Part 23
The society is maintaining its card indexes and adding year by year to the amount of material which they represent. One of these cards indexes contains the names and titles of all the articles published in the society's annual reports and is indexed also with the names of the writers, the index being prepared in this double manner. Another card index contains the list of books in our library, and the third one, indexed by subjects, the bulletins on horticulture coming from the various state experiment stations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These indexes are invaluable for their various purposes and may be used by the membership at their volition.
The society maintained an office at the late state fair, at which a considerable number of memberships were received and a large number of members met by the secretary and other officers of the society. We believe this was an excellent move and should be continued in the future.
As to the horticultural exhibit at the state fair, while the secretary has no official connection with it, it should be spoken of as a very satisfactory exhibition indeed and well handled. The building as a whole, covering all branches of horticultural work, was a real credit to the various interests represented and well deserves all the time and expense lavished upon it.
Probably the most important event of the year with which the secretary was officially connected was the effort made to secure an appropriation from the state legislature in session last winter for the construction of a building for the uses of the Horticultural Society. The building committee, with which the secretary served, held a number of meetings with members of the Board of Regents and various committees at the state legislature, at which a considerable number of our membership besides those regularly on the committee were in attendance and took part in appeals in the interest of the building. The secretary's service in this connection was largely the effort made to enlist the co-operation of the membership in the way of getting them to write letters or talk personally with the members of the legislature upon the subject, and an appeal was sent out through the mails to all of our membership with this object in view. The response was a most liberal one, far beyond our expectations. Some of the members of the legislature received over thirty letters from their constituents asking their support to this measure. There was not a single member of the legislature who did not receive some communications about this matter. In all there were sent in this manner to members of the legislature 1,594 letters. While our efforts to secure this building failed, it was, as we believe, largely on account of the prevailing and unusual sentiment for economy which permeated the legislature to an extraordinary degree, and we have reasonable assurance that a similar effort with the next legislature will bring us success. In regard to this matter the chairman of the building committee speaks more fully.
The financial report follows and to this your attention is respectfully requested.
Secretary's Financial Report, 1915.
A. W. LATHAM, SECRETARY.
RECEIPTS.
Balance $91.62 G. W. Strand, Treasurer 685.96 Life membership fees 190.00 Books sold 14.10 Cuts sold 7.50 Banquet tickets sold at 75c each 138.00 Garden Flower Society, account premiums 65.00 Annual fees, 1914 8.00 Annual fees, 1915 3,004.00 Annual fees, 1916 263.00 --------- $4,467.18
DISBURSEMENTS.
Postage $717.33 Office rent 420.00 Telephone 55.45 Premium books 113.61 Office supplies 28.36 Plant premiums 105.14 Assistance in office 719.21 Printing 247.16 Expenses annual meeting, 1914 90.73 Expenses annual meeting, 1915 76.84 Expenses summer meeting, 1915 14.64 Banquet 152.75 Reporting annual meeting 174.99 Expenses vice-presidents 29.17 Expenses superintendents, trial stations 50.59 Assistance annual meeting 1914 100.50 Expenses delegates, etc., meeting, 1914 224.07 Expenses delegates to other societies 30.29 Discounts, membership fees, auxiliary societies, etc. 825.54 Examining officers' books 10.00 Treasurers salary, 1914 25.00 Collecting checks 10.00 Plans of horticultural building 40.00 Officers' bonds, 1915 15.00 Forestry Association 50.00 Insurance on library sundries 8.00 Sundries 20.68 Balance 112.13 --------- $4,467.18
GENERAL STATEMENT, DECEMBER 1, 1915.
Balance in Hennepin County Bank December 1, 1914 $177.38 Interest in 1915 $11.24 --------- Total $188.62 Loring Fund, including interest 140.60 Balance with secretary 112.13 Balance with treasurer 4,906.00 --------- Total $5,347.35
SUMMER MEETING, 1916.
Premium List, Summer Meeting, 1916.
No Duplicating of Varieties Permitted.
OUT-DOOR ROSES.
1st 2d 3d 4th prem. prem. prem. prem.
