Part 3

I want you to make a jacket. 我要儂做一件馬褂 _Ngoo iau noong tsoo ih-jien mo-kwo_.

I want you to make a cloak. 我要儂做一件外罩个袍褂 _Ngoo iau noong tsoo ih-jien nga-tsau-kuh bau-kwo_.

This sleeve is too long; make it shorter. 第个袖子忒長; 要做來短點 _Di-kuh zieu-ts thuh dzang; iau tsoo-le toen-tien_.

This garment is too tight; make it easier. 第件衣裳身胚忒緊,要做來寬點 _Di-jien i-zaung sung-phe thuh kyung; iau tsoo-le khwen tien_.

This is too wide (or loose); make tighter. 第件衣裳身胚忒寬, 要做來緊點 _Di-jien i-zaung sung-phe thuh khwen; iau tsoo-le kyung tien_.

Make like this pattern. 照第个樣式咾做 _Tsau di-kuh yang-suh lau tsoo_.

Please bring me samples of native cloth (to let me see). 請儂擔點本地布个樣子撥我看看 _Tshing noong tan tien pung-di poo-kuh yang-ts, peh-ngoo khoen-khoen_.

Please bring me samples of foreign cloth (to let me see). 請儂擔點外國布个樣子撥我看看 Tshing noong tan tien nga-kok poo-kuh yang-ts, peh ngoo khoen-khoen.

Have you samples of grass cloth? 儂有夏布个樣子否 _Noong yeu ‘au-poo kuh yang-ts va?_

What you have of broad and narrow cloth, bring and let me see. 所有闊咾狹个布, 全擔來讓我看看 _Soo yeu khweh lau ‘ah kuh poo, zen tan-le nyang ngoo khoen-khoen_.

When can you finish it? 幾時可以做好 (or 做得好) _Kyi-z khau-i tsoo-hau?_ (or _tsoo-tuh-hau_).

I want you to do it quicker. 我要儂快點做 _Ngoo iau noong khwa-tien tsoo_.

Can you finish it this week? 拉第个禮拜裏, 做得好否 _La di-kuh li-pa li, tsoo-tuh hau va?_

This week it is impossible to finish. 拉第个禮拜裏, 來勿及做好 _La di-kuh li-pa li, le-’veh-ji tsoo-hau_.

Then next week certainly must finish. 蓋末下个禮拜, 一定要做好 _Keh-meh ‘au-kuh li-pa, ih-ding iau tsoo-hau_.

How much will it cost to make these clothes? 第件衣裳做工啥價錢 _Di-jien i-zaung tsoo-koong sa ka-dien?_

You ask too big a price. 儂討个價錢忒貴. _Noong thau-kuh ka-dien thuh kyui_.

Yes (_or_ all right), I can pay you this price. 好个, 我可以撥儂第个價錢 _Hau-kuh, ngoo khau-i peh noong di-kuh ka-dieh_.

Why have you not done as I told you? 爲啥勿照我告訴儂个様子咾做 _We-sa ’veh tsau ngoo kau-soo noong-kuh yang-ts lau tsoo?_

You have done very well. When I have more work I shall want you to do it (_lit_., and another time I will want you to do work.) 儂做來蠻好, 下回我還要儂做 Noong tsoo-le ’man-hau; ‘au-we ngoo wan iau noong tsoo.

=_THE WASHERMAN_ (淨衣裳个人).= ----------

Take these clothes and wash them. 第个衣裳擔去淨 (or 汏) _Di-kuh i-zaung tan-chi zing_ (or _da_).

Be careful in washing this; and do not tear it. 要當心淨; 勿要淨破 _Iau taung-sing zing; ’veh iau zing-phoo_.

This garment wants starch, but do not make it too stiff. 第件衣裳要用點䊢, 但是勿要忒硬 _Di-jien i-zaung iau yoong tien tsiang, dan-z ’veh iau thuh ngang_.

Do not starch this garment. 第件衣裳勿要䊢 _Di-jien i-zaung, ’veh iau tsiang_.

See, you have torn this garment. 諾, 看看, 第件衣裳撥儂弄壞者 _Nau! khoen-khoen! di-jien i-zaung peh noong loong-wa-tse_.

