CHAPTER XII

The Move to West Korea

_Truce Talks--Tactical Innovations--The Marines in Operation_ MIXMASTER--_Operations of Fifteen Months in Retrospect_

No chronicle of activities in Korea would be complete without a discussion of the truce talks which began in the summer of 1951. When the Communists proposed these meetings early in June, their motives were transparent; they were hurt, staggering, and badly in need of a breathing spell. Pretending a sudden interest in peace, the hard-pressed enemy requested talks at Kaesong for the purposes of recuperation.

The enemy would never admit the real damage he suffered. A typical excuse for the smashing CCF defeat was given in a book by Wilford G. Burchett, an Australian Communist who was a press correspondent behind the Chinese lines.

“Immediately prior to the beginning of the talks,” he explained, “the Korean-Chinese troops had withdrawn extensively along the East Coast, hoping to entice the Americans as deep as possible into a trap which would be sprung and would cut them off by an encircling move. The Americans were seriously nibbling at the bait when the proposal for cease-fire talks was made. The line was immediately frozen and Korean-Chinese troops started to dig in.”[359]

[359] Wilford G. Burchett: _This Monstrous War_ (Melbourne, 1953): J. Waters, 121–122. Burchett was a Communist free lance correspondent for left-wing newspapers. He wrote several books and articles lauding the Communist cause in the Korean War.

This beginning of static warfare was unquestionably the great turning point of a war whose course from that time on was to be decided at the conference table of Kaesong and later Panmunjom. Any doubts as to the actual motives of the Communists might have been dispelled upon reading in Burchett’s book this naive boast of the advantage taken of the truce talks by the Reds:

Digging in is an understatement of the way the Korean-Chinese troops literally burrowed into the mountains, constructed two and three story dwellings underground, linked mountains and hills by underground tunnels and carved deep communication trenches linking flank with flank and front with rear. They raked the insides out of mountains as you would rake ashes out of a furnace. Each hill, mountain or ridge was connected with its neighbors by deep, zig-zagged inter-communication trenches, at least two yards below ground level and with yard-high antiblast walls. In emergency, troops could be switched from hill-top to hill-top with the enemy never knowing. Similar trenches extended well to the rear, so that supplies could be brought up and withdrawals if necessary made in comparative safety.... Everything was deep underground with many yards of rock and earth between them and shells and bombs, atomic or otherwise. Back of the front line positions, similar scooped-out mountain ridges stretched all the way back to Pyongyang and further. It was against these positions that Van Fleet began hurling his troops in August, 1951.[360]

[360] _Ibid._ General Van Fleet did not “hurl” his troops against anything. He began limited offensives for the purpose of improving Eighth Army morale and maintaining offensive spirit. See Gen James A. Van Fleet, ltr of 28 Feb 59.

The breathing spell provided by preliminary truce talk discussions gave the Communists an opportunity they had not previously enjoyed. Not only did they have time to prepare sturdy and effective entrenchments, but they were able to bring up additional mortars and artillery to equal those of the Allied forces. As a further advantage, while “free from the compulsion of impending military disaster,”[361] they made use of the interlude to reorganize and train NKPA divisions to a new and increased level of effectiveness.

[361] C. Turner Joy, _How Communists Negotiate_, 28.

Communists are never embarrassed in the least to deny an agreement already reached, and once having accomplished their intermediate goal, the Red delegates broke off the Kaesong talks for a while. Once the pressure on them was reduced, the enemy was in a position to try to obtain the most favorable terms for armistice talks, even if it meant prolonging the fighting.

The change in tactics soon became apparent. “Since the opening of the Kaesong conference,” commented a FECom G-2 report, “the enemy has deviated from his usual tactics of ‘flexible defense’ which he so skilfully employed during the buildup period prior to all his past offensives--to that of a more orthodox ‘fixed defense.’ Where the enemy in the past has defended key terrain features with relatively small groups to delay friendly forces, he has now changed over to tactics of a fixed line of defense to be defended at all costs.”[362]

[362] FECom G-2 Intelligence Summary, 18 Sep 51.

“The most extended delay imposed upon the Korean Armistice Conference by the Communists was in connection with the exchange of prisoners of war,”[363] which subject will be discussed in Volume V of this series. The United Nations contended that all prisoners should be “screened” to determine whether they wished to return to their side of origin. No prisoner was to be returned against his wishes. The Communists claimed this treatment consisted of a reign of terror in which CCF prisoners were held at gunpoint.

[363] Joy, _How Communists Negotiate_, 53.

Some prisoners held in UN camps rioted and injuries and deaths resulted. This provided the Communists with excellent propaganda on which to denounce our principles of no forced repatriation.[364] In the end, after a delay of more than 14 months of war, the Communists finally did accept this principle, and an armistice was achieved.

[364] _Ibid._

The Communist delaying tactics were not entirely without benefits to the Allied forces, for the major part of the 1st Marine Division had the opportunity to go into reserve and engage in several weeks’ intensive training. While the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing was busily participating in the interdiction activities of Operation STRANGLE, General Van Fleet and his ground commanders felt frustrated over their orders to “sit tight” rather than attack and prevent further enemy buildup.

An agreement to resume cease-fire talks, this time at Panmunjom, led to a EUSAK order which committed the 1st Marine Division and other major units to a defensive stand behind a fixed line of demarcation on 20 September 1951 (Map 19). Further negotiations resulted in a month’s lull which was brought about by the fact that the delegates could not agree on where the lines would remain if the fighting stopped. The United States delegates pressed for a settlement within a 30-day period. The Communists continued to stall. The United States then consented to accept the present (then current) demarcation line if the Communists agreed within the 30-day period.[365]

[365] Col J. C. Murray, Comments, Jan 59.

The significance of these dates was to become more and more plain as the conflict dragged on into 1952 with both sides on the defensive, limiting themselves to the raids and patrols of positional warfare while the appointed representatives haggled for a truce. Although the Marines did not realize it, the war had already turned into a contest of watchful waiting and fierce local fights.

This line of demarcation left the Eighth Army holding a MLR across one of the narrowest parts of the peninsula (Map 22). Just behind the Communist MLR the peninsula bulged to the west. This meant that the enemy had to devote much of his effort to mining the waters and defense of many beaches against a surprise amphibious attack, and it necessitated keeping in operation long and vulnerable supply lines.

It is probable that a UN breakthrough or successful amphibious operation could have been mounted at this time,[366] for several high ranking officers expressed such opinions. All the necessary ingredients were available, yet the high level decision for such an operation was not made.

[366] BGen V. H. Krulak, Comments, Jan 59.

_Tactical Innovations_

Until World War II, it had been a deserved reproach throughout the brief history of our country that Americans were never prepared at the outset of a war. A welcome departure from this tenet came in 1942 when the Marine Corps and Navy introduced the new amphibious tactics they had developed during the 1930s. Victory in the Pacific War was due in large measure to the techniques, landing craft, and vehicles of the Navy-Marine Corps ship-to-shore attack.

As a result, North Africa, Europe, and the Japanese-occupied islands of the Pacific were opened to invasion without a single major reverse. In contrast, Hitler’s _Wehrmacht_ lacked both the techniques and equipment to launch a cross-channel attack on England in 1940, and Operation SEA LION was of necessity abandoned by an army that dominated the rest of Europe as a result of victories in land warfare.

Again, in Korea, the Marines demonstrated their foresightedness by taking a prominent part in the development of such important innovations as combat helicopters, body armor, and thermal footwear.[367] By the first month in 1952 the combat helicopter had proved to be of immeasurable assistance in modern warfare, in the beginning of the Korean War the “chopper” was initially used for command and liaison flights and reconnaissance missions. Evacuation of casualties and rescue missions also became routine duties, and within a short time the helicopter became the favorite “workhorse” for a variety of tasks. In September of 1951 tactical troop movements began. These operations made newspaper headlines everywhere.

[367] Previous chapters discuss the background and development of these innovations.

Of greater tactical importance, at least in the opinion of the front-line rifleman, was the physical protection provided him. The armored vest and the new thermal boots were first tested by Marines late in 1951 and soon came to be highly desired items of equipment.

The fighting men in Korea would not disagree with Benjamin Franklin’s statement that “there never was a good war,” but modern inventions certainly improved conditions by providing for the safety and comfort of the fighting men. Marine transport helicopters and body armor were of particular importance because they added to the human resources of UN forces opposed by an enemy with a contempt for life, based on seemingly endless reserves of manpower. UN commanders in their fight against the Communist forces could not recklessly expend lives as did the enemy; therefore, the Allies had need of tactical innovations and life-saving devices in order to compensate for a lack of numbers.

_The Marines in Operation_ MIXMASTER

In the spring of 1952, when the UN and Communist forces were facing each other from static positions and fighting local engagements, Operation MIXMASTER took place. MIXMASTER was a complicated rearrangement of UN divisions across the entire Korean front during March, and involved the shuffling of about 200,000 men and their equipment over distances from 25 to 180 miles. It was a severe test of Eighth Army mobility.[368]

[368] Col B. T. Hemphill, Comments, 30 Jan 59.

General Van Fleet visited the 1st Marine Division CP on 12 March 1952, and announced an important command decision. After six months of defensive warfare in the same sector along Line MINNESOTA (20 September 1951 to 16 March 1952) the Division was to move across the peninsula to West Korea.

The Marines had orders to relieve the 1st ROK Division and take over a sector at the extreme left of the Eighth Army line under the operational control of I Corps (Map 22). There they would have the responsibility for blocking Korea’s historic invasion route to Seoul. The reasons behind this EUSAK decision were summarized in the 1st Marine Division report as follows:

(1) The abandonment of plans to carry out an amphibious envelopment somewhere on the east coast;

(2) Concern over weaknesses in the Kimpo area defenses;

(3) The overall situation would not permit loss of ground on the EUSAK left (South Korea) as this would endanger the capital at Seoul; that if retraction of lines was necessary, territory could better be sacrificed on the right (North Korea) where the country was mountainous and had little economic or strategic value.[369]

[369] 1stMarDiv _HD_, Mar 52, 1–2.

Up to this time the four corps of the Eighth Army had defended a 125-mile front across the peninsula (Map 22) with the following units in line from left to right on 15 March 1952.

I CORPS--ROK 1st Division; British Commonwealth Division; U.S. 3d Infantry Division (-); U.S. 45th Infantry Division (Oklahoma National Guard); ROK 9th Division. In reserve were the ROK 8th Division and RCT-65 of the U.S. 3d Infantry Division.

IX CORPS--U.S. 2d Infantry Division; ROK 2d Division; U.S. 40th Infantry Division (California National Guard); ROK 3d Division. In reserve were the U.S. 7th Infantry Division (-), RCT-17 of that Division, and the ROK Capitol Division.

X CORPS--ROK 7th Division; U.S. 25th Infantry Division; U.S. 1st Marine Division (including 1st KMC Regiment). In reserve was the ROK 6th Division (-).

I ROK CORPS--ROK 5th Division (-). In reserve was the ROK 11th Division (-).[370]

[370] EUSAK _Cmd Rpt_, Mar 52, 13–14.

Allowing for a few changes, these were the positions held by major EUSAK units through the winter of 1951–1952.

The Marine move was launched by Division Operation Plan 2-52 and provided that the 1st Marine Division would be relieved by the 8th ROK Division as a preliminary to movement overland and by sea to the relief of the 1st ROK Division and defense of Line JAMESTOWN in the I Corps sector in the west. According to verbal orders later confirmed by EUSAK OI 272, transportation by truck and ship was specified, and the move was to be completed prior to 1 April.[371]

[371] Sources for this section are 1stMarDiv _HD_, Mar 52, 9–10; 1st MT Bn _HD_, Mar 52; 7th MT Bn _HD_, Mar 52.

Obviously such a transplacement--moving entire divisions great distances from one sector of the MLR to another--necessitated careful timing and close coordination, but the planners involved were equal to the task. In referring to detailed plans by the Division G-3 Section (Lieutenant Colonel Gordon D. Gayle) and the G-4 Section (Colonel Robert A. McGill), several unit commanders expressed the opinion that “the move from east to west was a masterpiece of logistical efficiency with no unnecessary paper work and no undue harrassment.”[372]

[372] Col T. A. Culhane, Jr., Comments, 4 Mar 59, and others.

In addition to transporting the Division, the arrival of replacements and departure of personnel to be rotated to the United States were smoothly coordinated into the over-all plan. The transport _General W. H. Gordon_ anchored at Sokcho-ri on 16 March with 174 officers and 1,135 enlisted men of the 18th Replacement Draft. The newly arrived Marines scarcely had time to drop their seabags before they joined the motor march to West Korea. The _Gordon_ departed with 103 officers and 1,135 Marines homeward bound, and the 2d Logistical Command (Army) received a 1st Marine Division request to route the 19th Replacement Draft, due in April, to Inchon instead of Sokcho-ri.

At K-50, near Sokcho-ri on the east coast, air freight and passenger service was discontinued and diverted to the new Division airhead, K-16, at Seoul. The Division railhead was changed to Munsan-ni (Map 22).

The first Marine unit to depart for West Korea was the KMC Regiment with its organic battalion of artillery. Since the artillery had to be moved and repositioned all across the front with as little interruption as possible in overall support available at any one time, the 11th Marines CO planned to move his battalions directly into their new firing positions. This was preceded by an initial detailed reconnaissance.

Elements of the U.S. 25th Infantry sideslipped to the right and assumed responsibility for the Marine sector on the 17th (Map 22), and the KMCs and the 1st Battalion, 11th Marines moved into their new positions on 18 March. The other artillery battalions followed at two-day intervals, all battalions firing from their new positions by 24 March.

The movement of the 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion (less Company A), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel John T. O’Neill, was an unforgettable experience. Embarking on LSTs manned by a skeleton Japanese crew, the vessels headed for the Kimpo Peninsula. The weather was squally and foggy throughout, and the ships were completely blacked out at night with no facilities for emergency transmission of messages. There were many navigational hazards, but in spite of this, and the lack of adequate navigational equipment, the LSTs arrived at their destination without incident.

Two days later, on 20 September, the 1st Tank Battalion and the antitank companies of the three infantry regiments also took the sea route to the new Division area in the west.

Division Operation Order 8-52, dated 18 March, directed the 1st Marines to proceed by motor march from the Division reserve area at Camp TRIPOLI to the new Division area east of Munsan-ni, and there to move into front line positions. The 7th Marines, after being relieved on the 20th by elements of the 8th ROK Division, assembled at Camp TRIPOLI and moved by truck to West Korea. Colonel Austin R. Brunelli, who had replaced Colonel Custis Burton, Jr., as chief of staff, moved the forward CP personnel and prepared the new Division command post.

After being relieved by the ROKs on the 23d, the 5th Marines departed their east coast area. Two days later the regiment arrived in the Munsan-ni area behind the 7th Marines and the remaining elements of the artillery regiment.

The 5th Marines had originally been scheduled to occupy reserve positions on the Kimpo Peninsula, but plans were changed en route. The commanding general and his G-3 were appalled at the Division sector’s width, and after General Selden had a chance to inspect the areas to be defended and talk over the situation with the commanders of the 1st and 7th Marines (Col Sidney S. Wade and Col Russell E. Honsowetz), he decided that the 5th Marines should go into the line.[373]

[373] _Ibid._

A few hours after the 5th Marines convoy left the east coast on their 140-mile trans-Korea move, helicopters picked up the regimental and battalion commanders from their respective vehicles in the convoy and took them to the new Division CP. There they were assigned new defensive sectors and immediately reconnoitered the ground while awaiting the arrival of their units. By the time the regiment arrived, all preparations were made for them to move into positions and relieve a portion of the thinly stretched line of the 1st Marines.

It had been a busy week for the 1st and 7th Motor Transport Battalions, commanded respectively by Lieutenant Colonel Howard E. Wertman and Major Herbert E. Pierce. Two hundred Division trucks and a like number of U.S. Army vehicles made up the long columns that shuttled back and forth across the peninsula. The plan provided for moving an infantry regiment every third day. For the drivers this meant a 140-mile trip, a return trip the following day, and a one-day layover for maintenance before commencing the new cycle. The artillery battalions, by order of X Corps, were retained until the latest possible date.

The statistics of Operation MIXMASTER are impressive. It took 5,716 truck loads and 80 DUKW loads to move most of the Division personnel, gear, and supplies. Sixty-three lowboys (flat-bed trailers) and 83 railroad cars were also utilized in addition to hundreds of jeeps and jeep trailers. Three LSDs and 11 LSTs sailed from Sokcho-ri to Inchon with the heaviest equipment.

During the previous winter a sizable number of prefabricated shelters had been set up for supporting and headquarters units. Since timber, logs, and salvage materials were in short supply, the 1st Marine Division moved large quantities of these materials to the west coast in order to live as comfortably as possible under static warfare conditions.

The operations of the 1st Marine Division in defense of the western sector of Line JAMESTOWN do not come within the scope of Volume IV. The account of Marine activities in the new sector, under the operational control of I Corps, will be discussed in the fifth and final volume of this series.

_Operations of Fifteen Months in Retrospect_

During 1951 the Korean War became a most unpopular military venture among Americans. As a consequence, letters and newspapers from home caused a certain amount of anxiety among citizen-soldiers in Korea. To counter any spirit of doubt which may have arisen, military leaders issued frank and honest replies to inquiring politicians.

The _esprit de corps_ of Marines was high, and they were well aware of their purpose in Korea. One noted author, on spending a couple of days among front-line Marines during January of 1952, told a group of officers at the Division CP that he “was impressed with the morale of the Marines on the MLR.” He stated that he “had been prepared to find that they didn’t know what they were fighting for or why they were there.” However, he was encouraged to find that they knew exactly their purpose in the Korean fighting.[374]

[374] Col F. B. Nihart, Comments regarding author James Michener’s visit to 1stMarDiv, ltr of 23 Mar 59.

The period of nearly 15 months covered by Volume IV was at that time the longest stretch of land warfare ever experienced by a major Marine unit. Even during the numerous island-hopping campaigns of World War II, the periods of combat were relatively brief for each.

Glancing back over the year 1951 with the benefit of hindsight, it is evident that Marine “uncommon valor” during this period was supplemented by such outstanding innovations as helicopter-borne assaults and lightweight body armor, concepts brought to fruition by the pressure of combat.

It is also apparent that Marine training, both for officers and enlisted men, paid off handsomely under the demands of practically every type of land warfare. The Division chalked up a commendable record of service fighting on the east-central front. Since the UN commander desired to have EUSAK’s only amphibious trained and equipped division near a coast offering a suitable selection of landing beaches, the Division was originally positioned in the east. Not since the Inchon landing, however, had the Marines been employed in their specialty, amphibious assault.

Subsequent to the unprecedented Chosin Reservoir campaign of late 1950 the Division reorganized and refitted in South Korea near Masan. Then in January and February of 1951 came the prolonged guerrilla-hunting campaign (Map 5) some 60 air miles north of Masan. Division operations in this area covered more than 1,000 square miles.[375]

[375] Gen O. P. Smith, USMC (Ret.), ltr of 28 Jan 59.

The mountainous terrain offered cover and concealment for the clandestine operations of far too many enemy groups. A solution to this problem was found in “rice paddy patrols”--groups ranging from a fire team to a squad in size which penetrated the mountain areas on foot to flush out small enemy bands. In retrospect, had one squadron of helicopters been available at that time, and its quick lift capabilities utilized, the increased mobility and surveillance would have made quite a difference in the conduct of the action.

Although land-based Marine air power had been under operational control of the Fifth Air Force during the Chosin Reservoir fighting, a verbal agreement allowed the 1st MAW commander to provide directly necessary support to the 1st Marine Division. At the same time, carrier-based Marine planes were flying on the west coast along with other Allied planes harrassing enemy traffic.

During the guerrilla hunt VMO-6 planes provided air support to the 1st Marine Division while Marine attack aircraft were busy elsewhere along the Eighth Army front. Marine pilots, operating under JOC control, felt frustrated because they were unable to provide the timely close air support desired by the infantry. The Marine viewpoint held that too many links in the Air Force system of control caused an excessive delay in bringing air power over the target. This system continued for the remainder of the year.

As an operation, the guerrilla hunt was merely a series of minor engagements, but it accomplished its purpose of clearing out most of the North Korean irregulars who had been a constant threat in the Eighth Army’s rear. In addition, the numerous small patrols provided excellent training for the newly arrived replacements.

The Eighth Army seemed to gain new vitality under General Ridgway. On the 18th of February, when the general learned that the enemy was withdrawing, he ordered a limited offensive. Operation KILLER began three days later, and was followed by Operation RIPPER on 7 March. The purpose of these operations was twofold: (1) General Ridgway wanted to restore his army’s fighting spirit after its two defeats during the 1950–1951 winter; and (2) he wished to keep the Chinese Reds off balance while they prepared for another Communist offensive.

For the Marines these two operations were an experience with a strictly limited offensive. The advance was “buttoned up” as major units paid close attention to lateral contact. As the advance continued in March and April, mud proved to be an adversary second only to a formidable enemy using delaying tactics, and the Division as a whole had a thorough workout in the logistics of the offensive under adverse conditions.

In early April the Division, as part of the Eighth Army, crossed the 38th parallel and continued the attack to the north, the purpose being to threaten the suspected enemy buildup for an offensive. EUSAK forces rolled onward while the enemy, using his roving defensive tactics, fought vigorously and withdrew.

The long-expected enemy counterblow fell on the night of 22 April and resulted in the 1st Marine Division bearing the brunt of a 48-hour attack (Map 10). This opening CCF assault in the IX Corps area of east-central Korea was intended to throw the Eighth Army off balance as a preliminary to aiming the main blow at I Corps in west Korea.

The CCF attack opened a hole in the MLR large enough for a major breakthrough, and the Communists apparently expected to exploit this success to the fullest. However, the Allied line pulled back, consolidated, and held, as the Division’s reserve regiment was thrown in to stem the tide. As the Marine flank was refused, the units on the left found themselves facing to the west while stopping the enemy thrust. Slowly, trading space for time, the Marines contained the enemy attack while the entire Eighth Army line organized new positions.

The enemy effort ground to a halt in the east-central sector, and the Chinese Reds were contravened in their attempt to take Seoul by May Day. Surprise and impetus were lost on the western front when they struck several days later, only to be stopped with frightful losses after a few gains on regimental fronts. The Allied line now held firm.

The Division’s war of maneuver had worked well in halting this round of the CCF offensive, but the Communists were far from finished. As 17 enemy divisions were still available to attack, the Marine division was shifted to the east on 1 May in preparation for an expected battle.

On the 16th of May the Chinese offensive again opened, with the enemy hitting more to the east than had been expected, and making a deep but narrow penetration near the coast. The Marines moved eastward, established blocking positions, and engaged fringe units of the drive. This allowed the right flank Army division to move farther east and brake the enemy’s rush.

The enemy was dangerously overextended when the UN counterstroke hit him late in May. For a month the Eighth Army attacked and advanced, the Marines slugging ahead day after day in the X Corps zone of action. CCF casualties mounted high, and Marine veterans of only a few months of Korean service saw scores of enemy corpses left behind on the battlefield as the enemy withdrew northward.

This great UN counteroffensive netted prisoners all along the EUSAK front as remnants of CCF platoons and even companies threw down their arms. Marines captured their share. Upwards of 10,000 Chinese surrendered to the Allies in a 10-day period--more prisoners than had been taken up to this time.

As the Chinese withdrew northward they left determined NKPA troops behind. The 1st Marine Division moved slowly forward, fighting for every inch of ground. So fierce was the enemy’s resistance that at times during June the division commander was forced to commit all four regiments (the KMCs included) in the attack at the same time in order to seize designated objectives. This was a modification of accepted tactical doctrine, necessitated by the situation.

Throughout March, April, and part of May, Marine pilots continued to provide close air support not only for the 1st Marine Division, but also for other Allied units as directed by JOC. From the beginning of Operation STRANGLE on 20 May this interdiction effort had first priority, and close air support to all infantry units was secondary. Difficulties in air-ground communication continued as radio frequencies were heavily burdened with traffic. Although the 1st Marine Division received a proportionate share of the few air support missions flown, the frustrating time lag between requests for air support and the arrival of planes on target continued into the next year.

Some planes were always available for front line support, although rarely ever enough according to infantrymen’s opinion. When they had the chance, 1st MAW pilots viciously attacked the fleeing enemy to ease the way for advancing ground troops. During June the unrelenting pressure of combined air-ground attacks sometimes caused large groups of enemy to surrender. Marines also captured thousands of rounds of enemy ammunition and other equipment.

By the last week in June the Marines had entrenched themselves along the Division’s assigned portion of the MLR and “caught their breath” after two months of hard fighting. In driving from the Hwachon Reservoir area to the Punchbowl, they had employed practically every weapon and tactic that could be used in an all-out offensive. The Division then settled down to stable positions for a while, and some units had the opportunity to go into reserve and train.

It was a recharged 1st Marine Division (the 5th and 11th Marines did not go into reserve during this period) which moved back into the lines at the end of August. The offensive which opened northeast of the Punchbowl on the 30th and lasted with few and brief interludes until 20 September was the equal of the June fighting in sustained ferocity. All four infantry regiments (including the KMCs) went up against seemingly impregnable opposition.

The enemy’s “stubborn defense of strong positions and many well-placed log and earth bunkers was similar to the tenacious tactics of the Japanese in World War II,” according to a Navy report. “His artillery and mortar fires were effective, his minefields continued to be hazardous for many weeks, and his ability to dig in and fortify his positions [was] always impressive.”[376]

[376] _PacFlt Interim Rpt_ No. 3, 15–25.

After the 20th of September the EUSAK commander ordered that no further offensives be launched and that the MLR be stabilized. This was a period of aggressive patrolling, local attacks for more advantageous pieces of terrain, and watchful waiting to determine the outcome of truce negotiations. In spite of Operation STRANGLE, enemy vehicular movements increased at the end of the year, but 1st MAW pilots continually attempted to provide more support for all the infantry divisions.

The mission of the 1st Marine Division at this time was to organize, construct, and defend its sector of the MLR, a front of more than 13 miles. Although there were heavy local skirmishes, during the latter months of 1951 and the first 3 months of 1952, no great offensive drives were launched. Essentially, the Marines were engaged in an aggressive defense of their positions until they moved to West Korea.

While all Marines were hoping that the conflict would soon end, there was no slackening of the customary vigilance. All hands remembered General Ridgway’s words of the previous year, that it was “... a fight for our own freedom, our own survival ...,”[377] and this was their creed.

[377] See Ridgway’s Declaration of Faith, Chapter 1.

