Trees and Shrubs for English Gardens
CHAPTER XLI
SOME HARDY FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS
The following are tables of hardy flowering trees and shrubs, and comprise only species and varieties suitable, unless otherwise stated, for almost all parts of the British Isles. An asterisk (*) denotes those of the first importance. This way has been adopted to compress as much information as possible into a small space.
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Æsculus (Pavia), |Sapindaceæ | |A well-known group Horse Chestnut, | | |represented most largely by Buck-eye | | |the Horse Chestnut, which | | |is the tallest of the | | |species. The Æsculi | | |generally are of medium | | |size, and not very | | |particular about soil or | | |position. The smaller | | |growers were at one time | | |placed in a distinct genus, | | |Pavia, but now placed with | | |Æsculus. The more shrubby | | |species are welcome in the | | |garden, where the Horse | | |Chestnut would be out of | | |place. | | | *Æ. carnea |Hybrid between |Bright |This is a handsome tree for |Æ. Hippocastanum|red; late |the garden, and is |and Æ. Pavia. |May and |generally about 15 feet |Synonymous with |early June|high in Britain. Its chief |Æ. rubicunda | |charm is in the profusion | | |and brilliant red colouring | | |of the flower-spikes. It is | | |not of quick growth, but | | |flowers when very young. | | |It will be found in many | | |lists under the name of Æ. | | |rubicunda, the red Horse | | |Chestnut. Rosea is a good | | |variety recommended by Mr. | | |Anthony Waterer as a "tree | | |for planting in smoky | | |districts." Another fine | | |variety, peculiarly bright | | |in flower colouring, is Æ. | | |Brioti. | | | Æ. flava |A native of |Pale |Those who want a tree in |Carolina and |yellow |this family of distinct |Virginia, on | |colour will find pleasure |mountain slopes;| |probably in this, but its |introduced in | |colouring is dull, and the |1764. Sanguinea | |flowers are not plentiful. |has red flowers.| | | | | *Æ. Hippocastanum |From the |White; |The common Horse Chestnut (Common Horse |mountains of |late May |is too well known to Chestnut) |Greece. Gerard |or early |describe. It is not a tree |mentions the |June. |for very exposed places, as |Horse Chestnut |There is |its large leaves offer |in his "Herbal" |consider- |considerable resistance to |in 1579 as a |able |the wind, and get torn and |rare foreign |variation,|unsightly. The double |tree |as many of|variety (flore-pleno) is | |the trees |very distinct, having quite | |in parks |double flowers. Foliis | |and |aureis variegatis is a | |gardens |variegated variety, as the | |have been |name suggests, with | |raised |blotches of yellow on the | |from seed |leaves; and laciniata has | | |cut foliage. | | | Æ. indica |Nepaul, and |White, |This distinct and beautiful |other parts of |with |tree is perhaps the rarest |Northern India. |yellow and|of the Horse Chestnuts in |On the Himalaya |red |cultivation, and is not so |the tree reaches|blotches |robust as the common |a height of 70 |at the |species. It flowered in |feet, with a |base of |England as long ago as 1858 |trunk 3 feet |the |at Mildenhall in Suffolk, |through |petals; |but has been little heard | |Summer |of. It is a tree doubtless | | |for the Cornish and | | |Devonshire and southern | | |coast gardens where the | | |Himalayan Rhododendrons | | |thrive well. Sir Joseph | | |Hooker, during his Himalaya | | |travels fifty years ago, | | |saw it loaded with its | | |white racemes, and equal in | | |beauty to the common Horse | | |Chestnut of English parks. | | |Its foliage is quite | | |distinct from that of the | | |other species, the leaflets | | |numbering seven or nine, | | |and being of a dark glossy | | |green. In the other Horse | | |Chestnuts the leaflets are | | |usually only five to each | | |leaf, and never more than | | |seven. The racemes of this | | |Indian species are about 8 | | |inches long, the flowers | | |being white, with blotches | | |of yellow and red at the | | |base of the petals. | | | *Æ. (Pavia) |North America. |White |This is better known as P. parviflora |On river banks |fragrant |macrostachya, and is a low, |in Georgia. |flowers |spreading shrub 8 to 10 |Introduced to |sometimes |feet high; the leaves |England by Mr. |tinged |consist of five to seven |John Fraser in |with pink,|finely serrated leaflets, |1786 |and long |covered underneath with a | |stamens, |whitish tomentum. Although | |and in |introduced so long ago, | |long |this August flowering shrub | |upright |is not common; it is a good | |racemes |shrub for a small garden, | | |and is not fastidious about | | |soil or even situation if | | |not too shady. It is | | |increased by suckers thrown | | |up around the plant. These, | | |when detached with a | | |portion of root, soon form | | |good plants. | | | Æ. californica |California. 40 |Erect |This is not much known, |feet in its |spikes of |but is a handsome shrub or |native country, |white or |tree. |but not much |delicate | |more than a |rose; | |shrub here |sweet- | | |smelling | | |flowers; | | |May | | | | *Æ. Pavia (P. |North America |Red; |This is the Red Buck-eye, rubra) | |early |and will grow 15 feet high, | |summer |but is more often simply a | | |big shrub. The flowers are | | |very bright red in colour, | | |and in loose clusters, | | |unlike the dense spikes of | | |the common Horse Chestnut. | | |The varieties are even | | |dwarfer. Humilis, for | | |instance, is only 4 feet. | | |Atrosanguinea has very dark | | |red flowers, and those of | | |whitleyana are brighter | | |than the type. | | | Æ. turbinata |Japan |Yellowish |As this has not yet |(introduced by |white, not|flowered in this country, |Messrs. Veitch |so large |as far as we are aware, but |& Sons) |as those |will probably become | |of the |popular here, the following | |common |account of it by Professor | |Horse |Sargent in his "Forest | |Chestnut |Flora of Japan" will be | | |interesting:-- | | | | | |"This, however, is a noble | | |tree--one of the largest | | |and stateliest of all the | | |horse chestnuts. In the | | |forests of the interior | | |mountain regions of Central | | |Hondo, at elevations | | |between 2000 and 3000 | | |feet, horse chestnuts 80 to | | |100 feet tall, with trunks | | |3 or 4 feet in diameter, | | |are not uncommon. These | | |were, perhaps, the largest | | |deciduous trees on the main | | |island growing naturally in | | |the forest--that is, which | | |had not been planted by | | |men--and their escape from | | |destruction was probably | | |due to their inaccessible | | |position, and to the fact | | |that the wood of the horse | | |chestnut is not | | |particularly valued by the | | |Japanese. In habit, and in | | |the form, venation, and | | |colouring of the leaves, | | |the Japanese horse chestnut | | |resembles the horse | | |chestnut