See, this window curtain has been spoiled by you. 儂看, 第个窗帘撥儂弄壞者 _Noong khoen, di-kuh tshaung-lien peh noong loong-wa-tse_.

It is dirty, wash again. 弄齷齪者, 要再淨 _Loong auh tshauh tse; iau tse zing_.

One piece is still missing, why? 還缺少一件, 啥緣故 _Wan choeh-sau ih-jien; sa yoen-koo?_

It is lost; I will try to find it. 失脫者, 我再要尋尋看 _Seh-theh tse; ngoo tse iau zing-zing-khoen_.

If you cannot find it, you must pay for it. 若是尋勿著, 要儂賠个 _Zah-z zing-’veh-dzak, iau noong be kuh_.

What is the price for washing one piece? 淨一件啥價錢 _Zing ih-jien sa ka-dien?_

Three cents a piece. 三分洋錢一件 _San-fung yang-dien i-jien_.

Bring these clothes back in two or three days. 第件衣裳兩三日就要擔來 _Di-jien i-zaung liang san nyih zieu iau tan-le_.

I am going away (_or_ leaving Shanghai) presently. 我就要出門 (or 我就要離開上海) _Ngoo zieu iau tsheh-mung_ (or _ngoo zieu iau li-khe Zaung-he_).

So you must bring back my clothes at once. 所以我个衣裳就擔來 _Soo-i ngoo-kuh i-zaung zieu tan-le_.

These clothes are not ironed properly; iron them again. 第件衣裳燙來勿好, 要再燙 _Di-jien i-zaung thaung-le ’veh hau; iau tse thaung_.

These clothes are not washed properly, wash them again. 第件衣裳淨來勿乾淨, 要再淨 _Di-jien i-zaung zing le ’veh koen-zing, iau tse zing_.

Don’t put any soda in the water. 水裡勿要放鹻 _S-li ’veh iau faung kan_.

As it easily takes out the colour. 爲之容易退顏色 _We-ts yoong-yi the ngan-suh_.

How many pieces have you washed this month? 第个月裡淨之幾件衣裳 _Di-kuh nyoeh-li zing-ts kyi-jien i-zaung?_

=_THE MAFOO_ (馬夫).= ----------

=I. Riding.=

Saddle the horse. 裝好馬 _Tsaung-hau mo_.

The girths are too loose. 馬肚帶忒寬 _Mo-doo-ta thuh khwen_.

Tighten up the girths. 馬肚帶要收緊 _Mo-doo-ta iau seu kyung_.

Lengthen (or lower) the stirrup. 馬踏櫈要放下點 _Mo-dah-tung iau faung ’au-tien_.

Those stirrup irons are not bright (or not clean). 馬踏櫈个鐵擦來勿亮 or 勿乾淨 _Mo-dah-tung-kuh thih tshah le ’veh liang_ (or _veh koen-zing_).

Loosen the curb (chain.) 馬嚼鐵放寬點 _Mo-ziak-thih faung khwen tien_.

Have you put on the saddle-cloth? 馬鞍子个布櫬拉末 _Mo-oen-ts-kuh-poo tshung la meh?_

Don’t take off the rug. 毯子勿要擔脫 _Than-ts veh iau tan-theh_.

Take off the rug. 毯子要擔去 _Than-ts iau tan-chi_.

When did you feed the pony? 儂幾時喂个馬料 _Noong kyi-z iui-kuh mo-liau?_

Give him a good feed. 要撥好个馬料伊吃 _Iau peh hau-kuh mo-liau yi chuh_.

Has he had a drink? 有吃過水否 _Yeu chuh-koo s va?_

That saddle does not fit properly. 馬鞍子裝來勿好 (or 勿妥帖) _Mo-oen-ts tsaung le ’veh hau_ (or _veh thoo thih_).

Walk him round a bit. 牽之讓伊走走 _Chien-ts nyang yi tseu-tseu_.

Don’t feed him now. 現在勿要撥啥伊吃 _Yien-dze ’veh iau peh sa yi chuh_.

He is very hot. 伊是頂熱 (or 伊是熱得極拉) _Yi z ting nyih_ (or _Yi z nyih tuh-juh la_).

Don’t give him any water. 勿要撥水伊吃 _’Veh iau peh s yi chuh_.

