Part 9

═══════════╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤═══╤══ │ A │ B │ C │ D │ E │ F │ G │ H │ I │ J │ K │ L │ M │ N │ O │P ───────────┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼───┼── Argentina │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │. Austria- │ † │ † │ . │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ † │. Hungary │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Belgium │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Bolivia │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Borneo │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† China │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† Colombia │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ † │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Costa Rica │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ . │. Denmark │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ † │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Dominican │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Republic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ecuador │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Egypt │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │. France │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Germany │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │‡§ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Great │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ † │. Britain │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greece │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Guatemala │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │. Hanseatic │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Republic │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hayti │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │. Honduras │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Italy │ † │ . │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Japan │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Kongo Free │ † │ † │ † │ † │ . │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. State │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Korea │ † │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │† Liberia │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │. Madagascar │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │† Maskat │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Morocco │ † │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Netherlands│ † │ † │ . │ † │ ‡ │ § │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Nicaragua │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ ¶ │. Orange Free│ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ¶ │. State │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ottoman │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ ¶ │† Empire │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Paraguay │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Persia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │† Peru │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ † │ . │. Portugal │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │. Prussia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │. Roumania │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ ‡ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ . │. Russia │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ . │ ¶ │. Salvador │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ‡ │ § │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ¶ │. Samoan │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │† Islands │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Servia │ † │ † │ † │ † │ ‡ │ § │ † │ ‡ │ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ ‡ │ . │. Siam │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │† Spain │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Sweden and │ . │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ † │ . │ ¶ │. Norway │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Switzerland│ † │ † │ . │ . │ . │ § │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ ¶ │. Tripoli │ † │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ . │ † │ † │ . │† Tunis │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ . │ † │ † │ . │† ───────────┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴──

EXPLANATION OF PRECEDING TABLE

Whenever a sign of any kind appears in the preceding synopsis it means that there is a proviso in our treaty with that country touching more or less definitely upon the subject indicated. The sign (†) means that the subject is covered by the proviso or nearly so; a (‡) means that it is modified in some measure; a (§) means that it applies only to American citizens in the consular service, not to foreigners, and a (¶) means that the requisitions for the extradition of criminals may be made “through the superior consular officer; otherwise through the diplomatic service.” A blank space means that the point is not touched upon by any treaty now in force.

This synopsis of our commercial treaties shows at a glance their relative fullness or deficiency, and the most remarkable thing about it is their deficiency. Sometimes, it is true, by virtue of international comity, much larger discretion is exercised by consuls and diplomats than is vouchsafed by the terms of the treaty; but it is not to be inferred that this is always the case.

Treaties are sometimes intended to last forever (_in perpetuo_), and sometimes they are concluded for only a term of years. Political treaties, the purposes of which is usually to terminate wars, establish boundaries, award indemnities, etc., naturally belong, as a rule, to the first class, while commercial treaties usually have a time limit. This accounts for a good many of the blank spaces in the above synopsis.

It will be noticed that there are some countries in the above list which have not at present the treaty making power—such, for instance, as Egypt, the Hanseatic Republic, Prussia, Hawaii, Samoa, Madagascar, Borneo, Kongo Free State, etc. In such cases the government which assumes the sovereignty assumes the treaty obligations, or else concludes new ones.

It may be noticed, on the other hand, that there are no commercial treaties with either Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay or Chile. This does not mean that there are no political treaties with those countries, or that there never have been any commercial treaties, but merely that in some cases the latter have been allowed to lapse or have been abrogated, and no new ones have been concluded. Canada, Australia, India, and all other colonies have no sovereignty, and therefore are not states in international law. Hence they cannot appoint or receive ambassadors nor can they make treaties except through the sovereign power.

DIPLOMATIC SERVICE

To What Country Name and Rank. Accredited.

Argentine Republic William P. Lord, E. E. & M. P.

Francois S. Jones, Sec. of Leg.

Austria-Hungary Addison C. Harris, E. E. & M. P.

Charles V. Herdliska, Sec. of Leg.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Belgium Lawrence Townsend, E. E. & M. P.

Bolivia George H. Bridgman, E. E. & M. P.

Brazil Charles Page Bryan, E. E. & M. P.

Thomas C. Dawson, Sec. of Leg.

Chile Henry L. Wilson, E. E. & M. P.

Henry J. Lenderink, Sec. of Leg.

China Edwin H. Conger, E. E. & M. P.

Herbert G. Squiers,[DS1] Sec. of Leg.

