CHAPTER TWELVE.
More Suggestions and What to Read.
(1) Invite your pastor to preach against war, urge him to do so, and render him any assistance you can in the way of literature on war. Help get out an audience to hear the sermon. Urge others to do likewise.
(2) Inform your own children and other children concerning the class struggle and war, and urge them to talk about the class struggle and against war, at school. Teach them the cause of war. See also Chapter Eight, Section 20, and Index, “Recitations.” _Rouse the children._
(3) Wherever possible—in colleges, high schools, labor unions, fraternal organizations, women’s clubs, churches, Sunday schools, at picnics, and so forth—have debates, declamations and essays on war. Help the debaters, writers and speakers, find literature on war, and, if possible, get the subject presented from a working-class point of view, showing especially the fundamental cause of war and what war always means for the working class. (See page 350, _last two lines_.)
(4) Have as many persons as possible call at your public library for books on war, and suggest books on war to be called for. Suggest books for purchase by your public library management. If the books you urge for the library are not purchased, _discuss_ the reason. All the sociological works quoted in Chapter Eleven should be in your public library.
(5) Get articles and letters on war into your local newspapers and labor union journals.
(6) On the 30th of May, the 4th of July and other “great” days, when the blood-steaming praise of human butchery is poured forth by the noisy “patriotic” orators, pass around all possible literature helpful in counteracting the befouling suggestions commonly thrust into the minds of the people at such times. Chapter Two and other selections from _War—What For?_ making an inexpensive sixteen-page booklet, may be had, printed separately, for such purpose.
It is possible to compel an entire community to think about the vast outrages against the working class. As long as the workers have the privilege of spreading the printed page, one of their highest pleasures and powers will be found in _forcing society to consider the case of the working class_. The first thing on the program in every community is to take the community by the shoulders, so to speak, and _compel it to consider the most vital subject of the hour_.
(7) A Ten-Dollar Cash Prize for the best essay or debate, or declamation on _war as a phase of the class struggle_ by local school-children under eighteen years of age would create much interest in the vicious slaughter of men of the working class and in the new working class politics, if the proper literature were brought to the young people’s attention. See Chapter Eight, Section 20, Suggestion (7).
(8) It would be easy to make here a pretentious parade of a discouragingly long list of books on war. But _War—What For?_ is primarily for the class of readers who are usually too busy in the present warlike struggle for existence to find time to read a roomful of books on war. However, it is hoped that the present volume may also have readers with opportunity to make extensive studies of the subject. Such readers will find abundant bibliographies already prepared. Excellent book lists for the student of war are as follows:
(a) _The Political Science Quarterly_, December, 1900: over 200 titles, at the close of an elaborate article of great worth, “War and Economics in History and in Theory,” by Edward Van Dyke Robinson.
(b) A pamphlet, _International Peace, a list of Books with References to Periodicals_: 600 titles with comment on contents, published by the Brooklyn Public Library, 1908.
(c) A well selected list of readings in _The Arena_, December, 1894.
Following is a list of pamphlets, magazine articles and books, directly or indirectly on the subject of social conflict, of which war is a phase. The list is short, tho’ sufficient, it is hoped, to make a helpful beginning, a short reading course, for any one who would understand the subject of social conflicts, that is, would understand, not the science of war, but the cause, the meaning and results of class struggles and war.
There is a vast amount of worthless, or worse than worthless, literature on war: worthless because of the writers’ neglect of the heart of the problem, namely, the _industrial structure_ of all class-labor forms of society, with their _unsocial purpose and method of production_, resulting in the class struggle.
Whoever would understand war must give special attention: (1) to the _economic interpretation of history_; (2) to the _class struggle_, considered historically and currently; and (3) to _surplus value_, produced by the workers, but legally escaping from their control to the capitalist class—as a result of the institution of private ownership and private control of the collectively used means of production. The fact, the method, the purpose, and the result of the _legal confiscation_ of that part of the world’s wealth which the workers produce and are not permitted to enjoy—must have careful study. In the light of such studies, national and international policies, politics and war can be understood. And as war is thus understood we can make rapid headway against war. Pretty little speeches and essays on the beauties of peace, with “please-be-good” perorations,—such efforts, however carefully prepared, tearfully punctuated, elegantly printed and prayerfully delivered, will result in—nothing. That is to say, occasional literary and oratorical snowballs ignorantly, gracefully and grammatically tossed in the direction of hell will have no effect on the general temperature of that warlike region. (See Index: “Another War,” “The Hague Peace Conference,” and “The Explanation.”)
A Reading Course.
In the following list of readings those indicated by parenthesis thus () would serve as a shorter course.
(1) Kautsky: _The Capitalist Class_; _The Working Class_; _The Class Struggle_; _Ethics and the Materialistic Conception of History_; and _The Road to Power_, Chapters 8 and 9.
(2) Simons: _The Man Under the Machine_, and _Class Struggles in America_.
(3) Marx: _Wage-Labor and Capital_; Marx and Engels: _The Communist Manifesto_.
(4) Massart and Vandervelde: _Parasitism—Social and Organic_.
(5) Myers: _History of Great American Fortunes_, entire work is an account of social parasitism in America; special references: Vol. II., pp. 127–38, 291–301; Chapters 11 and 12; Vol. III., pp. 160–176.
(6) Veblen: _The Theory of the Leisure Class_.
(7) Ross: _Social Control; The Foundations of Sociology_, pp. 219–23, 272–76; _Social Psychology_, Chapters on Suggestibility, The Crowd, and Mob Mind.