That pony is sick. 伊隻馬有病 _I-tsak mo yeu bing_.

Go and get the veterinary surgeon. 去喊馬醫來 _Chi lian mo-i le_.

Hold him until I get on. 儂牽牢拉讓我騎上去 _Noong chien-lau-la, nyang ngoo ji-zaung-chi_.

Put more straw in his stall (or box.) 馬棚裏多放點稻柴 _Mo-bang-li too faung tien dau-za_.

The pony is very dirty; give him a good rub-down. 馬齷齪來; 要刷乾淨 _Mo auh-thsauh le; iau seh koen-zing_.

=II. Driving.=

Get the carriage ready. 馬車裝起來 _Mo-tsho tsaung-chi-le_.

Bring the carriage round. 馬車牽過來 _Mo-tsho chien-koo-le_.

The carriage is not clean. 馬車勿乾淨 _Mo-tsho ’veh koen-zing_.

The lamps are dirty. 燈是齷齪个 _Tung z auh-tshauh kuh_.

Are there candles in the lamps? 燈裡有蠟燭否 _Tung-li yeu lah-tsok va?_

The collar doesn’t fit. 軛頭裝來勿伏帖 _Ah-deu tsaung le veh vok-thih_.

It will hurt the horse’s shoulder. 要擦傷馬頸骨个 _Iau tshah-saung mo-kyung-kweh-kuh_.

Keep the harness clean and in good order. 馬傢生要乾淨咾合式个 _Mo ka-sang iau koen-zing lau ’eh-suh kuh_.

Don’t go (drive) too quickly. 勿要忒快 _’Veh iau thuh khwa_.

(Drive) more quickly. 要快點 _Iau khwa-tien_.

Stay here until I come back. 停拉此地等我轉來 _Ding la tsh-di, tung ngoo tsen-le_.

At ten o’clock come back. 十點鐘再來 _Zeh tien-tsoong tse le_.

I want the carriage at nine o’clock. 九點鐘我要馬車 _Kyeu tien-tsoong ngoo iau mo-tsho_.

(Those) wheels are loose. 輪盤鬆者 _Lung-ben soong tse_.

Put new washers on. 要換新个拈墊 _Iau wen sing-kuh nyien-dien_.

I want a two-horse carriage. 我要雙馬車 _Ngoo iau saung mo-tsho_.

Be careful with that horse. 當心伊隻馬 _Taung-sing i-tsak mo_.

He may run away. 伊要逃走 or 跑開 _Yi iau dau-tseu_ (or _bau-khe_.)

=_PURCHASING_.= ----------

I want to buy china. 我要買磁器 _Ngoo iau ma dz-chi_.

Silk. 絲綢 _S-dzeu_.

Embroidery. 顧繡 _Koo-sieu_.

Furs. 皮貨 _Bi-hoo_.

Old curios. 古董 _Koo-toong_.

Cloisonné ware. 珐藍个物事 _Fah-lan kuh meh-z_.

A blue bowl with cover. 淡描蓋碗 _Dan-miau ke-’wen_.

An incense burner. 香爐 _Hyang-loo_.

Knife cash. 刀錢 _Tau-dzien_.

Ancient cash. 古錢 _Koo-dzien_.

Wood Carvings. 木刻玩器 _Mok-khuh wan-chi_.

Carvings. 刻作 _Khuh-tsauh_.

Silver ware. 銀器 _Nyung-chi_.

Boxes of puzzles. 七巧板 _Tshih-chau-pan_.

Teapots. 茶壺 _Dzo-‘oo_.

Please show me your wares. 儂个貨色請儂撥我看看 _Noong-kuh hoo-suh tshing noong peh ngoo khoen-khoen_.

What is the price of this? 第个啥價錢 _Di-kuh sa ka-dien?_

This is too dear. 第个價錢忒貴 _Di-kuh ka-dien thuh kyui_.

Can you make it cheaper? 可以[C1]點否 _Khau-i jang-tien va?_

This is imitation. 第个是翻做个 _Di-kuh z fan-tsoo-kuh_.

This is not real. 第个勿是眞个 _Di-kuh ’veh-z tsung-kuh_.