Collection--three blooms of each named variety, to be shown in separate vases $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $1.00
Collection of named varieties--three blooms of each, in separate vases, amateurs only 6.00 4.00 2.00 1.00
Three named varieties, white--each variety in a separate vase, three blooms of each, each bloom on a separate stem 2.00 1.00 .50
Three named varieties, pink--each variety in a separate vase, three blooms of each, each bloom on a separate stem 2.00 1.00 .50
Three named varieties, red--each variety in a separate vase, three blooms of each, each bloom on a separate stem 2.00 1.00 .50
Collection of Rugosa and Rugosa Hybrids--each variety (consisting of one cluster of blooms on a single stem) in a separate vase 2.00 1.00 .50
Most beautiful rose in vase 1.00
Largest rose in vase 1.00
Seedling rose to be shown by the originator. (Not previously exhibited in competition.) Bronze medal donated by the American Rose Society.
Basket of out-door roses and foliage, arranged for effect without ribbon, not to exceed twelve inches in diameter 3.00 2.00 1.00
The following named varieties of roses to be entered separately and shown in separate vases, three to five blooms in each vase.
Prince Camile deRohan, General Jacqueminot, Margaret Dickson, M. P. Wilder, Jules Margottin, Magna Charta, Paul Neyron, Madam Gabriel Luizet, Baroness Rothschild, Anna de Diesbach, Ulrich Brunner, John Hopper, Rosa Rugosa (pink and white), Baron deBonstetten, Karl Druski, Madam Plantier, Grus an Teplitz.
Each, 1st prem., 75 cents; 2nd prem., 50 cents; 3rd prem., 25 cents.
PEONIES.
1st 2d 3d 4th prem. prem. prem. prem.
Vase of Festiva Maxima, 6 blooms $2.00 $1.00 $0.50 " " flesh or light pink " " " " " " " medium or dark pink " " " " " " " white " " " " " " " red " " " " "
Collection--three blooms of each named variety in separate vases $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $1.00
Collection--three blooms of each named variety in separate vases, amateurs only 6.00 4.00 2.00 1.00
Seedling peony, three blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Collection--one bloom of each variety, shown each in a separate vase; for amateurs owning no more than ten varieties 2.00 1.00 .50
ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS.
1st prem. 2d prem. 3d prem. 4th prem. Vase of Arabis $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 " " Canterbury Bells " " " " " Dielytra " " " " " Delphinium " " " " " Evening primrose (Oenothera) " " " " " Forget-me-not " " " " " Foxglove " " " " " Gailardias " " " " " Grass pinks " " " " " Iceland poppies " " " " " Iris " " " " " Lilies " " " " " Lupine " " " " " Nasturtiums " " " " " Oriental poppies " " " " " Pansies " " " " " Perennial coreopsis " " " " " Pyrethrum " " " " " Shasta daisies " " " " " Sweet peas " " " " " Sweet William " " "
Collection--named perennials, in separate vases $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $1.00
Collection of annuals and perennials in separate vases (not to exceed 12) by amateurs who have never taken premiums on flowers 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Vase of flowers grown and exhibited by child 2.00 1.00 .50
Vase of any kind of flowers not named in this list. (An exhibitor may make any number of entries desired under this head) 2.00 1.00 .50
Vase of flowers arranged for artistic effect 1.50 1.00 .50
Basket of outdoor-grown flowers, arranged by exhibitor 3.00 2.00 1.00
STRAWBERRIES.
One quart of each variety, to be shown on plate, not in box.
1st prem. 2d prem. 3d prem. 4th prem. Collection (not less than six varieties) $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 $2.00
Collection of three named varieties 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
The following varieties of strawberries to be entered separately:
1st prem. 2d prem. 3d prem. 4th prem. Bederwood, Dunlap, Crescent, Splendid, Clyde, Warfield, Lovett, Enhance, Glen Mary, Haverland, Progressive, Superb, Americus, each $1.00 $0.75 $0.50 $0.25
Best named variety not included in the above list 2.00 1.00 .50
Seedling, originated by exhibitor 3.00 2.00 1.00
GARDEN HELPS
Conducted by Minnesota Garden Flower Society
Edited by MRS. E. W. GOULD, 2644 Humboldt Avenue So. Minneapolis.
*Notices of our May, June, July and August meetings will be mailed to members. Being exhibition meetings, the dates will depend upon weather conditions.
It is suggested that in cases where plants have not already been exchanged, the informal exhibition of spring flowers, our May meeting, be also "Exchange Day," and that plants for exchange be brought to that meeting.
A SHAKESPEARE GARDEN.
So wide an interest in the commemoration of the tercentennial celebration of Shakespeare's death has been awakened by the "Drama League of America" that there will be many old English gardens planted in 1916,--gardens containing as many as possible of those flowers mentioned in his plays.