(8) L. F. Ward: _Dynamic Sociology_, Vol. I., pp. 565–597; _Psychic Factors in Civilization_, Chapters 33 and 38; _Applied Sociology_, pp. 224–295, 300–302, 307–313, 319–326; _Pure Sociology_, pp. 266–72; “Social Classes in the Light of Modern Sociological Theory,” _American Journal of Sociology_, March, 1908; _Education and Progress_, Address delivered before the “Plebs” League, Oxford, England, August 2, 1909.
9 W. G. Sumner: _Folkways_, Chapter 6.
(10) Morgan: _Ancient Society_, pp. V.-VIII.; Pt. I. Chs. 1–3; and all of Pt. IV.
(11) J. O. Ward: _Ancient Lowly_, Chapter—“Spartacus.”
12 Shoaf: _The Story of the Mollie McGuires_.
13 Hanford: _The Labor War in Colorado_.
14 ——: “Secret Army Guards New York Against a Traffic Strike,” New York _Herald_, Mag. Section, March 20, 1910.
(15) Debs: _Class Conflict in Colorado_.
(16) Wright, U. S. Commissioner of Labor: _A Government Report on the Great Strike in Colorado_.
17 Darrow: _Speech to the Jury in the Haywood Case_.
(18) Untermann: _The Dick Militia Law_ (U. S., 1903).
19 Commons: “Is Class Conflict in America Growing and Is It Inevitable?” * * * Carver: “The Basis of Social Conflict”; * * * Keasby: “Competition.” _American Journal of Sociology_, March, 1908. See also Papers and Proceedings of the American Sociological Society, Vol. II., Special Topic: “Social Conflicts.”
20 Small: _General Sociology_, Chapters 26 and 27.
(21) Shaler: “The Natural History of War,” _International Quarterly_, Sept., 1903; also _The Neighbor_.
22 Ridpath: “Plutocracy and War,” _Arena_, Jan., 1898.
(23) Jordan: “The Biology of War,” an Address, Chicago, 1909, reported in _Unity_, June 10, 1909; _Imperial Democracy_, Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 7; _The Human Harvest_; _The Blood of the Nation_.
24 Chatterton-Hill: _Heredity and Selection in Sociology_, pp. 316–24. Thompson: _Heredity_, pp. 532–34.
(25) Jefferson: “The Peace-at-any-Price Men,” _The Independent_, Feb. 4, 1909; “The Delusions of the Militarist,” _Atlantic Monthly_, March, 1909.
(26) Charles Edward Russell: _Why I Am a Socialist_.
27 Tolstoi: _Bethink Yourselves; Patriotism and Christianity_, and _Thou Shalt Not Kill_.
(28) Robinson: “War and Economics in History and in Theory,” _Political Science Quarterly_, Dec., 1900.
(29) Ghent: _Mass and Class_.
(30) London: _The War of the Classes_; _Revolution_, Chapter, “The Yellow Peril”; also, “Revolution,” _Contemporary Review_, Jan., 1908.
(31) W. T. Mills: _The Struggle for Existence_, Chapters 4–23.
(32) Hillquit: _Socialism in Theory and Practice_, pp. 36–65, 153–167, 296–302.
(33) Spargo: _Socialism_, Chapters 4, 5, 6, and _Common Sense of Socialism_, Chapters 2–7.
(34) Ferri: _Socialism and Modern Science_, Chapter 7.
35 Seligman: _The Economic Interpretation of History_.
36 Boudin: _The Theoretical System of Karl Marx_, Chapters 1–5, 8–10.
37 Patten: “The Economic Causes of Moral Progress,” _Annals of Amer. Soc. Pol. and Soc. Sci._, Sept., 1892.
(38) Engels: _The Origin of the Family, Property and the State_, special attention to Chapters 8, 9; and _Socialism—Utopian and Scientific_.
(39) Hobson: _The Evolution of Modern Capitalism_; _Imperialism_, special attention to first six chapters; _The Psychology of Jingoism_; _The War in South Africa_, Part II.; and _John Ruskin—Social Reformer_, Chapters 3–8 inclusive, and Appendix 1.
40 Ferrero: _Militarism_.
41 Liebknecht: _Militarismus und Anti-Militarismus_.
42 Büchner: _Industrial Evolution_ (Wickett’s translation), Chapters 4–5.
(43) Robinson and Beard: _The Development of Modern Europe_, Vol. II., Chapters 18, 30–31.
(44) Weale: _The Coming Struggle in Asia_, special attention to Parts II. and III.
45 ——: “Peace on Earth,” _Public Opinion_, Dec. 4, 1908, p. 635.
46 Schierbrand: _America, Asia and the Pacific_.
47 Harrison: _National and Social Problems_, Part I., Chapters 1, 6–11.
(48) Strong: _Expansion_, Chapters 2, 3, 4.
49 Bolce: _The New Internationalism_, Chapters 1–6 inclusive, and 15.
50 Fisk: _International Commercial Policies_, Chapters 13–16.
51 Reinsch: _World Politics_.
52 Asakawa: _The Russo-Japanese Conflict_.
53 Kennan: “The Military and Political Memoirs of General Kuropatkin,” _McClure’s Magazine_, Sept. 1908.
54 Smith: _The Spirit of American Government_, Chapters 4, 11, 12.
55 McCabe and Darien: _Can We Disarm?_
56 Carver: _Sociology and Social Progress_, pp. 132–73.
57 Jaurès: “Socialism and International Arbitration,” _North American Review_, Aug. 1908.
58 Broda: “The Federation of the World,” _The International_, July, 1908.
(59) Hervé: “Anti-Militarism,” _The International_, July, 1908; _Anti-Patriotism_; _My Country—Right or Wrong_.
60 Edmondson: _John Bull’s Army from Within_.
61 Mead: _Patriotism and the New Internationalism_.
62 Kampffmeyer: _Changes in the Theory and Tactics of the (German) Social Democracy_ (Gaylord’s Translation), Chapter 3.
(63) Sombart: _Socialism and the Socialist Movement_ (Epstein’s Translation), Sixth Enlarged Edition, pp. 175–223.