Can you use these dollars? 第个洋錢好用否 _Di-kuh yang-dien hau yoong va?_

What discount on Hongkong dollars? 每塊香港洋錢齾脫幾化 _’Me-khwe Hyang-kaung yang-dien ngah-theh kyi-hau?_

What is the value of Japanese yen? 每塊日本洋錢申幾化 _Me-khwe Zeh-pung yang-dien sung kyi-hau?_

How many Mexican dollars will an English sovereign bring? 每磅金洋値英洋幾化 _Me paung kyung-yang dzuk Iung-yang kyi-hau?_

What is the value of American dollars? 每塊花旗洋錢値幾化 _’Me khwe Hwo-ji yang-dien dzuh kyi-hau?_

=_THE CHINESE TEACHER_ (先生).= ----------

I want a (Chinese) teacher. 我要請一位先生 _Ngoo iau tshing ih-we sien-sang_.

I want to learn Mandarin. 我要學官話 _Ngoo iau ’auh Kwen-wo_.

I want to learn the Shanghai dialect. 我要學上海土白 _Ngoo iau ’auh Zaung-he thoo-bak_.

Good morning, teacher. 先生早呀 _Sien-sang tsau ’a_.

My Chinese words are few. 我个中國說話勿多 _Ngoo-kuh Tsoong-kok seh-wo ’veh-too_.

I want to study in the morning. 我要拉早晨讀書 _Ngoo iau la tsau-zung dok-su_.

What hour in the morning to begin? 早晨幾點鐘起頭 _Tsau-zung kyi tien-tsoong chi-deu?_

From seven to eight o’clock. 七點鐘到八點鐘 _Tshih tien-tsoong tau pah tien-tsoong_.

Can you come earlier? 儂能彀早點來否 _Noong nung-keu tsau-tien le va?_

What hour is most convenient? 啥時候頂便當 _Sa z-’eu ting bien-taung_.

How much a month do you wish? 每月儂要幾化薪水 _’Me nyoeh noong iau kyi-kau sing-soe?_

If each day [we] study one hour [I] want eight dollars. 若是每日讀一點鐘要八塊洋錢 _Zak-z ’me nyih dok ih tien-tsoong iau pah-khwe yang-dien_.

What book do you think I should study? 儂想讀啥个書 _Noong siang dok sa-kuh su?_

To aspirate is important. 出風是要緊个 _Tsheh-foong z iau-kyung kuh_.

Read it over again. 再讀一遍 _Tse dok ih-pien_.

[To teacher] Should I learn to write the characters? 儂想我要學寫中國字否 _Noong siang ngoo iau ’auh sia Tsoong-kok z va?_

[To teacher] Do I speak correctly? 我話來對否 _Ngoo wo le te va?_

[To student] You do not speak distinctly. 儂話來勿淸爽 _Noong wo le ’veh tshing-saung_.

Speak more quickly. 話來快點 _Wo-le khwa-tien_.

Speak more slowly. 話來慢點 _Wo-le man-tien_.

You speak too quick. 儂話來忒决 _Noong wo le thuh-khwa_.

To listen to other people’s idiom is important. 聼別人个話法是要緊个 _Thing bih-nyung-kuh wo-fah z iau-kyung-kuh_.

[We have] finished the study of this book; may [we] study Yates’ Lessons?* 第本書讀完之,可以讀中國譯語妙法否 Di pung su dok-wen-ts, khau-i dok Tsoong-kok Yuk Nyui Miau Fah va?

* Since writing these Sentences new Lessons on the Shanghai Dialect have been prepared by Rev. L. Hawks Pott, D.D.(卜先生)

Sir, please write a letter for me. 先生請儂替我寫一封信 _Sien-sang, tshing noong thi ngoo sia ih foong sing_.

[To teacher] To-morrow I have matters [to attend to] and will not be able to study. 明朝我有事體, 勿能讀書 _Ming-tsau ngoo yeu z-thi, ’veh nung dok-su_.

[To student] The day after to-morrow I go from home and cannot come to teach. 後日我要出門, 勿能來敎書 _‘Eu-nyih ngoo iau tsheh-mung, ’veh nung le kau su_.

