Part 24

Coles, Edward, emancipates his slaves and colonizes them in Illinois, 66, 67; prosecuted and fined for this act, 67.

Coles, Roberts, killed at battle of Roanoke Island, 68.

Colonization of negroes, appropriation by Virginia Legislature in aid of, 59, 64; origin of the idea of, 60; resolutions of Virginia Legislature favoring, 1800, 60; same, 1805, 60; same, 1816, 61; organization of American Society to promote, 61; by individual slaveholders, 66-73; views of Jefferson, Clay and Lincoln on, 75-81.

Colorado, organized as a territory without prohibition as to slavery, 1861, 186.

Commerce, decline of, in Virginia, 134 and 137.

Congress, 1789, efforts of Virginians in, to tax importation of slaves, 33; resolutions adopted by, defining attitude regarding slavery, 1861, 187; amendment to constitution proposed by, 1861, 192; resolution of, defining attitude on purpose of War, 1861, 194; Act of, February 12, 1793, regarding return of fugitive slaves, 199; Act of, September 18, 1850, regarding fugitive slaves, 202; resolutions adopted February, 1861, regarding fugitive slave act, 205.

Congress, Continental of 1774, Virginia's anti-slavery attitude defined in, 21, 22.

Congress, Continental of 1784, accepts Virginia's deed ceding Northwest Territory, 26.

Connecticut, Statute of, 1833, regarding establishment of schools for non-resident negroes, 167; "personal liberty laws," 202.

Constitution, Virginia's opposition to clause permitting African slave trade, 29; clauses of, regarding fugitives from justice and fugitive slaves, 197; copies burned by Abolitionists at burned by Abolitionists at public meetings, 216.

Controversy, regarding slavery, status of at time of Virginia's secession, 182-201.

Convention, Virginia's Colonial, 1777, resolves against slave trade, 21; Virginia's, 1861, majority of delegates to, Union men, 252; report of committee from, on reply of President Lincoln, 274.

Cotton States, effect of withdrawal of representatives of, from Congress, 186; sent no delegates to Peace Conference, 1861, 249; coercion of, by Federal Government, crucial factor in determining Virginia's secession, 266; coercion of, repugnant to many people both North and South, 271; Virginia's attitude regarding their secession, 286.

Curtis, George Ticknor, on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 57; attests anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia in 1832, 143.

Custis, G. W. P., furnishes asylum for Liberian colonists, 63; anti-slavery sentiments of, 96; emancipates his slaves, 102; will, emancipating slaves, 121.

Dakota, organized as a territory, 1861, without prohibition of slavery, 186.

Davies, Arthur B., will emancipating slaves, 120.

Davis, Jefferson, on attitude of Southern Confederacy towards the Union and slavery, 6; on the right of revolution, 287.

Declaration of Independence, clause against slavery and slave trade, stricken out of, 19, 20.

Deeds and wills emancipating slaves, specimens of, 103-123.

Dew, Thomas R., on slavery debate of 1832, 47.

Disunion, Abolitionists advocate, 213.

Disunion Convention, meets at Worcester, Mass., 1857, 214; fails to assemble at Cleveland, 1857, 214.

Douglas, Stephen A., on negro problem, 165.

Du Bois, W. E. B., on Virginia's effort to abolish slave trade, 22.

Early, Albert, will emancipating slaves, 116.

Early, Joseph, will emancipating slaves, 118.

Early, Jubal A., remarks, in Virginia Convention, 1861, on Lincoln's First Inaugural, 266.

Edlow, Carter H., will emancipating slaves, 114.

Emancipation, problems, social and political of, in Virginia, 161; Lincoln's estimate of difficulties of, 180.

Emancipation in Virginia, difficulties attending, 157-180.

Emancipation Proclamations, 226.

Emigration, of slaveholders from Virginia, 146.

Eppes, Francis, will emancipating slaves, 117.

Everett, Edward, on coercing the seceding States, 284.

Ewell, Charles, will emancipating slaves, 108.

Ewing, Thomas, on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 56, 57.

"Fanatics," Northern, their reactionary influence, 172.

Faulkner, Charles J., a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia Legislature 1832, 91; anti-slavery sentiments of, 93; on injurious effects of slavery upon Virginia's prosperity, 130; allusion to anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 1832, 143.

Federal Government, attitude of, regarding all questions arising out of slavery, 182.