(64) Stoddard: _The New Socialism_, Chapters 14, 15.
(65) Campbell: _Christianity and the Social Order_, pp. 176–230.
66 Warner: _The Ethics of Force_.
67 Wallace: _The Wonderful Century_, Chapters 19, 20.
68 (Anonymous:) _Arbeiter in Council_.
(69) Walsh: _The Moral Damage of War_.
70 McLaren: _Put Up Thy Sword_.
(71) Bloch: _The Future of War_.
72 Molinari: _The Society of Tomorrow_.
73 Brooks: _The Social Unrest_, Chapter 6.
(74) Kim: _Mind and Hand_, Chapters 2, 17, 21, 22, 24.
(75) Seidel: _Industrial Instruction_.
(76) Eastman: _Work-Accidents and the Law_; Oliver: _Dangerous Trades_.
77 Addams: _The Newer Ideals of Peace_.
78 Anitchkow: _War and Labor_.
79 Cooley: _Human Nature and the Social Order_, Chapters 1, 3, 4, 7, 12.
80 Lloyd: _Man the Social Creator_, Chapters 1, 6, 11.
81 Kropotkin: _Mutual Aid_.
82 Bellamy: _Equality_, Chapters 22–27 and first half of 33.
83 Henry George: _Progress and Poverty_, Book 10, Chapter 3.
84 Amos: _Political and Legal Remedies for War_, Chapters 1, 2.
85 Charles Sumner: _Addresses on War_.
86 Fiske: _The Destiny of Man_.
87 Kelly: _Government and Human Evolution_, Vol. II.
(88) Barry: _Siege of Port Arthur—A Monster Heroism_.
(89) Sakurai: _Human Bullets_.
(90) Von Suttner: _Lay Down Your Arms_.
(91) Andreief: _The Red Laugh_.
(92) Zola: _The Downfall_.
(93) Wells: _The War in the Air_.
94 Channing: _Lectures on War_.
(95) Hugo: _Les Misérables_—the Battle of Waterloo; also _William Shakespeare_, Anderson’s translation, pp. 294–312, 341–48, 384–95.
96 Sienkiewicz: _With Fire and Sword_.
(97) Crosby: _Captain Jinks—Hero_, and _Swords and Ploughshares_.
98 Mr. Dooley: _In Peace and War_.
99 Kipling: _Barrack-Room Ballads_—“Tommy.”
100 Mrs. Browning: _Mother and Poet_.
The various “peace societies” have published considerable literature on war and peace—in most cases with good intentions, no doubt. However, there could be no peace between a chattel slave and a chattel slave’s master; nor can there be peace between a wage-slave and a wage-slave’s employer—if the wage-slave be awake; nor between the wage-slave class and the capitalist class. Until “peace societies” cry out against capitalism,—the heart of which is the wage-system,—until then their literature will be discouragingly ineffective.
Reread first page of Chapter Nine, paragraph beginning “The cash cost of militarism.”
The one war sublime is: Light against Darkness.
The printing press is the machine-gun for the slaves against slavery.
It is a high privilege to make a human brain ferment—with facts.
THE END.
INDEX.
Abuse of Soldiers, 191–199, 219–223
Advertisements for Soldiers, 108, 199–201, 293
Aggression and Robbery, Social, 273–337
Airships, Dirigible, 90
“All War, Civil War,” 264
“American Brigadier, The,” Church Militarism, 230 et seq.
American Civil War, 139
American Civil War, Cash Cost of, 55–58
American Revolutionists, Resistance by Force, 292
American Revolutionary War, Betrayal of Working-Class Soldiers in, 117–118
Anarchists, Capitalists as, 295–296, 303
Andreief, Leonid,—“The Red Laugh”, 18–19, 83
Another War, 30–43, 97, 154–158, 207, 217, 265, 284, 287, 289–290, 312–316, 333–334,
Antagonism in Present Social Structure, 273–337
Antagonism—Mutualism—in the Social Structure, 281 et seq.
Antagonism—Second Possible Plan of Social Organization, 282
Antagonism, Social, Basis of, 282
Anti-patriotism of George Washington, 217–218
Arbitration, 202–206, 308–309
Arbitration, “Nothing to Arbitrate,” 166–167
Aristocrats, Roman, Avoiding Infantry, 22
Armed Guard, Rapidly Increasing, Necessity of, New Danger, 42, 164–174
“Arm Everybody or Nobody,” 175
Arms, Defective, Provided Union Soldiers, 139
Arms, Modern, Improved, 77–97
Arms, Rapid Improvement of, 26
Arms, Right to Bear, 175
Army, Composed of Working-Class, General Army Staff Quoted, 10
“Army, the Poor Man’s University,” 176
Bankruptcy, 64–73
Barry, Richard, 82–83, 88
Battles in Industry Compared With Battle in War, 164
Bayonet, a Stinger, 12
Births Prevented by Life in Military Service, 48
Block, J., 49, 56, 75, 80, 85, 89, 109
Blood Cost of War, in General, 47–54; in Manchuria, 145
Blood Lust, Fostering of, in Children, 213 et seq.
Boer War, 32, 67, 93, 181 et seq.
Bond Leech, International, 146–148
“Boys in Blue,” The, 118 et seq.
“Boy Scout” Movement, The, 228–233
British Government, Its Betrayal of Soldiers in Napoleonic Wars and in the Boer War, 110–118
Brutality of Soldiers, 180 et seq.
Bryan, W. J., 21 In Cuban War, 178–179 Sons of, 157
Bullets, Dumdum, 204–205
Business and Government in Impending War, 156–157
“Business Is Business,” 244–272
Caesar’s Victories, 105
Capitalism, 30–46, 283 et seq.
