Webster's practical forestry

PAGE Arrangement of Plantations 33 Band and Connecting-Rod 166 Barking Tools 222 Beam Tree in London 103 Beech Tree 50 Blasting and Burning Tree Roots 273 Bracing a Tree 165 Cri...

During the war, and for long afterwards, there is bound to be a dearth of foreign timber, with the result that our home supplies will be taxed to the utmost. This, indeed, is al...

Owing to the war there is little doubt that for several years to come adequate supplies of seeds and young forest trees will not be available from their usual sources on the Con...

=From Seed.=—This natural process of reproduction is that most commonly adopted where large numbers of trees are required—indeed, certain species, particularly of the Coniferæ,...

In the course of my experience on large estates where planting has been extensively engaged in, few things have been more particularly impressed upon me than the importance of h...

=Laying out the Boundary.=—Before commencing actual planting operations several preliminaries must be attended to. These will include (1) laying out the boundary, (2) clearing t...

From a commercial point of view the best trees to plant are such as will produce the largest volume of the most valuable timber in the shortest space of time.

There are many difficulties to encounter in planting high-lying and exposed ground that one would never have to think about in low-lying and sheltered situations. Planting, for...

Few persons other than those who have actually been engaged in the work have the remotest idea of the difficulties to be encountered in the formation of belts and plantations on...

Probably no work connected with horticulture requires more judgment and good management than the planting of trees and shrubs in urban districts. The materials and soil of which...

The well-founded complaint that hedgerow and field trees harbour birds to the serious destruction of the grain crops is largely counterbalanced by their ornamental appearance an...

As the beauty and picturesqueness of an estate are so dependent on the disposition of its single trees, groups and plantations, the forester should never lose sight of the fact,...

There is, perhaps, no soil so bad and barren that it may not be rendered either profitable or ornamental by judicious planting; but, as might be expected, there is often a great...

Where immediate effect is required, the transplanting of large trees and shrubs will be an operation of considerable importance, and though it is fraught with both trouble and e...

In the successful rearing of timber trees for profit there is, perhaps, no other branch of more importance than a good knowledge of the art of thinning, and, at the same time, o...

Where trees are grown for profit, they will, if properly managed, prune themselves, and where for ornament the natural outline is far better than any of the contortions and symm...

Though occasionally resorted to in olden times, particularly in the case of orchard trees, it is only of late years that the systematic treatment of tree wounds and diseases has...

Although coppice wood has deteriorated considerably in value during late years, yet in certain districts and on suitable soils its cultivation is still to be recommended. Unfort...

When we consider that on not a few estates in this country the value of the plantations as game coverts is wellnigh of as much importance as that of the timber produced, it will...

Strictly speaking, hedges are divided into two kinds—useful and ornamental—the former being employed for keeping farm stock in bounds, and the latter in the subdivision of priva...

The list of procumbent or carpeting shrubs that have been found to succeed when planted beneath the shade and drip of forest trees is by no means a long one, and as the clothing...

Whether viewed from a commercial or sylvicultural point of view, the widespread damage caused to timber from insect attacks can scarcely be overrated. The depredations in variou...

Some fungi attack living wood, some dead, and some both; and, while the majority are found growing on the stem, others attack the twigs, leaves or root. They are of all sizes, f...

Previous to the war the price of oak bark—about £2 10_s._ per ton—rendered it questionable whether from a purely financial point of view the operations of stripping and harvesti...

Amongst dead or dying industries of our woodlands that have been revived by the war, none is at present receiving a greater share of attention than the manufacture of charcoal.

These vary so much in different parts of the country that it is almost impossible to give a list that would apply generally to the British Isles. Local demand and the situation...

=Alder= is used extensively for clog soles, barrel staves, mill bobbins, and occasionally in furniture making. It makes excellent charcoal for cooking and heating, as well as th...

Previous to the war, preferential railway and boat rates, aided by keen foreign competition, wellnigh rendered the time-honoured industry of basket-making a thing of the past in...

That the production of timber, in common with other trades, has of late years been rendered far less remunerative than formerly, owing principally to keen foreign competition, i...

In hilly districts very efficient fences of stones may be made where these are abundant. Turf dykes may be constructed on high-lying grounds where stones cannot be readily procu...

To those who are not practically acquainted with the measuring of home-grown timber the following brief remarks in elucidation of the subject will be useful. It may, however, be...

Blasting by gunpowder or dynamite is not only the most expeditious but also the cheapest method of clearing away tree stumps and large logs. In preparing to blast a stump, great...

It may be well to remember, however, that in districts where unusually high or low wages are paid, so in proportion will be the contract prices for the various classes of work.

Exclusive of the forests of China, Corea and parts of Africa and South America, for which there are no available data, the forest area of the world is approximately 3,800,000,00...

Now that the Government is being urged seriously to consider the question of afforestation, it may be opportune on my part, as one of the earliest writers on the subject, to bri...