of our gardens, | | |the Grecian Æsculus | | |Hippocastanum, and at first | | |sight it might easily be | | |mistaken for that tree, but | | |the thyrsus of flowers of | | |the Japanese species, which | | |is 10 or 12 inches long, | | |and only 2½ to 3 inches | | |broad, is more slender; the | | |flowers are smaller, and | | |pale yellow, with short, | | |nearly equal, petals, | | |ciliate on the margins; and | | |the fruit is that of the | | |Pavias, being smooth, and | | |showing no trace of the | | |prickles which distinguish | | |the true horse chestnuts. | | |The Japanese horse chestnut | | |reaches Southern Yezo, | | |finding its most northern | | |home near Mororan, on the | | |shores of Volcano Bay, at | | |the level of the ocean; it | | |is generally distributed | | |through the mountainous | | |parts of the three southern | | |islands, sometimes | | |ascending in the south to | | |an elevation of 4000 or | | |5000 feet. There seems no | | |reason why this tree, which | | |has already produced fruit | | |in France, should not | | |flourish in our northern | | |states, where, as well as | | |in Europe, it is still | | |little known. In Northern | | |Japan the fruits are | | |exposed for sale in the | | |shops, although they are | | |probably used only as | | |playthings for the | | |children." -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Amelanchier |Rosaceæ | |A charming family of | | |spring-flowering trees, | | |graceful in growth, and of | | |moderate stature. There are | | |four species, but dozens of | | |names in catalogues; in | | |fact, the genus is much | | |mixed up in many books and | | |lists. | | | *A. alnifolia |North-West |White; |This is usually about 8 |America |Spring |feet high; it is very | | |beautiful with its wealth | | |of white flowers in compact | | |clusters or racemes, | | |followed by purple berries. | | |In the Kew "Arboretum" | | |Hand-list no less than ten | | |synonyms are given. | | | *A. canadensis |Canada |White; |This flowers about a month | |April |before A. alnifolia, and is | | |one of the first trees to | | |greet us with its wealth of | | |snow-white blossom in | | |spring. It should be | | |planted in a free group. | | |Juneberry and Snowy | | |Mespilus are its popular | | |names. Eighteen synonyms | | |are given in the list | | |referred to, the most usual | | |being A. Botryapium. No | | |small garden should be | | |without this lovely small | | |tree; it is between 6 and | | |8 feet high, spreading, | | |and has purplish fruits, | | |whilst the leaves die off | | |deep golden yellow, so that | | |the Snowy Mespilus has many | | |beautiful phases. There are | | |several varieties, but the | | |species is as beautiful as | | |any. | | | A. oligocarpa |Northern United |White; |This is quite a dwarf |States, |April and |shrub, 3 feet to 4 feet, |and found in |May |and the individual flowers |bogs and swamps | |are ¾ inch across. As it | | |is found in moist places it | | |should be tried in such | | |positions in Britain. | | | A. vulgaris |Europe |White; |This has been in English | |April |gardens about 300 years. | | |It is like the Canadian | | |Juneberry or Snowy | | |Mespilus, but not so | | |beautiful. If only one | | |Amelanchier is required, | | |choose A. canadensis. | | | *Andromeda |Ericaceæ; |Pink; |A small shrub about a foot polifolia |widely |Summer |high, with pretty pink (Moorwort) |distributed. | |wax-like flowers in summer. | | |Moist, peaty soil. See | | |Cassandra, Leucothoë, | | |Cassiope, Lyonia, | | |Oxydendron, Pieris, and | | |Zenobia. | | | *Berberis acuminata|Berberideæ; |Bronzy |Evergreen shrub with red |China |yellow |young wood. Introduced by | | |Messrs. Veitch. | | | *B. Aquifolium (Ash|Introduced 1823.|Yellow; |A common, but handsome Barberry, Syn. |Spread widely |early |evergreen shrub, reaching a Mahonia Aquifolium)|over the |Spring, |clothed height of 3 to 5 |western side of |dark green|feet, and with dark green |North America |leaves of |pinnate and leathery |from Nootka |Summer |leaves. The flowers |Sound |have a |are bright golden; they are |southwards. |purplish |succeeded by berries, | |tinge |purple when ripe, which add | |after |to the ornamental features | |frost |of the plant. It is one of | | |the best shrubs for growing | | |under trees, and in many | | |places is planted for game | | |cover. Distinct varieties | | |are _fascicularis_, which | | |is usually 2 feet to 4 feet | | |high and has narrower | | |leaflets of a duller green | | |than the type. | | | *B. buxifolia |Chili |Yellow; |An upright evergreen bush 5 (Box-leaved | |April and |feet high, clothed with Barberry, Syn. B. | |early May |small box-like leaves, and dulcis) | | |bearing drooping blossoms | | |borne on unusually long | | |stalks. It is not so | | |handsome as B. Darwinii or | | |B. stenophylla, but | | |flowering before them is on | | |that account valuable. A | | |dwarf variety (nana) is a | | |pretty rock-work plant. | | | B. concinna |Himalaya |Pale |A little deciduous shrub | |yellow |not more than 18 inches | | |high, and with silvery | | |undersides to the leaves. | | |It needs a sheltered spot | | |in good soil. | | | B. congestiflora |Chili |Bright |A large interesting bush, var. hakeoides | |yellow |with masses of flowers. | | |Rare. | | | B. aristata |Himalaya |Yellow |A strong-growing deciduous | | |shrub, somewhat after the | | |style of the common | | |Barberry, but chiefly | | |remarkable from the bright | | |red of the young bark, | | |which thus forms a fine | | |winter feature. | | | *B. Darwinii |Chili |Orange |This ranks with B. (Darwin's | |yellow; |stenophylla as the most Barberry) | |May |handsome of all Barberries; | | |and, indeed, it is in the | | |very front rank of | | |flowering shrubs. It is of | | |bold, wide-spreading growth | | |6 to 8 feet high, and the | | |masses of dark evergreen | | |leaves serve admirably as a | | |setting to the clusters of | | |orange-coloured blossoms | | |which are at their best in | | |May. The purple berries are | | |very attractive towards the | | |end of the summer. This | | |Barberry forms a delightful | | |lawn shrub, particularly in | | |a fairly moist soil. | | | B. empetrifolia |Chili |Yellow; |A little evergreen bush | |Spring |less than 2 feet high, and | | |flowering about the same | | |time as B. Darwinii. With | | |this just-named species it | | |shares the parentage of B. | | |stenophylla, which is | | |unsurpassed in the entire | | |genus. | | | B. nepalensis, Syn.