Capitalism, Destruction of, 291 et seq.
Capitalism, Peace Impossible Under, 286–289
“Capital Produces Nothing,” 284–285
Canned Beef for Soldiers, 137–144
Cannibals, “Civilized,” 144–148
Carlyle, Thomas, on the “Brave Boys,” 189–190
Carnegie, Andrew, 289
Carnegie Steel Company, Patriotism of, 289
Cause of War, Chap. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
Challenge to Hague Peace Society, 206 et seq.
Chattel Slave, Protection of, 97–99
Chattel Slavery, 282 et seq.
Children, 207–243, 338–339
Chinese Export Trade, 156–157
Christ, 21, 52, 144 et seq., 184, 226–278, 244, 259–260
Characterization of, 260–261
Christian Governments in the Rôle of Procurers, 220–223
“Christianized” War, 52
Church, The, and War, 244–272 Defense of Chattel Slavery, Serfdom and Capitalism, 256 et seq. Training Children for Strikes and War, 228–232
“Civil War, All War Is,” 264
Civil War, American, 54–58, 100–101, 118–124
Civil War—in Industry, 37–46, 168–174 Origin and Perpetuation of, 318–37 See also Chapter Ten
Classes—Industrial, 274 et seq.
Classes—Industrial, Property as Basis of, Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, 275–276
Classes, Social—What Creates, 286 See Civil War in Industry.
Class Interests—Clash of, 29–46, 273–337
Class War, Raging Around Unsocialized Industrial Property, 167 et seq. See Civil War in Industry.
Clergy and War, The, 228–234, 244–272
Clews, Henry, 121–124, 285
Commander-in-Chief, Insult From, 10
“Come On! or Go Ahead!”, 107
Commerce Develops into Militarism, 29–46, 137–158
Competition and War, 40 Laborers Relieved of, by War, 188
Conciliation, See Arbitration.
Conscription, in Caesar’s Time, 22, 77, 152 For Napoleon’s Armies, 104–05
Conservatives, Liberals, 173–174
Constabulary, The State, 148–153, 170–175
Corruption of Soldier Youths, Taft, Dickinson, Jordan, Col. Van Rensselaer, General Sherman and others, 219–227
Cossack, The American, See Constabulary.
Cost of War, in Blood 100 years following 1789, total, 50
Cost in Cash, of War, 54 et seq. In Manchuria, 145
Cost of War in Cash, 54–76
Credit Mobilier, 124–137
Crosby, Ernest, 237
“Cross, Cannon, and Cash Register,” 244–272
Cruelty of Soldiers, 180 et seq.
Cuban War, 32, 94, 137–144
Cyclone of Dynamite, etc., on Battlefield, 89–90
Debts, War, 47, 54–76
Decadence, Physical, 45–54, 92–106
Declamations for Children, 237 et seq.
Declaration of Independence, American, 302
Democracy, Increasing, 70, 167–168, 273–316, 335–337
Deserters, System for Catching, 7, 77, 153, 193, 199
Despotism, Foundation, and Historical Forms, of, 282 et seq. Also Chapter Eleven.
“Dick” Militia Law, The, 161, 170 et seq.
Disappointment of Young Soldiers, 194 et seq.
Disarmament, 206 et seq.
Disease in War, 48, 92–97, 220–223
“Dreadnoughts,” 60–65
Dumdum Bullets, 204–205
Economic Determinism—Applications and Illustrations of, Chapters Six, Nine, Ten, Eleven
Education and Militarism, 24–25, 59–76
$8,000,000,000, 69–74
Elkins Law, 295–296
Employer Class, Interest of, Josiah Strong, 100
Enlistment, 77–86, 97, 102–103, 107–109
Expansion of Capitalism, 34
Exemptions, Substitutes, 160–161, 228–230
“Explain!”, 293–294
Explosives, Modern, 77–92
Father and the Boys, 159 et seq.
Ferrero, G., on Roosevelt Type of Greatness, 180, 187 On War as a Promoter of Civilization, 185
“Fighting Parsons”, 244–273
Firing Line, the Industrial, 164
Fiske, John, on Evolution of Social Man, 183
Fittest, Survival of, in War, 47–54, 188–91
Force, Resistance By, 291–293
“Foreigners”, 257–264
Foundation of Democracy, 281 et seq.
Foundations of Society, Privately Owned, 39; See Chapter Ten
Foreign Markets, 30–46, 155–157, 254–255, 333–334
Four Great Events, 306 et seq.
Franchise, Right of, in America, 117–118
Franco-Prussian War, 26, 93, 160–163, 210
Freedom, Evolution of, 334–337 Foundation of, 273–316
“Freeing Cuba”, 137–144
French Wars of the Revolution, 49
Functions, Social—Organization Necessary for, 281
Future Wars, See “Another War.”
Garrison, William Lloyd, on Patriotism, 216
“Governments Destroy Nations”, 70
Government’s, the Federal, Sneer at the Poverty of the Working Class, 108–109
Government, Use of, in Defense of Interests, by Washington and Others, 217–219; Discussion and Suggestion of, Frequent.
Habit, Force of in Working Class, 326 et seq.
Hague Peace Conference, 201–205, 214, 289–290
Hale, Edward Everett, Rebukes Teachers of Blood Lust, 214
Harvard University, “Fashionable Cavalry”, 23
Hearst (Newspapers), 32
Hearst, Mr., Patriotic, 178
Hell, 77–106
Heroes, 180–184
_History of Great American Fortunes_, Gustavus Myers, 137, 139
Humanizing War, 203–204
Illinois Central Railway Company, Lands Secured by, 135–136
Impending War, See “Another War.”