"Fire Eaters," Southern, their reactionary influence, 172.

Fiske, John, on Virginia's claim upon Northwest Territory, 26; on her part in enacting Ordinance of 1787, 27; on forces which secured enactment of clause in constitution, permitting African slave trade, 29; on anti-slavery party in Virginia, 138; declares that Virginia made first formal defiance to Stamp Act, 238; on Madison's part in framing constitution, 240; his estimate of John Marshall, 241.

Fitzhugh, William Henry, extract from his will emancipating slaves, 111.

Floyd, John, joint author, with Mercer, of Act of 1819, in opposition to African slave trade, 36.

Forts, Federal jurisdiction over, in seceding states, 271.

Free discussion, lack of, in Virginia, hinders emancipation, 172; causes, which restrained it, in Virginia, 172-178.

Free negroes, number in Virginia at close of Revolution, 42; rapid increase of, under statutes permitting emancipations, 42; compelled to leave state within twelve months after emancipation, 43; their handicap in slave communities, 161; their treatment at the North, prior to 1860, 160; statutes of various Northern States restrict them from becoming residents thereof, 168-170; dread of their presence, as residents, on the part of Northern people, 170, 171.

Fugitives from justice, provision of constitution referring to, 195; decision of Supreme Court construing same, 208.

Fugitive slaves, their owners could gain nothing by Virginia's secession, 209.

Fugitive Slave Law, of 1850, among causes of Civil War, 209; attitude on, of Republican Party, 187-189; Lincoln, author of a, 188; provision of constitution referring to, 197; of 1793, history of its enactment, 199; of 1850, history of its enactment, 202; its execution impeded by the Underground Railroad, 200, 201; declared constitutional by Supreme Court, 203.

Garrison, William Lloyd, his biographer's estimate of status of free negroes, prior to 1860, 160, 161; leader of Abolitionists, 211; disunion sentiments of, 213-215; denounces Webster, 216; his estimate of Longfellow's Ode to the Union, 217; his eulogy of John Brown, 218; an apologist for slave insurrections, 218; applauds South Carolina's secession, 221.

Georgia, requisition of Governor of, upon Governor of Maine for return of fugitives from justice, denied, 207.

Gilmer, Francis W., anti-slavery sentiment of, 88.

Gist, Samuel, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 66.

Gladstone, William E., his estimate of the unjustifiable attitude of the North, 291.

Goode, John, a leader of the Secessionists in Virginia Convention, 1861, 254.

Greeley, Horace, declares right of Cotton States to secede, 291.

Green, J. R., declares Virginia first to formally deny right of Great Britain to tax colonies, 238.

Harrison, Jesse Burton, his estimate of Virginia's poverty in 1832, induced by slavery, 131, 132.

Hart, A. B., on the practice of buying and selling slaves, note 2, 152; on number of slaveholders in the Southern States, 153; his estimate of Underground Railroad, 201.

Harvie, Lewis E., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention, 1861, 254.

Hawes, Aylette, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 110.

Henderson, G. F. R., on Virginia's loyalty, 211; on the propriety of Virginia's secession, 278.

Henry, Patrick, anti-slavery sentiments of, 83.

Herndon, Thaddeus, sends ex-slaves to Liberia, 71.

Herndon, Traverse, sends ex-slaves to Liberia, 71; extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 119.

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, a leader of Abolitionists, 214.

Hill, A. P., never owned a slave, 156.

Hill, Joseph, extract from deed, emancipating his slaves, 104.

Holcombe, James P., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention, 1861, 254.

Howison, R. R., anti-slavery sentiments of, 98, 99; his estimate of Virginia's poverty, 1848, induced by slavery, 134.

Illinois, denies free negroes' right to become residents of, 1853, 169.

Indiana, denies free negroes' right to become residents of, 1851, 169.

Jackson, Stonewall, owned one slave at time of war, 155.

Janney, John, extract from his speech in Virginia Convention of 1861, 243, 254; a leader of the Union men, Virginia Convention, 1861, 255; extract from his speech notifying Lee of his appointment as chief of Virginia's militia, 297.

Jefferson, Thomas, on arraignment of slave trade in original draft of Declaration of Independence, 19; records reason for omitting clause against slave trade in Declaration of Independence, 20; his lament at defeat of clause restricting slavery in Ordinance of 1784, 27; urges Congress to prohibit importation of slaves, 34; originates idea of negro colonization, 60; efforts, as President, to promote same, 60; on necessity of negro colonization, 75, 76; anti-slavery sentiments of, 86; on political difficulties of emancipation in Virginia, 162; on beneficial results of diffusing slaves through the territories, 185.

