏclap· (?), n. An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser. Aft¶erÏcrop· (?), n. A second crop or harvest in the same year. Mortimer. Aft¶er damp· (?). An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See Carbonic acid. Aft¶erÐdin·ner (?), n. The time just after dinner. ½An afterÏdinner's sleep.¸ Shak. [Obs.] Ð a. Following dinner; postÐprandial; as, an afterÐdinner nap. Aft¶erÐeat·age (?), n. Aftergrass. Aft¶erÏeye· (?), v. t. To look after. [Poetic] Shak. Aft¶erÏgame· (?), n. A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient. Wotton. ÷ at Irish, an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon. Beau. & Fl. Aft¶erÐglow· (?), n. A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset. Aft¶erÏgrass· (?), n. The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath. Aft¶erÏgrowth· (?), n. A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development. J. S. Mill. Aft¶erÏguard· (?), n. (Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the afterÐsails. Totten. Aft¶erÐim·age (?), n. The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc. Aft¶erÏings (?), n. pl. The last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs. or Dial.] Grose. Aft¶erÏmath (?), n. [After + math. See Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen. Holland. Aft¶erÐmen·tioned (?), a. Mentioned afterwards; as, persons afterÐmentioned (in a writing). Aft¶erÏmost (?), a. superl. [OE. eftemest, AS. ‘ftemest,akin to Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig. a superlative of of, with the superlative endings Ïte, Ïme, Ïst.] 1. Hindmost; Ð opposed to foremost. 2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most aft. Aft¶erÏnoon¶ (?), n. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening. Aft¶erÐnote· (?), n. (Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note. Aft¶erÏpains· (?), n. pl. (Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth. Aft¶erÏpiece· (?), n. 1. A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment. 2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder. Aft¶erÐsails· (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast. Totten. Aft¶erÏshaft· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The hypoptilum. Aft¶erÏtaste· (?), n. A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking. Aft¶erÏthought· (?), n. Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient. Aft¶erÏwards (?), Aft¶erÏward (?), } adv. [AS. ‘fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and Ïward (suffix). The final s in afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending.] At a later or succeeding time. Aft¶erÏwise· (?), a. Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late. Aft¶erÐwit· (?), n. Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use. ½AfterÐwit comes too late when the mischief is done.¸ L'Estrange. Aft¶erÐwit·ted (?), a. Characterized by afterwit; slowÐwitted. Tyndale. Aft¶most (?), a. (Naut.) Nearest the stern. Aft¶ward (?), adv. (Naut.) Toward the stern. Ø AÏga¶ or Ø AÏgha¶ (?), n. [Turk. adh¾ a great lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect. AÏgain¶ (?; 277), adv. [OE. agein, agayn, AS. ongegn, onge n, against, again; on + ge n, akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn. Cf. Gainsay.] 1. In return, back; as, bring us word again. 2. Another time; once more; anew. If a man die, shall he live again? Job xiv. 14. 3. Once repeated; Ð of quantity; as, as large again, half as much again. 4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon. 5. On the other hand. ½The one is mi sovereign... the other again is my kinsman.¸ Shak. 6. Moreover; besides; further. Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche?. ÷ and ~, more than once; often; repeatedly. Ð Now and ~, now and then; occasionally. Ð To and ~, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe. µ Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, againÐwitness, to witness against; againÐride, to ride against; againÏcome, to come against, to encounter; againÏbring, to bring back, etc. AÏgain¶ (?), AÏgains¶ (?), } prep. Against; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.] Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer. AÏgain¶buy· (?), v. t. To redeem. [Obs.] Wyclif. AÏgain¶say· (?), v. t. To gainsay. [Obs.] Wyclif. AÏgainst¶ (?; 277), prep. [OE. agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See Again.] 1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; Ð in this sense often preceded by over. Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale. 2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof. 3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time. The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding. An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale. 4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.] Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings xvi. 11. ÷ the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move. AÏgain¶stand· (?), v. t. To withstand. [Obs.] AÏgain¶ward (?), adv. Back again. [Obs.]

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