Income-Tax and Patriotism, 107
Industrial Function—Society Always Organized Primarily with Reference to, 281 et seq.
Industrial Despotism, Historic Forms and Foundation of, 282 et seq.
Ingersoll, R. G., 180, 182, 225, 235, 237–238–241
Insanity Among Soldiers, 6–7, 88, 195
Institutions, Origin of, Illustrations, 317–337
International Citizens, 262–264
Japanese-Russian War, 99, 144
Jingoism, The Beginning of, 209–210
Jordan, President D. S., 104–105, 198
Kidnapping and Militarism, 227
Labor Market, See Labor-power.
Labor-power, Buying and Selling of, 29–47, 97–99, 106, 274–275, 333–337
Lad’s Brigade, The, 230 et seq.
“Land-Grant” Railroads, Land Gifts, etc., 124, 137
Law and Order, 6, 321–322
Liberals, Conservatives, 173–174
Limitation of Armaments, 69–70; See Hague Peace Society, The.
Lincoln, President, and the Wall Street Patriots, 118–137
Lockouts, Strikes, Statistics of, 168–169
“Love of Country”, 217–219
“Man on Horseback, The”, 148 et seq.
Marines, 108, 154–158, 221–222
Markets, See Foreign Markets, and Labor-power.
Medical Service, U. S. Government’s Criminal Neglect of, Utterly Inadequate, 94–95, 143–144
Meditations of a Workingman, 153 et seq.
Mexican War, 148
“Might Makes Right”, 21–28, 185–190
Militarism, 29–106; In Public Schools, Chapter Eight.
Militarism and Education, 59–76
Militarism and Kidnapping, 227
Militarism in Churches, 228–233
Military Tactics, Applied in Politics, 278–280
Militia and Army—Rich Men’s Sons in, 160, 176–177
Militiamen and Soldiers, 25, 40, 45, 46, 148, 151–152
Millionaires in Cuban War, 176–178
Ministers and War, 6, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 41, 44, 78, 244–272
Modern Machinery, Knowledge, Methods, Specially Import Result, 42
Moral Decline of Youth in Army, 180–187, 219–227
Morocco-affair, The, 309
Moskow Campaign, 104–105
Mother—and the Boys and Girls, 207–243
Mothers, Special Suggestions for, 236 et seq.
Murdering Machinery, Modern, 77–92
Mutualism—Antagonism in the Social Structure, 281 et seq.
“My Country is the World, My Countrymen All Mankind”, 216
Napoleon, 104–105, 110–115, 124, 200, 208–209, 237
Naturalness of Social Parasites’ Behavior, 286 et seq.
Naval Life, Unnaturalness of and Disastrous Moral Results, 221–222
Navy, 58–59, 69, 108, 191
Next War, The—How to Avoid Being Wounded in, 97
Non-Combatants, Destruction of, in Time of War, 48–50
Non-Resistance, 291 et seq.
Northern Pacific Railway Company, Land Gifts to, 134–136
Norwegian-Swedish War, See “Four Great Events.”
“No Sentiment in Business”, 244–272
Notice, Special, to Hague Peace Society, 206 et seq.
“Obey or Starve”, 257–258, 334–337
“Off for the Front”, 30
“Old Glory,” Abuse of, 150
Old Veteran and Young Cossack,, 148 et seq.
One Christian Century of War, 52–53
Opportunity, Equal Basis of, 281
“Our Country!”, 218–219, 225–226
Over-production, 37–42, 333–335
Panic of 1907—Regular Soldiers’ Pay Advanced in by Congress, 152–153
Parades, Military, Purpose and Results, 199 et seq.
Parasites, 7, 17, 137, 190–191, 273–337
Parents, Suggestions to, 207–243
Patriotism, 227, 196–197
Patriotism a Matter of Cash. W. H. Taft and T. Roosevelt, 196–197
Patriotism, Capitalist, Specimens of, 107–158
Patriotism, Fallacy of False, Exploded by James Mackaye, 217
Patriotism, False, Taught to Children, 208 et seq.
“Patriotism is Killing Spaniards,”, 252–253
Patriotism of Buyers of War Bonds, 118–124
Patriotism—of George Washington, 217–218
Patriotism—Lowell, J. R., on, 217
Patriotism, Petty, Interferes With Social Evolution of Child, 213, 215 et seq.
Patriotism, Professor Paulsen on, 180
Patriotism, R. G. Ingersoll on, 180
Patriotism, R. W. Emerson on, 217
Patriots, Some Petty, 262–264
Peaceful Slaughter—in Industry, 97–106
Peace Impossible Without Socializing Unity of Interest, 257 et seq., 282 et seq.
Peace on the Program, 262–263
Peace Societies, 201–205
Peace, Talk of, but Preparation for War, 154 et seq.
Peace, The Hague Conference, 201–205
Penitentiary for the Rich, 295–296
Pensions, 55–59 Industrial Pensions and Military Service Pensions, 163–165
Perverted Sex-Appetite in Life at Sea, 221–222
Philippines, A Soldier’s Letter from the, 198
Philippine War, 99–101
Pledge to Working Class, 11
Poetry that Poisons, 213, 214
Poisoned Arms, A Revolution Produced by, 203–204
Political Logic, Elementary, 167 et seq.
Political Parties—Do Not Create Classes, 286
Political Party, Definition of, 304
Political Resistance, 293 et seq.
Politics, Elementary, Chap. Ten.