|Nepaul |Yellow |The stateliest of the Ash Mahonia nepalensis | | |Barberries, forming a | | |specimen 6 feet high, and | | |regularly furnished with | | |long compound leaves. It | | |is, however, tender, except | | |in the West of England and | | |Ireland, where, in a moist, | | |fairly open soil, it does | | |well. Even there a | | |sheltered spot should be | | |chosen for it. | | | B. repens, Syn. |North America | ,, |Related to B. Aquifolium, Mahonia repens | | |and, like that, will do | | |well in shady spots. It is | | |dwarfer than the other | | |just mentioned. | | | *B. stenophylla |Garden form |Yellow; |This is a hybrid between B. | |Spring |Darwinii and B. | | |empetrifolia, and a shrub | | |of rare beauty. The slender | | |arching shoots are very | | |graceful, and during the | | |flowering period are | | |completely wreathed with | | |golden blossoms. Standing | | |singly on a lawn, or near | | |water, it is delightful. | | |It should be in the | | |smallest collection of | | |flowering shrubs. | | | *B. Thunbergi |China and Japan |Pale |A spreading shrub 3 or 4 | |yellow and|feet high, with flowers not | |red; |particularly showy, and | |Spring |borne on the undersides of | | |the shoots just as the | | |young leaves are expanding. | | |The bright-red berries are | | |very showy, but they are | | |surpassed by the brilliant | | |scarlet of the decaying | | |leaves. | | | *B. vulgaris |Europe |Yellow; |The common Barberry is an (Common Barberry) | |Spring |ornamental deciduous shrub | | |8 to 10 feet high, and is | | |valuable from the fact that | | |it will thrive in dry, | | |stony soils. Apart from the | | |pale-yellow flowers in | | |spring, the scarlet berries | | |are very showy, and by some | | |are used for preserves. | | |There are many varieties, | | |the best being the | | |purple-leaved (purpurea) | | |and white-fruited (fructu | | |albo). | | | B. wallichiana |Himalaya and |Sulphur |A dense evergreen bush, (Syn. B. Jamesoni, |China |Yellow; |with dark green spiny B. Hookerii) | |June |leaves and pale yellow | | |blossoms. It grows 4 or 5 | | |feet high. | | | *B. Wilsonæ |China |Rich |A fine shrub, the leaves | |golden |changing to an intense | |colour |crimson colour in autumn. | | |Spines an inch long. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Buddleia Colvillei|Himalaya; |Rosy |A beautiful tree, reaching |Loganiaceæ |crimson; |a height of 30 feet in its | |June |native country, but it is | | |hardy only in the extreme | | |West. | | | *B. globosa (Orange|Chili |Orange |A deciduous shrub, 10 to 12 Ball tree) | |yellow; |feet high, with long, | |Midsummer |willow-like hoary leaves, | | |and flowers borne in | | |globular clusters about | | |midsummer. It is perfectly | | |hardy in warm soils in the | | |South of England, and is | | |much admired. | | | B. japonica, Syn. |Japan |Lilac; |This has several B. curviflora | |August |well-marked features, | | |forming as it does a | | |deciduous shrub about 4 | | |feet high, with curiously | | |winged stems and long | | |curved spikes of blossoms. | | | B. variabilis |China |Rosy |A free-growing shrub, 6 to | |purple, |8 feet high. The variety | |Yellowish |Magnifica was introduced by | |throat; |Messrs. Veitch from Central | |Midsummer |China; rich rose purple. | | |Prune well back each | | |autumn. Veitchiana is | | |lighter in colour and | | |flowers a fortnight sooner. | | | Cæsalpinia japonica|Japan; |Canary |A very interesting shrub, |Leguminosæ |yellow; |rambling and with long | |Summer |flexible shoots with red | | |prickles. The leaves are a | | |foot long, and of a | | |pleasing green; the | | |flowers, which are in | | |partially erect racemes, | | |are about 1 inch across, | | |and bright canary yellow in | | |colour, against which the | | |reddish anthers are | | |conspicuous. It must not | | |be planted where it is | | |likely to get smothered. It | | |has stood out unharmed for | | |many years in the | | |Coombewood Nursery | | |(Kingston). | | | *Calycanthus |North America; |Purplish |A deciduous, much-branched floridus (American |Calycanthaceæ |red; |shrub from 5 to 6 feet Allspice) | |July |high, well worth growing | | |for its highly fragrant | | |flowers, about a couple of | | |inches in diameter. It | | |needs a fairly cool, moist | | |soil. | | | C. occidentalis |California |Crimson |Much like the preceding, (Californian | | |but of more vigorous growth Allspice) | | |with larger flowers. | | | Cassandra |North America |White; |An evergreen under-shrub, calyculata (Syn. | |April and |growing from 1 to 2 feet Andromeda | |May |high. The shoots are calyculata) | | |arching, and the waxy | | |Lily-of-the-Valley-like | | |flowers are suspended from | | |the undersides in | | |considerable numbers. It is | | |a pretty but by no means | | |showy shrub, and needs | | |moist, peaty soil. | | | Cassiope fastigiata|Himalaya; |Pink; |A pretty little erect |Ericaceæ |Summer |growing shrub about a foot | | |high, suggesting a Club | | |Moss or a small Conifer, | | |with tiny bell-shaped | | |blossoms. It is suitable | | |only as a rock-work | | |shrub in moist, peaty | | |soil. | | | C. hypnoides |Siberia |White |Even smaller than the | | |preceding, and needs the | | |same treatment. | | | C. tetragona |North America |White |The tiny scale-like leaves |and | |of this are arranged in |Northern Europe | |four rows, thus giving the | | |branches a curious square | | |appearance. Succeeds under | | |the same conditions as the | | |others. The Cassiopes are | | |difficult to grow. | | | Catalpa |Bignoniaceæ | |This genus of large | | |deciduous trees is | | |represented in both | | |the eastern and western | | |hemispheres, and contains | | |about a dozen species. Only | | |five of these are at | | |present in cultivation in | | |Britain or are known to be | | |hardy, two being natives of | | |North America and three of | | |China. The Catalpas are | | |some of the most striking | | |and beautiful of all hardy | | |trees, both in regard to | | |foliage and to flower. The | | |leaves are large and bold | | |in outline, and the flowers | | |borne in large terminal | | |panicles towards the end of | | |summer. Catalpas love a | | |rich soil and abundant | | |moisture. They are | | |particularly well adapted | | |for planting on the margins | | |of ponds and water-courses. | | |All the species have this | | |peculiarity: they never | | |form a terminal winter bud. | | |In consequence of this, | | |every shoot branches at its | | |apex into two or three | | |every spring, with the | | |result that the trees | | |naturally acquire a broad, | | |spreading habit. This is | | |especially apparent in the | | |case of isolated trees | | |growing on lawns--a | | |position, it may be | | |mentioned, in which | | |Catalpas are seen to | | |exceptional advantage. In | | |the forests of North | | |America, where they are | | |drawn up by other trees, | | |the Catalpas occasionally | | |attain to heights of 50 | | |feet to 100 feet. In | | |gardens it may sometimes be | | |advisable to help them to | | |reach a moderate height, by | | |keeping them to a single | | |lead when young. All the | | |species can be increased by | | |cuttings of the roots, or | | |of the fairly matured leafy | | |growths. | | | *C. bignonioides |Introduced from |Creamy |This species is by far the (Syn. C. |North America in|white |commonest and best known of syringæfolia) |1726 |blotched |the Catalpas in Britain. It | |with |does not often attain a | |yellow, |stature of more than 30 | |and |feet, although in its | |spotted |native woods it is met with | |with |twice as high. The broadly | |purple in |ovate leaves are in healthy | |the |trees of mature age about 6 | |throat; |inches long and 4 inches to | |July and |five inches wide. The | |August |flower panicles are erect, | | |branching, and pyramidal, | | |frequently 1 foot in | | |diameter at the base. The | | |flower is 1½ inches | | |across, with a broad | | |bell-shaped base, the | | |reflexed limb being | | |elaborately frilled. The | | |thin, kidney-bean-like | | |fruits are 9 inches to 12 | | |inches long, but in most | | |parts of the country are | | |only produced after | | |exceptionally sunny | | |seasons. The following | | |varieties are in | | |cultivation: Aurea, with | | |rich yellow foliage; nana, | | |a remarkable low shrub, 2 | | |feet to 3 feet high, which | | |never flowers, and can only | | |be regarded as a curiosity; | | |purpurea, with | | |purple-tinged leaves and | | |shoots. | | | C. Bungei |Northern China |White, |Whether the true C. Bungei | |spotted |is in cultivation at the | |with |present time is very | |purple; |doubtful. Certainly the | |they, as |plants supplied by some | |well as |nurserymen under this name | |the |are only the dwarf variety | |panicles, |(nana) of C. bignonioides. | |are larger|In any case the true C. | |than in |Bungei has not flowered in | |Kæmpfer's |Britain. It is a tree 30 | |Catalpa |feet high, with either | | |entire or lobed leaves; | | |they are 4 inches to 8 | | |inches long, and about | | |three-fourths as wide. | | | C. cordifolia (Syn.|United States. |White, |This is probably the finest species) |It inhabits a |with |species of Catalpa, but is |more western |yellow |not yet well known in |region than C. |blotches |Britain. In the United |bignonioides, |in the |States it is often 50 feet |and is found in |throat; |high, and in exceptional |the States of |but the |cases over 100 feet. Owing |Kentucky, |purple |to its having been for a |Louisiana, |spots are |long time confounded with |Tennessee, |not so |C. bignonioides, this |Missouri, Texas,|abundant |species was probably |&c. |in C. |introduced unknowingly, and | |bignon- |it may exist in some | |ioides, |gardens under the other | |whilst the|name. It is said to be | |panicles |somewhat the hardier of the | |are large,|two. | |and appear| | |about a | | |fortnight | | |before. | | | | C. Fargesii |China. |...... |Little known of this |Introduced to | |species yet. |France by M. | | |Maurice de | | |Vilmorin, and | | |sent by him to | | |Kew in 1899 | | | | | C. hybrida |A hybrid between|White, |In the United States this |C. cordifolia |with |appears likely to prove the |and C. Kæmpferi.|yellow and|finest of all the Catalpas, |Raised nearly |purple |exceeding even C. |thirty years ago|markings |cordifolia in the vigour of |by Mr. John C. |on the |its growth and the size of |Teas in Indiana,|throat |its panicles. Four hundred |U.S.A. | |flowers have been borne on | | |a single panicle. | | |Generally, the plant is | | |intermediate between the | | |two species that share its | | |parentage. | | | C. Kæmpferi |China; |Flowers |Whilst this species--named |introduced by |1 inch |in honour of Engelbert |Siebold in 1849 |across; |Kæmpfer, who visited Japan | |reddish- |in the seventeenth | |brown and |century--bears a strong | |purple |resemblance to the American | |markings |C. bignonioides, it is | | |neither so fine nor so | | |ornamental a tree. It has | | |naturally the same rounded | | |habit, but is never so | | |large. The leaves differ | | |in frequently being more | | |or less lobed. Kæmpfer | | |noted this tree in Japan, | | |and until a recent date it | | |was regarded as indigenous | | |to that country. Recent | | |travellers have, however, | | |concluded it to be (like | | |many other popular trees in | | |Japan) of Chinese origin | | |solely. It is frequent in | | |the grounds surrounding | | |Buddhist temples in Japan. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Ceanothus |Eastern United |Whitish; |A deciduous shrub, 3 to 4 americanus (New |States; |July and |feet high, that dies Jersey Tea) |Rhamneæ |August |partially back during the | | |winter. The flowers, which | | |are borne in good-sized | | |racemes, are at their best | | |in July and August, and on | | |that account are very | | |valuable. It is one of the | | |hardiest of the | | |Ceanothuses, and in the | | |South of England it will | | |flower as a shrub in the | | |open ground. | | | *C. azureus |Mexico |Light |This is not quite so hardy | |blue; July|as the preceding, and it | |and August|cannot be regarded as a | | |shrub for the open ground, | | |except in particularly | | |favoured districts. It is, | | |however, a delightful wall | | |shrub. There are many | | |garden varieties of this, | | |mostly of Continental | | |origin, of which may be | | |especially mentioned Gloire | | |de Versailles, blue; Marie | | |Simon, pink; and Indigo, | | |deep blue, very beautiful. | | | C. divaricatus |California |Pale blue;|Suitable only for a wall. | |May and |With this amount of | |June |protection it will reach a | | |height of 10 feet. | | | C. papillosus |California |Blue; |Like the last, it is, | |May and |except in the extreme west, | |June |essentially a wall plant; | | |it is one of the best. | | | C. rigidus |California |Purplish |The leaves of this are | |blue; |small and neat, and its | |Spring and|charming blossoms are on a | |early |wall borne sometimes as | |Summer |soon as April, and are kept | | |up through May to June. It | | |will reach a height of 6 to | | |8 feet. | | | C. thyrsiflorus |California |Bright |In its native country this | |blue; |attains to the dimensions | |Summer |of a small tree, but here | | |it is essentially a wall | | |plant. The flowers are in | | |large racemes. | | | *C. veitchianus |California |Bright |A species with neat | |blue; May |dark-green leaves. It forms | |and June |a delightful wall plant. | | | *Cercis |South Europe and|Rose |Throughout May and early Siliquastrum |West Asia; |purple, |June the Judas Tree is very (Judas Tree) |Leguminosæ |but |beautiful, being smothered | |varies; |with pretty pear-shaped red | |May and |blossoms. At Kew it flowers | |June |well in numerous places. It | | |grows to a height of 20 | | |feet or more in the | | |Mediterranean region, | | |though in gardens here it | | |is more often represented | | |by bushes of less than half | | |that height. It thrives in | | |sandy loam, and likes | | |plenty of sun and air. The | | |flowers are produced from | | |all parts of the stems, | | |much of the old wood being | | |often