Part 10
WITNESS--I was some time ago foreman to the pannel, Mr. Brodie, and I remember to have been sent for by him upon the Sunday morning, the 9th of March, at eight o’clock, after it was reported that the Excise Office had been broke into. The message was not particular, but such a one as I usually received from him when he wanted to give me orders about some work, as he frequently sent for me for that purpose, especially if he was going to the country. When I came to him he asked me if there were any news about the people who had broke into the Excise. I answered that I had been informed that George Smith was committed to prison, and that Brown had been sent into England in search of Inglis & Horner’s goods. I added that I hoped he, Mr. Brodie, had no concern in these depredations; but he returned to me no answer. The reason I asked this question was that I had often seen my master in their company, and knew him to be intimate with them. Mr. Brodie told me he was going out of town for a few days, and sent me a message for a waistcoat and pair of breeches; but before my return he was gone, and I did not see him again till after he was brought back to this country. On the Monday evening following, the 10th of March, a search was made for him, and several doors of his house were broken open, in virtue of a warrant from the Sheriff, as I was informed. [Here the witness was shown the two letters founded on in the indictment, and desired to say whether or not they were in the handwriting of Mr. Brodie.] I have seen the handwriting of Mr. Brodie, and I think the writing of these letters very like his, but I never saw Mr. Brodie subscribe with initials; and as I am no judge of writing, I cannot say whether I believe these letters to be written by Mr. Brodie or not. [Here the witness was shown the unsigned scrolls, and desired to say whether or not he believed they were in the handwriting of Mr. Brodie.] I never saw Mr. Brodie write so bad a hand as these letters are written in, nor after the manner in which they are written, and I do not think that they have been wrote by Mr. Brodie. [Here the state of affairs referred to in the indictment was shown to the witness.] I think this is very like the handwriting of Mr. Brodie, much more so than any of the others.
[Sidenote: James Laing]
7. JAMES LAING, writer in Edinburgh, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I am assistant clerk in the Council Chamber. I know Mr. Brodie, the prisoner at the bar. I have seen him write, and I am a little acquainted with his handwriting. [Here the two letters were shown to the witness.] The writing of these letters is very like Mr. Brodie’s handwriting. I think they have been wrote by him. [Here the unsigned scrolls were shown to the witness.] I think these are of Mr. Brodie’s handwriting too, though worse written. [State of affairs shown to the witness.] I think this also is written by Mr. Brodie.
[Sidenote: John Macleish]
8. JOHN MACLEISH, clerk to Hugh Buchan, City Chamberlain of Edinburgh, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I know Mr. Brodie, the prisoner at the bar, and have had some opportunity of knowing his handwriting. I have got receipts from him in the Chamberlain’s office, and have received cards from him. I have likewise seen him write in his own shop. [Here the witness was shown the two letters.] I think these letters are of his handwriting. [Shown the scrolls.] I never saw Mr. Brodie write in so crowded a way, or interline so much, but, notwithstanding, I think that these are of his handwriting. [State of affairs shown the witness.] I think that this also is of Mr. Brodie’s handwriting.
Cross-examined by the DEAN OF FACULTY--How do you come to know Mr. Brodie’s writing so exactly?
WITNESS--From many accounts and receipts, of his writing, which I have in my custody belonging to the office.
[Sidenote: John Duncan]
9. JOHN DUNCAN, door-keeper to the Excise Office, Edinburgh, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I have been in that office for thirty-seven years. The doors of the Excise Office, when it was kept in the Canongate, were usually locked by me about eight o’clock at night, and I carried the key immediately thereafter to the housekeeper. A watch was set to guard it about ten o’clock, and the night watchman went away about five in the morning. I remember to have locked the door on Wednesday, the 5th of March last, about a quarter after eight o’clock in the evening, and I gave the key to one of Mr. Dundas, the housekeeper’s, maid-servants. The cashier’s room lay within the outer door, which I had locked, as before mentioned, and it had a double door.
Cross-examined by Mr. CLERK, for George Smith--Pray, sir, was the Excise Office kept in one or in two houses?
WITNESS--The Excise Office was kept in a large house; but there was likewise a small house fronting and adjoining the great one, in which Mr. Broughton’s office and the Register of Seizures were kept. There was no communication from the one to the other without going out to the open air, and the whole were in one court, inclosed by a parapet wall and iron rail.