At the beginning, of next week I want to go to the hills for a summer holiday, so in the meantime we will stop for a week. 下禮拜起, 我要上山歇夏, 所以暫時停一个月 _‘Au li-pa chi, ngoo iau zaung san hyih ‘au, soo-i dzan z ding ih-kuh nyoeh_.

=_NUMERALS_ (藪目).= ----------

1 一 _ih_ 2 二 _nyi_ 3 三 _san_ 4 四 _s_ 5 五 _ng_ 6 六 _lok_ 7 七 _tshih_ 8 八 _pah_ 9 九 _kyeu_ 10 十 _zeh_ 11 十一 _zeh-ih_ 12 十二 _zeh-nyi_ 13 十三 _zeh-san_ 14 十四 _zeh-s_ 15 十五 _so-ng_ 16 十六 _zeh-lok_ 17 十七 _zeh-tshih_ 18 十八 _zeh-pah_ 19 十九 _zeh-kyeu_ 20 念 or 二十 _nyan_ or _nyi-seh_ 21 念一 _nyan-ih_ 22 念二 _nyan-nyi_ 23 念三 _nyan-san_ 24 念四 _nyan-s_ 25 念五 _nyan-ng_ 26 念六 _nyan-lok_ 27 念七 _nyan-tshih_ 28 念八 _nyan-pah_ 29 念九 _nyan-kyeu_ 30 三十 _san-seh_ 31 卅一 _san-zeh-ih_ 40 四十 _s-seh_ 50 五十 _ng-seh_ 60 六十 _lok-seh_ 70 七十 _tshih-seh_ 80 八十 _pah-seh_ 90 九十 _kyeu-seh_ 100 一百 _ih-pak_ 101 一百零一 _ih-pak ling ih_ 102 一百零二 _ih-pak ling nyi_ 103 一百零三 _ih-pak ling san_ 104 一百零四 _ih-pak ling s_ 105 一百零五 _ih-pak ling ng_ 106 一百零六 _ih-pak ling lok_ 107 一百零七 _ih-pak ling tshih_ 108 一百零八 _ih-pak ling pah_ 109 一百零九 _ih-pak ling kyeu_ 110 一百十 _ih-pak zeh_ 111 一百十一 _ih-pak zeh-ih_ 200 二百 _nyi-pak_ 300 三百 _san-pak_ 400 四百 _s-pak_ 500 五百 _ng-pak_ 600 六百 _lok-pak_ 700 七百 _tshih-pak_ 800 八百 _pah-pak_ 900 九百 _kyeu-pak_ 1,000 一千 _ih-tshien_ 1,001 一千零零一 _ih-tshien ling ling ih_ 2,000 二千 _nyi-tshien_ 5,000 五千 _ng-tshien_ 10,000 一萬 _ih-man_ (or _ih van_) 20,000 二萬 _nyi-man_ 50,000 五萬 _ng-man_ 100,000 十萬 _zeh-man_ 500,000 五十萬 _ng-zeh man_ 900,000 九十萬 _kyeu-seh man_ 1,000,000 一百萬 _ih-pak man_

=_CLASSIFIERS_.= ----------

In this and the following sections a number of useful words are grouped according to grammatical or topical divisions. A study of the words, called classifiers, which come between “a” or “an” (or rather its equivalent, the numeral 一 _ih_) and the word itself, will make our communications to the Chinese correct and more lucid.

First Classifier, 个 (_kuh_). ------------------------------------------------- A man. 一个人 _Ih-kuh nyung_. A woman. 一个女人 _Ih-kuh nyui-nyung_. A son. 一个兒子 _Ih-kuh nyi-ts_. A daughter. 一个囡 _Ih-kuh noen_. A friend. 一个朋友 _Ih-kuh bang-yeu_. A native. 一个本地人 _Ih-kuh pung-di-nyung_. A servant. 一个用人 _Ih-kuh yoong-nyung_. A bottle. 一个玻璃瓶 _Ih-kuh poo-li-bing_. An egg. 一个蛋 _Ih-kuh-dan_. A scholar. 一个學生子 _Ih-kuh ‘auh-sang-ts_. A farmer. 一个種田入 _Ih-kuh tsoong-dien-nyung_. A carpenter. 一个木匠 _Ih-kuh mok-ziang_. A mason. 一个泥水匠 _Ih-kuh nyi-s-ziang_.