Politics, Military Tactics Applied in, 278–280
Poverty of Soldiers Following War, 110–117, 137–144
Power, the Road to, 167–168
Powers of Government, Necessity of Capturing, 25, 41–42, 75–76, 105–106, 159–206, 273–316
Preachers on the Firing Line, 228–230
“Preaching Heaven, Practising Hell”, 230
Preparation for War, 34, 54–76 Talk of Peace and Preparation for War, 154–155
Press, The, 24, 32, 177–178, 336–337, 338–344
Prevention of War, 24–25, 105–106, 158, 160, 174–176, 201–206, 235–243, Chapters Nine, Ten; “Four Great Events,” pp. 306 et seq.
Prize-Fighter Statesmanship, 58–76
Procurers, Christian Governments as, 220–223
Progress Promoted by War, 184 et seq.
Property Basis of Social Classes—Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, 275–276
Property Rights, “Sacred”, 39, 322–325
Property, Socialized, 167–168
Prostitutes Furnished by Christian Governments to Their Soldiers, 219–223
Quarters, Soldiers’, 192 et seq.
Race Suicide, 207–209
Rag-Money for “Boys in Blue,”, 119–120
Rations—For Soldiers, 191 et seq.
“_Real_ War, The,” Ruskin, J., 227
Rebellion, 69–70 See Washington.
Recitations, Declamations, Selections from Chapters One, Two, Four, Five, Six, Eight, Nine, Ten. See Suggestions Chapter Twelve.
Recruiting, 42, 43
Recruiting—Devices, 108
Red Cross Society, 88
“Remembering the Maine,” See “Freeing Cuba.”
Resistance by all Forms of Power, 292–294
Revolution, 300–303
Revolutionary War, American, 57
Revolutionists, American, 217–218, 292, 302–303
Revolution of Opinion, 152–153, 187
Revolution, Prepare For, 167–168
Revolution, Produced by Poisoned Arms, 203–204
Rifle Practice Clubs in Public Schools, 233 et seq.
Rifle Ranges in Public Schools, 210 et seq.
“Righteous War”, Chapter Nine
Risks in War—At the Front and in Wall Street. See “Clews.” See also, 163–164
Road to Power, The, 167–168
Robbery, Institutional, 282 et seq.
Romans, Decadence of, 105
Roosevelt, T., 21, 47, 93, 102, 141–143, 157, 179–180, 197, 233, 251–253
Rough Riders, The, 140
Royal Timber Company, The, 144 et seq.
Russian-Japanese War, 18–19, 68–69, 86–88, 101, 144 et seq.
School Children, Deception of, 56
Schools, Public, Abuse of, by Militarists, Chapter Eight
Schools, Use of, to Betray and Poison Children, 213 et seq.
Sedan, Battle of, 84, 85, 163
Senate, U. S., Dignity and Nobility of, 124–137
“Sentiment in Business”, 244–272
Seven Days’ Battle, 124 et seq.
Seventh Regiment (N. Y.), The, 176–177
“Silence!” The Command of Despotism, 113–114, 148
Silent Destroyer, Disease, The, 92–97
Slavery as a Revolution, 318
Slavery, Serfdom, Capitalism, Purpose of, 38
Socialist Party and War, 68, 270–272, Chapter Ten, 336–337
Social Organization—Mutualism, Antagonism, Two Possible Social Forms, 281 et seq.
South-African War, 103
Spanish-American War, 93, 176–177
Special Warning, A, 154 et seq.
Standing Army, A, 109–110, 170–176
Statesmen, Politicians, in War, 30 Temptations of, 44
Strikes, 17 Militiaman’s Cheap Rôle in, 45–46, 1894, 165–166 At Iron Mines in Minnesota, 1907, 166 et seq. “Great Coal Strike”, 148 et seq. Strikes, Lockouts, Statistics of, 168–169 Schoolboys Prepared for Strikes, 233–235
Substitutes, Exemptions, 160–161
Suggestions, 25, 54, 56, 58, 68, 74–76, 97, 105–106, 174–175, 184, 210–214, 236 et seq., 293–294; Chapters Eleven, Twelve
Suicide, 6–7, 77, 194 et seq.
Surgery Applied to Society, 298–299
Surplus, 37–43
Surplus Products, Embarrassingly large, 254, 255
Swedish-Norwegian War, See “Four Great Events”, 306 et seq.
Taft, W. H., 10, 48, 154–157, 191 et seq., 195 et seq., 219, 295–296
Teachers, School, Their Power to Blast or Develop Social Nature of Child, 209–216
Teaching Youths How to Avoid Venereal Disease in Associating With Women (U. S. Government and British Government), 219–223
Temptations Frankly Offered by Federal Government, 192 et seq.
Territorial Force Act (English), “Dick” Law, 173–174
The Hague Peace Society, 202 et seq.
“_The_ War is the Class War”, 37–46, 286
“To Arms! To Arms!”, 13–17, 289–291
“Topics for Discussion”, 159–243
Toys, Military, 216
“Train Everybody or Nobody”, 175
“Trade Follows the Flag”, 36
Trust Laws, 295–296
Tsar of Russia, and The Hague Peace Conference, 201–202
Tyranny Protected by the Flag, Chapter Six, Seventh Illustration, and 148–153, 164–165
“Undesirable Citizens,” Soldiers as, W. H. Taft, 195 et seq., 260–262
Unemployed, The, 42, 152–153
Union Pacific Railway Charter, 124–137
Universal Military Service, Chapter Seven (3), (11), (12)
Venereal Diseases, 48, 49, 219–223
“Vision of the Future,” Ingersoll’s, 242
“Vision of War,” Ingersoll’s, 240–241
Volunteers, 77
Wage-System, See Labor-power, Buying and Selling of.
Wall Street Patriots, 118–124
Walsh, Dr. Walter, 147, 182, 199, 210, 222–223, 266 et seq.