Not all of these many flowers and shrubs could be grown in our climate, some mentioned, such as nettles, burdocks, plantains and other weeds, would be entirely out of place in a garden, soon overrunning it. It must be remembered, too, that in Shakespeare's time herbs and wild flowers were cultivated in most gardens, that many considered beautiful then are now almost forgotten, and that some have been so far surpassed by their improved hybrids, the originals would not now be cultivated.
We have not attempted, therefore, to include all of the flowers so lovingly mentioned by the poet, but have used only those that will prove beautiful and hardy in Minnesota, making a planting that will prove, with proper care, permanent. Were each plant labeled with its proper quotation the garden would prove much more interesting, e.g., "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance--" Hamlet, marking the plant of that name.
_Annuals._--Gillyflowers (Ten weeks' stocks); Love in Idleness (Pansy, Viola tricolor); Mallow (Lavatera splendens); Marigold (Calendula officinalis); Poppy (Somniferum, Opium poppy).
_Trees._--Hemlock, Hawthorne.
_Vines._--Honeysuckle, Scarlet Trumpet.
_Bulbs._--Scilla Nutans (Hyacinthus nonscriptus); Daffodils; Saffron (Crocus santious); Crown Imperial (Frittilaria Imperialis); Lily, Candidum, Turk's Cap (Scarlet Martagon), Orange Lily (Croseum), Spectabile, Tigrinum.
_Herbs._--Balm (Lemon Balm); Camomile (Anthemis); Caraway; Dian's Bud (Wormwood, Artemisia Absinthium); Fennel (Foeniculum officinalis); Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis); Lavender (Lavendula vera); Marjoram (Origanum vulgare); Mint; Milfoil (Yarrow); Parsley; Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis); Rue (Ruta graveoleons); Savory; Thyme (1, Thymus vulgaris, 2, Thymus Serpyllum).
_Perennials._--Aconite (Napellus); Balm (Bee-balm); Brake; Carnation (Bizarre Dianthus caryophyllus); Clover (Crimson Trifolium incarnatus); Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris); Cowslip (Primula veris); Crowflower (Ragged Robin, Lychnis floscuculi); Cuckoo Buds (Butter cups, Ranunculus acris); Daisies (Bellis perennis); Eryngium M. (Sea Holly); Flax; Flower de luce (Iris Germanica, blue); Fumitory (Dicentra spectabilis; Bleeding Heart); Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia); Larksheel (Delphinium elatum, Bee Larkspur); Peony; Pinks (Dianthus Plumarius); Violet (Viola Odorata).
_Roses._--Brier (Eglantine Rose), Provencal (Cabbage Rose), Musk, Damask, White Provence, York and Lancaster.
For appropriate quotations to mark each flower the little book, "Shakespeare's Garden," by J.H. Bloom, will be found very helpful. Our other authorities have been Biesley and L. Grindon, all of which are in the Public Library.
MRS. N. S. SAWYER. MRS. E. W. GOULD.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
By F. L. WASHBURN, Professor of Entomology, University of Minnesota.
SUGGESTIONS TO PARTIES PLANNING TO PURCHASE NURSERY STOCK.
It may be quite out of place to offer any suggestions along this line to readers of this magazine, and yet some buyers may find help in the following:
For evident reasons it pays to buy Minnesota stock where possible, stock which has been tried out and found to be hardy, rather than purchase new varieties, glowingly described in catalogues. Always buy from an inspected nursery.
For evident reasons it pays to buy from nurseries near at hand, so that the time elapsing from the shipping of the trees or shrubs and the planting is small.
Further, it is always desirable, if possible, to buy from the nurseryman himself, a responsible party, rather than from an agent. It is further very desirable to personally pick out your own stock in a visit to the nursery.
When the goods are received, see that they bear an inspection certificate for the current year. The plants should be in good condition and show that the roots are protected from air and wrapped in moist packing material. The condition of the received goods indicates the carefulness of the nurseryman or the contrary. Do not allow trees or shrubs to lie neglected after being received, where the roots will dry out. If you are not ready to plant they should be at once heeled in, first divesting them of their wrappings.
If any injurious insects, like scales or fungus-looking growths, are found on the trees, the same should be reported to the Experiment Station. After planting the trees and shrubs, they should receive the best of care in regard to cultivation.