smothered with | | |flowering spurs. A variety | | |with white flowers is in | | |cultivation, and this may | | |also be seen in flower at | | |Kew. It is very free, and | | |the flowers are of the | | |purest white. A beautiful | | |variety. In addition to | | |this species, C. | | |canadensis, from North | | |America, and C. chinensis, | | |a native of China and | | |Japan, are also grown, | | |whilst a fourth species, C. | | |reniformis, from Western | | |China, has lately put in an | | |appearance. | | | *Chionanthus |Japan; |Pure |This Chionanthus furnishes retusus |Oleaceæ |white; |one of the many (Fringe Tree) | |Early |illustrations of the close | |Summer |affinity that exists | | |between the flora of the | | |United States and that of | | |Japan, for it is very | | |nearly related to the | | |American Fringe Tree | | |(Chionanthus virginicus), | | |from which, however, it | | |differs in being a smaller | | |and more slender plant, | | |while the clusters of | | |flowers are rather less | | |dense. When in bloom there | | |is no danger of | | |confounding these | | |Chionanthuses with any | | |other tree or shrub, as the | | |pure white drooping | | |fringe-like inflorescence | | |is totally distinct from | | |anything else. They are | | |quite hardy, and not | | |particular as to soil, | | |though a fairly deep loam | | |suits them best. | | | C. virginica |North America |White, |An interesting bush, but (American Fringe | |narrow, |taller in its native Tree) | |fringe- |country. | |like | | |petals; | | |hence the | | |name | | | | *Choisya ternata |Mexico; |White; |This is a shrub for warm (Mexican Orange |Rutaceæ |Summer, |soils and sunny position, Flower) | |but much |when it makes a big, leafy, | |depends |glossy-leaved bush, | |upon |smothered with clusters of | |position |white flowers that, from | | |their appearance and | | |fragrance, have earned the | | |shrub the name of Orange | | |Flower. At Munstead in | | |Surrey it grows so | | |rampantly that it has to be | | |cut away to keep it within | | |reasonable bounds. In "Wood | | |and Garden," p. 63, it is | | |mentioned, the month is | | |May; "The Mexican Orange | | |Flower (Choisya ternata) | | |has been smothered in its | | |white bloom, so closely | | |resembling orange blossom. | | |With a slight winter | | |protection of fir boughs it | | |seems quite at home on hot | | |dry soil, grows fast, and | | |is very easy to propagate | | |by layers. When cut it | | |lasts for more than a week | | |in winter." | | | Cistus albidus |South-West |Bright |A shrub 4 to 5 feet high, |Europe; |rose; |with whitish leaves (hence |Cistineæ |June and |the name of albidus) and a | |July |profusion of blossoms 2 | | |inches across. It needs a | | |dry, warm soil, hence will | | |succeed on sloping banks, | | |but even then, in the South | | |of England, it is apt to be | | |killed by a very severe | | |winter. This last paragraph | | |will apply to the genus | | |Cistus in general. | | | C. crispus |Southern Europe |Reddish |Reaches a height of a | |purple; |couple of feet, and bears | |Summer |its saucer-shaped blossoms | | |in great profusion. The | | |individual flowers are | | |about 2½ inches in | | |diameter. | | | *C. ladaniferus |South-West |White; |A bush 4 to 5 feet high, (Gum Cistus) |Europe |Summer |with large, white, solitary | | |flowers. The variety | | |maculatus has a crimson | | |blotch at the base of each | | |petal. | | | *C. laurifolius |South of Europe |White; |A sub-evergreen shrub 5 to (Laurel-leaved | |July and |6 feet high, and the Cistus) | |August |hardiest of all the Cistus. | | |Of this there is also a | | |variety maculatus blotched | | |at the base with purple | | |crimson, which forms a | | |delightful shrub. | | | C. monspeliensis |South of Europe |White; |A compact bush 4 feet high, | |Summer |with flowers about an inch | | |across. | | | C. populifolius |Levant |White; |The leaves of this are very (Poplar-leaved | |Summer |distinct, being Cistus) | | |heart-shaped and | | |long-stalked, whilst the | | |plant itself will attain a | | |height of 6 feet. | | | C. purpureus |South-East |Reddish |This is only suitable for |Europe |purple |planting in the West of | |with a |England, but where not | |maroon |injured by frost it is a | |blotch |delightful shrub, a little | | |over a yard high. | | | *C. villosus |Mediterranean |Reddish |A compact shrub, whose |region |purple |reddish-purple blossoms are | | |about 2½ inches across. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Cladrastis |Amoorland; |Whitish; |A very distinct shrub or amurensis (Amoor |Leguminosæ |July |small tree, which is Yellow Wood) | | |perfectly hardy, and has | | |peculiarly greyish-green | | |leaves. The dense spikes of | | |small, pea-shaped blossoms | | |are showy when at their | | |best. This has deep | | |descending roots, and holds | | |its own in sandy soils | | |better than most shrubs. | | | *C. tinctoria |North America |White |A tree, 30 feet high, (Virginian Yellow | | |clothed with large Wood. Syn. Virgilia| | |ornamental pinnate leaves, lutea) | | |which die off a rich | | |yellow. The flowers are | | |white, and in dense | | |drooping racemes. A fairly | | |moist soil is necessary for | | |this. | | | Clethra alnifolia |United States of|White; |In the United States of |America; |August and|America the White Alder or |Ericaceæ |early |Pepper Bush, as Clethra | |September |alnifolia is called, occurs | | |as a native over a | | |considerable area; hence | | |several forms exist, but do | | |not possess any strongly | | |marked features, unless it | | |be the variety tomentosa, | | |which is certainly the most | | |widely removed of all from | | |the typical kind. As a rule | | |the flowering period of the | | |common White Alder extends | | |throughout August and a | | |little way into September, | | |at which last-named period | | |the variety tomentosa is | | |just unfolding its earliest | | |blossoms. As the number of | | |flowering shrubs that are | | |at their best during the | | |latter part of September is | | |very limited, the blooming | | |of this variety of the | | |Clethra at that time makes | | |it valuable. The varietal | | |name of tomentosa is | | |derived from the whitish | | |down on the undersides of | | |the leaves, which serves to | | |readily distinguish it from | | |the other forms. The | | |flower-spikes, too, are | | |rather larger, while the | | |blossoms are as in the | | |others--white. The Clethras | | |all form rather | | |loose-growing bushes from 3 | | |feet to 5 feet high, and | | |delight in a moist soil of | | |a peaty nature, such as | | |that in which | | |Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and | | |others of that class | | |flourish. | | | C. canescens (Syn. |Japan |Milky |A very handsome species C. barbinervis) | |white; |with dark-green leaves and | |Summer |panicles