[Sidenote: William Mackay]
10. WILLIAM MACKAY, porter in the Canongate of Edinburgh, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I was employed as a watch to guard the Excise Office when it was kept in Chessels’s Buildings, and upon Wednesday, the 5th day of March last, I went to the office at the usual hour, which was a little before ten o’clock at night. I found one of the leaves of the outer door open, and the passage door and the door of the cashier’s room also open; and upon making this discovery I went to Mr. Dundas, the housekeeper’s, and inquired of the maid who had been last at the office, as the doors were open. The maid answered John Duncan, the last witness, had left it about a quarter after eight o’clock. Mr. Dundas’s son, hearing me make this inquiry, asked what was the matter. When I told him that the door was broke open, he said, “Then, something worse is done.” Immediately Mr. and Mrs. Dundas and the whole family went into the office with me and examined the cashier’s room; we found all the desks and presses broke open, and the coulter of a plough, and two iron wedges, lying in the room; and we likewise found a spur in the hall, with part of the leather of it torn. Mr. Dundas immediately sent me for Mr. Alexander Thomson, the accountant. I found Mr. Thomson, and he returned with me to the Excise Office. [Here the witness was shown the coulter of the plough, the two iron wedges, and the spur.] These are the same articles which I saw in the Excise Office. [The counsel for the pannels here repeated the objection against adducing the coulter and two wedges, as mentioned in the general objection and interlocutor before taken down.]
[Sidenote: Alexander Thomson]
11. ALEXANDER THOMSON, accountant of Excise, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I remember that the Excise Office was broke into on Wednesday, the 5th of March last. When I left the office at the usual hour that night, about eight o’clock, I locked the door of the cashier’s room before I left, and carried the key away with me. I saw John Duncan, the door-keeper, in the hall as I came out. I left in two concealed drawers below the desk about £600 sterling, and in the desk itself £15 16s. 3½d., being two-thirds of the proceeds of a seizure sent from Greenock, to be divided amongst three people. About ten o’clock the same evening the office porter, or watchman, came to me and informed me that the Excise Office had been broken into. I immediately repaired to the office, and found Mr. Dundas, the housekeeper, and Mr. Pearson, the secretary, there; and, along with them, I examined the premises. The outer door and the passage door appeared to have been opened without violence, but the door of the cashier’s room seemed to have been forced with a lever or other instrument; the door of a small press in the room appeared likewise to have been forced open, and a few shillings, and some stamps for receipts that were in it, carried off. The key of my desk, which I usually kept in this place, had likewise been taken out, and the desk opened with it. The £15 odds, which I had left in the desk, were gone, and also a receipt for £7 18s. 2d., but the concealed drawers, in which the £600 was contained, were untouched. These drawers cannot be opened without first opening the desk, and the keyhole is concealed by a slip of wood, which might escape a slight observer. Accordingly it had remained untouched, although the key of it lay in the desk. Behind the door there was left the coulter of a plough and two iron wedges--[Here these articles were shown to the witness]--the same as these now on the table.
Cross-examined by Mr. JOHN CLERK for George Smith--Pray, Mr. Thomson, was the Excise Office, when in the Canongate, kept in one house or in two houses?
WITNESS--It was kept in three houses, or in one large house, consisting of a front and two wings, and, besides this principal house, there was a small one fronting, and nearly adjoining to it, in which Mr. Broughton’s office, Mr. Dick’s office, and the Register of Seizures were kept.
[Sidenote: Laurence Dundas]
12. LAURENCE DUNDAS, housekeeper of the Excise Office, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--There was a practice, previous to the time when the Excise Office was broke into, of locking the door betwixt eight and nine o’clock at night, and lodging the key in my house, and of putting a watch upon it at ten o’clock. I remember that upon Wednesday, the 5th of March last, the door was locked at the usual hour, and the key left by John Duncan at my house. A little before ten o’clock that night, William Mackay, the porter employed to watch the office, came to my house and gave information that the office had been broke open. I immediately went to the office, and found the outer door, the passage door, and the door of the cashier’s room, all open. This last-mentioned door seemed to have been forced with some instrument. Within the room I found the coulter of a plough and two iron wedges, all of which I now observe upon the table. Every drawer in the room, except the money drawers, seemed to have been forced open. I immediately sent for Mr. Thomson, the accountant, and Mr. Pearson, the secretary, and both of them immediately came to the office. Mr. Thomson told me that he had about £17 in his desk, which he supposed was all gone, but he hoped that the money drawers were safe. The key of the money drawers was found amongst others lying in the desk.
Cross-examined by Mr. JOHN CLERK, for George Smith--Mr. Dundas, was the Excise Office, when in Chessel’s Buildings, kept in one house or in two houses?
WITNESS--Principally in one house, but there was likewise another small house in which Mr. Broughton’s office, Mr. Dick’s office, and the Register of Seizures were kept; both houses were inclosed with an iron rail.
[Sidenote: Janet Baxter]
13. JANET BAXTER, servant to Adam Pearson, assistant secretary of the Excise, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I was out upon a message about eight o’clock at night on Wednesday, the 5th of March last, and, returning homewards, I met with an acquaintance, with whom I conversed for a little in the entry to Chessels’s Buildings, in which my master lived. I then went down the close, and on my way down I saw a man, dressed in a whitish great-coat and slouch hat, leaning over the rails at the entry to the court, and, judging him to be a light or suspicious person, I was afraid of him, and ran into my master’s house.