Second Classifier, 隻 (_tsak_). ------------------------------------------------- A dog. 一隻狗 _Ih-tsak keu_. A cat. 一隻猫 _Ih-tsak mau_. A fowl. 一隻雞 _Ih-tsak kyi_. A bird. 一隻窵 _Ih-tsak tiau_. A table. 一隻檯子 _Ih-tsak de-ts_. A trunk. 一隻箱子 _Ih-tsak siang-ts_. A bed. 一隻床 _Ih-tsak zaung_. A plate. 一隻盆子 _Ih-tsak bung-ts_. A saucer. 一隻茶杯 _Ih-tsak dzo-pe_. A cup. 一隻杯子 _Ih-tsak pe-ts_. A stove. 一隻火爐 _Ih-tsak hoo-loo_. A watch. 一隻表 _Ih-tsak piau_.

Third Classifier, 把 (_po_). ------------------------------------------------- A chair. 一把椅子 _Ih-po iui-ts_. A hammer. 一把榔頭 _Ih-po laung-deu_. A fan. 一把扇子 _Ih-po sen-ts_. An umbrella. 一把傘 _Ih-po san_.

Fourth Classifier, 條 (_diau_). ------------------------------------------------- A stream. 一條河 _Ih-diau ‘oo_. A bridge. 一條橋 _Ih-diau jau_. A road. 一條路 _Ih-diau loo_. A rope. 一條繩 _Ih-diau zung_. A snake. 一條蛇 _Ih-diau zo_. A bar of iron. 一條鐵條 _Ih-diau thih-diau_.

Fifth Classifier, 根 (_kung_). ------------------------------------------------- A stick of timber. 一根木頭 _Ih-kung mok-deu_. A bamboo. 一根竹頭 _Ih-kung tsok-deu_. A thread. 一根線 _Ih-kung sien_. A rope. 一根繩 _Ih-kung zung_.

Sixth Classifier, 本 (_pung_). ------------------------------------------------- A book. 一本書 _Ih-pung su_.

Seventh Classifier, 部 (_boo_). ------------------------------------------------- A work of one or more volumes. 一部書 _Ih-boo su_. A carriage. 一部馬車 _Ih-boo mo-tsho_. A ricksha. 一部東洋車 _Ih-boo toong-yang-tsho_. A wheelbarrow. 一部小車 _Ih-boo siau-tsho_.

Eighth Classifier, 座 (_zoo_). ------------------------------------------------- A mountain. 一座山 _Ih-dzoo san_. A city. 一座城 _Ih-dzoo dzung_. A house. 一座房子 _Ih-dzoo vaung-ts_. A pagoda. 一座塔 _Ih-dzoo thah_.

Ninth Classifier, 疋 (_phih_). ------------------------------------------------- A piece of cloth. 一疋布 _Ih-phih poo_.

Tenth Classifier, 匹 (_phih_). ------------------------------------------------- A horse. 一匹馬 _Ih-phih mo_. A mule. 一匹騾子 _Ih-phih loo-ts_.

Eleventh Classifier, 塊 (_khwe_). ------------------------------------------------- A piece of wood. 一塊木頭 _Ih-khwe mok-deu_. A slice of meat. 一塊肉 _Ih-khwe nyok_. A piece of land. 一塊地皮 _Ih-khwe di-bi_. A pane of glass. 一塊玻璃 _Ih-khwe poo-li_. A dollar. 一塊洋錢 _Ih-khwe yang-dien_. A brick. 一塊碌磚 _Ih-khwe lok-tsen_.

Twelfth Classifier, 幅 (_fok_). ------------------------------------------------- A painting or engraving. 一幅晝圖 _Ih-fok wo-doo_. A chart or map. 一幅地圖 _Ih-fok di-doo_.

Thirteenth Classifier, 扇 (_sen_). ------------------------------------------------- A door. 一扇門 _Ih-sen mung_. A screen. 一扇屛風 _Ih-sen bing-foong_.

Fourteenth Classifier, 乘 (_dzung_). ------------------------------------------------- A flight of stairs or a ladder. 一乘扶梯 _Ih-dzung voo-thi_. A step of a door. 一乘踏步 _Ih-dzung dah-boo_.