These lines would have made a fitting epitaph for Marines who gave their lives in Korea. They had as worthy a cause as any fighting men of our history, for it had become increasingly plain since World War II that a stand must eventually be made against Communist encroachments. By going halfway around the world to fight the enemy on his own doorstep, Americans may well have spared themselves a more bloody and costly future struggle nearer to their own homeland if not actually on their own soil. The designs of Red China and Soviet Russia were unmasked in Korea, and the people of the United States awakened to their peril after neglecting the Nation’s defenses since 1945. To that extent, therefore, the operations in Korea were a defeat for Communism.

APPENDIX A

Glossary of Technical Terms and Abbreviations

ADC--Assistant Division Commander

AdmO--Administrative Order

AD--Douglas “Skyraider” single engine attack plane

AF--Air Force

AH--Hospital Ship

AirDelPlat--Air Delivery Platoon

AirO--Air Officer

AirSptSec--Air Support Section

AmphTracBn--Amphibian Tractor Battalion

AmphTrkBn--Amphibian Truck Battalion

ANGLICO--Air and Naval Gunfire Liaison Company

ArmdAmphBn--Armored Amphibian Battalion

AT--Antitank

AutoMaintCo--Automotive Maintenance Company

AutoSupCo--Automotive Supply Company

BB--Battleship

BLT--Battalion Landing Team

Bn--Battalion

Btry--Battery

BuMed--Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

C-47--Douglas Transport used by Air Force (same as R4D)

CA--Heavy Cruiser

CCF--Chinese Communist Forces

CG--Commanding General

CIC--Counter Intelligence Corps, USA

CinCFE--Commander in Chief, Far East

CinCPacFlt--Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet

CinCUNC--Commander in Chief, United Nations Command

CL--Light Cruiser

CO--Commanding Officer

Co--Company

ComFltAirWing--Commander Fleet Air Wing

ComNavFe--Commander Naval Forces Far East

ComPacFlt--Commander Pacific Fleet

ComPhibGruOne--Commander Amphibious Group One

ComSeventhFlt--Commander Seventh Fleet

ComUNBlockandCortFor--Commander United Nations Blockade and Escort Force

CP--Command Post

CR--Command Report

C/S--Chief of Staff

CSG--Combat Service Group

CSUSA--Chief of Staff, U. S. Army

CTF--Commander Task Force

CTG--Commander Task Group

CVE--Escort Aircraft Carrier

CVL--Light Aircraft Carrier

DD--Destroyer

DE--Destroyer Escort

Det--Detachment

DOW--Died of Wounds

EmbO--Embarkation Order/Officer

EngrBn--Engineer Battalion

EUSAK--Eighth U.S. Army in Korea

FABn--Field Artillery Battalion (USA)

FAC--Forward Air Controller

FAF--Fifth Air Force

FEAF--Far East Air Force

FECOM--Far East Command

F4U--Chance-Vought “Corsair” Single-Engine Fighter-Bomber

F4U-5N--Chance-Vought “Corsair” Single-Engine Night Fighter

F7F-3N--Grumman “Tigercat” Twin-Engine Night Fighter

FMFPac--Fleet Marine Force, Pacific

FO--Forward Observer

FragOrder--Fragmentary Order

Fum&BathPlat--Fumigation and Bath Platoon

GHQ--General Headquarters

Gru--Group

H&SCo--Headquarters and Service Company

HD--Historical Diary

Hedron--Headquarters Squadron

HO3S--Sikorsky Helicopter

HqBn--Headquarters Battalion

HQMC--Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps

InfDiv--Infantry Division (USA)

Interv--Interview

ISUM--Intelligence Summary

JANIS--Joint Army-Navy Intelligence Studies

JCS--Joint Chiefs of Staff

JMS--Japanese Minesweeper

JSPOG--Joint Strategic Planning and Operations Group

JTF--Joint Task Force

KIA--Killed in Action

KMC--Korean Marine Corps

Ln--Liaison

LSD--Landing Ship, Dock

LSM--Landing Ship, Medium

LSMR--Landing Ship, Medium-Rocket

LST--Landing Ship, Tank

LSTH--Landing Ship, Tank-Casualty Evacuation

LSU--Landing Ship, Utility

Ltr--Letter

LVT--Landing Vehicle, Tracked

MAG--Marine Aircraft Group

MAW--Marine Aircraft Wing

MS--Manuscript

MedBn--Medical Battalion

MedAmbCo--Medical Ambulance Company (USA)

MIA--Missing in Action

MISD--Military Intelligence Service Detachment (USA)

MLR--Main Line of Resistance, the main front line

Mosquito--North American AT-6 “Texan” Trainer; Single Engine Plane used as Airborne FAC and Target Spotting

MP--Military Police

MRO--Movement Report Office

Msg--Message

MSR--Main Supply Route

MSTS--Military Sea Transport Service

MTACS--Marine Tactical Air Control Squadron

MTBn--Motor Transport Battalion

NavBchGru--Naval Beach Group

NavFE--Naval Forces Far East

NCO--Noncommissioned Officer

NK--North Korea(n)

NKPA--North Korean People’s Army

N.d.--Date not given

N.t.--Time not given

O--Officer; Order

OCMH--Office of the Chief of Military History (USA)

OI--Operation Instruction

OpnO--Operation Order

OpnPlan--Operation Plan

OrdBn--Ordnance Battalion

OY--Consolidated-Vultee Single-Engine Light Observation Plane

PhibGru--Amphibious Group

PIR--Periodic Intelligence Report

PLA--People’s Liberation Army

Plat--Platoon

POL--Petroleum, Oil, Lubricants

POR--Periodic Operation Report

POW--Prisoner of War

QMSubsistSupCo--Quartermaster Subsistence Supply Company (USA)

R4D--Douglas Twin-Engine Transport (Navy and Marine designation of C-47)

R5D--Douglas Four-Engine Transport

RCT--Regimental Combat Team

Recon--Reconnaissance

Reinf--Reinforced

RktBn--Rocket Battalion

RM--Royal Marines

ROK--Republic of Korea

R&O File--Records and Orders File

ROKA--Republic of Korea Army

ROKN--Republic of Korea Navy

Rpt--Report

SAC--Supporting Arms Coordinator

SAR--Special Action Report

Sec--Section

SecDef--Secretary of Defense

ServBn--Service Battalion

SigBn--Signal Battalion

SigRepCo--Signal Repair Company

SitRpt--Situation Report

SP--Shore Party

SMC--Marine Supply Squadron

TAC--Tactical Air Coordinator; Tactical Air Commander

TACP--Tactical Air Control Party

Tacron--Tactical Air Control Squadron

TADC--Tactical Air Direction Center

T-AP--Transport operated by MSTS

TBM--General Motors “Avenger” Single-Engine Torpedo Bomber. Also used for Utility Purposes.

TE--Task Element

T/E--Table of Equipment

Tel--Telephone Message

TF--Task Force

TG--Task Group

TkBn--Tank Battalion

Trk--Truck

T/O--Table of Organization

TU--Task Unit

UDT--Underwater Demolition Team

U/F--Unit of Fire

UN--United Nations

UNC--United Nations Command

URpt--Unit Report

USA--United States Army

USAR--United States Army Reserve

USAF--United States Air Force

USMC--United States Marine Corps

USMCR--United States Marine Corps Reserve

USN--United States Navy

USNR--United States Navy Reserve

VMF--Marine Fighter Squadron

VMF(N)--Marine All-Weather Fighter Squadron

VMO--Marine Observation Squadron

VMR--Marine Transport Squadron

WD--War Diary

WD Sum--War Diary Summary

WIA--Wounded in Action

APPENDIX B

Effective Strength of 1st Marine Division

Listed below are selected dates and figures which represent the effective strength of the 1st Marine Division throughout the period 1951–1952.

----------+-------+--------+--------+------- |Organic|Attached|Attached| Date | USMC | U.S. | KMC | Total |and USN| Army | | ----------+-------+--------+--------+------- 30 Mar 51 | 25,831| 236 | 3,128 | 29,195 | | | | 30 May 51 | 25,820| 302 | 3,266 | 29,388 | | | | 30 Sep 51 | 24,160| 54 | 3,035 | 27,249 | | | | 30 Mar 52 | 26,140| 59 | 4,378 | 30,577 ----------+-------+--------+--------+-------

APPENDIX C

Command and Staff List December 1950-March 1952 1st Marine Division

Commanding General MajGen Oliver P. Smith (to 23 Feb 1951) BrigGen Lewis B. Puller (from 24 Feb) MajGen Oliver P. Smith (from 5 Mar) MajGen Gerald C. Thomas (from 25 Apr) MajGen John T. Selden (from 11 Jan 1952) Asst Division Commander BrigGen Edward A. Craig (to 20 Jan 1951) MajGen Edward A. Craig (from 21 Jan) BrigGen Lewis B. Puller (from 2 Feb) BrigGen William J. Whaling (from 20 May) Chief of Staff Col Gregon A. Williams (to 22 Jan 1951) BrigGen Gregon A. Williams (from 23 Jan) Col Edward W. Snedeker (from 27 Jan) Col Francis M. McAlister (from 23 May) Col Richard G. Weede (from 10 Jun) Col Victor H. Krulak (from 29 Jun) Col Richard G. Weede (from 26 Nov) Col Custis Burton, Jr. (from 15 Feb 1952) Col Austin R. Brunelli (from 23 Mar) G-1 LtCol Bryghte D. Godbold (to 13 Feb 1951) Col Bryghte D. Godbold (from 14 Feb) Col Wesley M. Platt (from 31 May) Col Gould P. Groves (from 27 Sep) Col Walter N. Flournoy (from 20 Nov) G-2 Col Bankson T. Holcomb, Jr. (to 5 Feb 1951) LtCol Ellsworth G. Van Orman (from 6 Feb) LtCol Joseph P. Sayers (from 8 Mar) LtCol James H. Tinsley (from 13 Aug) G-3 Col Alpha L. Bowser, Jr., (to 7 May 1951) Col Richard G. Weede (from 8 May) Col Bruce T. Hemphill (from 30 Jul) LtCol Gordon D. Gayle (from 14 Nov) G-4 Col Francis M. McAlister (to 25 Jan 1951) LtCol Charles L. Banks (from 26 Jan) Col Charles L. Banks (from 14 Feb) Col Frank P. Hager (from 24 May) Col Custis Burton, Jr. (from 19 Nov) Col Robert A. McGill (from 9 Feb 1952)

_Special Staff_

Adjutant Maj Philip J. Costello (to 18 Feb 1951) LtCol Foster C. LaHue (from 19 Feb) LtCol Homer E. Hire (from 19 Jun) Maj James K. Young (from 15 Oct) Air Officer Maj James N. Cupp (to 20 Apr 1951) LtCol Edward V. Finn (from 21 Apr) Amphibian Tractor Officer LtCol Erwin F. Wann, Jr. (to 26 Sep 1951) LtCol Michiel Dobervich (from 27 Sep) Anti-Tank Officer Maj John H. Blue (to 27 Apr 1951) Maj William L. Bates (from 28 Apr) Maj Robert E. Baldwin (from 3 Sep) Maj Franklin J. Harte (from 9 Nov) Maj John P. Lanigan (from 31 Dec) Maj Harold C. Howard (from 2 Mar 1952) Armored Amphibian Officer LtCol Francis H. Cooper (to 15 Jun 1951) Maj George M. Warnke (from 16 Jun) LtCol John T. O’Neill (from 2 Oct) Artillery Officer LtCol Carl A. Youngdale (to 5 Mar 1951) Col Joseph L. Winecoff (from 6 Mar) LtCol Custis Burton, Jr. (from 5 Aug) LtCol George B. Thomas (from 8 Nov) LtCol Dale H. Heely (from 1 Jan 1952) Col Bruce T. Hemphill (from 11 Jan) Col Frederick P. Henderson (from 27 Mar) Chaplain Cmdr Robert M. Schwyhart, USN (to 17 Feb 1951) Cmdr Francis W. Kelly, USN (from 18 Feb) Cmdr Walter S. Peck, Jr., USN (from 8 Oct) Chemical Warfare and Radiological Defense Officer Maj John H. Blue (to 15 Jul 1951) Maj Robert E. Baldwin (from 3 Sep) Maj Luther H. Hake (from 21 Nov) Maj John P. Lanigan (from 31 Dec) Maj Harold C. Howard (from 29 Feb 1952) Dental Officer Capt Mack Meradith, USN (to 20 May 1951) Cmdr James L. Bradley, USN (from 21 May) Capt Francis C. Snyder, USN (from 15 Jul) Embarkation Officer Maj Jules M. Rouse (to 9 Mar 1951) LtCol Louis C. Griffin (from 10 Mar) LtCol Clifford E. Quilici (from 11 Aug) LtCol Corbin L. West (from 26 Oct) LtCol John H. Papurca (from 6 Dec) Engineer Officer LtCol John H. Partridge (to 10 Jun 1951) LtCol John V. Kelsey (from 11 Jun) LtCol August L. Vogt (from 19 Sep) Exchange Officer Capt Wilbur C. Conley (to 16 May 1951) 1stLt Frank C. Trumble (from 17 May) 1stLt George W. Krahn (from 29 Aug) Capt Robert W. Schmidt (from 26 Oct) Capt Robert J. McKay (from 6 Mar 1952) Capt Benjamin Reed (from 26 Mar) Food Director LtCol Norman R. Nickerson (to 6 May 1951) LtCol George G. Pafford (from 7 May) 1stLt Herbert E. McNabb (from 16 Aug) Historical Officer 1stLt John M. Patrick (to 26 Jun 1951) 1stLt Theodore L. Richardson (from 27 Jun) 2dLt Francis X. Goss (from 8 Jan 1952) Inspector Col John A. White (to 26 Apr 1951) Col Gould P. Groves (from 27 Apr) LtCol Charles W. Harrison (from 21 Jun) Col Russell N. Jordahl (from 30 Jun) LtCol Alfred H. Marks (from 1 Oct) Col William K. Davenport, Jr. (from 19 Nov) Legal Officer LtCol Albert H. Schierman (to 8 May 1951) LtCol Randolph S. D. Lockwood (from 9 May) Cmdr Geoffrey E. Carlisle, USN (from 28 Oct) LtCdr Arnold W. Eggen, USN (from 6 Mar 1952) Motor Transport Officer LtCol Henry W. Seeley, Jr. (to 26 Jun 1951) LtCol Howard E. Wertman (from 27 Jun) Maj Herbert E. Pierce (from 17 Aug) Maj Walter R. O’Quinn (from 3 Jan 1952) Naval Gunfire Officer LtCol Loren S. Fraser (to 12 Aug 1951) Maj Charles A. Lipot (from 13 Aug) Maj John V. Downes (from 23 Mar 1952) Ordnance Officer Capt Donald L. Shenaut (to 9 Jul 1951) Maj Frank W. Keith (from 10 Jul) Maj James M. Rogers (from 1 Nov) Maj Harold G. Borth (from 11 Jan 1952) Postal Officer Maj Frederick Bove (to 13 May 1951) 1stLt Robert P. Sanders (from 14 May) 1stLt Robert W. Blum (from 26 Jul) 1stLt Edward D. Geizer, Jr. (from 10 Aug) CWO George C. Hunter (from 9 Feb 1952) Provost Marshall Capt John H. Griffin (to 20 Apr 1951) Capt Donald D. Pomerleau (from 21 Apr) Maj Raymond L. Luckel (from 6 Aug) LtCol William F. Pulver (from 18 Oct) Public Information Officer Capt Michael C. Capraro (to 14 Apr 1951) 1stLt Jeremiah A. O’Leary, Jr. (from 15 Apr) 1stLt Robert S. Gray (from 27 Dec) Shore Party Officer LtCol Henry P. Crowe (to 10 May 1951) LtCol Horace S. Figuers (from 11 May) LtCol Harry W. Edwards (from 7 Jul) LtCol George G. Pafford (from 29 Sep) LtCol Franklin B. Nihart (from 20 Dec) LtCol Warren S. Sivertsen (from 9 Mar 1952) Signal Officer LtCol Robert L. Schreier (to 7 Jun 1951) LtCol Jino J. D’Alessandro (from 8 Jun) Special Services Officer LtCol John M. Bathum (to 10 Sep 1951) Maj Paul H. Bratten, Jr. (from 11 Sep) LtCol Franklin B. Nihart (from 28 Oct) 1stLt Joseph H. McDannold (from 20 Dec) Capt John W. Algeo (from 16 Feb 1952) LtCol John E. Gorman (from 9 Mar) Supply Officer Col Gordon E. Hendricks (to 29 Jun 1951) Col Chester R. Allen (from 30 Jun) Surgeon Capt Eugene R. Hering, USN (to 24 Jan 1951) Cmdr Howard A. Johnson, USN (from 25 Jan 1951) Capt Louis R. Kirkpatrick, USN (from 10 Jul 1951) Tank Officer LtCol Harry T. Milne (to 22 Apr 1951) LtCol Holly H. Evans (from 23 Apr) Maj Walter E. Reynolds (from 9 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Division Rear Echelon Headquarters Col Harvey S. Walseth (to 23 Jul 1951) Col Wilburt S. Brown (from 24 Jul to 19 Nov)

_Headquarters Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Marvin T. Starr (to 23 Apr 1951) LtCol William P. Alston (from 24 Apr) Col Gould P. Groves (from 11 May) LtCol Charles W. Harrison (from 29 Jun) LtCol Alfred H. Marks (from 29 Aug) Col William K. Davenport, Jr. (from 19 Nov) Maj Corbin L. West (from 15 Jan 1952) Col Robert T. Stivers (from 18 Feb) Executive Officer Maj Frederick Simpson (to 15 Aug 1951) Maj William O. Cain, Jr. (from 16 Aug) Maj Corbin L. West (from 10 Dec) Capt “J” E. Hancey (from 22 Jan 1952) Maj Corbin L. West (from 18 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Maj Frederick Simpson (to 15 Aug 1951) Maj William O. Cain, Jr. (from 16 Aug) Maj Corbin L. West (from 10 Dec) Capt “J” E. Hancey (from 21 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Military Police Company Capt John H. Griffin (to 20 Apr 1951) Capt Donald D. Pomerleau (from 21 Apr) Maj Raymond L. Luckel (from 19 Sep) LtCol William F. Pulver (from 18 October) Commanding Officer, Reconnaissance Company Maj Walter Gall (to 26 Mar 1951) Capt Robert L. Autry (from 27 Mar) Maj Ephraim Kirby-Smith (from 10 Sep)

_1st Marines_

Commanding Officer Col Lewis B. Puller (to 24 Jan 1951) Col Francis M. McAlister (from 25 Jan) Col Wilburt S. Brown (from 19 May) Col Thomas A. Wornham (from 18 Jul) Col Sidney S. Wade (from 13 Oct) Executive Officer LtCol Robert W. Rickert (to 7 Jan 1951) LtCol Alan Sutter (from 8 Jan) LtCol Robert W. Rickert (from 16 Jan) LtCol Alan Sutter (from 12 Feb) LtCol Donald M. Schmuck (from 31 May) LtCol John A. McAlister (from 3 Sep) LtCol Clifford F. Quilici (from 7 Jan 1952) S-1 Capt William G. Reeves (to 8 Jan 1951) Capt David M. Cox (from 9 Jan) Capt John S. Court (from 5 Sep) Maj Elizia M. Cable (from 21 Oct) Capt Thomas C. Palmer (from 12 Feb 1952) Capt Leroy V. Corbett (from 28 Feb) S-2 Capt Stone W. Quillian (to 10 May 1951) Capt Glenn F. Miller (from 11 May) Capt Robert G. Cadwallader (from 2 Oct) Capt Fred K. Cottrell (from 15 Dec) Capt Edwin H. Heim (from 4 Mar 1952) S-3 Maj Robert E. Lorigan (to 20 Jul 1951) Maj Ralph “C” Rosacker (from 21 Jul) Maj John P. Lanigan (from 4 Mar 1952) S-4 Maj Thomas T. Grady (to 27 Apr 1951) Capt Augustine B. Reynolds, Jr. (from 28 Apr) Maj Thomas A. Burns (from 5 Jul) Maj John L. Kelly (from 5 Oct) Maj Fletcher R. Wycoff (from 27 Dec) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Maj Robert K. McClelland (to 11 Mar 1951) Maj Carl E. Walker (from 12 Mar) Capt George E. Petro (from 11 May) 1stLt Roscoe L. Barrett, Jr. (from 15 Aug) 1stLt James L. Burnett (from 3 Oct) Capt James P. Egan (from 23 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Anti-Tank Company Capt George E. Petro (to 10 May 1951) 1stLt John A. Dudrey (from 11 May) 1stLt Magness W. Marshall (from 2 Oct) Capt Frederick A. Hale (from 27 Nov) Commanding Officer, 4.2 Inch Mortar Company Capt Frank J. Faureck (to 8 Feb 1951) 1stLt Edward E. Kauffer (from 9 Feb) Capt Otis R. Waldrop (from 5 Mar) Capt Edward E. Kauffer (from 4 Jun) 1stLt Robert W. Jorn (from 9 Aug) 1stLt Thomas J. Holt (from 2 Oct) Capt Robert G. Cadwallader (from 23 Dec) Capt George E. Lawrence (from 18 Mar 1952)

_1st Battalion, 1st Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Donald M. Schmuck (to 27 Feb 1951) LtCol Robley E. West (from 28 Feb) Maj Thomas T. Grady (from 15 Jun) LtCol Horace E. Knapp, Jr. (from 7 Jul) Maj Edgar F. Carney, Jr. (from 14 Sep) LtCol John E. Gorman (from 16 Sep) LtCol John H. Papurca (from 7 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Robley E. West (to 27 Feb 1951) Maj David W. Bridges (from 28 Feb) Maj Thomas T. Grady (from 10 Jun) Maj Wesley C. Noren (from 15 Jun) Maj Edgar F. Carney, Jr. (from 20 Jul) Maj Leo V. Gross (from 18 Dec) Maj Ralph “C” Rosacker (from 4 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt William B. Hopkins (to 30 Jan 1951) 1stLt Bruce E. Geisert (from 31 Jan) 1stLt Norman W. Hicks (from 1 Jul) 1stLt John B. Franklin (from 18 Aug) 1stLt Stuart P. Barr, Jr. (from 22 Oct) 1stLt Nicholas J. Sheppard (from 28 Nov) 1stLt Harry A. Spaight (from 26 Dec) Capt Edwin H. Heim (from 20 Feb 1952) 2ndLt Vinton L. Spencer (from 4 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company A Capt Robert H. Barrow (to 30 Jan 1951) Capt Thomas J. Bohannon (from 31 Jan) 1stLt Calvin R. Baker (from 1 Jul) Capt Edwin H. Heim (from 20 Oct) 1stLt Clifton M. Grubbs (from 20 Feb 1952) Capt Anthony Novak (from 17 Mar) 1stLt Morace M. Dritley (from 26 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Wesley C. Noren (to 12 Mar 1951) Capt John F. Coffey (from 13 Mar) 1stLt James H. Cowan, Jr. (from 8 Jun) 1stLt Robert G. Work (from 1 Aug) 1stLt Richard S. Kitchen (from 18 Aug) Capt Roy J. Wride (from 16 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt Robert P. Wray (to 9 May 1951) 1stLt William A. Craven (from 10 May) 1stLt William F. Koehnlein (from 12 Jun) Capt Michael D. Harvath (from 21 Jul) Capt George E. Lawrence (from 10 Oct) Capt Kenneth F. Swiger (from 7 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj William L. Bates (to 28 Feb 1951) 1stLt William F. Koehnlein (from 1 Mar) Capt Wesley C. Noren (from 13 Mar) Maj John F. Coffey (from 8 Jun) Capt Benjamin W. Muntz (from 5 Jul) Maj William O. Cain, Jr. (from 14 Jul) Maj John F. Morris (from 14 Aug) Maj Fletcher B. Wycoff (from 9 Sep) Capt James P. Egan (from 27 Dec) Capt George E. Lawrence (from 21 Feb 1952) 1stLt Joseph E. Lee (from 18 Mar) Maj Stanley N. McLeod (from 27 Mar)

_2d Battalion, 1st Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Allan Sutter (to 7 Jan 1951) Maj Clarence J. Mabry (from 8 Jan) LtCol Allan Sutter (from 15 Jan) Maj Clarence J. Mabry (from 13 Feb) LtCol Robert K. McClelland (from 15 Mar) Maj Clarence J. Mabry (from 5 Jun) LtCol Robert K. McClelland (from 20 Jun) LtCol Franklin B. Nihart (from 14 Aug) LtCol Clifford F. Quilici (from 28 Oct) LtCol Theil H. Fisher (from 3 Jan 1952) Executive Officer Maj Clarence J. Mabry (to 7 Jan 1951) Maj Whitman S. Bartley (from 8 Jan) Maj Clarence J. Mabry (from 15 Jan) Maj Whitman S. Bartley (from 13 Feb) Maj Clarence J. Mabry (from 15 Mar) Maj Jules M. Rouse (from 10 Jun) Maj John P. Lanigan (from 6 Aug) Maj Franklin J. Harte (from 26 Dec) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt Raymond DeWees, Jr. (to 9 Sep 1951) 2dLt Robert A. Arning (from 10 Sep) 1stLt George H. Benskin, Jr. (from 30 Oct) 1stLt Frank E. Guthrie (from 3 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company D Capt Welby W. Cronk (to 4 Mar 1951) 1stLt Theodore Culpepper (from 5 Mar) 1stLt Alexander L. Michaux, Jr. (from 19 Apr) 1stLt Jay “J” Thomas (from 11 Jun) 1stLt George H. Benskin, Jr. (from 9 Aug) 1stLt Robert E. Lundberg (from 15 Sep) 2dLt Arthur H. Woodruff (from 25 Sep) 1stLt Richard A. Bonifas (from 5 Oct) 1stLt George H. Benskin, Jr. (from 16 Oct) Capt Richard A. Bonifas (from 30 Oct) 1stLt Robert J. Lahr (from 3 Nov) Capt Robert N. Kreider (from 13 Nov) Capt John H. Lauck (from 26 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company E Capt Jack A. Smith (to 9 Mar 1951) 1stLt Johnny L. Carter (from 10 Mar) 1stLt Donald L. Evans, Jr. (from 9 Aug) Capt Ralph V. Harper (from 14 Aug) 1stLt Robert J. Lahr (from 14 Sep) 2dLt William K. Rockey (from 25 Sep) 1stLt Kenneth E. Will (from 5 Oct) Capt James H. Reeder (from 16 Oct) Capt Charles J. Irwin, Jr. (from 21 Feb 1952) Capt Jack H. Hagler (from 17 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company F Capt Goodwin C. Groff (to 9 Jun 1951) 1stLt Patrick McGrotty (from 10 Jun) Capt Frederick A. Hale, Jr. (from 4 Sep) Capt Neville G. Hall, Jr. (from 21 Nov) 1stLt John A. Barry (from 29 Dec) 1stLt Robert J. Lahr (from 11 Mar 1952) Capt Victor A. Kleber, Jr. (from 18 Mar) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Capt William A. Kerr (to 28 Feb 1951) 1stLt Russell A. Davidson (from 1 Mar) Maj Carl E. Walker (from 12 May) Capt Russell A. Davidson (from 2 Jul) Maj John I. Kelly (from 22 Jul) Maj William S. Witt (from 5 Oct) Capt John W. Algeo (from 20 Nov) Maj William S. Witt (from 20 Jan 1952) Capt John W. Algeo (from 3 Feb) 1stLt Clarence G. Moody, Jr. (from 17 Feb) Capt Charles J. Irwin, Jr. (from 18 Mar)