Jennings, William D., extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 119.

Johnston, Joseph E., never owned a slave, 156.

Key, Francis Scott, prominent in organizing American Colonization Society, 61.

Lee, Fitzhugh, never owned a slave, 156.

Lee, Mary Custis, extract from her letter deploring the war, 296.

Lee, Richard Henry, anti-slavery sentiments of, 82.

Lee, Robert E., anti-slavery sentiments of, 100, 101; owned no slaves at time of war, 155; declares disunion an aggravation of the ills of the South, 223; denies constitutionality of secession, 288; denies ethical right of coercion, 288; his sorrow at disunion, 296.

Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, anti-slavery sentiments of, 89.

Letcher, John, extract from his message as Governor of Virginia, January, 1861, 244; extract from reply to requisition of Secretary of War for Virginia's quota of troops, 278.

Liberia, circumstances attending its establishment as a negro colony, 62, 63.

Lightfoot, Philip, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 120.

Lincoln, Abraham, on slavery as defined in first inaugural, 6 and 15; on adverse influence of Abolitionists, 53-55; on emancipation and colonization of negroes, 79-81; on amalgamation of blacks and whites and on their racial inequality, 166; his reference to the dread of Northern people to receive free negroes, 171; author of bill containing fugitive slave clause, 188; on fugitive slaves as expressed in first inaugural, 189; letter to Alexander H. Stephens regarding interference with slavery, 191; position as to proposed amendment of constitution regarding protection of slavery, 1861, 193; not an Abolitionist, 195; on John Brown's Raid, 195; explanation of his expression "Government cannot endure half slave and half free," 196; on the effect and character of his Emancipation Proclamations, 227; patriotism and literary beauty of first inaugural, 259; regards Union as unbroken by secession, 259; his declaration of policy, 260; reply to Virginia Commissioners, April 13, 1861, 274 and 275; his call for 75,000 troops, April 15, 1861, 275; requests, March 15, 1861, his cabinet officers' opinions, as to propriety of provisioning Fort Sumter, 280; requests their further opinion, March 29, 284; on right of revolution, 290; on legal and ethical rights of coercion, 293.

Lunt, George, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 57; on John Brown's Raid, 177; on effect of personal liberty laws, 206.

Madison, James, opposes clause in constitution, permitting African slave trade, 31; his efforts to impose tariff tax on importation of slaves, 33; messages, as President, opposing African slave trade, 35; third President of American Colonization Society, 62; anti-slavery sentiments of, 90; declares disunion a menace to slavery, 222; heads delegation from Virginia to Annapolis Convention, 1786, 238; his great part in framing constitution, 240.

Marshall, John, first President of Colonization Society of Virginia, 64; anti-slavery sentiments of, 88.

Marshall, Thomas, a leader in anti-slavery party in Virginia Legislature, 1832, 46; anti-slavery sentiments of, 92; his estimate of injurious effects of slavery upon prosperity of Virginia, 129, 130.

Maryland, ratifies proposed amendment to constitution, 1861, protecting slavery, 192.

Mason, George, his speech against clause in constitution permitting African slave trade, 30; Virginia's statue to his fame, 31; anti-slavery sentiments of, 84.

Maury, Matthew F., anti-slavery sentiments of, 99; never owned but one slave, 156; his reference to coercion as cause of Virginia's secession, 266; extract from his letter regarding the approaching war, 297.

McDowell, James, a leader in anti-slavery party, in Virginia Legislature, 1832, 46; anti-slavery sentiments of, 93; his estimate of injurious effects of slavery, 131; on racial problems, 163; declares disunion a menace to slavery, 222.

McGuire, Hunter, his estimate of number of slaveholders in the Stonewall Brigade, 155.

McMaster, J. B., his estimate of condition of free negroes, 160.

Meade, William, anti-slavery sentiments of, 100; extract from deed, emancipating a slave, 115; his estimate of injury to Virginia's prosperity, induced by slavery, 135.

Mercer, Charles Fenton, author of law against African slave trade, 36; of resolution denouncing African slave trade as piracy, 36; his remarks in Congress, supporting resolution, 36, 37; his visits to the Old World, seeking co-operation, 37; prominent in organizing American Colonization Society, 61; anti-slavery sentiments of, 98.