Fifteenth Classifier, 頂 (_ting_). ------------------------------------------------- A sedan chair. 一頂轎子 _Ih-ting jau-ts_. A hat. 一頂帽子 _Ih-ting mau-ts_.

Sixteenth Classifier, 位 (_we_). ------------------------------------------------- A visitor, a customer. 一位客人 _Ih-we khak-nyung_. A teacher. 一位先生 _Ih-we sien-sang_.

Seventeenth Classifier, 張 (_tsang_). ------------------------------------------------- A sheet of paper. 一張紙 _Ih-tsang ts_. A newspaper. 一張新聞紙 _Ih-tsang sing-vung-ts_.

Eighteenth Classifier, 爿 (_ban_). ------------------------------------------------- A foreign firm. 一爿洋行 _Ih-ban yang-‘aung_. A shop. 一爿店 _Ih-ban tien_.

Nineteenth Classifier, 副 (_foo_). ------------------------------------------------- A set of buttons. 一副鈕子 _Ih-foo nyeu-ts_. A pair of scrolls. 一副對聯 _Ih-foo te-lien_.

Twentieth Classifier, 雙 (_saung_). ------------------------------------------------- A pair of shoes. 一雙鞋子 _Ih-saung ‘a-ts_. A pair of gloves. 一雙手套 _Ih-saung seu-thau_.

Twenty-first Classifier, 尊 (_tsung_). ------------------------------------------------- An idol. 一尊菩薩 _Ih tsung boo sah_.

Twenty-second Classifier, 包 (_pau_). ------------------------------------------------- A parcel. 一包 _Ih-pau_. A bundle of clothing. 一包衣裳 _Ih-pau i-zaung_. A bale of cotton. 一包棉花 _Ih-pau mien-hwo_. A bale of silk. 一包絲 _Ih-pau s_.

Twenty-third Classifier, 棵 (_khoo_). ------------------------------------------------- A tree. 一棵樹 _Ih khoo zu_. A flowering plant. 一棵花 _Ih khoo hwo_.

Twenty-fourth Classifier, 面 (_mien_). ------------------------------------------------- A mirror. 一面鏡子 _Ih-mien kyung-ts_. A flag. 一面旗 _Ih-mien ji_

Twenty-fifth Classifier, 堆 (_te_). ------------------------------------------------- A pile of fuel. 一堆柴 _Ih te za_. A pile of coal. 一堆煤 _Ih te me_. A pile of stones. 一堆石頭 _Ih te zak-deu_. A pile of goods. 一堆貨色 _Ih te hoo-suh_.

Twenty-sixth Classifier, 綑 (_khwung_). ------------------------------------------------- A bundle of rice straw. 一綑稻柴 _Ih khwung dau-za_. A bundle of wood. 一綑柴 _Ih khwung za_.

Twenty-seventh Classifier, 管 (_kwen_). ------------------------------------------------- A pen. 一管筆 _Ih kwen pih_. A foot rule. 一管尺 _Ih kwen tshak_.

Twenty-eighth Classifier, 對 (te). ------------------------------------------------- A pair of fowls. 一對雞 _Ih te kyi_. A husband and wife. 一對夫妻 _Ih te foo-tshi_.

Twenty-ninth Classifier, 口 (_kheu_). ------------------------------------------------- A book-case. 一口書廚 _Ih kheu su-dzu_. A well. 一口井 _Ih kheu-tsing_.

Thirtieth Classifier, 桶 (_doong_). ------------------------------------------------- A barrel of flour. 一桶干麺 _Ih doong koen-mien_. A bucket of water. 一桶水 _Ih doong-s_.

Thirty-first Classifier, 瓶 (_bing_) ------------------------------------------------- A bottle (bottleful). 一瓶 _Ih bing_. A bottle of medicine. 一瓶藥 _Ih bing yak_.

Thirty-second Classifier, 箱 (_siang_). ------------------------------------------------- A box of tea. 一箱茶葉 _Ih siang dzo-yih_. A box of materials. 一箱貨色 _Ih siang hoo-suh_.

Thirty-third Classifier, 封 (_foong_). ------------------------------------------------- A letter. 一封信 _Ih foong sing_.