Wm. E. Bainbridge, 2d Sec. of Leg.

Lt. Albert L. Key, Nav. Att.

Fleming D. Cheshire, Int.

Colombia Charles Burdett Hart, E. E. & M. P.

Arthur M. Beaupre, Sec. of Leg. & C. G.

Costa Rica William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS2]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Denmark Laurits S. Swenson, E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. W. R. Livermore, Mil. Att.

Dominican Republic William F. Powell, Chargé d’Affaires.

Ecuador Archibald J. Sampson, E. E. & M. P.

Egypt John G. Long, Agt. & C. G.

France Horace Porter, Amb. E. & P.

Henry Vignaud, Sec. of Emb.

Spencer F. Eddy, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Samuel Morrill, 3d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. William S. Sims, Nav. Att.

Germany Andrew D. White, Amb. E. & P.

John B. Jackson, Sec. of Emb.

Geo. M. Fisk, 2d Sec. of Emb.

H. Percival Dodge, 3d Sec. of Emb.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Great Britain Joseph H. Choate, Amb. E. & P.

Henry White, Sec. of Emb.

John R. Carter, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Jos. H. Choate, Jr., 3d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. Com’d’r John C. Colwell, Nav. Att.

Col. Samuel S. Sumner, Mil. Att.

Greece Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS3]

Guatemala W. Godfrey Hunter (n), E. E. & M. P.[DS4]

James C. McNally (n), Sec. of Leg. & C. G.

Haiti William F. Powell, E. E. & M. P.[DS5]

Honduras W. Godfrey Hunter (n), E. E. & M. P.[DS6]

Italy Wm. F. Draper, Amb. E. & P.

Lewis M. Iddings, Sec. of Emb.

R. C. Parsons, Jr., 2d Sec. of Emb.

Com’d’r W. H. Beehler, Nav. Att.

Japan Alfred E. Buck, E. E. & M. P.

J. R. Herod, Sec. of Leg.

Huntington Wilson, 2d Sec. of Leg.

Lt. Albert Key, Nav. Att.

Ransford Stevens Miller, Jr., Int.

Korea Horace N. Allen, Min. Res. & C. G.

Edwin V. Morgan, Sec. of Leg.

Pang Kyeng Hui, Int.

Kwon Yu Sup, Int.

Libera Owen L. W. Smith, Min. Res. & C. G.

James Robt. Spurgeon, Sec. of Leg.

Mexico Powell Clayton, Amb. E. & P.

Fenton R. McCreery, Sec. of Leg.

William Heimke (n), 2d Sec. of Leg.

Netherlands Stanford Newel, E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. James N. Wheelan, Mil. Att.

Nicaragua William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS7]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Paraguay William R. Finch, E. E. & M. P.[DS8]

Persia Herbert W. Bowen, Min. Res. & C. G.

John Tyler, Int.

Peru Irving B. Dudley, E. E. & M. P.

Richard R. Neill, Sec. of Leg.

Portugal John N. Irwin, E. E. & M. P.

Capt. S. L’H. Slocum, Mil. Att.

Roumania Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS9]

Russia Charlemagne Tower, Amb. E. & P.

Herbert H. D. Peirce, Sec. of Emb.

Herbert J. Hagerman, 2d Sec. of Emb.

Lt. William S. Sims, Nav. Att.

Salvador William L. Merry, E. E. & M. P.[DS10]

Rufus A. Lane, Sec. of Leg.

Servia Arthur S. Hardy, E. E. & M. P.[DS11]

Siam Hamilton King (n), Min. Res. & C. G.

James A. Chivers, Int.

Spain Bellamy Storer, E. E. & M. P.

Stanton Stickles,[DS12] Sec. of Leg.

Sweden and Norway William W. Thomas, Jr., E. E. & M. P.

Lt. Col. W. R. Livermore, Mil. Att.

Switzerland John G. A. Leishman, E. E. & M. P.

Capt. George R. Cecil, Mil. Att.

Turkey Oscar S. Straus (n), E. E. & M. P.

Lloyd C. Griscom, Sec. of Leg.

A. A. Gargiulo, Int.

Uruguay William R. Finch, E. E. & M. P.[DS13]

Venezuela Francis B. Loomis, E. E. & M. P.

W. W. Russell, Sec. of Leg.

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.

E. E. & M. P., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

Sec. of Leg., Secretary of Legation.

Sec. of Emb., Secretary of Embassy.

Nav. Att., Naval Attache.

Int., Interpreter.

C. G., Consul General.

Mil. Att., Military Attache.