Mercer, Margaret, her letter to Gerrit Smith regarding Abolitionists, 175.

Mills, Samuel J., his visit to Africa, regarding establishing Colony of Liberia, 62.

Missouri Compromise, its enactment and repeal among causes of Civil War, 4; provision of, restricting rights of slaveholders in territories, 180; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, 183.

Monroe, James, message to Congress on Right of Search, 37; anti-slavery sentiments of, 89.

Montague, Robert L., a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention, 1861, 254.

Moorman, Charles, extract from deed emancipating his slaves, 104.

Morton, Jeremiah, a leader of the Secessionists, Virginia Convention, 1861, 254.

Muschett, Louisa, extract from will, emancipating her slaves, 122.

Negroes, what should be their status under freedom, 162.

Negro trader, the odium attaching to, in Virginia, 101, 141, 142.

Nevada, organized as a territory, 1861, without prohibition as to slavery, 186.

New Jersey, deprives negroes of suffrage, 1807, 168.

New York, requires higher property qualification for suffrage of negroes than for whites, 1821, 168.

Nicolay and Hay, on reasons for omitting anti-slavery clause in Declaration of Independence, 20; on reasons for Virginia's secession, 138.

North Carolina, secedes because of President Lincoln's call for troops, 226.

Northern States, hostile attitude of certain of, regarding fugitive slave law, 197-209; reactionary influence of certain of, upon sentiment in Virginia, 207.

Ohio, denies free negroes right to become residents of, 168; ratifies amendment proposed to constitution, 1861, protecting slavery, 192; Governor of, refuses to honor requisition of Governor of Kentucky for return of fugitives from justice, 208.

Ordinances, of 1784 and 1787—Virginia's part in their enactment, 26, 27.

Ordinance of Secession, adopted by Virginia Convention, April 17, 1861, 277; ratified by the people May 23, 1861, 277.

Oregon, denies free negroes right to become residents of, 170.

Parker, Josiah, his efforts to impose tariff tax on importation of slaves, 33.

Parker, Theodore, his denunciations of Federal judges and officials, 216; eulogizes John Brown, 218; an apologist of slave insurrection, 218.

Pennsylvania, deprives negroes of suffrage, 1838, 168.

"Personal Liberty Laws," their enactment by various Northern States, 202.

Peyton, Martha E., extract from will, emancipating her slaves, 110.

Phillips, Wendell, leader of Abolitionists, 211; disunion sentiments of, 213; denounces Webster and Lincoln, 216; eulogizes John Brown, 218; an apologist of slave insurrection, 218; hails secession of Southern States, 221; declares emancipation child of civil convulsions, 224 and 225; denies the right of Federal Government to coerce Cotton States, 293.

Preston, Francis, extract from deed emancipating a slave, 105.

Preston, William Ballard, a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia Legislature of 1832, 46; one of Committee from Virginia Convention, to wait upon Lincoln, 273.

Proclamations, President Lincoln's, for emancipation, 226 and 227; President Lincoln's, calling for troops, 275.

Pro-slavery, growth of sentiment for, in Virginia, 49.

Randolph, Edmund, opposes clause in constitution, permitting the African slave trade, 31.

Randolph, George W., one of Committee from Virginia Convention, to wait upon President Lincoln, 273.

Randolph, John of Roanoke, colonization of his ex-slaves in Ohio, 68; extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 111; his characterization of slavery, 173.

Randolph, Richard Jr., extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 106.

Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, a leader of anti-slavery party in Virginia Legislature, 1832, 46; on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 51; anti-slavery sentiments of, 95; records the growth of anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia since the Revolution, 143.

Rebellion, characteristics of a, 2.

Relief Squadron, its expedition to Fort Sumter, 276.

Representation, basis of, in Virginia, 145, 172.

Republic, ideals of, 242.

Republican Party, attitude of, regarding slavery in the territories, as declared in their platform, 183, 186; abandons in Congress, 1861, their position, 186; position of, regarding Fugitive Slave Law, 187, 188; position of, regarding slavery in Southern States, 190, 193.

Revolution, characteristics of a, 2.

Rhodes, James Ford, estimate of Lee and the motives which impelled him to fight with Virginia, 140; on Virginia's effort to save the Union, 244; his estimate of significance of Peace Conference, 247; on result of Virginia election, February, 1861, 253; his estimate of anti-coercion sentiment in Virginia and other Border States, 285.