_3d Battalion, 1st Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Thomas L. Ridge (to 15 Feb 1951) LtCol Virgil W. Banning (from 16 Feb) Maj Joseph D. Trompeter (from 25 Apr) Maj Edwin H. Simmons (from 8 May) LtCol Homer E. Hire (from 15 May) LtCol Foster C. LaHue (from 19 Jul) LtCol Spencer H. Pratt (from 13 Nov) Executive Officer Maj Reginald R. Myers (to 25 Apr) Maj Edwin H. Simmons (from 26 Apr) Maj Joseph D. Trompeter (from 15 May) Maj Ralph “C” Rosacker (from 7 Jun) Maj Rodney V. Reighard (from 22 July) Maj Thell H. Fisher (from 3 Oct) Maj Robert V. Perkins (from 4 Jan 52) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt Roy N. Courington (to 16 Feb 1951) 1stLt Edgar A. Crum (from 17 Feb) 1stLt Daniel R. Evans (from 3 Mar) Capt Clarence E. Corley, Jr. (from 20 Mar) 1stLt Thomas J. Holt (from 9 Aug) Capt Earle E. Carr (from 1 Sep) 2dLt Joseph D. Reed (from 3 Oct) 2dLt Robert C. Morton (from 4 Jan 1952) Capt Harold R. Connolly (from 22 Feb) Capt Donald C. Mack (from 15 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company G Capt Carl L. Sitter (to 13 Feb 1951) 1stLt Horace L. Johnson (from 14 Feb) 1stLt Thomas J. Holt (from 26 May) 1stLt Fred G. Redmon (from 1 Jun) Capt Varge G. Frisbie (from 5 Jun) 1stLt Harold R. Connolly (from 20 Jul) Capt Fred A. Kraus (from 8 Nov) 1stLt Richard A. Krajnyak (from 19 Feb 1952) Capt Wilford L. Stone (from 17 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company H Capt Clarence E. Corley, Jr. (to 19 Mar 1951) 1stLt William J. Allert (from 20 Mar) 1stLt Daniel R. Evans (from 8 May) 1stLt James L. Burnett (from 8 Jun) 1stLt Herbert M. Anderson (from 15 Jun) 1stLt James L. Burnett (from 21 Sep) Capt Earle E. Carr (from 3 Oct) Capt James B. Ord, Jr. (from 17 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company I 1stLt Joseph R. Fisher (to 7 Apr 1951) 1stLt William Swanson (from 8 Apr) Capt Stone W. Quillian (from 15 May) 1stLt Norbert D. Carlson (from 5 Aug) Capt Leroy V. Corbett (from 7 Sep) Capt Donald C. Mack (from 19 Jan 1952) Capt Richard B. Smith (from 22 Feb) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj Edwin H. Simmons (to 25 Apr 1951) 1stLt James F. Williams (from 26 Apr) Capt Otis R. Waldrop (from 6 Jun) Maj Henry Brzezinski (from 19 Jun) Capt Varge G. Frisbie (from 6 Aug) Maj Thell H. Fisher (from 31 Aug) 1stLt Thomas C. Holleman (from 2 Oct) Maj Robert V. Perkins (from 15 Nov) Capt Earle E. Carr (from 4 Jan 1952) 1stLt Hugh P. Murphy (from 25 Jan)

_5th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Raymond L. Murray (to 23 Jan 1951) Col Raymond L. Murray (from 24 Jan) Col Richard W. Hayward (from 14 Mar) Col Richard G. Weede (from 7 Aug) Col Frank P. Hager, Jr. (from 19 Nov) Col Thomas A. Culhane, Jr. (from 23 Feb 1952) Executive Officer LtCol Joseph L. Stewart (to 13 Feb 1951) LtCol John W. Stevens, II (from 14 Feb) LtCol Joseph L. Stewart (from 14 Mar) LtCol Donald R. Kennedy (from 4 Apr) LtCol Francis H. Cooper (from 17 Jun) LtCol Virgil W. Banning (from 22 Sep) LtCol John T. Rooney (from 13 Dec) LtCol John A. Saxten (from 19 Mar 1952) S-1 Capt Alton C. Weed (to 1 Mar 1951) Capt Jack E. Hawthorn (from 2 Mar) Capt George A. Rheman, Jr. (from 17 Mar) Capt Harley L. Grant (from 25 Aug) S-2 1stLt Richard M. Woodard (to 3 Feb 1951) Capt Eugene F. Langan (from 4 Feb) Maj Nicholas G. W. Thorne (from 9 Aug) Maj Paul H. Bratten, Jr. (from 17 Nov) Maj John C. Lundrigan (from 31 Jan 1952) S-3 Maj Lawrence W. Smith, Jr. (to 8 Mar 1951) Maj Robert E. Baldwin (from 9 Mar) LtCol Glen E. Martin (from 24 Jun) Maj Merwin H. Silverthorn, Jr. (from 11 Jul) Maj Gerald P. Averill (from 10 Oct) Maj David A. Brewster, Sr. (from 15 Dec) S-4 Maj Harold Wallace (to 9 Mar 1951) Maj William E. Baugh (from 10 Mar) Maj Robert S. Hudson (from 11 Aug) Maj Warren F. Lloyd (from 22 Dec) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt Jack E. Hanthorn (to 1 Mar 1951) 1stLt Richard M. Woodard (from 2 Mar) 1stLt Lee J. Cary (from 22 Jun) Capt Howard H. Dismeier (from 12 Sep) 1stLt George “T” Capatanos (from 1 Dec) Commanding Officer, Antitank Company 1stLt Almarion S. Bailey (to 8 Apr 1951) 1stLt Jo M. Van Meter (from 9 Apr) 1stLt William E. Kerrigan (from 23 Jul) Capt Edgar F. Moore, Jr. (from 15 Aug) Commanding Officer, 4.2 Inch Mortar Company 1stLt Robert M. Lucy (to 25 Feb 1951) 1stLt Robert H. Uskurait (from 26 Feb) 1stLt John A. Buchanan (from 11 Sep) Capt Yale B. Davis (from 29 Dec)

_1st Battalion, 5th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol John W. Stevens, II (to 20 Feb 1951) LtCol John W. Hopkins (from 21 Feb) LtCol William P. Alston (from 21 Jun) Maj Kirt W. Norton (from 9 Nov) Maj Lowell T. Keagy (from 25 Nov) LtCol Kirt W. Norton (from 2 Dec) LtCol Louis N. King (from 13 Jan 1952) LtCol Franklin B. Nihart (from 12 Feb) Executive Officer Maj Merlin R. Olson (to 8 Apr 1951) Maj Donald J. Kendall, Jr. (from 9 Apr) Maj Kirt W. Norton (from 9 Aug) Maj Robert L. Autry (from 9 Nov) Maj Lowell T. Keagy (from 2 Dec) Maj Hildeburn R. Martin (from 31 Dec) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt George A. Rheman, Jr. (to 11 Mar 1951) 2dLt Robert H. Corbet (from 12 Mar) 1stLt Andrew V. Marusak (from 29 Mar) 1stLt Frank J. Meers (from 12 Jul) 2dLt Vincent B. Murphy, Jr. (from 3 Oct) 1stLt Parks H. Simpson (from 25 Oct) 1stLt Thomas J. Hermes (from 13 Nov) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Capt Almond H. Sollom (to 5 Mar 1951) 1stLt Poul F. Pedersen (from 6 Mar) Capt Donald D. Pomerleau (from 6 Apr) Maj Albert Hartman (from 13 Apr) Capt Raymond H. Spuhler (from 8 May) 1stLt Frank J. Meers (from 4 Jun) Capt Lucian F. May (from 12 Jul) Maj David A. Brewster, Sr. (from 1 Sep) Capt Harry A. Mathew (from 9 Nov) Capt Nicholas G. W. Thorne (from 17 Nov) Maj Lowell T. Keagy (from 31 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company A 1stLt Loren R. Smith (to 16 Feb 1951) Capt Walter E. G. Godenius (from 17 Feb) Capt John L. Kelly (from 9 Apr) Capt Richard M. Woodard (from 1 Jul) Capt Eugene F. Langan (from 12 Aug) Capt Frederick B. Clunie (from 5 Nov) 1stLt Merrill Waide, Jr. (from 24 Jan 1952) 1stLt Ernest S. Lee (from 18 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company B 1stLt John R. Hancock (to 7 Feb 1951) 1stLt Michael V. Palatas (from 8 Feb) 1stLt James T. Cronin (from 17 Feb) 1stLt William E. Kerrigan (from 8 Jun) 1stLt Stuart H. Wright (from 30 Jun) 1stLt John A. Hayes (from 12 Jul) Capt Louis R. Daze (from 21 Jul) Capt Charles M. MacDonald, Jr. (from 21 Nov) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt Jack R. Jones (to 8 May 1951) 1stLt Richard J. Schening (from 9 May) 1stLt Robert E. Warner (from 29 May) Capt Lucian F. May (from 4 Sep) Capt Harry A. Mathew (from 22 Jan 1952)

_2d Battalion, 5th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Harold S. Roise (to 19 Feb 1951) LtCol Glen E. Martin (from 20 Feb) Maj Merwin H. Silverthorn, Jr. (from 24 Jun) LtCol Houston Stiff (from 8 Jul) Maj William E. Baugh (from 3 Dec) LtCol George G. Pafford (from 27 Dec) LtCol William P. Cushing (from 14 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj John L. Hopkins (to 20 Feb 1951) Maj Theodore F. Spiker (from 21 Feb) Maj Merwin H. Silverthorn, Jr. (from 9 Apr) Maj Robert E. Baldwin (from 25 Jun) Maj Gerald P. Averill (from 3 Sep) Maj Robert W. Rynerson (from 9 Sep) Maj Warren F. Lloyd (from 26 Sep) Maj William L. Sims (from 9 Dec) Maj Robert S. Hudson (from 27 Dec) Maj William P. Cushing (from 21 Feb 1952) Maj Robert S. Hudson (from 14 Mar) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt Franklin B. Mayer (to 9 Jan 1951) 1stLt Charles “H” Dalton (from 10 Jan) Capt William O. Cain, Jr. (from 21 Feb) 1stLt John R. Hinds (from 2 Jul) 1stLt Richard T. Hauar (from 12 Jul) 1stLt Harold L. Michael (from 8 Aug) 1stLt Dexter H. Kimball (from 25 Sep) 1stLt Otis “Z” McConnell, Jr. (from 23 Dec) 1stLt Emmett T. Hill, Jr. (from 15 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company D Capt Samuel S. Smith (to 11 Jun 1951) 1stLt John P. Cooney (from 12 Jun) Capt Ray N. Joens (from 28 Jun) Capt Victor Sawina (from 26 Sep) 1stLt Tom G. Fagles (from 7 Oct) Capt Philip A. Davis (from 23 Dec) 1stLt Emmitt T. Hill (from 13 Feb 1952) Capt William A. Harper (from 25 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company E 1stLt James F. Roberts (to 9 Jan 1951) Capt Franklin B. Mayer (from 10 Jan) Capt William E. Melby (from 9 Apr) 1stLt Bernard W. Christofferson (from 20 Apr) 1stLt Warren H. Allen (from 12 Jun) Capt William E. Melby (from 18 Jun) 1stLt Warren H. Allen (from 9 Jul) Capt William L. Wallace (from 3 Aug) Capt Warren H. Allen (from 3 Oct) 1stLt Jo M. Van Meter (from 18 Oct) Capt Charles C. Matthews (from 4 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company F 1stLt Charles “H” Dalton (to 8 Jan 1951) 1stLt George Janiszewski (from 9 Jan) Capt William O. Cain, Jr. (from 20 Jan) 1stLt George Janiszewski (from 20 Feb) 1stLt James H. Honeycutt, Jr. (from 9 Apr) 1stLt Harold L. Michael (from 23 Jul) Capt William E. Melby (from 11 Aug) Capt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 4 Nov) Capt Harold C. Fuson (from 14 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj Glen E. Martin (to 19 Feb 1951) Capt John Stepanovich (from 20 Feb) Capt Elliot B. Lima (from 6 Apr) 1stLt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 17 Aug) Maj Warren F. Lloyd (from 15 Sep) Capt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 25 Sep) Maj William L. Sims (from 4 Nov) Capt William A. Harper (from 23 Dec) Capt Harold C. Fuson (from 25 Feb 1952) Capt Russell L. Silverthorn (from 16 Mar)

_3d Battalion, 5th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Robert D. Taplett (to 13 Feb 1951) LtCol Joseph L. Stewart (from 14 Feb) LtCol Donald R. Kennedy (from 14 Mar) Maj Morse “L” Holladay (from 4 Apr) LtCol Donald R. Kennedy (from 16 Jun) Maj William E. Baugh (from 23 Sep) LtCol Bernard W. McLean (from 13 Oct) LtCol William S. McLaughlin (from 25 Feb 1952) Capt Philip A. Davis (from 23 Dec) 1stLt Emmitt T. Hill (from 13 Feb 1952) Capt William A. Harper (from 25 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company E 1stLt James F. Roberts (to 9 Jan 1951) Capt Franklin B. Mayer (from 10 Jan) Capt William E. Melby (from 9 Apr) 1stLt Bernard W. Christofferson (from 20 Apr) 1stLt Warren H. Allen (from 12 Jun) Capt William E. Melby (from 18 Jun) 1stLt Warren H. Allen (from 9 Jul) Capt William L. Wallace (from 3 Aug) Capt Warren H. Allen (from 3 Oct) 1stLt Jo M. Van Meter (from 18 Oct) Capt Charles C. Matthews (from 4 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company F 1stLt Charles “H” Dalton (to 8 Jan 1951) 1stLt George Janiszewski (from 9 Jan) Capt William O. Cain, Jr. (from 20 Jan) 1stLt George Janiszewski (from 20 Feb) 1stLt James H. Honeycutt, Jr. (from 9 Apr) 1stLt Harold L. Michael (from 23 Jul) Capt William E. Melby (from 11 Aug) Capt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 4 Nov) Capt Harold C. Fuson (from 14 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj Glen E. Martin (to 19 Feb 1951) Capt John Stepanovich (from 20 Feb) Capt Elliot B. Lima (from 6 Apr) 1stLt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 17 Aug) Maj Warren F. Lloyd (from 15 Sep) Capt Arvil B. Hendrickson (from 25 Sep) Maj William L. Sims (from 4 Nov) Capt William A. Harper (from 23 Dec) Capt Harold C. Fuson (from 25 Feb 1952) Capt Russell L. Silverthorn (from 16 Mar)

_3d Battalion, 5th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Robert D. Taplett (to 13 Feb 1951) LtCol Joseph L. Stewart (from 14 Feb) LtCol Donald R. Kennedy (from 14 Mar) Maj Morse “L” Holladay (from 4 Apr) LtCol Donald R. Kennedy (from 16 Jun) Maj William E. Baugh (from 23 Sep) LtCol Bernard W. McLean (from 13 Oct) LtCol William S. McLaughlin (from 25 Feb 1952)

_7th Marines_

Commanding Officer Col Homer L. Litzenberg (to 15 Apr 1951) Col Herman Nickerson, Jr. (from 16 Apr) LtCol John J. Wermuth (from 20 Sep) Col John J. Wermuth (from 13 Dec) Col Russell E. Honsowetz (from 11 Mar 1952) Executive Officer LtCol Raymond G. Davis (to 3 Jun 1951) LtCol Woodrow M. Kessler (from 4 Jun) LtCol John J. Wermuth (from 30 Jun) LtCol Gordon D. Gayle (from 20 Sep) LtCol James G. Kelly (from 3 Nov) LtCol Noel C. Gregory (from 2 Dec) LtCol John D. Wiggins (from 23 Feb 1952) S-1 Capt John R. Grove (to 15 Apr 1951) Capt Hugh E. McNeely (from 16 Apr) Maj Robert R. Sedgwick (from 5 Sep) Capt William K. Dormady (from 5 Jan 1952) S-2 Capt John D. Bradbeer (to 4 Jul 1951) Capt Walter E. Lange (from 5 Jul) Capt Clifford E. McCollam (from 29 Jul) Maj Henry V. Joslin (from 25 Aug) 1stLt George W. Barnes (from 8 Nov) Capt Donald E. Euchert (from 19 Dec) Capt Harry E. Leland, Jr. (from 17 Mar 1952) S-3 Maj Henry J. Woessner, II (to 8 Jan 1951) Maj Joseph L. Abel (from 9 Jun) Maj George Codrea (from 22 Sep) S-4 Maj Maurice E. Roach (to 8 Jan 1951) Maj William E. Voorhies (from 9 Jan) Maj John D. Bradbeer (from 5 Jul) Maj Franklin C. Bacon (from 5 Oct) Maj Robert B. Prescott (from 3 Jan 1952) Maj James K. Linnan (from 19 Jan) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company 2dLt Arthur R. Mooney (to 17 Feb 1951) 1stLt Harrol Kiser (from 18 Feb) 1stLt John C. Beauparlant (from 6 Mar) 1stLt Welton R. Abell (from 14 Mar) Capt James J. Bott (from 19 Mar) Capt Thomas A. Robesky (from 9 May) Capt Walter R. Anderson (from 18 Jun) Capt Hugh E. McNeely (from 5 Sep) Capt Donald S. McClellan (from 20 Sep) Capt David A. McKay (from 28 Nov) Capt Robert C. Hendrickson (from 17 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Antitank Company 1stLt Earl R. DeLong (to 5 May 1951) 1stLt Raymond J. Eldridge (from 6 Mar) Capt Thomas Santamaria (from 19 Apr) 1stLt Francis W. Tief (from 13 May) 1stLt William F. Dyroff (from 10 Aug) Commanding Officer, 4.2 Inch Mortar Company Maj Rodney V. Reighard (to 1 Jul 1951) 1stLt Samuel E. Piercy (from 2 Jul) Capt Alvin F. Mackin (from 24 Sep) Capt Dean F. Johnson (from 28 Nov) Capt John F. McMahon, Jr. (from 28 Dec)

_1st Battalion, 7th Marines_

Commanding Officer Maj Webb D. Sawyer (to 25 Apr 1951) LtCol John T. Rooney (from 26 Apr) LtCol James G. Kelly (from 23 Aug) Maj Harold C. Howard (from 8 Nov) LtCol George W. E. Daughtry (from 28 Feb 1952) Executive Officer Maj Raymond V. Fridrich (to 20 Feb 1951) Maj Thomas B. Tighe (from 21 Feb) Maj Raymond V. Fridrich (from 24 Mar) Maj Thomas B. Tighe (from 26 May) Maj Robert J. Poison (from 5 Jul) Maj George Codrea (from 4 Aug) Maj Harold C. Howard (from 15 Sep) Maj Henry V. Joslin (from 8 Nov) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company 1stLt Wilbert R. Gaul (to 19 Jan 1951) Capt John C. Johnson (from 20 Jan) Capt Nathan R. Smith (from 18 Mar) 1stLt Eugenous M. Hovatter (from 28 Mar) Capt Donald F. J. Field (from 11 May) Capt Wilburt R. Gaul (from 7 Jun) 1stLt Robert C. Taylor (from 9 Aug) Capt Orville E. Brauss (from 24 Nov) 1stLt Guy R. Cassell (from 14 Dec) 1stLt Edward L. Nadeau (from 1 Jan 1952) Capt Seneker Woll (from 18 Jan) 2dLt Henry D. Bruns (from 10 Feb) 2dLt Lawrence P. Flynn (from 9 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company A 1stLt Eugenous M. Hovatter (to 27 Mar 1951) Capt Nathan R. Smith (from 28 Mar) 1stLt Van D. Bell (from 3 Jun) Capt Everett Hampton (from 2 Sep) 2dLt Carl F. Ullrich (from 2 Jan 1952) Capt Earl W. Thompson (from 27 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt James J. Bott (to 5 Mar 1951) Capt John C. Johnston (from 6 Mar) 1stLt Orville W. Brauss (from 22 Jul) 1stLt Dean F. Johnson (from 23 Aug) 1stLt James W. Sweeney (from 14 Sep) Capt Henry A. Glockner (from 29 Sep) 1stLt Donald L. Smith (from 14 Dec) 1stLt “J” Alan Myers (from 1 Jan 1952) 1stLt Donald M. Russ (from 14 Feb) Capt Lyle S. Whitmore, Jr. (from 28 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt John F. Morris (to 17 Jan 1951) Capt Eugene H. Haffey (from 18 Jan) Capt Daniel F. J. Field (from 8 Jun) 1stLt Donald E. Euckert (from 23 Jul) Capt John F. McMahon (from 10 Aug) Capt Robert W. Hughes, Jr. (from 21 Nov) Capt Seneker Woll (from 7 Jan 1952) Capt Robert W. Hughes, Jr. (from 18 Jan) Capt Roger L. Johnson (from 3 Mar) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj William E. Voorhies (to 5 Jan 1951) Capt Robert J. Poison (from 6 Jan) Maj Joseph L. Abel (from 12 Jan) Maj Robert J. Poison (from 15 May) Capt Alonzo C. Thorson (from 5 Jul) Capt John C. Johnston (from 5 Aug) Capt Dean F. Johnson (from 5 Nov) Capt John R. McMahon (from 22 Nov) 1stLt Guy R. Cassell (from 31 Dec) Capt Robert W. Hughes, Jr. (from 4 Jan 1952) 1stLt Frank P. Shannon (from 18 Jan) 1stLt Carlton R. Appleby (from 16 Feb)

_2d Battalion, 7th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Robert L. Bayer (to 15 Feb 1951) Maj James I. Glendinning (from 16 Feb) LtCol Wilbur F. Meyerhoff (from 21 Mar) LtCol Louis C. Griffin (from 21 Jul) LtCol Noel C. Gregory (from 11 Nov) Maj Edward G. Kurdziel (from 1 Dec) LtCol Noel C. Gregory (from 27 Feb 1952) Executive Officer Maj James F. Lawrence, Jr. (to 2 Jan 1951) Maj James I. Glendinning, Jr. (from 3 Jan) Maj James F. Lawrence, Jr. (from 20 May) Maj Edward G. Kurdziel (from 4 Jul) Maj Edwin Madsen (from 2 Dec) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company 1stLt Kent D. Thorup (to 19 Jan 1951) Capt Jerome D. Gordon (from 20 Jan) 1stLt Kent D. Thorup (from 6 Feb) Capt Thomas “A” Robesky (from 15 Mar) 1stLt Joseph R. Walsh (from 8 May) 1stLt George G. Flood (from 8 Jun) 1stLt John J. Robinson, Jr. (from 1 Sep) Capt Charles P. Logan, Jr. (from 5 Nov) 1stLt Donald D. MacLachlan (from 16 Dec) 1stLt Edward R. Hannon (from 27 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Company D 1stLt James D. Hammond, Jr. (to 1 Jan 1951) Capt Patsy Algieri (from 2 Jan) Capt Jerome D. Gordon (from 8 Feb) Capt Alvin F. Mackin (from 7 Apr) 1stLt Thomas W. Burke (from 21 Jul) Capt John H. Chafee (from 15 Sep) Capt Charles P. Logan, Jr. (from 15 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company E 1stLt David H. Vanderwart (to 21 Jan 1951) 1stLt Robert T. Bey (from 22 Jan) Capt Walter R. Anderson, Jr. (from 8 Feb) Capt Merlin T. Matthews (from 17 Feb) 1stLt Robert W. Schmidt (from 14 Jun) 1stLt Charles P. Logan, Jr. (from 18 Sep) Capt Embree W. Maxson (from 5 Oct) Capt Donald McGuire (from 21 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company F 1stLt Ronald J. Rice (to 1 Mar 1951) 1stLt Ross R. Minor (from 2 Mar) Capt Raymond N. Bowman (from 6 Mar) 1stLt Ross R. Minor (from 1 May) Capt Donald S. McClellan (from 23 Jun) 1stLt Don G. Phelan (from 24 Aug) Capt Harry E. Leland, Jr. (from 14 Oct) 1stLt Rex C. Wells (from 17 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj Joseph L. Abel (to 7 Jan 1951) Maj James P. Metzler (from 8 Jan) Capt John R. Grove (from 19 Apr) Capt Harry L. Givens (from 20 May) Capt Alvin F. Mackin (from 8 Aug) Capt David A. McKay (from 24 Sep) Capt Waiter Oberg (from 26 Nov) 1stLt Elmer R. Phillips (from 17 Feb 1952) Maj Dennis D. Nicholson (from 16 Mar) Capt Owen G. Jackson, Jr. (from 30 Mar)