of blossom. Well | | |worth attention, but is yet | | |rare. | | | Colutea arborescens|Mediterranean |Yellow; |A perfectly hardy, free (Bladder Senna) |region; |May and |growing, deciduous shrub, |Leguminosæ |June |reaching a height of 8 to | | |12 feet, clothed with | | |pretty divided leaves, and | | |with a profusion of | | |pea-shaped flowers, | | |succeeded by large inflated | | |seed-pods, which form a | | |very noticeable feature. | | |These pods are green, | | |tinged with red. The | | |Coluteas are very useful, | | |as they will thrive in dry | | |sandy soils where many | | |shrubs would perish. | | | *C. cruenta, Syn. |Orient |Reddish |After the manner of the C. orientalis, and | | |last, from which it differs C. sanguinea. | | |in its glaucous leaves, | | |reddish flowers, and | | |deeper-tinted seed-pods. It | | |is also somewhat dwarfer. | | | Coronilla Emerus |Southern Europe;|Yellow- |A free-growing bush 6 feet (the Scorpion Senna|Leguminosæ |tinged |high, with a profusion of Coronilla) | |red; May |pea-shaped blossoms. It | |and June |needs a well-drained, warm | | |soil. | | | C. juncea (the |South of France |Bright |An erect shrub less than a Rush-like | |yellow |yard high, with rush-like Coronilla) | | |shoots, suggesting those | | |of the Spanish Broom, and | | |also almost devoid of | | |leaves. When in full bloom | | |it is decidedly pretty. | | | *Corylopsis |Japan; |Primrose; |This delightful little pauciflora |Hamamelideæ |Spring, |shrub, when fully grown, | |before the|makes a dense bush, with | |leaves |branches 6 feet high. The | | |leaves are small, thin in | | |texture, prettily tinted | | |when young, and again in | | |autumn. The flowers are | | |primrose-yellow in colour | | |and fragrant. They are | | |arranged from two to four | | |together in drooping | | |catkins from every node on | | |the previous season's wood. | | |Though it is quite hardy in | | |other respects the flowers | | |are easily damaged by | | |frost. | | | C. spicata |Japan |Also |A shrub between 3 and 4 | |cowslip- |feet high, and better known | |coloured |than C. pauciflora. It | |and |flowers in spring before | |scented |the leaves appear. | | | *Cratægus (Thorns).| | | See p. 376. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Cytisus albus |Spain and |White; |A beautiful and popular (White Spanish or |Portugal; |May |Broom. It grows with great Portuguese Broom) |introduced in | |rapidity, and flowers |1752; | |bountifully and regularly. |Leguminosæ | |A bush 6 or 7 feet high, in | | |full flower is a delightful | | |picture, and one never | | |seems to tire of it. Group | | |it with the common Broom. | | |It is very cheap and easily | | |raised from seed. Loudon | | |says: "In good soil it is | | |of very rapid growth, | | |attaining the height of 5 | | |feet or 6 feet in three or | | |four years, and in six or | | |eight years growing as high | | |as 15 feet or even 20 feet | | |if in a sheltered | | |situation. Placed by itself | | |on a lawn it forms a | | |singularly ornamental | | |plant, even when not in | | |flower, by the varied | | |disposition and tufting of | | |its twiggy thread-like | | |branches. When in flower it | | |is one of the finest | | |ornaments of the garden." | | |Loudon also says that bees | | |are fond of the flowers. | | | C. albus |Variety |Pinkish |Rare, and not so beautiful incarnatus | | |as the parent. | | | *C. Ardoini |Maritime Alps |Pure |Quite a dwarf Broom, a few | |yellow; |inches high. It is a | |April and |charming Broom for the rock | |May |garden, placing it where it | | |can spread out its shoots | | |on all sides. It is | | |happiest in sun and dry | | |soil as the other Brooms. | | | *C. austriacus |Native of |Yellow; |C. banaticus and C. (Austrian Broom) |Austrian woods, |July and |serotinus are synonyms. |also of Italy |August |The chief value of this |and Siberia. | |Broom is in its late |Introduced in | |flowering, when its yellow |1741 | |flower clusters are very | | |welcome. | | | C. a. leucanthus |Variety |Very pale |Not important. | |yellow, | | |sometimes | | |almost | | |white | | | | C. biflorus |Hungary |Bright |This is not so important as | |yellow; |the Moonlight Broom, | |May |Andreanus, and some others. | | |It grows about 3 feet high, | | |but even in a group it is | | |not imposing. | | | C. capitatus |Found on wood |Yellow; |This is also a dwarf and |edges in Austria|June |not important Broom. |and introduced | | |in 1774 | | | | | C. hirsutus |Asia Minor and |Yellow; |This is another dwarf and |South of Europe.|June |unimportant shrub. |Introduced in | | |1739 | | | | | *C. kewensis |Hybrid between |Creamy |A most interesting and |C. albus and C. |white; |beautiful Broom, which, as |Ardoini |May |it becomes better known, | | |will be popular in gardens. | | |It was raised in the Royal | | |Gardens, Kew; hence the | | |name, C. Ardoini being the | | |seed parent. It is only | | |suitable for the rock | | |garden, where its slender | | |shoots can spread out and | | |form a mantle of soft | | |colouring, or to make a | | |spreading group on the | | |grass. There is little | | |trace in it of C. albus, | | |except in the flower | | |colouring. This is a Broom | | |for all good gardens. | | | *C. nigricans |Austria |Bright |This is also a lovely | |yellow; |Broom, so named because it | |July and |turns black when dried. It | |August |should be in the smallest | | |list of beautiful flowering | | |shrubs, and it is singular | | |that it is so seldom seen. | | |The growth is bushy and | | |smothered with flowers in | | |July and August, sometimes | | |before, and lasts a long | | |while in beauty. Sunshine | | |and poor soil bring out its | | |finest qualities. One can | | |scarcely say too much in | | |its praise, especially as | | |it blooms at a time few | | |trees and shrubs are in | | |flower. | | | *C. præcox |Hybrid between |Sulphur |One of the most fascinating |C. purgans and |yellow; |of all flowering shrubs. |C. albus |April to |It makes clouds of soft | |May |colouring, every shoot | | |hidden with the wealth of | | |bloom; whilst when out of | | |flower there is beauty in | | |the brilliant green | | |colouring of the long | | |slender shoots. It is a | | |shrub to make groups of in | | |the flower garden, grows | | |quickly, does not soon get | | |"leggy," and is very dense. | | |The big groups of it on the | | |grass in the Royal Gardens, | | |Kew, are one of the | | |delights of the spring | | |season there. The ordinary | | |shrubbery is the worst | | |place for it, all its | | |gracefulness is lost, there | | |is no fountain of flowers | | |from the slender shoots. It | | |is best raised from | | |cuttings, as seedlings are | | |apt to reproduce C. albus | | |only. Also well known as | | |Genista præcox. | | | C. purgans |South and |Yellow |Chiefly of note because it |Central Europe | |is one of the parents of