“War a Collision of Interests,” General Von der Goltz, 170
War and Industry, Comparative Destruction of Life in, 77–92
War, and the Survival of the Fittest, 188
War and Women, 207–243
War as Hell, Chap. Five, 160, 289–291
War as a Relief to Competition Among Laborers, 188
War as a System of Exploitation, Ferrero, 187
War, Comment on, 160
War, Definition of, 21
Ward, Lester F., 38, 183, 284, 292, 328
War, Explanation of, Motives and Occasions of, Chaps. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
“War is Hell”, 159–160
War Necessary to Progress, 184 et seq.
War, Origin of, 317–337
Warning, Special, 14, 17, 154–158, 288–290, 311–316
“War” Statesmen, Popularity of, 44
War—The Class Struggle, 286 et seq.; See Classes
War, The Next, See “Another War.”
War, What is Determined By, 21–28, 185–188
War—What to Do About It, 159–243, 273–316; passim
War, Who Want, Who Declare, Who Fight, 29 et seq.
Washington, Anti-Patriot, 217–218 Letter to John Bannister on Patriotism, 148
Waterloo, Battle of, 110–111
“Welcome Home!”, 107–158
“Wintering” in the Army, 153
Women and War, 18, 26, 207–243
Working Class, Self-Defense of, 1–344
Wounded, the Difficulties in Attending to in Modern War, 94
“Young Men Not Only Willing but Anxious to Fight,” Origin of Saying, 47
Youth, Conscription of, for Napoleon’s Armies, 104–105
Zeppelin’s, Count, Airship, 90
Zola, Emile, _The Downfall_, 26, 83, 211–212
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT:
Discussion destroys wrongs and develops rights. Hence the absolute importance of discussion.
The =Three Great Rights= are:
Freedom of Assemblage (for discussion), Freedom of Speech (for discussion), and Freedom of the Press (for discussion).
“Why are these the three great rights?”
Because with _these_ three rights we =hold= these three rights and other rights we already =have=, and also =get= _any other_ and _all other_ rights we =need=.
_It is most unwise and dangerous for any one to hesitate for one moment in defending these three rights for everybody and for anybody and for all organizations._
Salvation comes and can come only through information. Information is multiplied and spread through discussion.
=War—What For? was written, in part, to discuss what the Government dare not admit and is challenged to deny.=
The author has been informed from several sources that the suppression of this book has been seriously considered.
This book has been excluded from several public libraries. This book has been excluded from Fort Myer, Virginia (near Washington). A dozen copies circulated in Fort Snelling (near Minneapolis, Minn.) produced remarkable results alarming to the officers in command. Distinguished officers of the Army have been overheard _cursing this book bitterly_—so the author has been informed by a well-known Army officer in New York City.
=The power of this book has been admitted. (See following pages.) You can help circulate this book very, very easily. Thus:=
A large, handsome, two-color circular with _full information relative to the book, and_ =twenty-five facts that challenge and create discussion of the War Department=, will be sent =free= to any address furnished to the publisher. _A post card request is sufficient._ Address:
=Publisher of WAR—WHAT FOR?= Box 293, West La Fayette, Ohio. Care of J. M. K.
TWO LETTERS
“1426 Hoyt Ave., Everett, Washington, April 21, 1911.
“Publisher of WAR—WHAT FOR? West La Fayette, Ohio.
“DEAR SIR: Enclosed find $8.40 for which send me 12 copies of WAR—WHAT FOR? Every one who tastes the book buys it if he can, and those who have not the price to buy it outright, rent it at a small sum per week. One person told me that he knew of six boys that were going to enlist in the Army, but after reading WAR—WHAT FOR? they had all the war they wanted without getting into the Army. So let us keep up the good work of spreading the book wherever we can.
“Yours for no more war, (Signed) “MRS. HELEN ROEDER.”
=Why should a boy enlist, when even the Commander-in-Chief publically sneers at those who are already in the Army? (See pages 10 and 191–199 of this book.)=
“Smith Building, Auburn, New York, May 25, 1911.
“DEAR MR. KIRKPATRICK:
“I know you will be more than gratified to hear that your invaluable book, WAR—WHAT FOR? is fulfilling its mission among the farmers in this section.
“Over four months ago a farmer called and asked me if I had anything to place in the hands of a boy which would ‘take the Army Bug out of his head.’ The boy was about to join the Regular Army. His mother and father had appealed to him—had tried to talk the idea out of the boy’s mind.
“On my table was a copy of WAR—WHAT FOR? I said, ‘Here is a book that will sterilize the love for murder instinct.’ A week later he called and informed me that the boy had read the book and now it is ‘_No Army for me!_’
“Both parents also read the book. It has been going the rounds among the farmers ever since. Each week Mr. Marquis calls and asks to extend the loan of your book. He says that some farmers stay up all night reading its contents. Parents are thanking Marquis, with tears in their eyes, for placing the book in their hands.
“So far as I can learn, no farmer boy in this section has joined the Army since WAR—WHAT FOR? found its way into the farm houses.... I hear the work is never laid aside, but having been read by someone, in a few days it is in the hands of a new reader....
(Signed) “Fraternally, E. H. GOHL.”
COMMENT
=The Springfield, Mass., Republican= (over half column review): “... Brimful of indictment of war ... a valuable book.... Much startling information which ought to be widely disseminated. Peace advocates might well have Mr. Kirkpatrick’s book in their knapsacks. The book is crowded with facts and figures, official reports and other authoritative documents being freely quoted....”
=The Chicago Evening Post= =(two-thirds column review):—“But it [War—What For?] is, in fact, exquisitely designed to capture the interest and win the belief; it is as well calculated to impress its readers as Paine’s ‘Rights of Man.’”=
=The Louisville, Kentucky, Herald= also frankly ranks WAR—WHAT FOR? equal to Paine’s _Rights of Man_ in its power to impress its readers.