_3d Battalion, 7th Marines_

Commanding Officer Maj Maurice E. Roach, Jr. (to 13 Jan 1951) LtCol Wilbur F. Meyerhoff (from 14 Jan) Maj Maurice E. Roach, Jr. (from 16 Feb) LtCol Bernard T, Kelly (from 8 May) LtCol Harry W. Edwards (from 4 Oct) LtCol Houston Stiff (from 12 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Warren Morris (to 8 Jan 1951) Maj Maurice E. Roach, Jr. (from 9 Jan) Maj Warren Morris (from 16 Feb) Maj James J. Bott (from 4 Jul) Capt Howard L. Mabie (from 4 Aug) Maj Robert B. Prescott (from 6 Aug) Maj Franklin G. Bacon (from 3 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company 1stLt Samuel B. Abston (to 7 Jan 1951) Capt John DeCloud (from 8 Jan) 1stLt Samuel D. Miller (from 5 Mar) 1stLt Frank N. Winfrey (from 15 May) 1stLt Robert H. Starek (from 25 May) 1stLt William R. Bennett (from 21 Jul) 1stLt Dennis E. Youngblood (from 6 Oct) 1stLt Raymond B. McGill (from 28 Nov) Capt Clayton A. Lodoen (from 2 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company G 1stLt George R. Earnest (to 31 Dec 1950) Capt Walter E. Lange (from 1 Jan 1951) 1stLt George R. Earnest (from 11 Mar) 1stLt Frank N. Winfrey (from 22 Mar) Capt William C. Airheart (from 28 Mar) 1stLt Edward J. Sullivan (from 22 Jul) Capt Robert C. Hendrickson (from 12 Aug) Capt Thomas D. Smith, Jr. (from 14 Dec) 1stLt Harry H. Saltzman (from 11 Feb 1952) Capt Thomas P. O’Callaghan (from 23 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company H 1stLt William C. Airheart (to 19 Jan 1951) Capt James A. Hoey, Jr. (from 20 Jan) Capt Reed T. King (from 5 Jun) 1stLt Dwight A. Young (from 4 Aug) Capt Clayton A. Lodoen (from 9 Nov) 1stLt William B. Stengle (from 22 Feb 1952) Capt William B. Cosgrove (from 17 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company I Capt Howard L. Mabie (to 15 Feb 1951) 1stLt Alfred I. Thomas (from 16 Feb) 1stLt Victor Stoyanow (from 29 Mar) 1stLt Frank N. Winfrey (from 5 Jun) 1stLt Thomas N. Preston (from 20 Jun) 1stLt Richard L. Shell (from 23 Jul) Maj Hildeburn R. Martin (from 5 Sep) Capt Clifford G. Moore (from 14 Sep) 1stLt Charles H. Hammett (from 27 Dec) 1stLt Hubert McEntyre (from 2 Mar 1952) Capt Gifford S. Horton (from 9 Mar) Commanding Officer, Weapons Company Maj Jefferson D. Smith, Jr. (to 16 Feb 1951) Capt Howard L. Mabie (from 17 Feb) 1stLt Frederick Van Brunt (from 8 Apr) Capt Howard L. Mabie (from 19 Apr) Maj James J. Bott (from 4 Jun) 1stLt Alfred I. Thomas (from 4 Jul) Capt Claudie “M” Hollingsworth (from 8 Jul) Capt William C. Airheart (from 12 Aug) Capt Theodore E. Metzger (from 4 Nov) Capt Thomas P. O’Callaghan (from 27 Dec) 1stLt Louis A. Mann (from 22 Feb 1952)

_11th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Carl A. Youngdale (to 5 Mar 1951) Col Joseph L. Winecoff (from 6 Mar) Col Custis Burton, Jr. (from 5 Aug) Col Bruce T. Hemphill (from 17 Nov) Col Frederick P. Henderson (from 27 Mar 1952) Executive Officer LtCol Douglas A. Reeve (to 5 Mar 1951) LtCol Carl A. Youngdale (from 6 Mar) LtCol Douglas A. Reeve (from 7 May) LtCol Merritt Adelman (from 13 Jun) LtCol Albert H. Potter (from 15 Aug) LtCol Lewis A. Jones (from 23 Nov) S-1 Maj Floyd M. McCorkle (to 10 Jun 1951) Capt Arthur L. Jackson (from 11 Jun) 1stLt Jessie R. Collins (from 2 Oct) S-2 Capt William T. Phillips (to 26 Aug 1951) Capt Vernon K. Ausherman (from 27 Aug) Capt Phillip A. Schloss, Jr. (from 17 Dec) Capt Marshall R. Hunter, Jr. (from 20 Feb 1952) S-3 LtCol James O. Appleyard (to 19 Jul 1951) LtCol William H. Gilliam (from 20 Jul) LtCol William F. Pala (from 18 Nov) S-4 Maj Donald V. Anderson (to 5 Feb 1951) Maj Thomas M. Coggins (from 6 Feb) Maj Benjamin W. Muntz (from 23 Jul) Capt Robert B. Carney (from 14 Sep) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battery Capt Clarence E. Hixon (to 7 Apr 1951) 1stLt Thomas C. Thompson (from 8 Apr) Capt Richard L. McDaniel (from 22 Aug) Maj Claudie “M” Hollingsworth (from 24 Sep) 2dLt Chester E. Reese (from 17 Nov) 1stLt Samuel S. Rockwood (from 9 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Service Battery Maj Thomas M. Coggins (to 5 Feb 1951) 1stLt Fred Rea (from 6 Feb) 1stLt John F. Gresham (from 21 May) 2dLt Chester E. Reese (from 7 Nov) Capt Warren G. Hopkins (from 17 Nov) Capt William B. Tom (from 16 Dec) Commanding Officer, Battery C, 1st 4.5 Inch Rocket Battalion 1stLt Eugene A. Busche (to 11 Jul 1951) 1stLt Edward A. Bailey (from 12 Jul) 1stLt Stephen R. Mihalic (from 2 Nov) 1stLt Edward J. Pierson (from 30 Mar 1952)

_1st Battalion, 11th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Harvey A. Feehan (to 30 Mar 1951) Maj Thomas F. Cave, Jr. (from 31 Mar) Maj Gordon R. Worthington (from 8 Aug) LtCol Sherman W. Parry (from 13 Sep) LtCol James R. Haynes (from 30 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Thomas F. Cave (to 30 Mar 1951) Maj Gordon R. Worthington (from 31 Mar) Maj George J. Kovich, Jr. (from 8 Aug) Maj Harold E. Nelson (from 17 Sep) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battery Capt Haskell C. Baker (to 2 Jan 1951) Capt Arnold C. Hofstetter (from 3 Jan) Capt Alonzo C. Thorson (from 3 May) Capt John McCaffrey (from 2 Jul) Capt Rodman E. Street (from 17 Oct) 1stLt Charles D. Branson (from 26 Dec) 1stLt Harley “B” Riley (from 1 Feb 1952) 1stLt Joseph P. McDermott, Jr. (from 26 Mar) Commanding Officer, Service Battery Capt Arnold C. Hofstetter (to 1 Jan 1951) 1stLt Kenneth H. Quelch (from 2 Jan) Capt Philip D. Higby (from 1 Mar) Capt Mont G. Kenney (from 9 Jul) Capt Mansfield L. Clinnick (from 9 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Battery A Capt James D. Jordan (to 1 Apr 1951) Capt Mont G. Kenney (from 2 Apr) Capt Philip D. Higby (from 10 Jul) Capt Joseph A. Goeke (from 22 Jul) 1stLt Richard J. Randolph, Jr. (from 11 Sep) 1stLt Robert O. Martin, Jr. (from 3 Oct) Capt Duane W. Skow (from 9 Nov) Capt Rodman E. Street (from 24 Dec) Commanding Officer, Battery B Capt Gilbert N. Powell (to 12 Jun 1951) Capt Charles D. Corpening (from 13 Jun) Capt Leslie C. Procter, Jr. (from 27 Aug) 1stLt Donald T. Clark (from 13 Dec) 1stLt Jefferson S. Smith (from 1 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Battery C Capt William J. Nichols, Jr. (to 14 Feb 1951) Capt Haskell C. Baker (from 15 Feb) Capt Glenn L. Tole (from 14 Jul) Capt Mansfield L. Clinnick (from 12 Sep) 1stLt Harold H. Ramsour (from 5 Jan 1952) Capt James C. Gasser (from 26 Mar 1952)

_2d Battalion, 11th Marines_

Commanding Officer Maj Francis R. Schlesinger (to 4 Mar 1951) Maj Jack C. Newell (from 5 Mar) LtCol Merritt Adelman (from 14 Mar) LtCol Dale H. Heely (from 13 Jun) LtCol George B. Thomas (from 1 Jan 1952) Executive Officer Maj Neal C. Newell (to 15 Mar 1951) Maj Bruce E. Keith (from 16 Mar) Maj Horace W. Card, Jr. (from 12 May) Maj Peter J. Mulroney (from 4 Aug) Maj Claudie “M” Hollingsworth (from 14 Aug) Maj Frank W. Keith (from 11 Sep) Maj James R. Haynes (from 1 Nov) Maj Peter J. Mulroney (from 29 Nov) Maj James R. Haynes (from 15 Dec) Maj Morris R. Snead (from 29 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battery Capt George J. Batson, Jr. (to 27 Jun 1951) 1stLt Howard A. Blancheri (from 28 Jun) Capt Raymond D. Spicer (from 3 Oct) 1stLt John J. Scollay (from 29 Oct) 2dLt Arthur H. Westing (from 15 Jan 1952) 2dLt John E. Buynak (from 16 Feb) 1stLt Ivan B. Clevinger (from 13 Mar) Commanding Officer, Service Battery Capt Herbert R. Merrick, Jr. (to 24 Feb 1951) Capt William D. Gibson (from 25 Feb) 1stLt Walter L. Blocker (from 30 Jun) Capt Robert N. Kreider (from 20 Jul) 1stLt Robert E. Santee (from 6 Oct) 1stLt Donald F. Schaller (from 3 Feb 1952) 1stLt James W. Bell (from 16 Feb) Commanding Officer, Battery D Capt Richard E. Roach (to 18 Mar 1951) Capt William D. Stubbs, Jr. (from 19 Mar) Capt Walter L. Blocker, Jr. (from 4 Aug) 1stLt John M. Hoben (from 4 Nov) Commanding Officer, Battery E Capt Richard N. Aufmann (to 25 Feb 1951) Capt Herbert R. Merrick, Jr. (from 26 Feb) Capt Robt. E. Dawson (from 2 Apr) Capt Herbert R. Merrick, Jr. (from 27 Apr) Capt George J. Batson, Jr. (from 28 Jun) 1stLt Albert “G” Harris, III (from 7 Aug) Capt Raymond D. Spicer (from 11 Dec) Commanding Officer, Battery F 1stLt Howard A. Blancheri (to 20 Jan 1951) Capt George J. Kovtch, Jr. (from 21 Jan) Capt Robert E. Dawson (from 3 May) Capt William D. Gibson (from 30 Jun) 1stLt James F. Shea (from 13 Aug) 1stLt James W. Bell (from 8 Nov) Capt Robert E. Dawson (from 24 Nov) Capt John S. Adamson (from 24 Dec) 1stLt Frederick A. Koch, Jr. (from 31 Dec)

_3d Battalion, 11th Marines_

Commanding Officer LtCol Francis F. Parry (to 6 Feb 1951) LtCol William McReynolds (from 7 Feb) Maj James R. Haynes (from 6 Sep) LtCol James F. Coady (from 23 Oct) LtCol Henry E. Barnes (from 2 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Norman A. Miller, Jr. (to 14 Jul 1951) Maj Stephen K. Pawloski (from 15 Jul) Maj James R. Haynes (from 16 Aug) Maj Carl A. Neilson (from 6 Sep) Maj Richard H. Jeschke, Jr. (from 1 Dec) Maj Charles A. Lipot (from 4 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battery 1stLt John J. Brackett (to 20 Jan 1951) 1stLt Eugene H. Brown (from 21 Jan) 1stLt Robert C. Cameron (from 6 Apr) Capt Donald H. Campbell (from 21 May) 1stLt Robert H. Maurer (from 2 Aug) 1stLt Thomas E. Driscoll (from 18 Aug) 1stLt Hugh W. Manning (from 6 Sep) 2dLt John B. Buynak (from 7 Oct) Capt Thomas L. Sullivan (from 20 Nov) 2dLt Thomas P. McGeeney, Jr. (from 3 Jan 1952) 2dLt Albert E. Shaw, Jr. (from 19 Feb) 1stLt William A. Barton, Jr. (from 14 Mar) Commanding Officer, Service Battery Capt Samuel A. Hannah (to 25 Feb 1951) 1stLt Lawrence T. Kane (from 26 Feb) 1stLt David D. Metcalf (from 4 Apr) Capt Arthur S. Tarkington (from 10 Sep) Capt Charles J. Small (from 27 Nov) Commanding Officer, Battery G Capt Ernest W. Payne (to 14 Jul 1951) Capt Arthur S. Tarkington (from 15 Jul) 1stLt Arthur H. Fugalsoe (from 6 Sep) 1stLt Mervyn E. Kerstner (from 11 Sep) 1stLt Arthur H. Fugalsoe (from 15 Sep) 1stLt Edward S. McCabe (from 1 Nov) 1stLt Joseph M. Vosmik (from 13 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Battery H Capt Mason D. McQuiston (to 24 Aug 1951) Capt David D. Metcalf (from 25 Aug) 1stLt William A. Barton, Jr. (from 1 Nov) 1stLt George E. Chambers, Jr. (from 21 Jan 1952) 1stLt Russell E. Blagg (from 17 Mar) Commanding Officer, Battery I Capt Robert T. Patterson, Jr, (to 13 Jun 1951) Capt Floyd R. Jaggears (from 14 Jun) Capt Donald H. Campbell (from 2 Aug) 1stLt Homer C. Wright (from 12 Aug) Capt Donald H. Campbell (from 25 Aug) 1stLt Homer C. Wright (from 9 Sep) 1stLt Charles R. Davidson, Jr. (from 19 Feb 1952)

_4th Battalion, 11th Marines_

Commanding Officer Maj William McReynolds (to 6 Feb 1951) Maj Maurice J. Coffey (from 7 Feb) Maj Norman A. Miller, Jr. (from 16 Jul) LtCol Louis A. Jones (from 6 Sep) LtCol William M. Gilliam (from 24 Nov) Executive Officer Maj Maurice J. Coffey (to 6 Feb 1951) Maj Donald V. Anderson (from 7 Feb) Maj Bernard W. Giebler (from 17 Aug) LtCol Bruce F. Hillan (from 24 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battery 1stLt Michael B. Wier (to 10 Jun 1951) 1stLt Frank P. Zarzeka (from 11 Jun) 1stLt Arthur Coburn (from 21 Aug) 1stLt Paul R. Joyce (from 28 Aug) 1stLt Thomas C. Thompson, Jr. (from 25 Nov) 1stLt Earl C. Senter (from 10 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Service Battery Capt Aldor B. Elmquist (to 9 Jun 1951) 1stLt Matthew J. Dennin (from 10 Jun) 1stLt William A. Mazzarella (from 1 Jul) Capt Matthew J. Dennin (from 2 Sep) Capt Eugene A. Frank (from 8 Sep) Capt Matthew J. Dennin (from 16 Oct) 1stLt Leland B. Elton (from 19 Nov) Commanding Officer, Battery K Capt Arthur D. Challacombe, Jr. (to 4 Aug 1951) 1stLt Albert E. Coffeen (from 5 Aug) 1stLt Paul M. Rice (from 23 Dec) 1stLt William L. Jesse (from 17 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Battery L Capt Armond G. Daddazio (to 15 Apr 1951) Capt Eugene A. Frank (from 16 Apr) Capt William M. Sigler, Jr. (from 7 Sep) 1stLt Dennis Manko (from 28 Nov) Commanding Officer, Battery M Capt Vernon W. Shapiro (to 3 Feb 1951) Capt Charles E. Walker (from 14 Feb) Capt Walter E. Magon (from 18 Jun) 1stLt George C. Briggs, Jr. (from 28 Nov) 1stLt Louis M. Dunklin (from 10 Feb 1952) 1stLt Billy J. White (from 18 Mar)

_1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Erwin F. Wann, Jr. (to 26 Sep 1951) LtCol Michiel Dobervich (from 27 Sep) Executive Officer Maj Arthur J. Barrett (to 14 Sep 1951) Maj William L. Eubank (from 15 Sep) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Frank E. Granucci (to 12 Jun 1951) Capt Lawrence H. Woods (from 13 Jun) Capt Thomas J. Melcher (from 15 Sep) 1stLt Richard R. Myers (from 9 Jan 1952) 1stLt William H. Gatlin (from 10 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company A Maj James P. Treadwell (to 6 Apr 1951) Maj Thomas H. Boler (from 7 Apr) Capt Harry A. Steinmeyer (from 1 May) Capt Dudley F. McGeehan (from 17 May) Capt Robert L. Stuford (from 10 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Russell Hamlet (to 11 Apr 1951) Capt Dudley F. McGeehan (from 12 Apr) Capt John C. Crawley (from 17 May) Capt Carl L. Hill (from 10 Jun) Capt Harold W. Stroschein (from 1 Jan 1952) Capt Samuel L. Eddy (from 10 Jan) Commanding Officer, Company C Maj Arthur J. Noonan (to 8 Aug 1951) Maj William L. Eubank (from 9 Aug) Maj Edward C. Nelson (from 10 Sep) Capt Samuel L. Eddy (from 19 Dec) Capt Robert T. Johnson (from 9 Jan 1952)

_1st Armored Amphibian Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Francis H. Cooper (to 15 Jun 1951) Maj George M. Warnke (from 16 Jun) LtCol John T. O’Neill (from 2 Oct) Executive Officer Maj Richard G. Warga (to 7 Apr 1951) Maj George M. Warnke (from 8 Apr) Maj Bernard G. Thobe (from 16 Jun) Maj Robert J. Murphy (from 1 Oct) Maj David Young (from 6 Jan 1952) LtCol James L. Jones (from 29 Feb) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Roger B. Thompson (to 10 May 1951) 1stLt Jean T. Fox (from 11 May) Capt Richard P. Greene (from 18 Jun) 1stLt Edward J. Sullivan (from 12 Oct) 2dLt Newton C. Tullis (from 2 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company A Capt Bernard G. Thobe (to 25 Apr 1951) 1stLt Clyde P. Guy (from 26 Apr) Maj Rex Z. Michael, Jr. (from 5 Sep) Maj David Foos (from 3 Oct) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Lewis E. Bolts (to 26 Jun 1951) Maj Ralph H. Platt (from 27 Jun) Maj John M. Scarborough (from 3 Oct) Capt John B. Harney (from 10 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Service Company Capt Rex Z. Michael, Jr. (to 4 Sep 1951) 1stLt Presley K. Saine (from 5 Sep) 2dLt John A. Boone (from 5 Nov) Capt William H. Chandler (from 16 Mar 1952)

_1st Combat Service Group_

Commanding Officer Col John N. Cook, Jr. (to 10 Jun 1951) LtCol John M. Brickley (from 10 Jun) Col Joseph P. Sayers (from 9 Aug) Col Russell N. Jordahl (from 30 Sep) Executive Officer LtCol Edward A. Clark (to 17 Jan 1951) LtCol Randolph S. D. Lockwood (from 18 Jan) LtCol John H. Brickley (from 9 May) Maj Murray F. Rose (from 11 Jun) LtCol Robert K. McClelland (from 17 Aug) Maj John R. Blackett (from 1 Sep) LtCol Robert T. Stivers (from 22 Oct) LtCol James G. Kelly (from 6 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Francis L. Miller (to 11 Apr 1951) Capt Raymond E. Wase (from 12 Apr) Capt Billie G. Hagan (from 19 Apr) Capt George M. Zellick (from 22 Jul) 1stLt William P. Lacy (from 21 Sep) Capt James H. Shaw (from 15 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Maintenance Company Maj Edward H. Voorhees (to 19 May 1951) 1stLt Donald M. Dackins (from 20 May) Maj Berny L. Thurman (from 3 Sep) Capt Warren H. Allen (from 25 Nov) Maj John R. Blackett (from 31 Dec) Commanding Officer, Supply Company Maj Robert W. Hengesbach (to 17 Apr 1951) Capt Bernard L. Keiter (from 18 Apr) 1stLt John Spiropoulas (from 24 Nov) Maj William D. Porter (from 29 Dec) Commanding Officer, Support Company Maj Donald B. Cooley, Jr. (to 22 Jan 1951) Maj James T. Breen (from 23 Jan) Maj Mason H. Morse (from 10 Oct) Maj Howard T. Pittman (from 4 Nov) Commanding Officer, Truck Company Capt Jack W. Temple (to 10 Jun 1951) 1stLt Cecil C. Spencer (from 11 Jun) 1stLt Frank W. Dickel (from 7 Jul) 1stLt James H. Shaw (from 8 Sep) Capt Jacob Stocker (from 24 Sep) Commanding Officer, 1st Fumigation and Bath Platoon 1stLt James L. Dumas (to 14 Aug 1951) 1stLt Raymond S. Eason (from 15 Aug) 1stLt Roger B. Meade (from 6 Sep) Commanding Officer, 1st Air Delivery Platoon Capt Hersel D. C. Blasingame (to 10 Jun 1951) 2dLt Robert C. Morton (from 11 Jun) CWO John T. Eakes (from 26 Jun) 1stLt William A. Reavis (from 30 Dec) 2dLt William S. Daniels (from 7 Feb 1952)

_1st Engineer Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol John H. Partridge (to 10 Jun 1951) LtCol John V. Kelsey (from 11 Jun) Executive Officer Maj Richard M. Elliott (to 1 Feb 1951) Maj Emile P. Moses, Jr. (from 2 Feb) Maj Grover C. Williams (from 4 Aug) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Edward D. Newton (to 24 Mar 1951) 1stLt Gerald W. Wade (from 25 Mar) 1stLt Lee A. Kirstein (from 16 Jun) Capt Leonard L. Schultz (from 22 Aug) Capt Donald F. Draeger (from 24 Nov) Capt Robert W. Hurley (from 20 Dec) Commanding Officer, Service Company Capt Phillip A. Terrell, Jr. (to 25 Mar 1951) Maj Richard M. Elliott (from 26 Mar) Maj Louis L. Ball (from 6 Sep) Capt Thirl D. Johnson (from 10 Jan 1952) 1stLt Arthur L. Rourke (from 9 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company A Capt William B. Gould (to 20 Apr 1951) Capt Harold R. Gingher (from 21 Apr) 1stLt George L. Bowman (from 15 Jun) 1stLt Floyd L. Vuillemot (from 1 Oct) Capt Walter L. Hill (from 5 Nov) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Orville L. Bibb (to 25 Mar 1951) Capt Phillip A. Terrill, Jr. (from 26 Mar 1951) 1stLt Gerald W. Wade (from 17 Oct) 1stLt Clyde R. Kolahan (from 1 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt Lester G. Harmon (to 15 Aug 1951) 1stLt Robert L. Brown (from 16 Aug) 1stLt Robert J. Hickson (from 4 Nov) Commanding Officer, Company D Capt Byron C. Turner (to 30 May 1951) Capt Edward D. Newton (from 31 May) Capt Thirl D. Johnson (from 29 Jun) 1stLt Lee A. Kirstein (from 23 Sep) 1stLt John J. Killelea (from 23 Dec)

_1st Medical Battalion_

Commanding Officer Cdr Howard A. Johnson, USN (to 22 Jan 1951) Cdr Clifford A. Stevenson, USN (from 23 Jan) Cdr Richard Lawrence, Jr., USN (from 23 Sep) Executive Officer Cdr William S. Francis, USN (to 8 Jan 1951) LtCdr Gustave T. Anderson, USN (from 9 Jan) Cdr George A. Schlesinger, USN (from 4 Jul) Cdr Lewis E. Rector, USN (from 9 Aug) LtCdr Merrill W. Rusher, USN (from 28 Oct) Cdr James C. Luce, USN (from 28 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Cdr William S. Francis, USN (to 8 Jan 1951) LtCdr Gustav T. Anderson, USN (from 9 Jan) Cdr Lewis E. Rector, USN (from 7 Jun) Cdr George C. Schlesinger, USN (from 4 Jul) Cdr Lewis E. Rector, USN (from 9 Aug) LtCdr Merrill W. Rusher, USN (from 28 Oct) Lt Edgar F. Bechtel, USN (from 16 Dec) Lt(jg) Charles P. Richardson, USN (from 21 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company A Cdr Byron E. Bassham, USN (to 3 Mar 1951) Cdr Philip L. Nova, USN (from 4 Mar) Cdr James A. Addison, USN (from 18 Apr) LtCdr Arvin T. Henderson, USN (from 22 Sep) Commanding Officer, Company B LtCdr James A. Kaufman, USN (to 12 Jun 1951) LtCdr Francis M. Morgan, USN (from 13 Jun) Lt James F. Mumma, USN (from 11 Aug) Lt Robert Fahrner, USN (from 17 Sep) Lt John T. St. Mary, USN (from 20 Sep) Lt(jg) Leroy F. Von Lackum, USN (from 15 Oct) LtCdr Merrill W. Rusher, USN (from 8 Nov) CWO William R. Lipscomb, USN (from 27 Nov) WO Clarence B. Mohler, USN (from 7 Dec) WO William R. Stanberry, USN (from 22 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company C Cdr Harold A. Streit, USN (to 8 Jan 1951) Cdr Lewis E. Rector, USN (from 9 Jan) LtCdr Merrill W. Rusher, USN (from 6 Jun) Lt John P. McDonald, USN (from 28 Oct) LtCdr Merrill W. Rusher, USN (from 27 Nov) Lt(jg) Thaddeus H. Doggett, USN (from 26 Dec) LtCdr James A. McLaughlin, USN (from 11 Jan 1952) Lt(jg) Thaddeus H. Doggett, USN (from 7 Feb) Commanding Officer, Company D LtCdr Gustave J. Anderson, USN (to 7 Jan 1951) LtCdr Daniel M. Pino, USN (from 8 Jan) Lt(jg) Hermes C. Grillo, USN (from 10 Aug) Lt(jg) Powell H. Perkins, USN (from 8 Dec) LtCdr James A. McLaughlin, USN (from 6 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Company E LtCdr Charles K. Holloway, USN (to 8 Jan 1951) LtCdr John H. Cheffey, USN (from 9 Jan) LtCdr Robert G. Allen, USN (from 13 Jun) Lt Robert J. Fahrner, USN (from 9 Sep) LtCdr Clifford R. Hall, USN (from 17 Oct)

_1st Motor Transport Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Olin L. Beall (to 15 Mar 1951) LtCol John R. Barreiro, Jr. (from 16 Mar) LtCol Howard E. Wertman (from 18 Aug) Executive Officer Maj John R. Barreiro, Jr. (to 15 Mar 1951) Maj Edward L. Roberts (from 16 Mar) Maj Eero Nori (from 6 Aug) Capt Howard Dismeier (from 3 Feb 1952) Maj Raymond L. Luckel (from 7 Mar) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Capt George B. Loveday (to 4 May 1951) 1stLt John C. O’Connell (from 5 May) 2dLt Walter R. Gustafson (from 21 Jul) 1stLt John C. O’Connell (from 17 Aug) Capt Seneker Woll (from 1 Sep) 1stLt Eldon F. Kennedy (from 9 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company A Capt Arthur W. Ecklund (to 3 May 1951) 1stLt Mildridge E. Mangum (from 4 May) Capt Arnold T. Reed (from 4 Sep) 1stLt Walter A. Knopp (from 30 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt James C. Camp, Jr. (to 9 Aug 1951) 1stLt Marshall “A” Webb, Jr. (from 10 Aug) 1stLt Gerald W. Gruber (from 13 Sep) Commanding Officer, Company C 1stLt Norman E. Stow (to 15 Aug 1951) Capt Joe P. England (from 16 Aug) Commanding Officer, Company D 1stLt William D. Pothoff (to 8 Oct 1951) 1stLt Eldon F. Kennedy (from 9 Oct) Capt Leroy P. Oetter (from 17 Oct) Commanding Officer, Automotive Support Company 1stLt Mildridge E. Mangum (to 16 Feb 1951) Capt Walter J. Desel, Jr. (from 17 Feb) 1stLt Marshall “A” Webb, Jr. (from 14 May) Capt Leon Serkin (from 1 Aug) Capt Charles R. Godwin (from 4 Nov) Commanding Officer, Automotive Maintenance Company Maj Edward L. Roberts (to 15 Mar 1951) Capt Victor E. Sellers (from 16 Mar) Capt Ira N. Hayes (from 10 Apr) Capt Harold L. Mayfield (from 3 Aug) Maj Marion D. Grush (from 5 Nov)