Finally, refuse to accept any raspberry or blackberry plants showing crown gall on roots or crowns.
* * * * *
CROWN GALL ON RASPBERRIES BLACKBERRIES.
All the nurserymen are able to recognize crown gall, and whatever we may think regarding its effect or lack of effect upon apple, we know by personal observation that it may and does cause the death of raspberries. This disease of course is, unfortunately, very common--almost universally present in our nurseries. The public, generally, are so well aware of its injurious effect upon canes that they are indignant when any such stock is received from nurseries. It behooves all nurserymen, therefore, for the sake of their own business interests if nothing else, to be extremely careful that no diseased stock of any kind is sent to patrons.
* * * * *
THE DESTRUCTION OF A CARLOAD OF DISEASED POTATOES.
The State Entomologist, by virtue of being a collaborator with and agent for the United States Horticultural Board, supervised the destruction by burning of 403 sacks of potatoes, seven per cent. of which, according to the testimony of our Plant Pathology Division, were infested with powdery scab. The Great Northern Railroad, which had brought the potatoes from Canada, were given the choice by Federal authorities, either to return the potatoes to Canada or destroy them by burning, under our supervision. They chose the latter procedure and the use of the Minneapolis crematory was secured for this purpose. Ninety sacks of this same shipment which were illegally unloaded at Casselton, N. Dak., were buried by North Dakota authorities. It is to be hoped that this disease does not find its way into the potato belt in the Red River Valley.
NOTES ON PLANT PESTS.
Prepared by Section of Insect Pests, A. G. RUGGLES, and by Section of Plant Diseases, E. C. STAKMAN, University Farm.
The first real spraying of the apple orchard should be given just as the center bud of the flower cluster begins to show pink. The material to use in the spraying compound is lime-sulphur (1 to 40) plus arsenate of lead, 1-1/2 pounds of the powder, or three pounds of the arsenate of paste to fifty gallons of the made-up lime-sulphur. If done properly this will get the scab of the apple, blossom blight or the brown rot in the plum, and is the most important spray for plum pocket. The arsenate of lead in the mixture will control the young of leaf eating insects and precocious plum curculios.
The second most important spraying of the year is given within a week after the blossoms fall, the same spraying compound being used. This spraying kills many of the germinating spores of such things as apple scab and also is the important spray for codling worm as well as for the plum curculio and for leaf eating insects.
Watch carefully for the hatching of plant lice eggs. The ideal time to spray for these is just after hatching, and before the young lice become hidden in the bud scales or in the curl of the leaves. The spraying material to use at this time is a sulphate of nicotine.
Plow the plum orchard as soon as possible in order to turn under mummied plums, which are responsible for much of the primary infection of brown rot.
Plowing the apple orchard early to turn under the old leaves is also essential in preventing scab spreading to the flower stalks.
Cultivate the vineyard in order to turn under the mummies. Practice clean cultivation from the very beginning in order to help control black rot and downy mildew. If the rot or mildew was very bad in the previous years, early spraying with the Bordeaux mixture 4-4-50 is very important.
Keep the radishes, cauliflowers, and cabbages covered with a poison spray from April 30 to May 20 to prevent the ravages of the cabbage maggot. This should be applied once a week in fair weather, and twice a week in rainy weather. The spray is made as follows:
Lead arsenate, three-fourths ounce; New Orleans molasses, one-half pint; water, one gallon.
Look over the seedling cabbages carefully and destroy all which show any sign of wilting or rotting.
Cut out apple twigs badly injured by the buffalo tree hopper and burn them immediately.
Watch for plant lice on lettuce in cold frames. To combat the insects the plants should be sprayed with nicofume liquid, one teaspoonful to a gallon of water.
BEE-KEEPER'S COLUMN
Conducted by FRANCIS JAGER, Professor of Apiculture, University Farm, St. Paul.
COMB HONEY, EXTRACTED HONEY, AND INCREASE.
The practical beekeeper must decide at the beginning of the honey season whether he wishes to produce extracted honey, comb honey or merely to increase the number of his colonies. The manner of management of his apiary will depend upon such decision. At any rate a modern outfit, pure bred colonies in modern ten or eight frame hives, is required for successful beekeeping no matter in what line of bee industry he may feel inclined to engage.
For production of extracted honey the ten frame hive is to be preferred. Bees are less inclined to swarm in a ten frame hive, and two ten frame supers as a rule will be required where three eight frame supers would otherwise be necessary.