Amb. E. & P., Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

Min. Res., Minister Resident.

Agt., Agent.

The letter (n) indicates that the officer is a naturalized citizen, and the letter (b) that he is authorized to transact business.

Footnote DS1:

Born of American parents temporarily residing abroad.

Footnote DS2:

Accredited also to Nicaragua and Salvador.

Footnote DS3:

Accredited also to Roumania and Servia.

Footnote DS4:

Accredited also to Honduras.

Footnote DS5:

Also Chargé d’Affaires to the Dominican Republic.

Footnote DS6:

Accredited also to Guatemala.

Footnote DS7:

Accredited also to Costa Rica and Salvador.

Footnote DS8:

Accredited also to Uruguay.

Footnote DS9:

Accredited also to Greece and Servia.

Footnote DS10:

Accredited also to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

Footnote DS11:

Accredited also to Greece and Roumania.

Footnote DS12:

Born in the legation at Madrid when his father was Minister to Spain.

Footnote DS13:

Accredited also to Paraguay.

CONSULAR SERVICE.

Place. Name and Title.

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

Buenos Ayres Daniel Mayer (n)[CS1] C.

Do George H. Newbery V. C.

Bahia Blanca Walter T. Jones Agt.

Cordoba (b) John M. Thome V. C.

Rosario (b) James M. Ayers C.

Do Charles H. Doherty V. & D. C.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Budapest, Hungary (b) Frank Dyer Chester C.

Do Louis Gerster (n) V. & D. C.

Fiume Agt.

Prague, Austria Hugo Donzelmann (n) C.

Do Emil Kubinzky V. C.

Reickenberg, Austria Frank W. Mahin[CS1] C.

Do Stefan Wagner V. & D. C.

Haida Frank Siller (n) Agt.

Trieste, Austria Frederick W. Hossfeld (n) C.

Do Felician Slataper (n) V. C.

Vienna, Austria Carl Bailey Hurst[CS2] C. G.

Do Alvesto S. Hogue V. & D. C. G.

Brunn Gustavus Schoeller Agt.

Innsbruck August Bargehr (n) Agt.

BELGIUM.

Antwerp George F. Lincoln C. G.

Do Stanislas H. Haine V. & D. C. G.

Do Francis E. Vouillon D. C. G.

Brussels George W. Roosevelt C.

Do Gregory Phelan V. & D. C.

Charleroi J. Fisher Reese Agt.

Ghent Richard Le Bert[CS1] C.

Do Julius A. Van Hee V. & D. C.

Liege Alfred A. Winslow[CS1] C.

Do John Gross V. & D. C.

Verviers Henry Dodt Agt.

BOLIVIA.

La Paz (b) Gerardo Zalles V. C.

BRAZIL.

Bahia Henry W. Furniss[CS1] C.

Do Louis G. Mackay V. C.

Aracaju Luiz Schmidt Agt.

Para Kavanaugh K. C. Kenneday[CS1]

Do Julius F. Hiedeman V. & D. C.

Manaos John C. Redman Agt.

Maranhao Luiz F. da S. Santos (n) Agt.

Pernambuco Edwin N. Gunsaulus[CS1] C.

Do John Krause V. C.

Ceara Antonio E. da Frota Agt.

Maceio Charles Goble Agt.

Natal Apollonio Barroca Agt.

Rio de Janeiro Eugene Seeger (n) C. G.

Do Will Leonard Lowrie V. & D. C. G.

Do Wolff Havelburg D. C. G.

Victoria Jean Zinze Agt.

Santos Max J. Baehr (n) C.

Do V. C.

Do Ulrico Christiansen D. C.

Rio Grande do Sul Jorge Vereker Agt.

CHILE.

Antofagasta (b) Charles C. Greene C.

Arica (b) John W. Lutz C.

Do David Simpson V. C.

Iquique (b) Joseph W. Merriam C.

Do Maximo Rosenstock V. C.

Valparaiso John F. Caples C.

Valparaiso August Moller, Jr. V. C.

Caldera John C. Morong Agt.

Coquimbo Andrew Kerr Agt.

Coronel J. Henry Downs Agt.

Punta Arenas Moritz Braun Agt.

Talcanuano John O. Smith Agt.

CHINA.

Amoy Anson Burlingame Johnson C.

Do Carl Johnson V. C.

Do Carl Johnson Mar.

Do Li Ung Bing Int.

Canton Robert M. McWade (n) C.

Do Hubbard T. Smith V. C.