_7th Motor Transport Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Carl J. Cagle (to 1 Oct 1951) Maj Walter R. O’Quinn (from 2 Oct) Maj Herbert E. Pierce (from 3 Jan 1952) Executive Officer Maj Vernon A. Tuson (to 26 Jul 1951) Capt Joseph L. Bunker (from 27 Jul) Maj Walter R. O’Quinn (from 19 Sep) Maj Ben Sutts (from 2 Oct) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company 2dLt Henry F. Finney (to 13 Jan 1951) 2dLt Palmer B. Fordham (from 14 Jan) 1stLt Richard J. Keeling (from 10 Feb) 1stLt Earl H. Johnson (from 10 Apr) 1stLt Louis C. Tauber (from 13 Aug) 1stLt Kenneth F. Smith (from 1 Sep) Capt John J. Wilkinson (from 1 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company A Capt Ira N. Hayes (to 8 Apr 1951) 1stLt Landon E Christian (from 9 Apr) Capt Robert B. Stone (from 8 Aug) Capt John J. Wilkinson (from 1 Sep) Capt Kenneth F. Smith (from 1 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Clovis M. Jones (to 11 Mar 1951) 1stLt Lawrence C. Norton (from 12 Mar) 1stLt John B. Wilson (from 1 Sep) 1stLt Clyde H. Loveday, Jr. (from 15 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt Fred B. Rogers (to 16 Apr 1951) 1stLt Oscar A. Bosma (from 17 Apr) 1stLt Richard C. O’Dowd (from 6 Jun) Capt Roscoe C. Hibbard (from 23 Nov) Capt Clifton G. Moore (from 28 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company D Capt Joseph L. Bunker (to 26 Jul 1951) 1stLt Hubert J. Thomas (from 27 Jul) 1stLt Clyde H. Stratton (from 1 Sep) Capt Clyde H. Stratton (from 1 Jan 1952)

_1st Ordnance Battalion_

Commanding Officer Maj Lloyd O. Williams (to 31 Aug 1951) Maj Harold C. Borth (from 1 Sep) Executive Officer Maj Samuel A. Johnstone, Jr. (to 5 Jul 1951) Capt Theodore Tunis (from 6 Jul) Capt Gordon H. Moore (from 1 Aug) Maj Harold C. Borth (from 13 Aug) Maj Eugene Anderson (from 1 Sep) Capt Thomas J. Belt, Jr. (from 1 Jan 1952) Capt Frederick V. Osborn (from 6 Feb) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Gordon H. Moore (to 9 Sep 1951) 2dLt Willie B. Hayter, Jr. (from 10 Sep) 1stLt Henry “H” Best, Jr. (from 7 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Ordnance Supply Company 1stLt Victor F. Brown (to 10 Aug 1951) Capt Simon W. Vevurka (from 11 Aug) Capt Thomas J. Belt (from 1 Nov) Commanding Officer, Ammunition Company Capt Richard W. Sinclair (to 6 Apr 1951) Capt Robert C. Holder (from 7 Apr) Capt David A. Malinsky (from 12 Sep) Capt Chester D. Brown, Jr. (from 4 Jan 1952) Capt Cecil B. Smith (from 21 Feb) Commanding Officer, Ordnance Maintenance Company Capt George L. Williams (to 15 Aug 1951) Maj James H. Pierce (from 16 Aug) 1stLt Charles B. Haslam (from 10 Dec) Capt William E. L. Donner (from 20 Jan 1952) Capt Dwight H. Sawin, Jr. (from 17 Mar)

_1st Service Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Charles L. Banks (to 11 Jan 1951) Col Gould P. Groves (from 12 Jan) LtCol Horace E. Knapp (from 27 Mar) LtCol Woodrow M. Kessler (from 6 Jul) LtCol Bernard W. McLean (from 3 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj John R. Stone (to 18 Jun 1951) Capt Victor E. Johnson, Jr. (from 19 Jun) Maj Louis G. Monville (from 3 Jul) Maj George E. Allison (from 18 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company Capt Morse “L” Holladay (to 20 Jan 1951) 1stLt Robert E. Follendorf (from 21 Jan) 1stLt James B. Lichtenberger (from 3 Sep) 1stLt Peter N. Pappas (from 10 Oct) Capt John E. Welch (from 31 Dec) 1stLt Joseph D. Walker (from 10 Jan 1952) 1stLt Harry H. Saltzman (from 10 Mar) Commanding Officer, Supply Company Capt Robert A. Morehead (to 13 Apr 1951) Capt George K. Reid (from 14 Apr) Capt Hayward M. Friedrich (from 27 May) Capt Milton W. Magee (from 6 Jun) Maj James R. Fury (from 13 Aug) Capt Warren G. Hopkins (from 26 Dec) Capt John H. Tomlinson (from 11 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Support Company Capt Thomas M. Sagar (to 22 Jan 1951) Capt Morse “L” Holladay (from 23 Jan) 1stLt Victor E. Johnson (from 30 Mar) Capt Hayward M. Friedrich (from 7 Jun) 1stLt Glenn P. Gasaway (from 2 Jul) 1stLt Robert W. Blum (from 3 Sep) Capt Robert E. Moyer (from 1 Oct) 1stLt Jack A. Mackenzie (from 13 Nov) 1stLt Carlton R. Appleby (from 21 Dec) 1stLt Barry D. Diamond (from 8 Jan 1952) Capt Seneker Woll (from 10 Mar)

_1st Shore Party Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Henry P. Crowe (to 10 May 1951) LtCol Horace H. Figuers (from 11 May) LtCol Harry W. Edwards (from 17 Jul) LtCol George G. Pafford (from 29 Sep) LtCol Franklin B. Nihart (from 20 Dec) LtCol Warren S. Sivertsen (from 9 Mar 1952) Executive Officer LtCol Horace H. Figuers (to 10 May 1951) Maj John G. Dibble (from 11 May) Maj Frederick F. Draper (from 7 Aug) Maj Joseph T. Smith, Jr. (from 6 Sep) Maj Frederick F. Draper (from 7 Nov) Commanding Officer, Headquarters and Service Company Maj James I. Glendinning, Jr. (to 2 Jan 1951) Maj George A. Smith (from 3 Jan) Maj Burt A. Lewis (from 19 May) Maj William T. Miller (from 20 Jun) 1stLt Robert H. During (from 20 Aug) Maj Edson W. Card (from 29 Aug) Maj Paul R. Nugent (from 12 Sep) Capt Quentin H. Kravig (from 19 Jan 1952) Commanding Officer, Company A Maj Charles E. Ingram (to 1 Jul 1951) Maj Orville L. Bibb (from 2 Jul) Capt Calvin Wall (from 10 Aug) Commanding Officer, Company B Maj Henry Brezinski (to 17 Jun 1951) Capt William A. Reno (from 18 Jun) Maj Charles E. Ingram (from 3 Jul) Maj George W. Ellis, Jr. (from 29 Jul) Capt Francis V. Clifford (from 8 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company C Maj Murray F. Rose (to 9 Jun 1951) Capt Henry J. Jadrich (from 10 Jun) Maj Burt A. Lewis, Jr. (from 21 Jun) Maj Edson W. Card (from 4 Aug) Capt William A. Reno (from 29 Aug) Maj Edson W. Card (from 8 Sep) Capt Robert T. Weis (from 12 Dec)

_1st Signal Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Robert L. Schreier (to 6 Apr 1951) Maj Richard A. Glaeser (from 7 Apr) Maj Alton L. Hicks (from 31 Aug) LtCol John E. Morris (from 20 Oct) Executive Officer Maj Elwyn M. Stimson (to 9 Mar 1951) Maj Richard A. Glaeser (from 10 Mar) Capt Marion J. Griffin (from 7 Apr) Maj Robert W. Nelson (from 20 Apr) Maj Alton L. Hicks (from 20 Oct) Maj Ernest C. Bennett (from 12 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company 2dLt Merle W. Allen (to 1 Mar 1951) 1stLt Raymond B. Spicer (from 2 Mar) 2dLt Richard D. Alexander (from 18 Jun) 1stLt Frank J. Cerny (from 16 Aug) Commanding Officer, Signal Company Maj Richard A. Glaeser (to 8 Mar 1951) Capt John H. McGuire (from 9 Mar) Maj Harold S. Hill (from 17 Aug) Maj Bolish J. Kozak (from 1 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, ANGLICO Maj Frederick N. Steinhauser (to 24 Oct 1951) Maj Walter R. Miller (from 25 Oct) LtCol Alton L. Hicks (from 13 Feb 1952)

_1st Tank Battalion_

Commanding Officer LtCol Harry T. Milne (to 21 Apr 1951) LtCol Holly H. Evans (from 22 Apr) Maj Walter E. Reynolds, Jr. (from 9 Feb 1952) Executive Officer Maj Philip C. Morell (to 2 Sep 1951) Maj Walter E. Reynolds, Jr. (from 3 Sep) Maj Edward C. Nelson, Jr. (from 9 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Headquarters Company 1stLt John B. Lund (to 21 Sep 1951) Capt Robert S. Grether (from 22 Sep) 1stLt Jack D. Sheldon (from 10 Mar 1952) Commanding Officer, Service Company Maj Douglas E. Haberlie (to 3 Jul 1951) Maj George W. Bubb (from 4 Jul) Maj Edward C. Nelson (from 27 Dec) Capt Robt. H. Vogel (from 9 Feb 1952) Commanding Officer, Company A 1stLt Robert J. Craig (to 20 Jan 1951) Maj Arthur M. Hale (from 21 Jan) Capt Robert M. Krippner (from 31 Mar) Capt John E. Scanlon (from 17 Apr) Capt Joseph W. Luker (from 14 Jun) Capt Robert S. Grether (from 3 Sep) Capt Albert W. Snell (from 21 Sep) 1stLt William E. Young (from 19 Feb 1952) Capt Milton L. Raphael (from 10 Mar) Commanding Officer, Company B Capt Bruce F. Williams (to 1 Jul 1951) Capt Paul F. Curtis (from 2 Jul) Capt John E. Lund (from 2 Oct) 1stLt Paul A. Wood (from 5 Nov) Capt Jack J. Jackson (from 29 Dec) Commanding Officer, Company C Capt Richard M. Taylor (to 5 Aug 1951) Maj Walter Moore (from 6 Aug) Capt Thomas W. Clark (from 21 Nov) Commanding Officer, Company D Capt Joseph W. Malcolm, Jr. (to 2 Sep 1951) Capt James L. Carey (from 3 Sep) Capt Charles A. Sooter (from 28 Nov)

_Marine Observation Squadron 6_

Commanding Officer Maj Vincent J. Gottschalk (to 31 Mar 1951) Capt Clarence W. Parkins (from 1 Apr) Maj David W. McFarland (from 5 Apr) Maj Allan H. Ringblom (from 6 Oct) Maj Edward R. Polgrean (from 1 Nov) Maj Kenneth G. Smedley (from 1 Feb 1952) Maj William G. MacLean, Jr. (from 11 Feb) LtCol William T. Herring (from 27 Feb) Executive Officer Capt Andrew L. McVicars (to 13 Jan 1951) Capt Clarence W. Parkins (from 14 Jan) Capt Kenneth C. Smedley (from 21 Jul) Maj William G. MacLean, Jr. (from 21 Nov)

_Marine Helicopter Transport Squadron 161_

Commanding Officer LtCol George W. Herring (to 17 Dec 1951) Col Keith B. McCutcheon (from 18 Dec) Executive Officer Maj William P. Mitchell (to 19 Mar 1952) Maj James R. Dyer (from 20 Mar)

FIRST MARINE AIRCRAFT WING (1st MAW) 1 January 1951–31 March 1952

Commanding General MajGen Field Harris (to 28 May 1951) BrigGen Thomas J. Cushman (from 29 May) MajGen Christian F. Schilt (from 27 Jul) Asst Commanding General BrigGen Thomas J. Cushman (to 28 May 1951) BrigGen William O. Brice (from 29 May) BrigGen Frank H. Lamson-Scribner (from 29 Sep) Chief of Staff Col Caleb T. Bailey (to 18 Aug 1951) Col Arthur F. Binney (from 19 Aug) Col Carson A. Roberts (from 2 Jan 1952) Col Arthur F. Binney (from 26 Mar) Asst Chief of Staff, G-1 Col Raymond E. Hopper (to 10 Feb 1951) Col Alexander G. Bunker (from 11 Feb) LtCol Owen M. Hines (from 1 Nov) Col Robert O. Bisson (from 27 Feb 1952) Asst Chief of Staff, G-2 Col Roger T. Carleson (to 18 Feb 1951) LtCol Winson V. Crockett (from 19 Feb) Capt John E. Buckle (from 21 Jun) Capt William G. Redel (from 1 Aug) LtCol Chester A. Henry, Jr. (from 1 Sep) LtCol John W. Stage (from 12 Jan 1952) Asst Chief of Staff, G-3 Col Edward C. Dyer (to 28 Feb 1951) LtCol Howard A. York (from 1 Mar) LtCol Neil R. MacIntyre (from 12 Mar) Col Rivers J. Morrell, Jr. (from 26 Jun) Col Stanley W. Trachta (from 19 Aug) Col Rivers J. Morrell, Jr. (from 7 Sep) Col Guy M. Morrows (from 14 Sep) Col Stanley W. Trachta (from 21 Jan 1952) Asst Chief of Staff, G-4 Col Thomas J. Noon (to 14 May 1951) Col Wallace T. Breakey (from 15 May) LtCol Carl M. Longley (from 21 Jul) Col Luther S. Moore (from 5 Sep) Col Elmer T. Dorsey (from 7 Jan 1952) Col Robert E. Galer (from 12 Mar)

_Marine Aircraft Group 33 (MAG-33)_

Commanding Officer Col Frank G. Dailey (to 29 Dec 1950) LtCol Radford C. West (from 30 Dec) LtCol Paul J. Fontana (from 15 Jan 1951) LtCol Richard A. Beard, Jr. (acting) (from 2 Apr) Col Guy M. Morrow (from 9 Apr) Col Carson A. Roberts (from 31 Jul) Col Arthur F. Binney (from 2 Jan 1952) Col Martin A. Severson (from 27 Mar) Executive Officer LtCol Richard A. Beard, Jr. (to 18 May 1951) LtCol James B. Moore (from 19 May) LtCol Nathan T. Post, Jr. (from 14 Jul) LtCol John W. Stage (from 2 Sep) LtCol Nathan T. Post, Jr. (from 12 Jan 1952) LtCol Vernon O. Ullman (from 6 Feb)

_Marine Air Base Squadron 33 (MABS-33)_

Commanding Officer LtCol Nathan T. Post (to 10 Jan 1952) LtCol Finley T. Clarke, Jr. (from 11 Jan) Maj Frank P. Barker, Jr. (from 27 Mar) Executive Officer Maj George K. Harshbarger (to 24 Apr 1952)

_Marine Aircraft Maintenance Squadron 33 (MAMS-33)_

Commanding Officer LtCol Joseph W. Kean, Jr. (2 Dec 1951 to 21 Jan 1952) Maj Zadik Collier (from 22 Jan) Executive Officer Maj Alton C. Bennett (to 4 Dec 1951) Maj Zadik Collier (from 5 Dec) Maj Alton C. Bennett (from 22 Jan 1952)

_Headquarters Squadron 33 (HQSQ, MAG-33)_

Commanding Officer Capt Grover C. McClure, Jr. (to 14 Apr 1951) Maj William D. Armstrong (from 15 Apr) Maj Raymond F. Scherer (from 28 Jul) Maj Morgan C. Webb, III (from 27 Aug) Capt Allen R. Schutter (from 27 Mar 1952)

_Marine Service Squadron 33 (SMS-33)_[378]

Commanding Officer LtCol James C. Lindsay (to 23 Jan 1951) Maj Edward J. Montagne (from 24 Jan) Maj William M. Lundin (from 26 Jan) Maj Elmer P. Thompson, Jr. (from 1 Apr) LtCol Allen T. Barnum (from 2 Jul) LtCol Joseph W. Kean, Jr. (from 12 Nov) Executive Officer Maj Edward J. Montagne, Jr. (to 13 Mar 1951)[379] Maj Elmer P. Thompson, Jr.[380] (from 2 Jul) Maj George K. Harshbarger (from 7 Aug)

_Marine Aircraft Group 12 (MAG-12)_

Commanding Officer Col Boeker C. Batterton (to 28 May 1951) Col Stanley W. Trachta (from 29 May) Col Richard C. Mangrum (from 1 Aug) Col Luther S. Moore (from 2 Jan 1952) Col Elmer T. Dorsey (from 1 Apr) Executive Officer LtCol Donald K. Yost (to 24 Feb 1951) LtCol Rivers J. Morrell, Jr. (from 25 Feb) LtCol Richard W. Wyczawski (from 26 Jun) LtCol William G. Thrash (from 18 Jul) LtCol Hugh M. Elwood (from 8 Aug) LtCol Jens C. Aggerbeck, Jr. (from 17 Nov) LtCol Robert J. Hoey (from 27 Feb 1952)

_Headquarters Squadron, (HQSQ, MAG-12)_

Commanding Officer Maj John E. Hays (to 31 Dec 1950) Capt William E. Lesage (from 1 Jan 1951) Maj Bradley K. Schwarz (from 4 Apr) Maj David P. John (from 2 Sep) Capt Joseph E. Givens (from 9 Oct) Capt George Byers, Jr. (from 1 Feb 1952)

_Marine Service Squadron 12 (SMS-12)[381]_

Commanding Officer LtCol Charles E. McLean, Jr. (to 28 Jul 1951) Maj Perry L. Shuman (from 29 Jul) Executive Officer Maj Joseph W. Mackin (to 2 Apr 1951) Maj Howard W. Bollmann (from 3 Apr) Maj Raphael Ahern (from 8 Aug) Maj Robert E. Wall (from 3 Oct)

_Marine Air Base Squadron 12 (MABS-12)_ (Commissioned 1 Dec 1951)

Commanding Officer Maj Perry L. Shuman (to 5 Jan 1952)[382] Maj Robert L. Bryson (from 6 Jan) LtCol Carl M. Longley (from 1 Mar) Executive Officer Maj Floyd C. Kirkpatrick (to 18 Dec 1951) Maj Robert L. Bryson (from 19 Dec) Maj Floyd C. Kirkpatrick (from 6 Jan 1952) Maj Robert A. Collett (from 1 Mar)

_Marine Aircraft Maintenance Squadron 12 (MAMS-12)_ (Commissioned 1 Dec 1951)

Commanding Officer Maj Robert E. Wall (to 10 Feb 1952) LtCol Carl M. Longley (from 11 Feb) LtCol Joseph A. Gray (from 1 Mar) Executive Officer Capt Kenneth A. Anderson (to 26 Dec 1951) Maj “S” “D” G. Peterson (from 27 Dec)[383] Maj Robert E. Wall (from Feb/Mar 1952)[383]

_Marine Wing Service Squadron 1 (MWSS-1)_ (Decommissioned 1 Jul 1953) and _Marine Wing Service Group 17 (MWSG-17)_ (Commissioned 1 Jul 1953)

Commanding Officer CWO Aubrey D. Taylor (to 23 Jan 1951) LtCol James C. Lindsay (from 24 Jan) Col Roger T. Carleson (from 19 Feb) Col Elmer T. Dorsey (from 9 Sep) Col John Wehle (from 7 Jan 1952) Executive Officer None shown prior to 19 Feb 1951. LtCol James C. Lindsay (to 16 Jul 1951) LtCol Alton D. Gould (from 17 Jul) Maj Edward J. McGee (from 13 Nov) LtCol Robert M. Haynes (from 2 Dec) LtCol Birney B. Truitt (from 15 Mar 1952)

_Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron 1 (MGCIS-1)_

Commanding Officer Maj Harold E. Allen (to 10 Jun 1951) LtCol Manual Brilliant (from 11 Jun) Maj Edward R. Polgrean (from 18 Aug) LtCol William T. Herring (from 18 Sep) Maj Milton M. Cook (from 1 Feb 1952) LtCol Herbert D. Raymond, Jr. (from 16 Feb) Maj Fred A. Steele (from 28 Mar) Executive Officer Maj Richard Hey, Jr. (to 3 Apr 1951) Maj Casper F. Hegner (from 4 Apr) Maj Edward R. Polgrean (from 31 Jul) Maj William T. Porter (from 21 Nov) Maj Milton M. Cook, Jr. (from 11 Dec) Maj Marvin R. Bridges, Jr. (from 2 Feb 1952) Maj Fred A. Steele (from 16 Feb) Maj Marvin R. Bridges, Jr. (from 28 Mar)

_Marine Transport Squadron 152 (VMR-152)_

Commanding Officer Col Deane C. Roberts (to 15 Jul 1951) LtCol John S. Carter (from 16 Jul) Col William B. Steiner (from 27 Jul)

_Marine Fighter Squadron 212 (VMF-212) redesignated Marine Attack Squadron 212 (VMA-212) on 10 Jun 1952_

Commanding Officer LtCol Richard W. Wyczawski (to 9 Mar 1951) LtCol Claude H. Welch (from 10 Mar) LtCol Manual Brilliant (from 21 Aug) LtCol Joseph A. Gray (from 11 Dec) LtCol Robert L. Bryson (from 1 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Elmer P. Thompson, Jr. (to 18 Mar 1951) Maj Edward J. Montagne, Jr. (from 19 Mar) Maj Joseph W. Mackin (from 13 Apr) Maj Floyd C. Kirkpatrick (from 16 Jul) Maj William H. Rankin (from 20 Sep) Maj Robert A. Collett (from 11 Dec) Maj Richard B. Elliott (from 23 Feb 1952)

_1st 90mm AAA Gun Battalion_ Arrived Pusan, Korea--29 Aug 1951

Battalion Commander LtCol Charles W. May (KIA) (to 21 Dec 1951) LtCol Kenneth P. Dunkle (from 22 Dec) Col John F. Dunlap (from 30 Jan 1952) Col Max C. Chapman (from 23 Mar) Executive Officer Maj Kenneth P. Dunkle (to 21 Dec 1951) None shown 22–25 Dec 1951. Maj David H. Simmons (from 26 Dec) LtCol Kenneth P. Dunkle (from 30 Jan 1952)

_Marine Fighter Squadron 311 (VMF-311)_

Commanding Officer LtCol Neil R. MacIntyre (to 10 Mar 1951) LtCol John F. Kinney (from 11 Mar) Maj Frank S. Hoffecker (from 28 Jul) LtCol James B. Moore (from 1 Aug) LtCol John S. Payne (from 1 Dec) LtCol Darrell D. Irwin (from 27 Feb 1952) Executive Officer Maj John R. Stack (to 20 Feb 1951) Maj Samuel Richards, Jr. (from 21 Feb) Maj Samuel B. Folsom, Jr. (from Apr)[384] Maj Frank S. Hoffecker, Jr. (from 1 Jun) (KIA) Maj Frank C. Drury (from 25 Aug) Maj Carroll E. McCullah (from 1 Jan 1952) Maj Jay E. McDonald (from 16 Feb)

_Marine Night-Fighter Squadron 513 (VMF(N)-513)_

Commanding Officer LtCol David C. Wolfe (to 22 Feb 1951) LtCol James R. Anderson (from 23 Feb) LtCol Robert R. Davis (from 1 Jul) LtCol Allen T. Barnum (from 22 Nov) Maj Frank H. Simonds (from 1 Feb 1952) LtCol John R. Burnett (from 1 Mar) Executive Officer Maj Albert L. Clark (to 18 Dec 1950) Maj George B. Herlihy (from 19 Dec) Maj William G. Johnson[385] (from Feb 1951) Maj Evans C. Carlson (from 23 Apr) Maj John E. Reynolds (from 7 May) Maj Leo F. Tatro, Jr. (from 25 Aug) Maj Judson C. Richardson, Jr. (MIA) (from 4 Oct) Maj Frank H. Simonds (from 14 Dec) Maj Leroy T. Frey (from 1 Feb 1952) Maj Frank H. Simonds (from 1 Mar)

_Marine Night-Fighter Squadron 542 (VMF(N)-542)_

Commanding Officer LtCol Max J. Volcansek, Jr. (to 5 Feb 1951) LtCol James R. Anderson (from 6 Feb) Maj Albert L. Clark (from 23 Feb)[386] LtCol Peter D. Lambrecht (from 24 Mar) Executive Officer Maj Robert T. Whitten (to 23 Jan 1951) LtCol James R. Anderson (from 24 Jan)

_Marine Fighter Squadron 323 (VMF-323) redesignated Marine Attack Squadron 323 (VMA-323) on 30 Jun 1952_

Commanding Officer Maj Arnold A. Lund (to 24 Jan 1951) Maj Stanley S. Nicolay (from 25 Jan) Maj Donald L. Clark (from 1 Mar) Maj Charles M. Kunz (from 3 May) LtCol George F. Vaughan (from 25 Sep) Maj John L. Dexter (from 26 Oct) LtCol Richard L. Blume (from 16 Jan 1952) Executive Officer Maj Robert E. Johnson (to 31 Jan 1951) Maj Donald L. Clark (from 1 Feb) Maj Wilbur F. Evans, Jr. (from 1 Mar) Maj John L. Dexter (from 7 Jul) Maj Floyd C. Kirkpatrick (from 25 Oct) Maj Andrew J. Voyles (from 22 Nov) Maj Howard E. Cook (from 18 Dec) Maj Herbert D. Raymond, Jr. (from 13 Jan 1952) Maj Howard E. Cook (from 14 Feb) Maj William A. Weir (from 16 Mar)

_Marine Air Control Group 2 (MACG-2)_ (Arrived Korea 11 Apr 1951)

Commanding Officer LtCol Manual Brilliant (from 10 Apr 1951) Col Edwin P. Pennebaker, Jr. (from 30 Apr) Col Martin A. Severson (from 1 Jan 1952) Col Frederick R. Payne, Jr. (from 1 Mar) Executive Officer None shown during period LtCol Brilliant was CO. LtCol Manual Brilliant (from 30 Apr 1951) LtCol Joseph W. Kean (from 10 Jun) LtCol Robert R. Davis (from 4 Dec) LtCol Russell D. Rupp (from 6 Feb 1952)

_Marine Tactical Air Control Squadron 2 (MTACS-2)_

Commanding Officer Maj Christian C. Lee (to 30 Apr 1951) Maj James A. Etheridge (from 1 May) Maj Milton M. Cook, Jr. (from 6 May) Maj Wade W. Larkin (from 28 May) LtCol Henry W. Bransom (from 25 Jun) LtCol Hensley Williams (from 1 Dec 1951) Executive Officer Maj Harlen E. Hood (to Mar/Apr 1951) Maj James A. Etheridge (from 26 Apr)[387] Maj Wade W. Larkin (from 1 May) Maj Milton M. Cook, Jr. (from 28 May) Maj Clinton E. Jones (from 23 Sep)

_Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron 3 (MGCIS-3)_

Commanding Officer Maj Raymond H. George (to 15 Feb 1951) Maj Jack R. Moore (from 16 Feb) LtCol Hoyle R. Barr (from 1 Nov) LtCol Owen W. Hines (from 2 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj David M. Hudson (to 15 Aug 1951) Maj Daniel L. Cummings (from 16 Aug) Maj James H. Foster (from 17 Feb 1952)

_Marine Attack Squadron 121 (VMA-121)_

(Departed El Toro--2 Oct 1951 for Korea; 21 Oct 1951 reported to CG, 1stMAW, for duty; 22 Oct 1951 CO arrived Pohang (K-3), Korea.)