[Sidenote: James Bonar]
14. JAMES BONAR, deputy-solicitor of Excise, Edinburgh, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I recollect having occasion to call at the Excise Office upon Wednesday, the 5th of March last, about half-past eight in the evening, and as I thought it was probable that there might be still some person in the office, I went straight forward to the door without calling for the key, and finding the door on the latch, I opened it and went in. Just as I entered, a man, who appeared to be dressed in a black coat and cocked hat, stepped out. He seemed to be in a hurry, and I stepped aside to give way to him. He was a square-built man, and was rather taller than me. I took no suspicion, thinking it was some of the people belonging to the office, detained later than usual. I went upstairs to the solicitor’s office, and into the room in which I usually write. I remained there about ten minutes, came down again, and then went away. I saw no person either in the entry or the court as I came out.
[Sidenote: Isobel Wilson]
15. ISOBEL WILSON, spouse of Adam Robertson, wright in Duddingston, called in and sworn.
Examined by the SOLICITOR-GENERAL--Pray, madam, do you remember anything of two persons coming to your house in the month of March last?
WITNESS--I did not remember, at first, anything of the matter, but having afterwards seen John Brown [a succeeding witness] in the Sheriff-Clerk’s Office, he mentioned some circumstances which passed upon the occasion, which brought to my recollection that there were two persons in my house at the time you mentioned, and I think that Brown was one of them. They called for a bottle of porter, which they drank and paid for, but I do not recollect anything else that passed upon the occasion.
[Sidenote: John Kinnear]
16. JOHN KINNEAR, servant to the Earl of Abercorn at Duddingston, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I recollect that the coulter of a plough with which I had been at work and two iron wedges were stolen from a field some time last spring, but whether in February or March I cannot say, only I recollect that there was then snow upon the ground. I loosed from work between two and three o’clock on the day on which the articles were stolen, and went to Edinburgh, and on my way thither, about four o’clock, I observed two men in blackish clothes standing upon the ploughed land by the plough to which the coulter belonged, and there was a black dog at some distance from them.[3] When I came to work next morning I found the coulter of the plough and the wedges had been taken away. [Here the coulter and the wedges referred to in the indictment were shown to the witness.] These are the coulter and wedges that were stolen from my plough.
Cross-examined by Mr. JOHN CLERK, for George Smith--How do you come to know that?
WITNESS--I know this to be the same coulter, my attention being called to it from this circumstance particularly, that a short time before it was stolen it was sent to a smith, with instructions to sharpen it the whole length, that it might be fit for cutting the turf which was to be ploughed up. He did not observe these instructions, but returned it in the situation it is now in.
[Sidenote: Grahame Campbell]
17. GRAHAME CAMPBELL, sometime servant to the pannel, George Smith, called in and sworn.
WITNESS--I was servant to the prisoner, George Smith, and I know the other prisoner, Mr. Brodie. I never heard of the Excise Office being broke until I was apprehended, along with my mistress and Andrew Ainslie, and committed to prison in the beginning of last spring. I have seen Mr. Brodie, and likewise Andrew Ainslie and John Brown, often in Mr. Smith’s house, and they were all very frequently there in company together. In particular I remember their being all there one night about the dusk of the evening, not long before I was apprehended, but as they were so frequently at my master’s house I cannot distinguish that night from any other, nor can I say at what hour they came, only I remember they were in a room above-stairs, and that Mr. Brodie passed through the shop and asked my mistress how she did to-night. Mr. Brodie was at this time in an old-fashioned black coat, and, to the best of my knowledge, I never saw him in the same dress before. I have seen him in other black clothes, but they were always of a newer fashion. My master, Smith, was upstairs with Brown and Ainslie, when Mr. Brodie came in and joined them. I do not know when they went out, as I was employed below-stairs in the back cellar; but I think they remained together a considerable time before they went out. I believe they all went out together, for when I went into the kitchen my mistress desired me to go upstairs to put the room in order and wipe down the table, which I did, and at that time all of them were gone. My master returned in something more than an hour, and said he had been seeing Mr. Maclean, who is Mr. Drysdale’s waiter. Mr. Ainslie had been in before him, but had gone out again, and Brown came in in quest of him, and also went out again. They both returned about ten or eleven o’clock, and Mr. Brodie then came back likewise. Mr. Brodie had on at this time the whitish clothes which he usually wore, and as he passed through the shop he again asked my mistress how she did to-night. I expressed my surprise to my mistress that Mr. Brodie should wear such a strange dress when he came in the first time in his old black clothes, and she answered that it was his frolick; but I took no notice to her afterwards of his having changed his dress. They all supped in the kitchen, except Mr. Brodie, who would not sit down, but walked up and down the room. Brown and Ainslie usually supped at my master’s. They remained together about two hours. Mr. Brodie went out first, and Mr. Brown and Mr. Ainslie soon thereafter, with an intention, as they first said, to go to bed. I think they said afterwards that they were going to play cards with Mr. Maclean. My master, George Smith, did not go out again that night.