Thirty-fourth Classifier, 帮 (_paung_). ------------------------------------------------- The literary class. 讀書帮 _Dok-su paung_. The mercantile class. 生意帮 _Sang-i paung_. The Canton guild. 廣東帮 _Kwaung-toong paung_. The Ningpo guild. 甯波帮 _Nyung-poo paung_ or _Nyung pok paung_.

Thirty-fifth Classifier, 回 (_we_). ------------------------------------------------- One time. 一回 _Ih we_.

Thirty-sixth Classifier, 票 (_phiau_). ------------------------------------------------- A job of work. 一票生活 _Ih phiau sang-weh_. A business transaction. 一票生意 _Ih phiau sang-i_.

Thirty-seventh Classifier, 樁 (_tsaung_). ------------------------------------------------- An affair. 一樁事體 _Ih tsaung z-thi_.

Thirty-eighth Classifier, 層 (_dzung_). ------------------------------------------------- A three-storied house. 三層樓 _San-dzung leu_. A seven-storied pagoda. 七層塔 _Tshih-dzung thak_.

Thirty-ninth Classifier, 藏 (_dzaung_). ------------------------------------------------- A pile of books. 一藏書 _Ih-dzaung su_. A pile of plates. 一藏盆子 _Ih-dzaung bung-ts_.

Fortieth Classifier, 股 (_koo_). ------------------------------------------------- One share. 一股 _Ih koo_. A business of three partners. 三股分頭 _San koo vung-deu_.

Forty-first Classifier, 間 (_kan_). ------------------------------------------------- One room. 一間 _Ih kan_. A bed-room. 房間, 房頭 _Vaung-kan, vaung-deu_. An office. 寫字間 _Sia-z-kan_. Shroff’s room. 帳房間 _Tsang-vaung-kan_.

Forty-second Classifier, 件 (_jien_). ------------------------------------------------- A garment. 一件衣裳 _Ih jien i-zaung_. An affair. 一件實體 _Ih jien z-thi_.

Forty-third Classifier, 捸 (_da_). ------------------------------------------------- A row of houses. 一捸房子 _Ih da vaung-ts_. A row of trees. 一埭樹 _Ih da zu_.

_PRONOUNS_. ----------

Personal Pronouns. I. 我 _Ngoo_. You. 儂 _Noong_. He. 伊 _Yi_. We. 伲 _Nyi_. You. 㑚 _Na_. They. 伊拉 _Yi-la_.

Interrogative Pronouns. Who? What? 啥 _Sa?_ Which. 那裡 _‘a-li_.

Demonstrative Pronouns. This, these. 第个 _Di-kuh_. That, those. 伊个 _I-kuh_.

Indefinite Pronouns. All. 攏總 _Loong-tsoong_. Many. 多化 _Too-hau_. Few. 少 _Sau_. Each. 每 _’Me_. Whichever. 隨便 _Dzoe-bien_. Other. 別个 _Bih-kuh_.

=_Examples of Adjectives_.=

Good. 好 _Hau_. Better. 奸點 _Hau-tien_. Best. 頂好 _Ting-hau_. Bad. 勿好 _’Veh-hau_ (or 恘 _Cheu_.) Cold. 冷 _Lang_. Hot. 熱 _Nyih_. Black. 黑 _Huh_. White. 白 _Bak_. Red. 紅 _‘Oong_. Green. 綠 _Lok_. Blue. 藍 _Lan_. Yellow. 黃 _Waung_. Long. 長 _Dzang_. Short. 短 _Toen_. High. 高 _Kau_. Low. 低 _Ti_. Broad. 闊 _Khweh_. Narrow. 狹 _‘Ah_.

_Adverbs_. How. 那能 _Na-nung_. Why? 爲啥 _We-sa?_ When? 幾時 _Kyi-z?_ Now. 現在 _Yien-dze_. Thus. 實藎 _Zeh-ke_. But. 但是 _Dan-z_. Only. 不過 _Peh-koo_. Very. 蠻 _Man_.

_Conjunctions_. And. 咾 _Lau_. Therefore. 所以 _Soo-i_. Because. 因爲 _Iung-we_. If. 若是 _Zak-z_. Then. 難末 _Nan-meh_ Either. 或是 _‘Ok-z_.

=_DIRECTIONS (方向)_.= ----------