Commanding Officer LtCol Alfred N. Gordon (KIA) (to 17 Nov 1951) Maj Frank P. Barker, Jr. (from 18 Nov) LtCol Phillip B. May (from 1 Dec) LtCol William A. Houston, Jr. (from 15 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Frank P. Barker, Jr. (to 17 Nov 1951) Maj Edward B. Harrison (from 18 Nov) Maj Frank P. Barker, Jr. (from 1 Dec) Maj Edward B. Harrison (from 1 Jan 1952) Maj Richard J. Flynn, Jr. (from 15 Feb) Maj Henry W. Horst (from 26 Mar)

_Marine Fighter Squadron 214 (VMF-214)_

Commanding Officer Maj William M. Lundin (to 25 Jan 1951) Maj James A. Feeley, Jr. (from 26 Jan) Maj Edward Ochoa (from 5 May) LtCol James W. Poindexter (from 16 May) Maj Charles M. Kunz (from 4 Nov)[388] Executive Officer Maj Edward Ochoa (to 31 Jan 1951) Maj Hugh B. Calahan (from 1 Feb) Maj Herbert C. Langenfeld[389] (from 1 Jun)

_Marine Fighter Squadron 115 (VMF-115)_ (Arrived Pohang (K-3), Korea on 25 Feb 1952)

Commanding Officer LtCol Thomas M. Coles (25 Feb-20 May 1952) Executive Officer Maj Conrad G. Winter (25 Feb-26 Apr 1952)

_Marine Fighter Squadron (VMF-312) redesignated Marine Attack Squadron (VMA-312) on 1 Mar 1952_

Commanding Officer LtCol “J” Frank Cole (to 28 Jan 1951) Maj Donald P. Frame (KIA) (from 29 Jan) Maj Frank H. Presley (from 4 Apr) Maj Edward J. McGee (from 20 Jun) LtCol Harry W. Reed (KIA) (from 22 Jul) Maj Edward J. McGee (from 31 Jul) LtCol Russell D. Rupp (from 15 Aug) LtCol Joe H. McGlothlin, Jr. (from 8 Jan 1952) Executive Officer Maj Frank H. Presley (to 3 Apr 1951) Capt Phillip C. DeLong (from 4 Apr) Maj Robert J. Shelley, Jr. (from 22 Jun) Maj Edward J. McGee (from 22 Jul) Maj Robert J. Shelley, Jr. (from 31 Jul) Maj Edward J. McGee (from 14 Aug) Maj James H. Crutchfield (KIA) (from 25 Oct) Maj Jay W. Hubbard (from 4 Nov) Maj Richard J. Webster (from 19 Dec)[390] Maj Fred A. Steele (from Jan 1952)[390] Maj Alexander S. Walker, Jr. (from 28 Jan) Maj Edmond P. Hartsock (from 30 Mar)

_Photographic Unit--commissioned Marine Photographic Squadron 1 (VMJ-1) on 25 Feb 1952_

Commanding Officer Maj Donald S. Bush (to 14 Jun 1951) Maj Edgar L. Smith (from 15 Jun) Maj James W. Dougherty (from 27 Jul) Capt Edward A. Fitzgerald (from 29 Oct) LtCol Alton D. Gould (from 12 Nov) Maj Robert R. Read (from 26 Mar 1952) Executive Officer Maj Robert R. Read (to 25 Mar 1952) Maj Albert E. James (from 26 Mar)

_HQSQ, 1st MAW_

Commanding Officer Capt Earl B. Sumerlin, Jr. (to 12 Jan 1951) Maj John A. Reeder (from 13 Jan) Capt Edwin H. McCaleb, III (from 17 Jun) Maj Herbert C. Langenfeld (from 11 Oct) Maj Earl C. Miles (from 2 Dec)

[378] SMS disestablished 1 Dec 1951--concurrently MABS-33 and MAMS-33 formed.

[379] No Exec listed after Montagne was detached sometime in March 1951 until July 1951. Thompson came aboard 13 Mar 1951 which may well be date that Montagne was detached as Exec--however, nothing is recorded to this effect.

[380] It is quite possible and logical that Thompson was Exec from 13 Mar-2 Apr 1951--when he became CO.

[381] SMS-12 disestablished 1 Dec 1951--concurrently MABS-12 and MAMS-12 formed and commissioned.

[382] Narrative of Jan 1952 CD MABS-12 states Shuman det 4 Jan 1952 and Bryson on same date took over as CO. Assumption of command order states that 6 Jan 1952 was date Bryson became CO.

[383] These dates are those from the Station Lists--the diary records nothing (except in the case of Beatty (20 Feb 1952)) that would either prove or disprove these dates as being correct.

[384] The absence of a specific date indicates that no specific date of assignment is shown in unit records.

[385] The absence of specific dates indicates that no specific assignment dates can be found in existing records.

[386] VMF(N)-542: At sea bound for United States 12–21 Mar 1951--arrived El Toro, 24 Mar 1951.

[387] His date of attachment is vague.

[388] VMF-214 departed Korea for Itami on 4 Nov 1951--en route to USA (El Toro) aboard the _Lenawee_, 8–27 Nov 1951.

[389] Records do not indicate specific date.

[390] Records do not indicate specific date.

APPENDIX D

Unit Citations

THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON

The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION to the

FIRST MARINE DIVISION, REINFORCED

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

“For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea during the periods 21 to 26 April, 16 May to 30 June, and 11 to 25 September 1951. Spearheading the first counteroffensive in the spring of 1951, the First Marine Division, Reinforced, engaged the enemy in the mountainous center of Korea in a brilliant series of actions unparalleled in the history of the Marine Corps, destroying and routing hostile forces with an unrelenting drive of seventy miles north from Wonju. During the period 21 to 26 April, the full force of the enemy counteroffensive was met by the Division, north of the Hwachon Reservoir. Although major units flanking the Marine Division were destroyed or driven back by the force of this attack, the Division held firm against the attackers, repelling the onslaught from three directions and preventing the encirclement of the key center of the lines. Following a rapid regrouping of friendly forces in close contact with the enemy, the First Marine Division, Reinforced, was committed into the flanks of the massive enemy penetration and, from 16 May to 30 June, was locked in violent and crucial battle which resulted in the enemy being driven back to the north with disastrous losses to his forces in the number of killed, wounded and captured. Carrying out a series of devastating assaults, the Division succeeded in reducing the enemy’s main fortified complex dominating the 38th Parallel. In the final significant offensive of the action in Korea, from 11 to 25 September 1951, the First Marine Division, Reinforced, completed the destruction of the enemy forces in Eastern Korea by advancing the front against a final desperate enemy defense in the ‘Punch Bowl’ area in heavy action which completed the liberation of South Korea in this locality. With the enemy’s major defenses reduced, his forces on the central front decimated, and the advantage of terrain and the tactical initiative passing to friendly forces, he never again recovered sufficiently to resume the offensive in Korea. The outstanding courage, resourcefulness and aggressive fighting spirit of the officers and men of the First Marine Division, Reinforced, reflect the highest credit upon themselves and the United States Naval Service.”

The following reinforcing units of the First Marine Division participated in operations against enemy aggressor forces in Korea during the cited periods:

FLEET MARINE FORCE UNITS AND DETACHMENTS: “C” Battery, 1st 4.5 Rocket Battalion; 1st Combat Service Group; 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion; 7th Motor Transport Battalion; 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion; “A” Company, 1st Amphibian Truck Battalion (Redesignated 1st Amphibian Truck Company 18 July 1951); Team #1, 1st Provisional Historical Platoon; 1st Fumigation and Bath Platoon; 1st Air Delivery Platoon; Radio Relay Team, 1st Signal Operations Company; Detachment, 1st Explosive Ordnance Disposal Company; 2nd Platoon, Auto Field Maintenance Company; 1st Provisional Truck Company; Detachment, 1st Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company.

UNITED STATES ARMY UNITS: (For such periods not included in Army Unit Awards) 1st Bn, 32d Regt, 7th Inf Div; 7th Inf Div; 74th Truck Co; 513th Truck Co; 1st Ord Medium Maint Co, USA; 3d Plt, 86th Engr Searchlight Co (passed to operational control of 11th Marines); 558th Trans Truck Co (Amphibious, was attached to 7th MT Bn, FMF); 196th Field Arty Bn; 92d Army Engr Searchlight Plt; 181st CIC Det USA; 163d MIS Det USA; TLO Det USA; UNMACK Civil Affairs Team USA; 61st Engr Co; 159th Field Arty Bn (155 Howitzer); 623d Field Arty Bn; 17th Field Arty Bn “C” Btry; 204th Field Arty Bn “B” Btry; 84th Engr Construction Bn; 1st Bn, 15th US Inf Regt; 1st Bn, 65th US Inf Regt; 1st Bn, 9th Regt, 2d US Div (attached to KPR); Recon Co, 7th US Inf Div; 461st Inf Bn; Heavy Mortars, 7th Inf Div; 204th Field Arty Bn “A” Btry; 69th Field Arty Bn; 64th Field Arty Bn; 8th Field Arty Bn; 90th Field Arty Bn; 21st AAA-AW Bn; 89th Tank Bn; 441st CIC Det, USA; Prov Bn, USA (Dets 31st and 32d RCTS); Co D, 10th Engr (C) Bn, USA; Tank Co, 31st Inf, USA; Hqr Co, 31st Inf, USA; Co B, 1st Bn, 31st Inf, USA; 2d Bn, 31st Inf, USA (less Co E).

For the President, CHARLES S. THOMAS _Secretary of the Navy_

THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

WASHINGTON

The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION to the

FIRST MARINE AIRCRAFT WING, REINFORCED

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

“For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from 8 March to 30 April, 18 May to 30 June, and 3 August to 29 September 1951. Carrying out ‘round-the-clock’ combat flights during these periods, often under hazardous conditions of weather and terrain, the First Marine Aircraft Wing, Reinforced, provided unparalleled close air support for friendly ground forces, effectively reducing the enemy’s power to resist and contributing materially to the sweeping victories achieved by our ground forces. Operating continuously in the most advanced areas under fire, the Wing consistently maintained a high degree of combat readiness and struck savage blows to inflict tremendous damage and heavy casualties upon the enemy. Individually capable and determined, the gallant officers and men of this indomitable team achieved a distinctive combat record during a period of vital operations against a stubborn foe. This record is a lasting tribute to the courage and fighting spirit of all members of the First Marine Aircraft Wing, Reinforced, and reflects the highest credit upon the United States Naval Service.”

All organic units (excepting Marine Fighting Squadrons 214 and 323 for the periods 8 March to 30 April 1951 and 18 May to 30 June 1951, and Marine Observation Squadron 6 for the entire three periods) and the following reinforcing units of the First Marine Aircraft Wing participated in operations against enemy aggressor forces in Korea during one or more of the above cited periods: 1st 90mm Anti-Aircraft Artillery Gun Battalion and Ground Control Approach Unit 41M.

For the President, CHARLES S. THOMAS _Secretary of the Navy_

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U.S. Army. FM 70-10, _Mountain Operations_. Washington: The Adjutant General’s Office, 1947.

----. TM 9-1980, _Bombs For Aircraft_. Washington: The Adjutant General’s Office, 1950.

U.S. Department of State. _U.S. Relations with China with Special Reference to the Period 1944–1949_ [China White Papers]. State Department Publications 3573, Far East Series 30. Washington, 1949.

U.S. Marine Corps. Landing Force Bulletin Number 6, _Night Vision and Night Combat_, HQMC, Washington, D.C., 5 December 1953.

----. Landing Force Bulletin Number 18, _Battlefield Illumination_, HQMC, Washington, D.C. 4 June 1956.

U.S. Military Academy, _Operations in Korea_. West Point: Department of Military Art and Engineering, U.S. Military Academy, 1956.

U.S. Navy, Office of Chief of Naval Operations. “Korean Air War,” _Naval Aviation News_ (April 1951).

Van Fleet, James A., Gen, USA (Ret). “The Truth About Korea,” _Life_, 34:126-8 (11 May 1953).

Vatcher, William H. Jr. “Inside Story of Our Mistakes in Korea,” _U.S. News and World Report_, 34:35-6 (23 January 1953).

Vatcher, William H. Jr. _Panmunjom, The Story of the Korean Military Negotiations_. New York: F. Praeger, 1958.

Walker, Richard L. _China Under Communism: The First Five Years_. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955.

Weintal, E. “What Happened at Kaesong and What is in Prospect,” _Newsweek_, 38:38 (23 July 1951).

Index

Adelman, LtCol Merritt, 122_n_, 134, 149

A-frames, 86, 163

Agan, Capt Alfred H., 47

Air attack, enemy, 65

Air battle, 103

Air control, 97 1st MAW, 89 System, USAF, 18 System, USMC, 18

Aircraft, 46, 47, 63, 71, 83, 89, 96, 117, 125, 131, 137, 159, 188–190, 208. _See_ Helicopters and Communist Forces. AD (Skyraiders), 116, 122, 125 B-26, 33 B-29, 90 F3D (SkyKnight), 89 F4U (Corsair), 13, 27, 33, 49, 63, 71, 78, 89, 96, 107, 108, 116, 125, 137, 142, 186 F7F (Tigercat), 49, 50, 63, 89, 131 F9F (Panther), 63, 96, 108, 125, 137, 148 F-51 (Mustang), 28, 33, 116, 125, 137, 206 F-80 (Shooting Star), 15, 97, 125 F-82, 89 F-84, 125 Jets, 15, 49, 63, 96 Marine, 63, 78, 103, 108, 120 Mars, 31 Mosquito, 18, 26–28, 47, 50, 51, 97, 107 Observation planes OEs, 224 OYs, 1, 14, 49, 63, 104, 107, 116, 125, 134, 137, 142, 164, 187, 188, 224 PB4Y-2, 138 PO-2, 170 R4D, 55, 63, 138 R5D, 31, 32, 63, 89 Sabre jets, 28 SNB (Beechcraft), 63 SNJ, 18 TBM (Avenger), 50, 63 T-6, 18 Transports, 31

Air drop, 73, 93, 116, 181

Air Fields Bofu, repair of, 33 Kimpo, 28, 29, 59, 64 K-1, 29, 32, 33, 35, 46, 48, 56, 62, 63, 89, 96, 108, 137, 171 K-2, 29, 32 K-3, 32, 62, 63, 89, 108, 171 K-4, 29 K-9, 1, 15, 28, 29, 32, 46, 48–50, 52, 56, 90 K-10, 29 K-16, 28, 108, 116, 137, 254 K-18, 171, 185, 186 K-46, 137, 138, 142, 170 K-50, 215, 254 K-51, 215 X-77, 214 X-83, 189, 208, 219, 220, 241, 242 Seoul, 29 Suwon, 28, 29 Tsuika, 33_n_ Wonsan, 29 Yonpo, 29

Air Force, 28, 31, 33, 34, 63, 76, 170, 224 Eighth Air Force, 167 Far East Air Forces (FEAF), 14, 29, 32, 33, 45, 47, 95 Commander, 33 Combat Air Command, 73 Military Air Transport Service, 31 Fifth Air Force, 14, 15, 18, 49, 64, 67, 69, 78, 135, 142, 143, 170, 185, 257 Control, 15 543d Tactical Support Group, 64 8th Fighter Bomber Squadron, 15 606th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 90

Airheart, 1stLt William C., 151

Air Liaison officer, 17

Air lift, 31, 32, 215 Troop, 32

Air mattresses, 94

Air observation, 182

Air operations Control, 26 United Nations, 33

Air reconnaissance, 49, 50, 64, 78, 84, 101, 143, 207 Armed, 96 Patrols, 28 United States, 47

Air strike, 17, 69, 70, 75, 91, 92, 119, 125, 130, 142, 148, 149, 159, 179, 183, 185, 186, 195, 206, 219, 221 Control, 17, 142 Interdiction, 27, 144 Tactics, 64 United States, 13, 52 U. S. Marine Corps, 65, 70, 74, 115

Air support, 27, 28, 45, 69, 76, 78, 81, 86, 96, 97, 108, 130, 135–138, 141, 142, 148, 150, 178, 185, 191, 206, 210, 220, 258, 260 Close, 14, 18, 26, 27, 49, 71, 76, 78, 96, 108, 114, 125, 136, 142–144, 169, 170, 185, 186, 224, 258, 260 Control of, 14, 15, 17, 136 Air Force, 17 Marine Corps, 17 Deep, 49, 50 Interdictory, 18 Naval (British), 28 Reconnaissance, 64 United States, 56, 71, 83

ALBANY, Phase Line, 80, 84, 85

Allen, BrigGen C. R., 246_n_

Allen, Maj H. E., 90, 90_n_

Allert, 1stLt William J., 111

Almond, MajGen Edward M., 5, 19, 121, 128, 133, 133_n_, 137, 149, 154, 157, 162

Alston, LtCol William P., 194, 204, 242

Ambushes, 70, 217, 229, 231, 242 Chinese Communist Forces, 44 Marine, U.S., 53 North Korean People’s Army, 49

American Civil War, 165

Americans, Fighting for Korea, 7

Ammunition, 72, 122, 144, 170, 179, 181, 187, 190, 193, 210, 214, 221, 243, 244, 260 Artillery, 185 Mortar, 180 11th Marines, 122 Dump, 104, 210 Enemy, 130 Mortars, 114, 244 Shells, 104 Shortage, 244 Small-arms, 114 Supply Point (ASP) 60-B, 181 United States, 64, 93, 122 U. S. Marine Corps, 113

Amphibious Assault, 257 Attack, 250 Landing, 45, 47 Operation, 250 Tactics, 250

Anderson, LtCol James R., 46, 63, 89

Andong, 29, 42, 44, 49, 51, 55, 62, 66

Andong-Taegu area, 45

Andrewes, VAdm Sir William G., RN, 15, 28, 46

Antiaircraft Defenses, 103 Fire, enemy, 47

ARIZONA, Phase Line, 73, 75

Armor, body, 165, 166, 168, 169, 237–239, 251, 257. _See_ Vest, Armored.

Army, U. S., Strength figures, 11

Army, U. S. Units Eighth U. S. Army in Korea (EUSAK), 5, 8, 10, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25–27, 30, 35, 37, 38, 41, 44, 49, 51, 54, 58–60, 63, 65, 67, 69, 84, 86, 92, 93, 109, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 132, 133, 156–158, 163, 176, 185, 201, 203, 215, 218, 225, 242, 243, 250–253, 258, 259 Commander, 7, 11, 12, 19, 41, 50, 58, 60, 67, 68, 72, 73, 99, 120, 199, 202, 261 Fortifications, 11 Morale, 7, 8, 156 Tactics, 8 Transportation Section, 163 Units, supply of, 12 Tenth Army, 72 I Corps, 22, 24, 25, 44, 50, 66, 79, 84, 108, 116, 119, 121, 131, 154, 163, 201, 251, 253, 256, 259 Headquarters, 50 IX Corps, 22, 24–26, 44, 50, 58, 60, 62, 65–67, 72, 79, 80, 84, 86, 93–95, 99–102, 107–109, 118, 121, 126, 128, 130–132, 154, 201, 214, 253, 259 Commander, 60, 71, 79, 215 Command Post, 72 X Corps, 1, 5, 19, 21, 22, 24–26, 29, 45, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 79, 93, 94, 108, 120, 121, 125, 128, 131, 146, 149, 154, 158, 159, 161, 181, 199, 201, 206, 210, 212, 216, 218, 221, 224, 227, 253, 256, 259 Commander, 162 Command post, 19 Evacuation, 2, 5 XVIII Airborne Corps, 7 1st Cavalry Division, 8, 22, 65, 80, 86, 94–97, 102, 119, 121, 201 2d Infantry Division, 8, 19, 22, 25, 26, 62, 65, 66, 71, 72, 80, 119–121, 123, 125, 126, 128, 146, 159, 161, 168, 171, 173, 176, 180, 202, 253 Morale, 199 3d Infantry Division, 8, 14, 19, 22, 25, 121, 123, 144, 201, 253 7th Infantry Division, 8, 19, 22, 25, 66, 71, 72, 95, 121, 130, 144, 201, 217, 253 24th Infantry Division, 8, 22, 58, 59, 65, 107, 121, 201 25th Infantry Division, 8, 22, 41, 107, 121, 144, 201, 253, 254 40th Infantry Division, 253 45th Infantry Division, 253 2d Logistical Command, 12, 254 5th Cavalry Regiment, 119 7th Cavalry Regiment, 95, 97 8th Cavalry Regiment, 95, 97 9th Infantry Regiment, 126 17th Regimental Combat Team, 253 23d Regiment, 62, 168 35th Regiment, 51 38th Regiment, 126, 168 65th Regimental Combat Team, 253 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team, 22, 25, 66, 68, 86, 121, 128, 131, 133 17th Field Artillery Battalion, 122 92nd Armored Field Artillery Battalion, 66, 109 96th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, 122 196th Field Artillery Battalion, 171 987th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, 111, 114 92d U. S. Army Searchlight Company, 227 4th Ranger Company, 102 74th Truck Company, 66 U. S. Army Searchlight Company, 245

Artillery, 159, 176, 195 Army, 11, 59, 107, 116, 121, 210 Chinese Communist Forces, 70, 90, 134 Marine, 52, 69, 70, 74–76, 86, 92, 107, 114, 116, 125, 180, 183, 210, 218, 244 North Korea People’s Army, 180

Support, 78, 92, 93, 114, 130, 142, 148, 149, 178, 191, 195, 206, 220, 227

Atomic bomb, 37, 187

Australia, 24

Autrey, Maj Robert L., 103, 182, 199_n_

Averill, Maj Gerald P., 194_n_

BADGER Line, 157

_Badoeng Strait_ (CVE), USS, 1, 2, 15

BAKER, Phase Line, 86, 91, 92

Banning, LtCol Virgil W., 74, 91, 111, 117, 118

Barclay, Brig C. N., 116_n_

Barbed wire, 197, 232

_Bataan_ (CVL), USS, 1, 2, 14, 28, 35, 41, 46, 47, 89, 103, 146

Bates, Maj William L., 111

Batterton, Col Boeker C., 48

Baugh, Maj William E., 223

Bay of Masan, 2

Bayonet assault, 150

Bean Patch, 2, 3

Belgium, 24

Bell. _See_ Helicopters.