Cross-examined by the DEAN OF FACULTY, for Brodie--You have mentioned that Brown and Ainslie and the prisoners at the bar, when they first met, were a considerable while together. In what manner were they employed?
WITNESS--I was for the most part down below in the back cellar; but they had some bottles of porter together, and either a cold fowl or some herrings to eat.
The DEAN OF FACULTY--You have said that Mr. Brodie and Brown and Ainslie were frequently in your master’s house. What did they do when together; did you ever see them play at any game--at cards or at dice?
WITNESS--I have often seen them play both at cards and at dice, sometimes in the kitchen and at others in the room above-stairs, but chiefly at dice, when Mr. Brodie was present.
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--My Lord Advocate, is the witness now at liberty? I understand she has been detained in prison for some time past?
The LORD ADVOCATE--There is no reason for detaining her any longer; she was only confined until her evidence should be given in this trial.
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--Grahame Campbell, you are now at your liberty.
[Sidenote: Mary Hubbart or Hubburt]
18. MARY HUBBART or HUBBURT was then called.
Mr. JOHN CLERK, for Smith--My Lords, the witness now called is the wife of George Smith, the pannel at the bar, and therefore I object to her evidence being taken in this trial.
The LORD ADVOCATE--My Lords, I certainly do not intend to examine this witness as to any particular that relates to the conduct of her husband, but I conceive that she is an unexceptionable witness against the other pannel, Mr. Brodie, and that I am entitled to examine her as to him, if I keep clear of any question that has a tendency to bring out the guilt of her husband.
Mr. JOHN CLERK--My Lords, I desire your particular attention to this, that the two pannels are joined together in one indictment, that they are charged with being guilty of the same crime; and that they are in every respect in the same circumstances. I have no conception, my Lords, of any question tending to the crimination of Mr. Brodie that will not at the same time bring out the guilt of Mr. Smith.
The LORD ADVOCATE--My Lords, that I may remove all apprehensions concerning the questions I mean to put, I shall only ask the witness whether Mr. Brodie was in her house on Wednesday, the 5th of March last; when he came there; and in what manner he was then dressed?
Lord HAILES--My Lords, it is clear that this woman cannot be examined as a witness against her husband; but at the same time, although her husband and Brodie are here tried upon one indictment, I see nothing to prevent my Lord Advocate from putting such questions to her as do not affect her own husband, but only the other pannel.
Lord ESKGROVE--My Lords, I am of the opinion which has been delivered by my Lord Hailes.
Lord STONEFIELD--My Lords, I am of the same opinion.
Lord SWINTON--My Lords, I agree with the opinion given.
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--My Lords, there is no doubt that a wife cannot be received as a witness whether for or against her husband, and her situation is different by our law from that of all other near relations. If a son, for instance, is brought forward as a witness against his father, he may no doubt decline to bear testimony, and no Court of law can compel him to do so; but if he is willing to give his evidence it may be received. A wife, on the contrary, cannot be received as a witness, even though she be willing; a judge can pay no regard to what she says either for or against her husband; and, supposing she had no objection to give her testimony even to hang him, which might happen, it must be refused; therefore, my Lords, whatever this woman says that may infer guilt against her husband must be totally thrown out of consideration; nor will I suffer one single question to be put or her to say a single word from which his guilt can be inferred; and the jury are not to give any attention whatever to it, if it should happen that anything should drop to the prejudice of her husband.
Mr. JOHN CLERK--My Lord Justice-Clerk--
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--What! Mr. Clerk, would you insist on being heard after the Court have delivered their opinions? It is most indecent to attempt it.
Mr. JOHN CLERK--I was heard, my Lord, on the general point of the admissibility of this witness, but not on the special objections which I have to the questions which my Lord Advocate proposes to put, and on which the Court have not delivered any opinion.
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--Mr. Clerk, this is really intolerable.
The DEAN OF FACULTY--My Lord, although as counsel for Mr. Brodie I am not entitled to be heard on this subject, I find myself called upon to interfere as Dean of Faculty. It is perhaps not strictly in order for Mr. Clerk to insist on being heard after your Lordships have delivered your opinions, but some indulgence ought to be shown to a young gentleman.
Lord HAILES--My Lord Justice-Clerk, though Mr. Clerk stated his objection generally, yet he did not enter into particulars, and I think he may be allowed now to state what particulars he meant to insist on.
The LORD JUSTICE-CLERK--Mr. Clerk, we will hear what you have to say.