=Charles Edward Russell=, well known to a million readers of _Everybody’s Magazine_: “... The most powerful blow ever dealt against the insanity of militarism. A remarkable book. No one can escape the logic of its massed-up facts.”
=New York American= (review by Mr. Edwin Markham, poet): “... He tatters all the shibboleths that influence men to go to war. He masses his facts in a cumulative horror.... His style is telegraphic ... breathless; and he certainly makes a black case against militarism....”
=The Progressive Journal of Education=: “Here is a book certainly worth while. It is unique—something that stands wholly in a class by itself.... The array of facts ... concerning war, here gathered together, is something more than remarkable....”
=The Trenton, New Jersey, Sunday Advertiser=: “... A remarkable book on the futility, the brutality and the criminality of war....”
=The St. Louis Post-Despatch= (editorial on WAR—WHAT FOR?): “... the forces now working for universal peace—to mention but one, there is George R. Kirkpatrick, an American, who has written a book entitled WAR—WHAT FOR? which appears to be making a genuine sensation.... It is well illustrated, is stuffed full of facts and figures.... The jingos of the world will have to get busy and meet thought with thought, and fact with fact.”
=The New York Independent=: “... The volume shows evidence of much study and research, and certainly makes interesting reading....”
=The Religious Telescope=: “WAR—WHAT FOR? is a remarkable book no matter how you take it. The logic of its mass of facts furnishes food for reflection; trenchant discussion of the war question, ... burning vigor, biting sarcasm, ... gruesome illustrations and hideous word pictures—simply command attention and get it. The author ... intensifies every aspect of woe attaching to every phase of militarism, which it knocks down and out.... It is a strange and striking book and you cannot pooh-pooh it....”
=The Platform, Chicago= (full column editorial review): “... If at this moment we had the power to put one book into the hands of each man, woman and child on earth, that book would be WAR—WHAT FOR?... The most powerful, convincing and humane book that has ever fallen into ye editor’s hands....”
=Upton Sinclair, Author of the Jungle=: “... Take my advice about this book and get it ... a most extraordinary book ... a perfect cyclopedia of ... material, the most effective material that can be imagined, and presented with extraordinary fire and conviction....”
=Rev. Peter Molyneaux, Pastor of First Unitarian Church, Wheeling, W. Va.=: “Let me thank you for writing WAR—WHAT FOR?... The spirit of a toiling, suffering, upward struggling humanity speaks from its pages.”
=Eugene V. Debs=: “... This wonderful book—the book of an epoch, an immortal achievement. WAR—WHAT FOR? has set fire to all the blood in my veins....”
=Timothy Walsh, Assistant Financial Editor of the New York World=: “A book that should be in the hands of every parent in the land....”
=Appeal to Reason=: “... It is the most scathing indictment of war, and the most terrible impeachment of the powers and personalities responsible for war ever written....”
=St. Louis Labor=: “A powerful indictment of war....”
=International Socialist Review=: “This book is a denunciation, an exposition, a revelation and a terrible indictment of war ... a wealth of data....”
=Rev. J. Alexander Cairns, D.D., Newark, N. J.=: “... A masterpiece.... This book is worthy the struggle and toil of a lifetime....”
Circulars free to names and addresses furnished.
IT IS UP TO THE GOVERNMENT!
=Karl Liebknecht was recently imprisoned for eighteen months by the German government as punishment for writing his book against the brutalities, stupidities, and villainies of war and militarism.=
=Gustave Hervé is now serving a four-year sentence in a French prison for writing his book on the same subject.=
Just what there is in store, in this line, for the author of WAR—WHAT FOR? he does not know. He has at least had plenty of hints, suggestions, warnings and veiled threats of dire things, but just as long as there is an intelligent degree of popular appreciation of the three great rights mentioned on page 350 of this book, and as long also as =working men—inside and outside the Army=—give the author plenty of assurance, as they do, that in =their= judgment this book is manifestly written in _fraternal sincerity to protect them and those they love_,—these hints and warnings will be accepted as simply too ridiculous to be interesting.
The author of WAR—WHAT FOR? is neither inviting, nor avoiding, nor expecting, nor afraid of persecution on account of this book. _We have the facts and we also have the three great rights of discussion._
NOTICE TO AGENTS!
WAR—WHAT FOR? is, at the present time, the bestselling, non-fiction, cloth-bound book in American revolutionary literature. _In selling WAR—WHAT FOR? stick to the facts. The burning facts in the book sell the book._ Present the facts to parents. Present the facts to the boys. Present the facts to organized and unorganized workers. Present the facts to farmers. Present the facts to professional people. Present simply a few of the many facts to be easily found in the book—and the book will sell itself.
BE YOUR OWN EMPLOYER!
There are about 2,700 counties in the United States where a great number of employed and unemployed persons could _employ themselves_ selling WAR—WHAT FOR?
A book that defends the working class and is at the same time thoroughly suitable as a book for solicitors—such a book presents a very unusual opportunity for those who wish to feel _safe while they fight_ for a living and for freedom.
=Send for Agents’ Rates, Circulars and Suggestions—not only for yourself, but also for two or three friends.=
Address: The Publisher of WAR—WHAT FOR? West La Fayette, Ohio. Care of J. M. K.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. P. 173, Added “Footnote 197: _The Rough Riders_, p. 139. Found in Edition of 1899, published by Charles Scribner’s Sons; page 152, as published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons.” [Footnote from 4th and 6th editions to correct a typo in the 5th edition.] 2. Silently corrected typographical errors and also variations in spelling. 3. Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 4. Added (e.g. "example,..." changed to "example, ...") and removed spaces (e.g., "example ," to "example,") but otherwise retained non-standard punctuation as printed. Many paragraphs do not end with terminal punctuation. 5. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 6. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.