Belleau Wood, 118, 152

Berger, Carl, 160_n_, 171_n_

Bethel, Col Ion M., 235

Black, Capt Albert A., 215

Blakeney, Jane, 193_n_

Bofu, 33, 35, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 62

Bohannon, Capt Thomas J., 52, 111, 113, 116

Booby traps, 206

Borth, Maj Harold C., 181

Bougainville, 118

Bowser, Col Alpha L., 7, 18, 19, 60_n_, 62_n_, 94, 94_n_, 102, 102_n_, 107_n_, 120_n_

Boyd, Maj Vernon D., 235

Brice, BrigGen William O., 136

Bridges, 64, 102, 103 Enemy, 143 Floating, 102 Improvised, 74 Korean, 15 Sections, 64 Swiss bent, 74

Brown, Capt Leslie E., 15

Brown, Col Wilburt S., 126, 134, 134_n_, 148–150, 150_n_, 152, 152_n_, 157, 158

BROWN Line, 150, 151, 157

Brunelli, Col Austin R., 255

Buckingham, CWO Robert C., 170

Buckner, LtGen Simon Bolivar, 72

BUFFALO, Phase Line, 85, 92

Bugles, NKPA, 192, 217

Bunkers, 184, 191, 192, 194, 210, 217, 219, 221, 224, 230, 232, 242, 244, 245, 261 Chinese Communist Forces, 70, 75, 83, 91, 92 Enemy, 149 North Korean People’s Army, 141, 142, 182, 183, 191, 216, 220

Burchett, Wilford G., 247, 247_n_, 248

Burton, Col Custis, Jr., 179, 210, 232, 255

Bush, 2dLt Clayton O., 83, 83_n_

Bush, Maj Donald S., 63, 64, 134

Bushe, Capt Eugene A., 119

Butterfly bombs, USMC, 88

Byers, MajGen Clovis E., 162, 208

C Rations, 175

Cagle, LtCol Carl J., 181

CAIRO, Phase Line, 92, 93

Camel, 64

Cameras, 92 K-17 camera, 134

Camp Lejeune, 31, 167, 168, 234, 236

Camp Pendleton, 31

Camp Tripoli, 233, 243, 255

Canada, 24

Cargadores, 163, 173, 181, 190

Cargo ship, USN, 30

Carney, Maj Edgar F., Jr., 192, 193_n_

Cartier, Raymond, 155

Casualties, 210, 213, 220, 221, 238, 239, 243 Chinese Communist Forces, 38, 70, 75, 76, 79, 83, 84, 91, 116, 118, 121, 125–128, 131, 259 Eighth Air Force, 167 Enemy, 153, 202, 206, 210, 216, 220, 246, 259 Evacuating of, 165, 189, 190, 214 Korean Marine Corps, 55, 147, 159 IX Corps, 84 Non-Battle, 234 North Korean (NKPA), 51, 52, 57, 146, 180, 184, 194, 198, 210, 217, 220, 225, 228 X Corps, 84 United Nations, 34, 161, 202 United States, 60, 156 U. S. Marine Corps, 30, 49, 51, 57, 69, 70, 75, 76, 81, 83, 86, 91, 111, 116, 118, 125, 131, 133, 143, 150–152, 159, 173, 178, 180, 184, 186, 193, 194, 196, 199, 206, 210, 216, 218, 220, 246 Evacuation of, 164

Cates, Gen Clifton B., 232

Chachon-dong, 52

Chaegok-tong, 54

Chang, Gen, 109

Changhang, 216

Changwon, 3

Chechon, 26

Chiang Kai-shek, 36

Chidi San mountain mass, 3

China, Red, 261 Funds for war, 37 “Hate America” Campaign, 35, 36

Chinandong, 54

Chinese Civil War, 155

Chinese Communist Forces (CCF), 6, 58, 59, 85, 123, 128, 154 Air strike, 15 Armies, 45 Attack, 26 Bugle calls, 113 Concentration, 27 Counterstroke, 63 Entrenchments, 15, 248 Equipment, 39, 153 Gun positions, 15 Infiltration, 35 Logistical, 144 Morale, 155 Offensive, 11, 15, 19, 33, 107, 120–122, 126, 152, 164, 259 Fifth Phase, 103, 105, 121, 126, 155, 164 January, 19, 34, 41, 154 Sixth Phase, 178 Penetration, 21 Road block, 111 Shore batteries, 156 Soldier, 35 Strategy, 35, 80, 101 Strength figures, 218 Supply Dumps, 19 Lines, 41 Tactics, 35–38, 100, 248 Human Sea, 35 Troops, 27, 41, 50, 51, 170 Shelters, 15 Uniform, 35 YAK fighter, 103 Units 20th Army, 24, 101 24th Army, 24 26th Army, 24, 101 27th Army, 24 30th Army, 24 32d Army, 24 37th Army, 24 38th Army, 24 39th Army, 24, 66, 93, 101 40th Army, 24, 60, 66, 101, 106, 115 42d Army, 24, 101 48th Army, 24 49th Army, 24 50th Army, 24 65th Army, 24 66th Army, 24, 60, 66, 81, 93, 101 44th Division, 126 58th Division, 101 59th Division, 101 60th Division, 101 76th Division, 101 77th Division, 101 78th Division, 101 115th Division, 101 116th Division, 101 117th Division, 101 118th Division, 101 119th Division, 101 120th Division, 101, 106, 115 124th Division, 101 125th Division, 101 126th Division, 101 196th Division, 66, 81 197th Division, 81 198th Division, 81 358th Regiment, 106 359th Regiment, 115 360th Regiment, 115

Chinese Nationalists, 36

Chinhae, 2, 54

Chinju, 3

Chiso-dong, 52

Chodo-ri, 154

Choe, MajGen Am Lin, 146

Chogutan, 171

Chongja-dong, 52

Chon-San, 90

Chorwon, 95, 154, 201 Hwachon area, 27

Chosin, 70 Breakout, 3, 14, 101, 109, 234 Campaign, 6, 32, 38, 42, 45, 52, 57, 118, 257 Fighting, 8 Operation, 2, 5, 152, 168 Reservoir, 12, 66, 136, 152, 257 Withdrawal, 120

Christmas in Korea, 5

Chumunjin, 80

Chunchon, 8, 80, 94, 117, 119, 181, 215

Chunchon-Hongchon highway, 123

Chunchon-Wonju-Chechon corridor, 26

Chungju, 22, 26, 58, 60, 66, 67

Chipyong-ni, 71

Clark, Maj Albert L., 89

Clothing Camouflage, 228 Cold weather, 163, 221, 222

Coffey, Capt John, 109, 109_n_, 111, 111_n_, 113

Cole, LtCol Frank J., 46

Commander Naval Forces, Far East (Com NavFE), 5 _See_ VAdm C. Turner Joy, USN.

Communications, 137, 208 Air-ground, 260

Communist Cause, 3 Delaying tactics, 249 Photographers, 156, 157 Truce Team, 160

_Consolation_ (AH), USS, 57, 165

Cornwell, Maj Charles E., 240

Correspondents, at Hagaru, 6

Cotton, Capt James T., 215

Cowan, Cdr John S., 236

Craig, BrigGen Edward A., 2, 3_n_, 7, 8_n_, 12_n_, 21, 49, 57, 164

Cronin, Capt James T., 106, 106_n_

Cronk, Capt Welby D., 91

Culhane, Col Thomas A., Jr., 254_n_

Cushman, BrigGen Thomas J., 136

Daigh, 1stLt Harold D., 103

Davis, Maj Daniel H., 71

Davis, LtCol Raymond G., 107_n_, 123, 133

Delegates Communist, 171, 220, 225, 229, 233 Delaying tactics, 160 United States, 248, 249

DeLong, Capt Philip C., 103

Demolitions, 102

DEVASTATE BAKER, 96

Doriot, Col George F., 166, 167

Doyle, RAdm James H., 13, 14

DUCK, Line, 224, 229, 230

Edwards, LtCol Harry W., 189_n_, 199_n_, 207, 213, 222_n_

El Toro, California, 88, 188

England, 250

Equipment Eighth Army, 12 Shortages, 30 USMC, 12 Shortages, 11, 12 Worn, 13

Ethiopia, 24

Evacuation, 115 Casualties, 164, 165, 250 Hungnam, 5

Evans, LtCol Holly F., 114, 191, 210

Everest, MajGen Frank E., 136

Feeney, Maj James A., Jr., 46

Fenton, Capt Donald L., 170

Ferenbaugh, MajGen Claude F., 215

Fink, Maj Gerald, 223_n_

Fisher, Capt Don H., 52

Fisher, 1stLt Joseph R., 91

Flak traps, 143

Flares CCF, 113 Trip, 216

Flournoy, Col Walter N., 204, 232

_Flying Dutchman_ (legendary ship), 57

Fontana, LtCol Paul J., 46, 47, 62

Ford, Capt John, USNR, 6

Forward Air Controller (FAC), 17, 52, 71, 96, 97, 116, 142, 186, 206, 230

Forward Observers, 144

Forward OPs, 210

Fowler, Capt Delbert M., 102_n_

Frame, Maj Donald P., 46

France, 24, 65, 68, 246

Franklin, Benjamin, 251

Freeman, Col Paul, 62

French, 202

Fresh Rations, Marines, 5

Frostbite, 234, 235 Casualty, Medical, 57

Fulton, Capt Floyd K., 52

Gall, Maj Walter, 60, 83, 168

Garvin, BrigGen Crump, 12

Gases, 134

Gasoline, 32, 34, 72, 170, 190, 222

Gavin, Gen James M., 38, 38_n_

Gayle, LtCol Gordon D., 199_n_, 232, 254

Geiger, MajGen Roy S., 72

_General Darby_, USNS, 31

_General W. H. Gordon_, USS, 254

Glendinning, Maj James I., 74

Gomez, Pfc Edward, 193, 193_n_

Gorman, LtCol John E., 193, 193_n_, 204, 240

Gottschalk, Maj Vincent J., 14

Greece, 24, 99

Griffin, LtCol Louis C., 175, 183, 184

Groff, Capt Goodwin C., 91

Groves, Col Gould P., 158_n_, 159, 176_n_, 199_n_

Guadalcanal campaign, 118, 152

Guam, 32

Guerrillas, 36, 44, 203, 213, 222, 257, 258 Anti-, 241 Communist, 3 Communist Chinese Forces, 35, 44, 51 Enemy, 53, 57, 58 North Korean People’s Army, 26, 44, 45, 48, 51, 52, 55, 56

Gugeler, Capt Russell A., 111_n_, 116_n_

Haffey, Capt Eugene H., 107

Hagaru-ri, 6

Hager, Col Frank P., Jr., 199_n_, 227

Haiti, 118, 232

Hamhung, 6

Han River, 11, 25, 28, 50, 58, 59, 71, 108, 119, 122

Hangye, 130, 171

Hardwick, LtCol Gordon A., 166_n_, 234_n_, 235, 237_n_, 238_n_

Harper, 2dLt William E., 230

Harris, MajGen Field, 14, 15, 46, 48, 49, 50, 62, 78, 88, 89, 90, 135, 136

Harrison, LtCol Charles W., 54, 54_n_, 92, 93_n_, 102_n_, 146_n_, 158_n_

Hart, LtGen Franklin H., 232

Hawaii, 89

HAYS Line, 180, 182, 192, 204, 213

Hayward, Col Richard W., 130, 146, 148

Heely, LtCol Dale H., 191

Helicopter, 1, 14, 47, 72, 79, 111, 115, 135, 164, 165, 187–190, 207, 208, 211, 212, 214, 219, 220, 223, 240, 241, 250, 251, 257 Evacuating of casualties, 49, 56 Laying wire, 49 Lift, 211, 213 Troop, 207, 212 HO3S-1, 63, 164, 188 HTL, 59, 63, 164, 188

Helmets, steel, 166

Hemostat, 115

Hemphill, Col Bruce T., 199_n_, 227, 242_n_, 246_n_, 251_n_

Hering, Capt Eugene R. (MC), USNR, 57

Herring, LtCol George W., 188, 189, 207, 211, 213, 223

Hewitt, Maj Roy R., 96, 96_n_, 97

Hickman, Maj William T., 152_n_

Hicks, 1stLt Norman W., 115, 115_n_, 223_n_

Higgs, 1stLt Richard C., 207

Highways, 80 Coastal, 27 Japanese, 33 Traffic jams, 32

Hilian, Lt Donald L., (MC), USN, 215

Hill 201, 75

Hill 208, 75

Hill 246, 91

Hill 313, 105–107

Hill 321, 75

Hill 330, 92

Hill 333, 75

Hill 335, 75

Hill 356, 90

Hill 381, 92

Hill 399, 91

Hill 420, 151

Hill 428, 91

Hill 509, 105, 106

Hill 516, 144, 146

Hill 536, 75

Hill 549, 83

Hill 602, 173, 178, 179, 183

Hill 610, 141, 142

Hill 651, 141

Hill 673, 182–184, 194

Hill 680, 142, 173

Hill 692, 142

Hill 702, 173, 178, 211, 214

Hill 749, 182–184, 187, 190–194

Hill 751, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 216

Hill 755, 176

Hill 761, 157, 158

Hill 802, 150

Hill 812, 183, 194–198, 204, 230, 232, 243, 245. _See_ Kanmubong Ridge

Hill 854, 204, 206, 243, 245

Hill 883, 130

Hill 884, 203, 204, 206, 208, 210, 220, 240, 241. _See_ “Mount Helicopter”

Hill 902, 111

Hill 924, 173, 176, 178–180

Hill 930, 173, 176

Hill 951, 210

Hill 975, 93

Hill 980, 183, 194–197

Hill 1000, 173

Hill 1001, 159

Hill 1026, 173, 176, 179, 180

Hill 1042, 196

Hill 1051, 130

Hill 1052, 182, 183, 196–198, 216, 219

Hill 1100, 159

Hill 1122, 146, 147

Hill 1218, 146

Hill 1316, 146

Hire, LtCol Homer E., 144, 148

Hiroshima, 187

Hoengsong, 28, 60, 63, 66, 70, 72–74, 80–83, 89, 137, 170

Hoengsong-Hongchon road, 80, 81

Hoge, MajGen William H., 79, 111_n_

Holliday, Maj Morse L., 126

Hongchon, 72, 80, 86, 88, 90, 91, 94, 96, 120, 128, 176, 181

Hongchon-Hangye road, 171

Honsowetz, Col Russell E., 255

Hopkins, LtCol John L., 106_n_, 141

Hospital Clearing Station, 190 Japan, 12 Ships, 165

Horseshoe Ridge, 113, 115

Hovatter, 1stLt Eugenous M., 83

Howard, LtCol Harold C., 241

Hughes, James J., 230

Hungnam, 2 Beachhead, 2 Evacuation of, 2, 5 Redeployment, 1, 8, 13, 14, 65

Hwachon, 45, 102, 105, 109, 122, 201 Reservoir, 27, 96, 102, 119, 128, 131, 148, 260

Hwanggi, 182

Illinois Wesleyan University, 118

Imjin, 26, 27, 107, 108, 116, 154, 201 River, 73, 79

Inchon, 27, 28, 30, 47, 50, 51, 59, 63, 80, 254, 256 Evacuation of, 28 Landing, 1, 63, 257

Inchon-Seoul, 118 Operation, 2, 44, 135, 168

_Indianapolis_ (CA), USS, 232

Inje, 128, 133, 147, 161, 168, 171, 175, 181, 187, 215

Inje-Kansong road, 128

Innovations, 257 Body armor, 239 Helicopter, 164, 240 Tactical, 165, 251

Iron Triangle, 95, 101, 107, 143, 154

Irwin, Capt John R., 242

Itami, 2, 28, 29, 32, 48, 49, 63, 89

Itazuke, 1, 33, 49, 50, 63

Iwo Jima, 152, 187

Japan, 1, 12, 33, 50

JAMESTOWN, Line, 253, 256

Johnson, Capt Horace L., 111

Johnston Island, 32

Jones, Capt Jack R., 52, 68

Jones, Maj Jack R., 53_n_

JOC (FAF-EUSAK Joint Operations Center), 17, 27, 45, 47, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 78, 81, 96, 135–138, 258, 260 Air Control, 67, 76, 97, 135

Joy, VAdm C. Turner (ComNavFE), 5, 14, 155, 157, 157_n_, 160, 160_n_, 161, 161_n_, 221_n_, 223_n_, 248_n_, 249_n_

Junks, enemy, 15

_Jutlandia_, Danish Hospital Ship, 85, 156

Kaesong, 154, 156, 157, 160, 171, 180, 220, 222, 247, 248

Kangnung, 171, 185

Kanmubong Ridge, 183, _See_ Hill 812.

KANSAS Line, 94, 95, 99, 108, 115, 116, 118, 141, 147, 148, 150–153, 162, 168, 175, 176, 178, 179, 182, 233

Kansong, 128, 187

Kelly, LtCol Bernard T., 123, 125_n_, 135, 135_n_, 175, 175_n_, 176_n_, 179, 183

Kelly, LtCol James G., 176, 183, 184, 199_n_, 216

Kelly, Capt John L., 141

Kelsey, LtCol John V., 191

Kennedy, LtCol Donald R., 91, 194

Kerrigan, 1stLt William E., 68, 68_n_, 141

Kihss, Peter, 153_n_

Kim, Col Dae Shik, 204

Kim, Col Dong Ha, 106, 227

Kim, 1stLt SikTong, 93

Kim, Col Sung Eun, 54

Kimpo, 253 Peninsula, 119, 201, 254, 255

Kingsley, J. Donald, 153

Kirby-Smith, Maj Ephraim, 207

Kirkpatrick, Capt Louis P., (MC), USN, 166_n_

Knapp, LtCol Horace E., Jr., 193_n_

Kobe, 30, 62, 143

Kopas, Capt William T., 141

Korea, 1 North North Korean People’s Army (NKPA) 52, 53. 55, 85, 154 Irregulars, 258 Morale, 53 Soldiers, 55 Strategy, 196 Strength figures, 218 Troops, 132, 147, 152, 170, 184, 185, 260 Units I Corps, 24 II Corps, 51, 173, 182 III Corps, 182, 217 V Corps, 24, 60, 132 1st Division, 24, 182, 217, 218, 228 2d Division, 182, 217 3d Division, 24 10th Division, 44, 45, 48, 56, 57 12th Division, 132, 146 15th Division, 24, 217, 218, 224, 228 19th Division, 218, 224 45th Division, 228 47th Division, 224, 228 6th Regiment, 173 25th Regiment, 44, 55 27th Regiment, 44, 55 29th Regiment, 44 41st Regiment, 151 91st Regiment, 244

Korea, South Republic of Korea, 3, 11 Army (ROKA), 3, 19, 26, 54, 73, 108, 116, 163, 206 Units I Corps, 22, 108, 121, 123, 128, 154, 202, 215, 253 II Corps, 22 III Corps, 22, 25, 26, 121, 123 Civil Transport Corps, 86, 162, 163, 181 Korean Service Corps, 181 Capital Division, 22, 58, 121, 202, 253 1st Division, 22, 24, 84, 121, 201, 251, 253 2d Division, 22, 25, 27, 57, 201, 253 3d Division, 22, 72, 121, 202, 216, 253 5th Division, 22, 25, 121, 123, 180, 202, 211, 253 6th Division, 22, 65, 66, 74, 97, 99, 101, 105–109, 116, 120, 121, 201, 253 7th Division, 22, 108, 121, 123, 148, 202, 253 8th Division, 22, 25, 176, 182, 201–204, 253, 255 9th Division, 22, 121, 253 11th Division, 121, 202, 203, 213, 253 5th Regiment, 148, 149 10th Regiment, 204 11th Regiment, 207 21st Regiment, 204, 206 National Guard, 86, 163 Soldiers, Lack of training, 24 Marine Corps (KMC), 54, 93, 94, 102, 105, 106, 109, 113, 117, 126, 146–148, 150–152, 158, 159, 162, 171, 176, 178–181, 183, 243, 254, 260 1st Regiment, 54, 58, 73, 92–95, 101, 102, 106, 120, 126, 130, 146, 147, 158, 159, 162, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 198, 204, 210, 218, 224, 227, 246, 253, 254 1st Battalion, 54, 55, 105, 146, 159, 176, 178 2d Battalion, 55, 93, 146, 176, 178–180, 216 3d Battalion, 54, 93, 146, 176, 178 5th Battalion, 55, 201 1st Korean Artillery Battalion, 227 Diet, 54 Police, 3, 52, 53

Korean entertainers, 5

Korean War, police action, 7

Koto-ri, 6

Koutsandreas, 2dLt John D., 230

Krisky, Corpsman R. E., 57

Krulak, Col Victor H., 189, 199_n_, 213, 250_n_

Kumhwa, 95, 143, 154, 201

Kumsong, 154

Kunsamma Pass, 81

Kurdziel, LtCol Edward G., 184_n_, 241

Kyongju, 19, 22, 29, 30, 42

Kyongju-Yungchon-Uisong road, 42

La Hue, LtCol Foster C., 190, 206

Lavoie, LtCol Leon F., Jr., 66, 109, 115

Lawrence, Capt George E., 216

Lee, Maj Gen Ban Nam, 45, 51, 53

Lejeune, MajGen John A., 72

Lewis, LCdr Frederick J. (MSC), USN, 165, 167, 168, 236, 237, 237_n_

ICELAND, Line, 233

Litters, 188

Litzenberg, MajGen Homer L., 64_n_

Logistics, 72, 73, 180, 182, 215, 258. _See_ Supplies.

Long, Capt Edwin B., 170

_Los Angeles_ (CA), USS, 219

Lund, Maj Arnold A., 15, 27, 46

Lundin, Maj William M., 15, 46

Mabry, Maj Clarence J., 148

MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas, 5, 8, 8_n_, 14, 33, 50, 68, 91, 92 Recall of, 99

MacDonald, Maj J. Angus, 222_n_, 223_n_

MacIntyre, LtCol Neil R., 15

Mago-ri, 218

Main line of resistance (MLR), 21, 122, 157–159, 180, 203, 204, 211–218, 220, 221, 223, 224, 229, 231, 232, 238, 240, 243, 245, 250, 253, 259–261

Main Supply Route (MSR), 29, 30, 38, 42, 44, 67, 80, 91, 123 Hongchon-Chunchon, 119

Malik, Jacob, Foreign Minister of the USSR, 154

Manchuria, 85, 160

Mao Tse-tung, 36, 128, 155

Marine Corps, U. S. Role in Korea, 6, 32 Units Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 12, 31, 241 1st Air Delivery Platoon, 241 1st Combat Service Group, 3, 241 1st 4.5 Rocket Battalion, 119, 227 Battery C, 119 7th Motor Transport Battalion, 3, 30, 60, 181, 255 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, 1, 14, 29, 32, 33, 33_n_, 34, 45, 46, 50, 56, 62, 63, 67, 71, 78, 84, 88, 89, 96, 103, 116, 120, 125, 131, 134–138, 143, 146, 164, 169, 170, 185, 203, 219, 249, 260, 261 Commanding Officer, 257 Headquarters Squadron, 63 Marine Air Control Group-2, 90 Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron-1, 1, 89, 90 Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron-3, 90 Marine Tactical Air Control Squadron-2, 1, 2, 89, 96 Air Defense Section, 89 Marine Aircraft Group 12, 33, 35, 46, 48, 56, 60, 81, 83, 137, 170, 171, 185 Marine Aircraft Group 33, 2, 33_n_, 34, 45–48, 56, 62, 81, 96 Service Squadron 33, 46 HMR-161, 187–190, 207, 208, 213–215, 217, 222, 240–242 HMX-1, 164, 187, 188, 223 HRS-1, 188, 189, 107, 211, 212, 214 MASRT-1, 186 VMF-152, 31, 32 VMF-212, 1, 13, 14, 27, 28, 35, 41, 46, 47, 89, 108 VMF-214, 1, 13, 15, 28, 29, 46, 48, 62, 91, 92, 96, 107, 137, 141, 142, 144, 150, 185 VMF-311, 1, 15, 28, 29, 49, 63, 64, 95, 96, 148 VMF-312, 46, 47, 50, 62, 71, 89, 103, 146, 185 VMF-323, 1, 14, 15, 27–29, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 92, 107, 108, 137, 144, 146 VMF-352, 31 VMF(N)-513, 1, 49, 52, 55, 63, 89, 131, 138, 150, 170 VMF(N)-542, 1, 46, 49, 50, 63, 88 VMO-6, 1, 14, 49, 50, 56, 104, 107, 111, 115, 116, 125, 134, 135, 142, 164, 165, 187–189, 206, 223, 229, 258 VMR-152, 31, 32, 46, 89 VMR-352, 31 I Marine Amphibious Corps, 118, 232 1st Provisional Marine Brigade 2, 95, 160, 164, 188 1st Marine Division, 1, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 29–31, 34, 35, 38, 42, 44, 48–50, 54, 56–60, 65–67, 72, 76, 78, 80, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92–96, 99, 101, 105, 108, 109, 111, 113, 117, 118, 120–123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 132–135, 137, 138, 142–144, 146, 147, 152, 157, 159, 161, 164, 168, 169, 171, 173, 176, 180–182, 184–186, 192, 194, 198, 202–204, 208, 211, 212, 215–219, 221, 227, 228, 231–233, 236, 242, 249, 253, 254, 256–261 Assembly area at Masan, 2, 17 Administrative headquarters at Masan, 1, 22 Commander, 22, 260 Command Posts, 21, 22, 34, 42, 68, 78, 79, 244, 251, 255, 256 EUSAK Control, 5 Equipment, Shortage of, 12 Fresh rations, 5 Headquarters, 3, 5 Hospital, 3 Military Police Company, 3 Morale, 7, 199 Personnel, Shortage of, 11 Reconnaissance Company, 3, 56, 60, 66, 83, 103, 105, 108, 161, 168, 176, 182, 192, 207, 208, 210, 213, 217 Security Measures, 3 Strength figures, 11, 12 1st Marines, 30, 34, 42, 51, 54, 60, 66, 68–75, 81, 83, 86, 90–94, 101, 105, 117, 120, 125, 126, 130, 134, 144, 146–152, 157, 171, 176, 182, 186, 187, 190, 191, 193, 194, 204, 210, 211, 215, 218, 219, 224, 227, 229, 243, 255 Commanding Officer, 255 Command Post, 157, 208 Antitank Company, 149 1st Battalion, 51, 69, 70, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113–117, 119, 148–150, 187, 192, 193, 197, 204, 210, 216, 217, 240 Command Post, 114 Company A, 111 Company B, 111 Company C, 51, 70, 111, 113, 115, 216 Weapons Company, 111 2d Battalion, 55, 69, 75, 83, 90, 117, 119, 144, 148–150, 187, 189–193, 197, 204, 211, 213, 215, 220 Commanding Officer, 150, 189 Command Post, 190 Company D, 91 Company E, 91, 92, 211 Company F, 91, 92, 193 3d Battalion, 44, 55, 74, 75, 81, 91, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 144, 148, 150, 157, 158, 186, 191–194, 204, 206, 210, 217, 229 Company G, 83, 111, 114 Company H, 111, 114, 206, 229–231 Company I, 91, 111, 114, 230, 231 Weapons Company, 74, 111 5th Marines, 2, 5, 42, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 62, 66–70, 72, 73, 81, 92–95, 101, 105, 106, 109, 113, 117, 120, 126, 130, 133, 137, 141, 146–148, 161, 168, 171, 175, 176, 179, 182, 192, 194, 204, 213–215, 218, 219, 224, 227, 232, 236, 243, 255, 260 1st Battalion, 54, 68–70, 94, 106, 141, 175, 194, 195, 197, 204, 220, 228, 241 Command Post, 105 Company A, 141, 142 Company B, 107, 141, 228 Company C, 52, 68, 141 2d Battalion, 54, 70, 94, 130, 141, 148, 194–197, 223 Company D, 130, 194, 196 Company F, 106, 194–197 Weapons Company, 196 3d Battalion, 69, 70, 91, 94, 119, 126, 130, 148, 178, 194–196 7th Marines, 42, 51, 52, 54, 55, 62, 66, 72–75, 81, 83, 86, 91, 92, 94–97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 125, 126, 130, 133, 137, 141, 144, 146, 151, 152, 161, 171, 175, 176, 180, 182, 183, 186, 192, 204, 213–215, 218, 224, 227, 243, 255 Commanding Officer, 255 Command Post, 175 Outpost, 133 1st Battalion, 52, 75, 88, 91, 106, 107, 111, 117, 151, 176, 178, 179, 183, 184, 187, 213, 216, 241 Command Post, 51, 91 Company A, 51, 52, 83 Company C, 107, 216 2d Battalion, 52, 74, 75, 78, 90, 111, 117, 130, 151, 175, 176, 180, 183, 184, 187, 190, 191, 208, 213, 238, 241 Company F, 190 3d Battalion, 52, 74, 75, 78, 90, 96, 97, 111, 113–115, 117, 119, 123, 125, 135, 151, 157, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 184, 187, 213, 214, 244 Company G, 123, 151, 179, 184 Company H, 175, 179, 183, 184 Company I, 125, 151, 183, 184 11th Marines, 3, 42, 54, 56, 68, 75, 81, 84, 114, 122, 149, 171, 179, 182, 189, 191, 192, 210, 215, 218, 225, 227, 242, 245, 254, 260 1st Battalion, 141, 179, 228, 254 2d Battalion, 70, 134, 149, 171, 191 3d Battalion, 92, 161, 171, 179 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 1, 3 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion, 254 1st Engineer Battalion, 3, 34, 42, 102 Company C, 191 Company D, 88 1st Motor Transport Battalion, 3, 30, 181, 255 1st Ordnance Battalion, 3, 34, 42, 181, 230 1st Signal Battalion, 3 1st Service Battalion, 3, 34, 42 1st Shore Party Battalion, 3, 189, 207, 211, 213, 241 1st Tank Battalion, 3, 34, 42, 62, 176, 210, 218, 245, 255 Company A, 81, 114 Company B, 62, 92, 114 Company C, 133, 141 H & S Company, 62 _See also_ Replacement Drafts and Rotation Drafts. 2d Marine Division, 167

Marks, LtCol Alfred H., 227

Marquez, Cpl Leo, 113, 114

Marshall, Col S. L. A., 6

Martin, LtCol Glen E., 106

Martin, Cpl Paul G., 103, 104_n_

Masan, 1–3, 5–7, 12–14, 18, 19, 22, 29, 30, 34, 89, 257

Massacre Valley, 70

Matthewson, 1stLt Robert E., 115

Mayer, Capt Franklin B., 70, 70_n_

McAlister, Col Francis M, 42_n_, 52_n_, 66, 105, 114, 117, 126

McClelland, LtCol Robert K., 90, 91, 148

McCutcheon, Col Keith B., 199_n_, 223, 240, 241, 242

McDonald, Capt Charles W., 228

McElroy, Capt John W., USNR, 165

McFarland, Maj David W., 107, 134, 134_n_, 223

McGahn, 2dLt Patrick T., 106, 106_n_

McGill, Col Robert A., 254

McGrew, Capt David G., Jr., 166_n_, 235, 238, 238_n_, 239

McGuire’s University School, 231

McMahon, Capt John R., 216

McRay, Capt H. G., 115

McReynolds, LtCol William, 92, 179

MELLOW, Code Name, 17. _See_ JOC.

