CHAPTER XVI.

History of Oregon--First discoverers--Changes of government-- Recognition as a Territory--Entrance as a State--Individual histories--"Jottings"--"Sitting around"--A pioneer in Benton County--How to serve Indian thieves--The white squaw and the chief--Immigration in company--Rafting on the Columbia--The first winter--Early settlement--Indian friends--Indian houses and customs--The Presbyterian colony--The start--Across the plains-- Arrival in Oregon--The "whaler" settler--A rough journey--"Ho for the Umpqua!"--A backwoodsman--Compliments--School-teacher provided for--Uncle Lazarus--Rogue River Canyon--Valley of Death--Pleasant homes--Changed circumstances. 183