Do Hubbard T. Smith C. C.

Do Frank R. Mowrer Mar.

Do Tsin Ching Chung Int.

Chefoo John Fowler C.

Do Henry A. C. Emery[CS2] V. & D. C.

Do Henry A. C. Emery[CS2] Int.

Chinkiang William Martin (n) C.

Do V. C.

Do George E. Sevey Mar.

Do Wan Bing Chung Int.

Chungking George F. Smithers[CS2] C.

Do Spencer Lewis V. C.

Do William Tseng Laisun Int.

Fuchau Samuel L. Gracey C.

Do Wilbur T. Gracey V. C.

Do Wilbur T. Gracey Mar.

Do Thomas Ling Int.

Hankau Levi S. Wilcox C.

Do V. C.

Do Int.

Do George E. Reed Mar.

Niuchwang (b) J. J. Fred. Bandinel V. & D. C.

Shanghai John Goodnow C. G.

Do V. C. G.

Shanghai Arthur H. White D. C. G.

Do George A. Derby Mar.

Do Stephen P. Barchet (n) Int.

Tientsin James W. Ragsdale C.

Do Sylvester G. Hill V. C.

Do Bertrand Ragsdale Mar.

Do Int.

COLOMBIA.

Barranquilla W. Irvin Shaw[CS1] C.

Do Elias P. Pellet V. & D. C.

Santa Marta Gerardo M. Danies Agt.

Bogota Arthur M. Beaupre [CS3]C. G.

Do Benito Zalamea V. C. G.

Bucaramanga Gustave Volkman Agt.

Cali William A. Barney Agt.

Cucuta Philip Tillinghast, Jr. Agt.

Honda Henry Hallam Agt.

Cartagena (b) Rafael Madrigal (n) C.

Do Augustus T. Hanabergh (n) V. C.

Quibdo Henry G. Granger Agt.

Colon William W. Cobbs C.

Do T. S. Flournoy Cobbs V. & D. C.

Bocas del Toro David R. Hand Agt.

Medellin (b) Thomas Herran C.

Do Walter C. Mann V. C.

Panama Hezekiah A. Gudger C. G.

Do Francis A. Gudger V. & D. C. G.

COSTA RICA.

San Jose John C. Caldwell C.

Do Charles S. Caldwell V. C.

Port Limon Richard H. Gadd Agt.

Punta Arenas Henry G. Morgan Agt.

DENMARK AND DOMINIONS.

Copenhagen John C. Ingersoll[CS1] C.

Do V. & D. C.

St. Thomas, W. I. Mahlon Van Horne[CS1] C.

St. Thomas, W. I. Julius C. Lorentzen V. C.

Christiansted, St. Andrew J. Blackwood Agt. Croix Island

Fredericksted, St. William F. Moore Agt. Croix Island

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.

Puerto Plata (b) Thomas Simpson C.

Do Arthur W. Lithgow V. C.

Monte Christi Isaac T. Petit Agt.

Samana (b) Jean M. Villain V. C. A.

Santo Domingo Campbell L. Maxwell C. G.

Do Juan A. Read V. C.

Azua John Hardy Agt.

Macoris Edward C. Reed Agt.

Sanchez Jose A. Puente (n) Agt.

ECUADOR.

Guayaquil Perry M. De Leon C. G.

Do Martin Reinberg (n) V. C. G.

Bahia de Caraquez Carlos A. Naht Agt.

Esmeraldas Ferdinand Servat (n) Agt.

Manta Pedro A. Moreira Agt.

FRANCE AND DOMINIONS.

Algiers, Africa (b) Daniel S. Kidder C.

Do Louis L. Legembre V. & D. C.

Beni-saf E. L. G. Milsom Agt.

Bone Antoine Felix Garbe Agt.

Oran Benjamin A. Courcelle Agt.

Bordeaux Albion W. Tourgee C.

Do V. C.

Do James L. Chassereau D. C.

Calais James B. Milner[CS1] C.

Do V. C.

Boulogne-sur-mer William Hale Agt.

Goree-Dakar, Africa (b) Peter Strickland C.

Do V. C.

Grenoble George B. Anderson C.

Do Thomas W. Murton V. C.

Guadeloupe Island W. I. Louis H. Ayme C.

Do Charles Bartlett V. & D. C.

Havre Alexander M. Thackara C.

Do John Preston Beecher V. & D. C.

Cherbourg Henry J. E. Hainneville Agt.

Honfleur Henry M. Hardy Agt.