Meuse-Argonne offensive, 118

Meyerhoff, Col Wilbur F., 74_n_, 107_n_, 109_n_, 131_n_, 151

Michener, James, 257_n_

MIG Alley, 65

Mills, 1stLt Niel B., 109_n_, 115

Milne, LtCol Harry T., 62_n_, 114

Mine fields, 130, 191, 230, 261 NKPA, 184

Mines, 130, 151, 178, 197, 206, 211, 224 Antipersonnel, 211, 236 Enemy, 206 Friendly, 206

MINNESOTA Line, 213, 217, 219, 227,229, 232, 251

Miryang, 22

_Missouri_ (BB), USS, 27

Mitchell, 1stLt Weldon R., 64

Mitchell, LtCol William P., 188, 199_n_, 207, 213, 214, 223, 241

Mojin, 119

Mongolian horses, 64

Montross, Lynn, 164_n_, 187_n_, 207_n_

Moore, MajGen Bryant E., 60, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72

Morae-Kogae, 123

Moscow, 99

Mount Helicopter, 220. _See_ Hill 884.

_Mount McKinley_ (AGC), USS, 14

Mountain warfare, 138

Mukkye-dong, 51

Munsan, 8, 220

Munsan-ni, 201, 255

Murray, Col James C., 155_n_, 160_n_

Myers, Maj Reginald R., 117, 118

Naktong, Battle of, 2

Nam Il, Gen, 157, 160

Napoleon, 73

Native laborers, 11

Naval Medical Field Research Laboratory, 167, 169, 234, 236, 237

Naval gunfire, 13, 50, 119, 143, 210, 219, 220, 244

Navy, U. S., 5, 28, 34, 135, 138, 167, 234 Role in Korea, 6 Units Naval Forces Far East, 5 Commander, (ComNavFE), _See_ VAdm C. Turner Joy. Fleet Logistics Air Wing, 31, 32 Seventh Fleet, 142 Tactical Air Control Squadron-1, 14 Tactical Air Control Squadron-3, 27, 28 Task Force 77, 14, 27 Task Force 90, 13 Commander, 13. _See also_ RAdm J. H. Doyle. Task Group 95.1, 15 Escort Carrier Task Group 96.8, 2, 27, 28 Western Deployment Group, 28 _See_ RAdm Lyman A. Thackrey. Mobile Construction Battalion 2 (Seabees), 34, 35, 45, 46 VR-5, 31 VR-9, 31 VR-21, 32

Netherlands, 24, 202

New Britain operation, 232

_New Jersey_ (BB), USS, 210, 217, 220

New Zealand, 24

Nicaragua, 150

Nickerson, Col Herman, Jr., 107_n_, 109_n_, 114, 114_n_, 123, 133, 144, 151, 183

Nicolay, Maj Stanley S., 46

Nihart, LtCol Franklin B., 187, 190, 191, 199_n_, 204, 211, 246_n_, 257_n_

Nolan, 2dLt Harvey W., 106

NO NAME Line, 120, 122, 125, 126

Noon, Col Thomas J., 33_n_

Norton, LtCol Kirt W., 220, 223, 228, 241

Objective 1, 176, 178

Objective 2, 176, 179, 230, 231

Objective 3, 176, 180, 231

Objective ABLE, 182, 183. _See also_ Hill 673.

Objective BAKER, 182–184, 192, 193. _See also_ Hill 749.

Objective CHARLIE, 182, 198

Objective DOG, 194, 196

Objective YOKE, 176, 180

Okinawa, 72, 167

O’Neill, LtCol John T., 254

Operation BLACKBIRD, 211, 212

Operation BUMBLEBEE, 214, 241

Operation BUSHBEATER, 217

Operation CHANGIE-CHANGIE, 241

Operation CLAM-UP, 242–244

Operation FAREWELL, 223

Operation HOUSEBURNER I, 217

Operation HOUSEBURNER II, 217

Operation KILLER, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 76, 79, 258

Operation LITTLE SWITCH, 223

Operation MIXMASTER, 251, 256

Operation MOUSETRAP, 241

Operation MULETRAIN, 240

Operation ROTATE, 241

Operation ROUNDUP, 51, 59

Operation RIPPER, 73, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88, 93, 258

Operation RUGGED, 94

Operation SEA LION, 250

Operation STRANGLE, 143, 144, 169, 185, 186, 249, 260, 261

Operation SUMMIT, 207, 208, 213

Operation SWITCH, 219

Operation THUNDERBOLT, 50, 51, 59

Operation WEDGE, 215

Operation WINDMILL I, 189, 190

Operation WINDMILL II, 190, 197

Operation WOLFHOUND, 41

Operations Research Office of Johns Hopkins University, 6

Outpost, 244 Line of Resistance, 122, 238

Ord, Capt James B., 229, 229_n_, 230, 231

Osan, 26

Oum Mountain, 80

Oum San, 83

Ozuki, 33

Paekcha-dong, 55

Pafford, LtCol George G., 213

Parka, 69, 75

Parkins, Capt Clarence W., 57

Parry, LtCol Sherman W., 228

Partridge, MajGen Earle E., 14, 49, 78, 88_n_, 135, 136, 136_n_

Partridge, Col John H., 73_n_, 102, 102_n_

Patrols, 91, 102, 104, 117, 122, 179, 182, 210, 213, 218–220, 222, 224, 225, 228, 229, 232, 238, 242–244, 249, 258 Aggressive tactics, 11 Air, 49, 50 Ambush, 220, 228, 244 Bases, 157–159 Concept, 158 Chinese Communist Forces, 11 Coastal, British, 28 Enemy, 224 1st Marines, 70 1st ROK Division, 84 Foot, 215, 224 C/1/5, 52 Helicopter, 222 Jungle, 232 Marine, 53, 56, 70 Motor, 49, 88, 103 Reconnaissance, 67, 148, 158, 244 Rice paddy, 257 RCT-7, 53 Sea, 50 3/1, 44 United States, 66, 70, 83 United States Army, 3, 26

Panel markings, 115

Panmunjom, 220, 221, 224, 225, 229, 233, 247, 249

Patterson, Capt Russell G., Jr., 47

Pearson, Capt John A., 130

Pearl Harbor, 166

Peleliu, 232

PENDLETON, Phase Line, 109, 111

Pentagon, 11

People’s Tribunal, China, 36

Pershing, Gen John J., 166

Philippines, 24

Photo laboratory, 135

Pierce, Maj Herbert E., 256

Piner, Sgt William, 106

Plans and Orders EUSAK Operation Plan 20, 25 Operation Instruction (OI)-272, 253 IX Corps Operation Plan 17, 120 X Corps Operation Instruction 235, 203 1st Marine Division Operation Order 1-51, 30, 34 Operation Order 2-51, 30, 34 Operation Order 3-51, 42, 44 Operation Order 4-51, 54 Operation Order 5-51, 60 Operation Order 6-51, 66 Operation Order 22-51, 176 Operation Order 23-51, 182 Operation Order 25-51, 192, 194 Operation Order 26-51, 198 Operation Order 27-51, 204, 206 Operation Order 50-51, 219 Operation Order 2-52, 253 Operation Order 8-52, 255 Training Order 2-51, 161

Planes, Marine, 219. _See also_ Aircraft.

Pohang, 21, 30–34, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51, 54, 62, 66

Pohang-Andong, 50

Pohangdong, 19

Pohang-Kyongju road, 42

Pohang-Kyongju-Andong MSR, 42, 44, 49

Police action, Korean War, 7

Political commissars, NKPA, 132

Political indoctrination of the CCF soldier, 36

Polgrean, Maj Edward R., 223

Port of debarkation, Pusan, 18

Pratt, LtCol Spencer H., 229–231

_Princeton_ (CV), USS, 122

Prisoners, 56, 222, 229, 243 Chinese Communist Forces, 100, 101, 103, 131, 249, 260 Interrogations, 19, 22 NKPA, 44, 45, 57, 132 UN, 222, 223 of War (POWs), 151, 176 American, 222 Exchange, 249 Interrogations, 53, 100, 134, 182

Press correspondents, 6, 35, 239, 247

Privateers, 138

Propaganda, 156, 157, 222, 233 Chinese, 104, 249 Chinese Communist Forces, 134

Psychological warfare, 215, 233

Pukhan, 102, 109, 111, 115, 119 River, 117, 122, 201 Valley, 102

Puller, Col Lewis B., 52_n_, 57, 60, 67, 68, 72, 76, 78, 79

Punchbowl, 141, 154, 158, 173, 176, 180, 182, 185, 211, 228, 260

Pusan, 2, 8, 12, 15, 19, 22, 46, 49, 62, 90, 95, 108, 185, 215 Air Force Field at, 1 Perimeter, 164 Port of debarkation, 18 Withdrawal to, 8

Pyongchang, 51

Pyonggang, 143

Pyongtaek, 26

Pyongyang, 95, 248

Pyongyang-Chinnanpo, 103

Quantico, Virginia, 164, 223, 234

QUANTICO, Phase Line, 95, 99

Quilici, LtCol Clifford E., 220

Quinlan, John F., 237

Radford, Adm Arthur H., 31, 32

Radio, 36, 68, 116, 168, 190, 195, 231 CCF/NKPA, 51 Trouble in Jets, 28

Rail, 89 Traffic jams, 32 Transportation, 60

Railhead at Munsan-ni, 254

Railroads, enemy, 143

Railway system, South Korea, 33 Tunnels, North Korea, 15

Randazzo, TSgt Carmelo J., 74

Rations, 170, 181, 222 USMC, 54

Reavis, 1stLt William A., 241

Reconnaissance, 229

Redalen, Capt Dwail L., 164

Refrigeration ship, UN, 5

Refugees, 13, 25, 153

Reisler, 2dLt Joseph M., 105, 105_n_, 113

Replacement Drafts, USMC, 6, 31 14th Replacement Draft, 219 15th Replacement Draft, 224 18th Replacement Draft, 254 19th Replacement Draft, 254

Replacements, 258 Airborne, 32 Chinese Communist Forces, 38 U. S., 42 U. S. M. C., 18, 31, 32, 48, 49, 57, 89, 214

Reusser, Maj Kenneth L., 27

Reynolds, Maj Walter E., Jr., 245

Rhee, President Syngman, 11, 25

Rice paddy patrols, 48, 52, 57. _See also_ Patrols.

Ridgway, LtGen Matthew B., 6, 7, 7_n_, 8, 10, 11, 11_n_, 19, 22, 24, 25, 25_n_, 26, 29, 30, 38, 38_n_, 41, 42, 45, 51, 58, 59, 59_n_, 60, 62_n_, 65, 68, 72, 73, 79, 84, 86, 91, 93–95, 99, 108, 115, 136, 160, 258, 261, 261_n_ Declaration of Faith, 10 Moral Leadership, 10 Strategy, 35 Tactics, 11

Ringblom, Maj Allan H., 223

Roach, Maj Maurice E., 74, 113, 117

Road Andong-Yongdok, 30 Center at Yanggu, 133 Networks, 143 Traffic, 143 Transportation, 60

Roadblocks, U. S., 24

Roads, 48, 66, 73, 86, 95, 123, 143, 163, 181

Roberts, Col Deane C., 32, 46, 89

Rockey, 2dLt William K., 211

Rooney, Col John T., 107_n_, 109_n_, 151

Rotation draft, USMC, 57 10th Rotation Draft, 219 11th Rotation Draft, 219 12th Rotation Draft, 224 27th Rotation Draft, 219

Rubber boats, 102

Ruble, RAdm Richard W., 27

Russia, 160 Soviet, 37, 261

Saipan, 187

Samchok, 26, 58

Samgo-ri, 55

Sangyong, 54

Sapyong-ni, 99

Sawyer, Maj Webb D., 88, 88_n_, 91, 106

Schening, 1stLt Richard J., 53

Schilt, MajGen Christian F., 219

Schmuck, LtCol Donald M., 70, 149

Scott, 1stLt John L., 56

See, 2dLt Milo J., 229

Selden, MajGen John T., 199_n_, 231, 234_n_, 236, 243, 255

Seoul, 19, 22, 24, 28, 47, 50, 51, 59, 66, 73, 79, 84, 107, 108, 119, 123, 137, 170, 242, 253, 254, 259 Evacuation of, 25 Historic invasion route, 253 UN Airfield at, 29

Sexton, Capt Martin J., 19

Shepherd, Gen Lemuel C., Jr., 31, 76, 76_n_, 78, 78_n_, 96, 96_n_, 135, 136, 208, 232

Ships LSD, 256 LST, 254–256 LST 898, 34, 42 LST 914, 34, 42 _See also_ Ship by name.

Shoes, 114 Lace, 68

Show, Gen Shin Kwai, 81

_Sicily_ (CVE), USS, 2, 15, 146

Sikorsky. See Helicopters.

Simmons, Maj Edwin H., 74, 74_n_, 111, 113_n_

Sinhung, 34, 42

Smedley, Maj Kenneth C., 223, 229

Smith, Corpsman E. N., 115

Smith, Capt Jack A., 91

Smith, Capt Samuel S., 130

Smith, MajGen Oliver P., 3_n_, 5, 5_n_, 6, 12_n_, 18, 18_n_, 19, 19_n_, 21, 22_n_, 29, 30, 30_n_, 45, 45_n_, 50, 54_n_, 56, 56_n_, 57_n_, 58, 58_n_, 60_n_, 66, 67, 68, 68_n_, 72, 79, 91, 92, 92_n_, 94, 94_n_, 99, 106, 106_n_, 118, 118_n_, 257

Smoke, 116 Screen, 93 Shells, 134

Snedeker, Col Edward W., 8_n_, 21, 109_n_

Sniper, 215 Fire, 92, 229

Sniping, 196, 232 NKPA, 49

Snows, 69, 228, 230, 234

So-chon River, 151, 158

Sohwari, 175

Soissons, 118

Sokcho-ri, 215, 254, 256

Som River, 66, 74

South Africa, 24

Soyang, 119, 128, 130, 175 Bridgehead, 128 River, 94, 117, 146, 150, 173, 197, 216, 217, 230 Valley, 175, 181, 182

Stamm, Col John F., 199_n_, 235, 246_n_

Steiner, Col William B., 31

Stewart, James T., 131_n_, 169_n_

Stewart, LtCol Joseph L., 69, 69_n_, 94, 95_n_

Stiff, LtCol Houston, 194, 195

Stoyanow, Capt Victor, 125

_St. Paul_ (CA), USS, 50, 224, 244

Strategy Effect of tire truce talks, 161 Limited war, 36, 37, 38 Nuclear war, 36, 37, 38

Stratemeyer, LtGen George E., 14, 33, 136

Strongholds, CCF, 71

Struble, VAdm Arthur D., 27

Supplies, 72, 95, 144, 147, 154, 170, 171, 176, 181, 187, 189, 190, 220, 222, 241, 243 _See_ Logistics. Dumps, 119, 219 U. S., 30, 62, 95 USMC, 48, 113

Surrender message, 55

Survival suits, 47

Sutter, LtCol Allan, 75

Suwon, 22, 41, 50, 51 UN Airfield at, 29

Swanson, 1stLt William, 111

Tactical Air Control Center (TACC), 17

Tactical Air Control Party (TACP), 17, 26, 137

Tactical Air Controller (Airborne) (TACA), 97

Tactical Air Coordinator, Airborne (TACA), 17, 116

Tactics, 10, 258 Advantage, 169 Aggressive patrolling, 11 CCF, 83, 138 Delaying, 258 Eighth Army, 8 Firepower, 11 Marine Corps, 138, 260 NKPA, 192 Plan of Attack, 8 Ridgway, 11

Taeam-san, 141, 146, 147

Taegu, 14, 29, 44, 58, 60, 64

Taejon, 44, 90

Taeu-san, 158, 159

Tanks, 83, 131, 191, 245 British Centurion, 25 Column, USA, 62 Fake, CCF, 103 Infantry patrols, 151 Support, 138 US, 121 USMC, 68, 70, 75, 83, 92, 104, 114, 117, 122, 125, 130, 133, 219

Tanyang, 44

Task Force Puller, 52

Taylor, Gen Maxwell D., 38, 38_n_

Taylor, Capt Richard M., 133, 141

Telephone, 158, 208 Wire, 36, 71, 74

Thailand, 24

Thackrey, RAdm Lyman A., 27, 28

Thermal boots, 231, 234–236, 240, 250, 251 Innovations, 234

Thermopylae, 128

_Theseus_, HMS, 28, 29, 46

Thirty-eighth Parallel, 8, 15, 45, 79, 220, 258

Thirty-ninth Parallel, 15

Thomas, MajGen Gerald C., 118, 120, 133, 133_n_, 137, 147, 150, 151, 158, 158_n_, 186, 186_n_, 189, 197, 199_n_, 207, 208, 211, 217, 228, 231, 246_n_

Tierney, Elizabeth L., 164_n_

Timberlake, MajGen Edward J., 136

Tim, Col Tai Shik, 159

Tinsley, LtCol James H., 119_n_, 232, 246_n_

Todun-ni, 111

_Toledo_ (CA), USS, 217

Tongchon, proposed landing at, 132

Tongchon-Kumhwa road, 132

Tonpyong, 176

Topyong-dong, 52, 55

Transportation, 36, 46, 89 Highways, 47 Human, 181 Motor, 42, 163, 181 Motor lift, 42 Railroads, 47 Roads, 36 Trains, 44 Water lift, 42 _See_ Logistics.

Treasure Island, 31

Trenches, 217, 232, 246, 248 Marine, 243 Warfare, 232

Trompeter, Maj Joseph D., 117, 118

Truce, 160 Talks, 154–156, 161, 163, 171, 180, 222, 233, 247–249, 261

Truman, President Harry S., 5, 37, 99

Tsuika, 33

Tucker, LtCol Roy A., 111_n_

Tundong-ni, 171

Turkey, 24

Typhus, 53

Uihung, 30

Uijongbu, 84

Uisong, 30, 42, 44, 49, 52, 54

Uisong-Andong road, 42

Ulsan, 8

United Kingdom, 24

United Nations (UN), 29, 156 Delegates, 156, 160, 220, 229, 233 Forces, 24, 35, 60, 80, 126, 154, 161, 163 Commander, 257 Strength figures, 85, 218 Truce Team, 160

Units British Commonwealth 1st Commonwealth Division, 71, 116, 119, 201, 253 27th Brigade, 22, 65, 107, 116, 121 29th Brigade, 22, 116, 121 Royal Australian Regiment, 116 Canadian Battalion, 22 Canadian Light Infantry, Princess Patricia, 116 Gloucestershire Battalion, 116 Independent Commandos, Royal Marines, 11, 12 41 Independent Commando, 3 New Zealand Field Artillery Battalion, 22 Royal commonwealth naval forces, 15 Belgian Battalion, 201 Colombian Battalion, 201 EUSAK. _See_ Army Units. Ethiopian Battalion, 201 French Battalion, 176 French Units, 15 Greek Battalion, 201 60th Indian Ambulance Group, 85 Philippine 20th BCT, 201 Swedish Evacuation Hospital Unit, 85 Thai units, 15 Thailand Battalion, 22, 201 Turkish Brigade, 22, 201

Van Fleet, LtGen James A., 99, 109, 109_n_, 115, 118, 121–123, 123_n_, 126, 127, 127_n_, 133 142, 154, 161, 161_n_, 199_n_, 201, 202, 218, 219, 221, 248, 248_n_, 249, 251

Van Kueren, RAdm Alexander H., 166

Van Ryzin, BrigGen William J., 136_n_

Vatcher, William H., Jr., 155_n_, 221_n_

Vehicles, 142, 175, 186, 244 DUKWs, 94, 102, 175 EUSAK, 12 Enemy, 15 Jeep, 70, 91, 94, 131, 256 Trailers, 256 Ox cart, CCF, 143 Tank cars, 32 Tracked, USMC, 62 Trucks, 105, 119, 131, 175, 181, 215, 256 Convoy, 54, 70 Enemy, 131, 143 Fake, CCF, 103 USMC, 30, 147

U. S., 13, 62

Vests, armored, 165, 167, 168, 236–238, 240, 251. _See_ Armor, body.

Vittori, Cpl Joseph, 193, 193_n_

Volcansek, LtCol Max J., Jr., 46

Wade, Col Sidney S., 119_n_, 227, 246_n_, 255

Walker, Maj Carl E., 211

Walker, Richard L., 36_n_

Walker, LtGen Walton H., 7

Ward, 1stLt Alfred J., 47

Warehouses, Korean, 15

Warfare Land, 250, 257 Movement, of, 198, 201, 224, 229 Position, of, 198, 201, 218, 229, 231 Static, 247 Trench, 232

Warner, 1stLt Robert E., 141

Warships, UN, 123. _See_ Ships.

Washington, D. C., 7, 8, 28, 156, 161

Watson, 2dLt John E., 229

Weapons CCF, 35 Antiaircraft guns, 103 Artillery, 35, 248 Automatic weapons, 96 Booby traps, 74 Burp guns, 156, 160 Enemy mines, 70 Grenades, 35, 96, 125 Land mines, 70 Explosions, 44 Machine gun, 47, 70, 106, 125, 130, 138 Mines, 74 Mortars, 35, 74, 81, 83, 125, 130, 138, 144, 248 Fire, 92 120mm, 96 Rifle, 47 Recoilless, 125 Russian 76mm guns, 125 Satchel charges, 125 Small arms, 35, 81, 83, 92, 96 Fire, 74 NKPA Artillery, 44, 149, 151, 191 Automatic, 151 Burp, 197 Grenades, l4l, 197 Machine guns, 55, 141, 178, 180, 192 Mortars, 44, 51, 55, 142, 149, 151, 179, 180, 184, 187, 191, 192, 217 76mm, 187, 192, 196 81mm, 55 82mm, 192 105mm, 192 120mm, 192 122mm, 192 Rifle, 141 Small arms, 55, 142, 184, 217 ROKA 105 mm Howitzer, 227 155 mm Howitzer, 227 United States, 69 Army Artillery, 11 Grenade, 10 Howitzer, 277 Napalm, 17, 27, 51, 55, 71, 83, 132, 142, 171, 183, 195 Pistol, 168 Thompson submachine gun, 168 USMC Air, 217, _See_ Aircraft. Antitank guns, 149 Artillery, 148, 217 Bayonet, 149, 150, 168 Bombs, 142, 143 Napalm, 27 Booby traps, 216 Flame throwers, 217 Grenades, 83, 91, 92, 149, 150, 168, 184, 195, 217 105mm Howitzer. 49, 233 Machine guns, 135, 179, 216, 217 Mines, 176, 216. _See also_ Mines. Mortars, 148, 206, 217 4.2″ Mortars, 191, 195 81mm Mortars, 90, 113, 168, 195 Rifles, 115 M-1, 12 75mm Recoilless, 148, 195 90mm, 210 Tank, 149 Rockets, 195

Weather, 25, 33, 39, 69, 131, 233–235, 255

Weede, Col Richard G., 149, 192, 196, 199_n_, 204, 232

_Wehrmacht_, 250

Weintal, E., 155_n_

Wermuth, LtCol John J., 204, 227

Welch, LtCol Claude H., 89

Wertman, LtCol Howard E., 181, 255

West Point, 72

West, Col Radford C., 46

West, LtCol Robley E., 105, 148, 149

Weyland, MajGen Otto P., 169

Whaling, BrigGen William J., 232

White, 1stLt Francis E., 230

Williams, BrigGen Gregon A., 57

Wilson, TSgt Harold E., 114

Winecoff, Col Joseph L., 149, 150

Winfrey, 1stLt Frank A., 151

Wire laying, 230

_Wisconsin_, (BB), USS, 244

Whistles, NPKA, 192

Wolfe, LtCol David C., 89

Wonju, 18, 19, 22, 29, 44, 45, 59, 60, 63, 66–68, 91 Highway and rail center at, 26

Wonju-Hoengsong highway, 67

Wonsan, 143, 156, 168 Landing, 63 UN airfield at, 29

Wontong-ni, 187, 192, 204, 213, 233

Wornham, Col Thomas A., 186, 191, 204

Worthington, Maj Gordon R., 179

World War I, 65, 68, 72, 166, 231, 232, 246

World War II, 6, 7, 33, 44, 72, 99, 100, 160, 167, 194, 232, 250, 257, 261

Wound statistics, 166

Wray, Capt Robert P., 51, 70, 70_n_, 109_n_, 111, 113, 115_n_

Wyczawski, LtCol Richard W., 14, 46, 46_n_, 89

Yanggu, 128, 133, 135, 141, 146, 161, 171, 202 Road center at, 132

Yanggu-Inje, 132

Yangjimal, 91

Yangyang, 8, 202

Yoju, 26, 66, 72, 79 Corridor, 58

YOKE Ridge, 173, 176, 178, 183. _See also_ Objective YOKE.

Yonchon, 201

Yongchon, 30, 44, 49

Yongdok, 42, 54, 55

Yongdok-Andong road, 54

Yongwol-Pyongchang road, 66

Yonpo Airfield, 14, 29

Yu, Maj Dung Nam, 53

Yudam-ni area, 6

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1962-0 634040

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Discrepancies between index entries and the text they reference were resolved in favor of the referenced text.

Page 241, footnote 351 (originally footnote 14): “176–175” was printed that way.