Rhode Island, alone repeals "personal liberty law," 206.

Right of Revolution, held by Virginia people, 286; as defined by Jefferson Davis, 287; as defined by Abraham Lincoln, 290.

Rives, William C., anti-slavery sentiment of, 97, 98; on racial problem, 163; a delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference, 246; extract from his speech in Peace Conference, 248.

Roosevelt, Theodore, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists, upon anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 58; estimate of Robert E. Lee and his soldiers, 140.

Ruffner, Henry, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon anti-slavery sentiments in Virginia, 52; anti-slavery sentiments of, 99; his estimate of injurious effect of slavery upon Virginia's prosperity, 132.

Russell, W. H., his opinion as to lack of settled policy in Federal administration, March, 1861, 274.

Sanders, Sampson, colonization of his ex-slaves in Michigan, 69; extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 118.

Schouler, James, on disunion sentiments of Abolitionist leaders, 214.

Secession, advocates of, in Virginia, 10; status of controversy regarding slavery at time of Virginia's, 190-196; no cure for Virginia's grievances against Abolitionists, 211; Virginia's would menace slavery, 227, 228; contests in Virginia's Convention, for and against, 265-274; Virginia's Convention defeats, 268; President Lincoln's call for troops impels Virginia to, 277; Robert E. Lee denies constitutional right of, 288; William C. Rives condemns, of States, 288; how Virginia regarded, 295.

Seddon, James A., a delegate from Virginia to Peace Conference, 246.

Seward, William H., on negro problem, 165; on election in Virginia, 1861, 252; his opinion as to lack of settled policy in Federal administration, April, 1861, 274; his replies as Secretary of State to President Lincoln's request for opinions as to provisioning Fort Sumter, 280-283; his official communication to American minister to Great Britain, April, 1861, defining position of the President, 293.

Seys, Rev. John, his account of departure of Herndon's slaves for Liberia, 71-73.

Sherman, William T., on the negro problem, 165.

Sheffey, James W., extract from speech in Virginia Convention, 1861, on coercion, 266.

Slaughter, Rev. Philip, his estimate of anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 1831, 43 and 143.

Slaves, their first importation, 16; rate of their importation, 16; their number in Virginia, 1776, 24; efforts of Virginians in First Congress to impose tariff tax on importation of, 33; affection of, for masters, 70-73; transferred from Virginia to other states, 147; sale of, by Virginia owners and traders, 147; practice of buying and selling, reviewed by William Henry Smith, 148; injury to certain classes of, by untimely emancipation, 159.

Slavery, foremost among the causes of the Civil War, 3; Virginia's colonial record regarding, 15-24; earliest introduction of, 1619, 16; opposition to, of Colonel William Byrd, 1736, 16, note 4; statutes restraining increase of, defeated by King George, 18; anti-slavery position of Virginia declared, 18-24; its exclusion from the Northwest Territory, 26-28; statutes ameliorating conditions of, 41-44; growth and culmination of sentiment opposing, 43, 44; movement in General Assembly 1832, to abolish, 45-48; growth in sentiment favoring, 49; patriarchal character of, 101; injurious effects of, upon prosperity of Virginia, 127-137; unprofitable character of, in Virginia, 127; difficulties of abolishing, 157-180; causes militating against free discussion of, in Virginia, 172-179; status of controversy regarding, 1860, 182-189; promises of President Lincoln to respect the institution of, 190, 191; its integrity in Southern States pledged by Republican platform, 1861, 190; Virginia's secession not impelled by fear of legislation against, 191; amendment to constitution proposed by Congress, safeguarding the institution of, 192; resolutions of Congress, pledging protection to, 1861, 191; the most potent factor in precipitating the war, 228; an unconstitutional assault upon, would have justified Virginia's resistance, 228; Virginia's attitude towards, in territories, 269.

Slaveholders, legal rights of, embarrass emancipation, 177.

Smith, Caleb B., his replies as Secretary of Interior, to President Lincoln's request for opinions as to provisioning Fort Sumter, 281, 284.

Smith, John, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 109.

Smith, William, extract from will, emancipating his slaves, 121.

Smith, William Henry, on reactionary influence of Abolitionists upon anti-slavery sentiment in Virginia, 58; his review of the practice of buying and selling slaves, 148.