Chapter 25

Af¶faÏbrous (?), a. [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.] Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.] Bailey. AfÏfair¶ (?), n. [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.] 1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; Ð often in the plural. ½At the head of affairs.¸ Junius. ½A talent for affairs.¸ Prescott. 2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love, i. e., an intrigue. 3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle. 4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.] And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman. 5. A material object (vaguely designated). A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne. AfÏfam¶ish (?), v. t. & i. [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfam¶ishÏment (?), n. Starvation. Bp. Hall. AfÏfat¶uÏate (?), v. t. [L. ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton. AfÏfear¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aferen, AS. ¾f?ran. See Afeard.] To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfect¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See Fact.] 1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay. 2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles. 3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. Fuller. 4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for ?t, indeed. Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. Hazlitt. 5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. Milton. 6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial ?way. Dryden. 7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton. 8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. Shak. 9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray. Syn. Ð To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume. AfÏfect¶, n. [L. affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.] Shak. Af·fecÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.] 1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. ½An affectation of contempt.¸ Macaulay. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. Locke. 2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. 3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker. Af·fecÏta¶tionÏist, n. One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall. AfÏfect¶ed (?), p. p. & a. 1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.] His affected Hercules. Chapman. 2. Inclined; disposed; attached. How stand you affected his wish? Shak. 3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real. He is... too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak. 4. Assumed artificially; not natural. Affected coldness and indifference. Addison. 5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation. AfÏfect¶edÏly, adv. 1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality. 2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak. AfÏfect¶edÏness, n. Affectation. AfÏfect¶er (?), n. One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after. ½Affecters of wit.¸ Abp. Secker. AfÏfect·iÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or state of being affectible. [R.] AfÏfect¶iÏbl? (?), a. That may be affected. [R.] Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. Coleridge. AfÏfect¶ing, a. 1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight. The most affecting music is generally the most simple. Mitford. 2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.] A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak. AfÏfect¶ingÏly (?), adv. In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions. AfÏfec¶tion (?), n. [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See Affect.] 1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected. 2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc., are affections of bodies. ½The affections of quantity.¸ Boyle. And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. Tennyson. 3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc.; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan. 4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; Ð often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay. 5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer. 6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection. Dunglison. 7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton. 8. Affectation. [Obs.] ½Spruce affection.¸ Shak. 9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.] Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser. Syn. Ð Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See Attachment; Disease. AdÏfec¶tionÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature. AfÏfec¶tionÏate (?), a. [Cf. F. affectionn‚.] 1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother. 2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson. Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. Sprat. 3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language. 4. Strongly inclined; Ð with to. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. Ð Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent. AfÏfec¶tionÏa·ted, a. Disposed; inclined. [Obs.] Affectionated to the people. Holinshed. AfÏfec¶tionÏateÏly, adv. With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly. AfÏfec¶tionÏateÏness, n. The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection. AfÏfec¶tioned (?), a. 1. Disposed. [Archaic] Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10. 2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak. AfÏfec¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. affectif.] 1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet. 2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers. AfÏfec¶tiveÏly, adv. In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally. AfÏfec¶tuÏous (?; 135), a. [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See Affect.] Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] Ð AfÏfec¶tuÏousÏly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan. AfÏfeer¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri??.] 1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] ½The title is affeered.¸ Shak. 2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum. Amercements... were affeered by the judges. Blackstone. AfÏfeer¶er (?), AfÏfeer¶or (?), } n. [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One who affeers. Cowell. AfÏfeer¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law) The act of affeering. Blackstone. Af¶ferÏent (?), a. [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; Ð opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain. Ø AfÏfet·tuÏo¶so (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) With feeling. AfÏfi¶ance (?), n. [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance, fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.] 1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise. 2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence. Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love. Sir J. Stephen. Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most affiance. Tennyson. AfÏfi¶ance, v. t. [imp. ? p. p. Affianced (?); p. pr. ? vb. n. Affiancing (?).] [Cf. OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.] 1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage. To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser. 2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope. AfÏfi¶anÏcer (?), n. One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons. AfÏfi¶ant (?), n. [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill. Syn. Ð Deponent. See Deponent. Af·fiÏda¶vit (?), n. [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill. µ It is always made ex parte, and without crossÐexamination, and in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation. Syn. Ð Deposition. See Deposition. AfÏfile¶ (?), v. t. [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad) + fil thread, edge.] To polish. [Obs.] AfÏfil¶iÏaÏble (?), a. Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin. AfÏfil¶iÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating (?).] [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius son: cf. F. affilier.] 1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally. Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion? I. Taylor. 2. To fix the paternity of; Ð said of an illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another. 3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to. How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes? H. Spencer. 4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; Ð followed by to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central society, or with each other. AfÏfil¶iÏate, v. i. To connect or associate one's self; Ð followed by with; as, they affiliate with no party. AfÏfil·iÏa¶tion (?), n. [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.] 1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society. 2. (Law) The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation. 3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer. AfÏfi¶nal (?), a. [L. affinis.] Related by marriage; from the same source. AfÏfine¶ (?), v. t. [F. affiner to refine; ? (L. ad) + fin fine. See Fine.] To refine. [Obs.] Holland. AfÏfined¶ (?), a. [OF. afin‚ related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] ½All affined and kin.¸ Shak. AfÏfin¶iÏtaÏtive (?), a. Of the nature of affinity. Ð AfÏfin¶iÏtaÏtiveÏly, adv. AfÏfin¶iÏtive, a. Closely connected, as by affinity. AfÏfin¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Affinities (?). [OF. afinit‚, F. affinit‚, L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.] 1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); Ð in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; Ð followed by with, to, or between. Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1. 2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages. There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C. Lewis. 2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.] About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton. 4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective ~ or attraction. 5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe? groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin. 6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction. AfÏfirm¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.] [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.] 1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review. 2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; Ð opposed to deny. Jesus,... whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19. 3. (Law) To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation, 4. Syn. Ð To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify. Ð To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence. AfÏfirm¶, v. i. 1. To declare or assert positively. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth. Milton. 2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation. AfÏfirm¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; Ð followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man. AfÏfirm¶ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. afermance.] 1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act. This statute... in affirmance of the common law. Bacon. 2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.

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