C. | | |præcox, but is of little | | |account for the English | | |garden. It is necessary in | | |a collection, but nowhere | | |else. | | | *C. purpureus |Found in Eastern|Purple |A delightful shrub when |Europe in | |properly placed. Loudon's |exposed | |advice to graft it "on the |situations | |laburnum standard high" is | | |bad, and has been followed | | |in many gardens. This way | | |of treating the shrub is | | |utterly foreign to its | | |nature; it is a _trailing_ | | |Broom, and therefore should | | |be planted on the rough | | |garden or some bank where | | |it can spread in its own | | |way. We have seen it | | |falling over a boulder and | | |making a trail of purple | | |colouring in May. Rare | | |varieties are albus, white, | | |and one with flowers of | | |rose tint. The famous | | |Cytisus Adami is the | | |outcome of grafting this | | |species on the Scotch | | |laburnum (L. alpinum). This | | |curious graft-hybrid | | |usually excites much | | |interest when in flower, | | |both yellow and purple | | |racemes appearing on the | | |same tree. | | | C. sessilifolius |A native of the |Yellow; |A Broom for a collection, |south of France |May |but without the |and Piedmont, | |effectiveness of C. præcox, |and was | |Andreanus, and others. |cultivated in | | |Britain by | | |Parkinson in | | |1569. | | | | | C. Schipkænsis |Introduced |White |This is a charming little | | |rock-garden shrub, and very | | |rare as yet, but well worth | | |noting for its | | |distinctiveness and | | |freedom. | | | *C. scoparius |Europe |Yellow |The hardy Cytisuses are (Common Broom) | | |popularly known as Brooms, | | |and the Broom of the waste | | |lands of the British Isles | | |is Cytisus scoparius, which | | |makes clouds of golden | | |yellow in the early summer. | | |Many a dryish bank now | | |flowerless might be made | | |beautiful with this | | |glorious shrub. Where Broom | | |is not plentiful as a wild | | |plant, and therefore | | |generally where the soil is | | |not suitable for it, the | | |soil should be made so; it | | |need only be well drained | | |and open. | | | *C. s. andreanus |Choice variety |Brownish |This varies considerably |found in |crimson |from seed, and often |Normandy by M. |and |reverts to the typical |Ed. André, after|yellow; |yellow Broom. If possible |whom it is named|Spring |get own root-plants from | | |original stock. A beautiful | | |shrub, which we can | | |scarcely have too much of, | | |but in some gardens it is | | |used too freely. When in | | |full bloom, and the variety | | |is rich in colouring, it is | | |superb. | | | C. s. pendulus |Variety |Pale |Quite a pendulous variety, (Drooping Broom) | |yellow |but uncommon. It is | | |apparently little known, | | |though so charming when on | | |a bank or rock garden. A | | |group of it in either of | | |these positions would be a | | |revelation to those who | | |know not the value of this | | |family for the English | | |garden. | | | *C. s. sulphureus |Variety |Pale |Described by Loudon in his (pallidus), | |yellow |"Arboretum" as C. s. albus, (Moonlight Broom) | | |"the flowers white or of a | | |very pale yellow." It is a | | |rare shrub, but should not | | |be so. Mr. Goldring writes | | |of it in "The Garden" as | | |follows: "The Moonlight | | |Brown is a very | | |old variety, as it was | | |described by Loudon sixty | | |years ago, but it is still | | |a rare shrub, not easily | | |obtainable, though it is | | |grown in some of the | | |largest nurseries. | | |Its pale yellow flowers are | | |in beautiful harmony with | | |the rich yellow of the type | | |Andreanus. The only private | | |garden where I have seen it | | |in established mass is that | | |of Mrs. Robb at Liphook, | | |where all kinds of tree and | | |shrub varieties are | | |treasured. I do not know if | | |it comes true from seed, | | |but I fancy not." | | | C. s. flore-pleno |Variety |Yellow |A so-called double variety | | |in which some of the petals | | |are duplicated, but it is | | |not finer than the type, | | |though it is interesting as | | |one of the few double | | |varieties in pea-shaped | | |flowers. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Cratægus (Thorns) |Rosaceæ | |The Cratægus family | | |comprises nearly 100 | | |species and varieties, | | |contains some of the most | | |beautiful of small garden | | |trees, both with regard to | | |the charm of their white, | | |pink, and scarlet flowers, | | |and the scarlet, black, and | | |yellow fruits. Most of the | | |Thorns are either large | | |shrubs or small trees, and | | |are specially suitable for | | |small gardens, whilst none | | |of them require particular | | |attention, as all will grow | | |in almost any soil and | | |situation. Old trees | | |occasionally require to be | | |relieved of small wood and | | |decaying branches, and a | | |good top-dressing of manure | | |is beneficial sometimes to | | |those which flower and | | |fruit freely; but beyond | | |this Thorns need no | | |attention after they have | | |been planted and | | |become established. The | | |species can be increased by | | |seeds, which are obtained | | |by gathering the fruits | | |when ripe, and mixing them | | |with sand. The mixture of | | |fruits and sand should then | | |be put in a heap in a | | |sheltered place | | |out-of-doors, and covered | | |with a few turfs. By the | | |following spring the fruits | | |will have rotted, and the | | |seeds can be separated and | | |sown. A fair proportion | | |will germinate the first | | |year, and the remainder | | |the second. Many of the | | |Thorns can also be | | |propagated by root | | |cuttings. For this purpose | | |healthy, vigorous shoots, | | |as thick as a man's finger, | | |should be obtained in | | |autumn or winter, and cut | | |into pieces four inches to | | |eight inches in length, | | |cutting the end nearest the | | |stem flat, and the other | | |slanting, so that either | | |end can be readily | | |distinguished. These should | | |be inserted upright in the | | |ground, with the tops | | |nearly or just covered; | | |they soon form roots, and | | |grow into strong plants. | | |The genus is found | | |practically throughout the | | |temperate region, from | | |Europe throughout the East | | |and Central Asia to China | | |and Japan, and in North | | |America. One species is | | |found in Mexico--but this, | | |and in fact all the Thorns | | |are hardy in this country. | | | *C. Azarolus |South-East |Pure |This grows to a height of |Europe and Asia |white; |about 20 feet. It is very |Minor |late |showy, and has pure white | |Spring |flowers followed by large | | |yellow fruits; the leaves | | |are about twice the size of | | |those of the Hawthorn, and | | |rather deeply cut. Cratægus | | |Aronia is a synonym. | | | *C. Carrièrei |A reputed |Pure |A very handsome Thorn, 12 |hybrid, but |white; |feet to 15 feet, shapely, |parentage |late |leaves large, bright glossy |unknown. |Spring |green above, whitish |Supposed to be | |beneath. Flowers appear |C. mexicana and | |freely in large corymbs, |C. tomentosa | |followed by clusters of | | |pear-shaped green fruits, | | |which hang on the tree | | |until the end of the year, | | |changing finally to dull, | | |yellowish red. | | | *C. coccinea (the |North America; |White; |This is one of the most Scarlet Thorn) |introduced in |late |striking of all the thorns; |1683 |Spring |it has large bright-green | | |leaves, and flowers nearly | | |an inch across, and in | | |dense corymbs. These are | | |followed by clusters of | | |brilliant scarlet-coloured | | |fruits. There are several | | |varieties equal to or even | | |finer than the species. One | | |is *Macracantha, which has | | |spines sometimes 5 inches | | |long, and bright scarlet | | |haws, not so large as those | | |of the species, but | | |produced more abundantly. | | |It should be more | | |frequently seen in gardens, | | |and is worthy to rank as a | | |species. Indentata has | | |deeply-cut leaves and | | |bright-red fruits. | | | *C. cordata |North America |White; |This is a small tree with (Washington Thorn) | |June |thin, glossy, heart-shaped | | |leaves and small flowers, | | |orange-red fruits, not | | |unlike those of C. | | |Pyracantha, and carried | | |late in the year. Birds, | | |however, enjoy them. | | | C. Crus-Galli (the |North America |White; |This is a handsome American Cockspur Thorn) | |June |Thorn, and one of the most | | |striking of the whole | | |family. It has stout, | | |glossy leaves and | | |formidable spines, these | | |often being from 3 to 4 | | |inches long, and gave rise | | |to the popular name. The | | |brick-red fruits hang on | | |the tree long after the | | |leaves have fallen, and | | |make a bright winter | | |picture. There are several | | |varieties. Arbutifolia has | | |shorter spines and smaller | | |fruits than the type; the | | |leaves are also narrower | | |and duller in colour; | | |linearis has long linear | | |leaves and bright-red | | |fruits. Ovalifolia has | | |large oval shining leaves | | |and bright scarlet fruits, | | |it is rather more upright | | |than the type. *Splendens | | |makes a handsome, shapely | | |tree about 20 feet high, | | |and flowers and fruits very | | |freely; the leaves are | | |rounded, green, and | | |shining, and the flowers | | |pure white, in small | | |corymbs, and followed by | | |bright-scarlet fruits. | | | C. Douglasii |Western side of |White; |This is a large |North America |late |irregular-shaped tree 20 | |Spring |feet to 30 feet, and has | | |short stout spines about an | | |inch long; the flowers | | |appear in small clusters, | | |and the fruits are small | | |and black. Wood and spines | | |are brown and quite shiny. | | |Rivularis has smaller and | | |thicker leaves, and shorter | | |and stouter wood. | | | C. hiemalis |Probably a |White; |A tree 15 feet to 20 feet |hybrid, but |Spring |high, round shining leaves, |origin unknown | |and rather large black | | |fruits, which are the first | | |to ripen of the Thorns. | | | *C. melanocarpa |Caucasus |White; |A very handsome Thorn. It | |Spring |is a small flat-topped tree | | |of medium height, the | | |leaves somewhat like those | | |of the Hawthorn in shape, | | |and covered with a thick | | |grey tomentum; the fruits | | |are small, black, and | | |shining. | | | C. mollis |United States |White, |Like C. coccinea, but even | |with a |handsomer. It is a small | |small red |tree, 15 feet high, with | |mark at |spreading head, and large | |the base |firm leaves slightly woolly | |of each |on the back; the flowers | |petal |are large, and succeeded by | | |bright-crimson, | | |medium-sized fruit. | | | C. nigra |Eastern Europe |White; |This makes a fair-sized | |May |tree, and has small black | | |fruit. The foliage is very | | |abundant, deeply cut, and | | |woolly on both sides. It | | |almost hides flowers and | | |fruit. | | | *C. orientalis |Europe |White; |A handsome Thorn in fruit. | |May |It is a small flat-topped | | |tree, and has large | | |clusters of flowers, the | | |oval fruits being yellowish | | |red. Sanguinea is a very | | |showy variety, with deep | | |ruby-red fruits, but the | | |scarlet colour of the type | | |is brighter. | | | *C. Oxyacantha |Widely |White; |Too well known to describe. (Hawthorn, White |distributed, |May |It has been divided into Thorn, May) |Europe, Western | |two sub-species, viz. C. |Asia, and North | |monogyna in which there is |Africa | |usually only one style in | | |the flowers and one seed in | | |the fruit, and C. | | |oxyacanthoides, where the | | |number of styles is usually | | |three, and from two to four | | |seeds in the fruit. These | | |differences are generally | | |decided. There are other | | |differences also in growth | | |difficult to explain, but | | |can be detected easily by | | |an experienced eye. | | | C. monogyna |...... |...... |This is the Hawthorn of the (sub-species) | | |hedgerows, and there are | | |many varieties. | | |Twenty-eight are recorded | | |in the Kew Hand-list. The | | |most beautiful are aurea, | | |with golden-yellow haws, | | |crispa pendula, a pretty | | |weeping tree; Gumperi | | |versicolor, very handsome | | |deep-red, shading to pink | | |in the centre; laciniata, a | | |handsome tree with deeply | | |cut leaves, sometimes | | |called C. apiifolia, but | | |must not be confounded with | | |North American species of | | |that name. Macrocarpa has | | |larger fruits than the | | |type, oxyphylla, large | | |white flowers and handsome | | |fruits, a round-headed | | |tree. Præcox is the | | |Glastonbury Thorn, supposed | | |to flower at Christmas, | | |but rarely does so owing to | | |frost. This is the Thorn | | |which is associated with | | |the famous legend. | | |*Semperflorens is a good | | |variety, a low-growing | | |tree, which flowers for a | | |much longer period than the | | |other Thorns. Stricta makes | | |a dense upright-growing | | |tree, 30 feet or more high; | | |it grows rapidly, and when | | |in flower is strikingly | | |distinct in appearance. | | | C. oxyacanthoides |...... |...... |This is distinguished from (sub-species) | | |C. monogyna by the styles | | |and seeds as stated above; | | |and also by the larger | | |leaves, flowers, and fruit. | | |All the double-flowered | | |Thorns belong to this | | |section. Atrofusca, a | | |large, shapely tree, of | | |weeping growth; the flowers | | |large, pure white, and the | | |fruits fair sized and | | |abundantly produced. | | |*Flore-pleno albo, the | | |double white Thorn, with | | |purest white flowers. This, | | |like the other double | | |Thorns, rarely fruits. | | |*Flore-pleno coccineo, the | | |double Scarlet Thorn, one | | |of the most beautiful of | | |trees when covered with its | | |scarlet flowers. Very | | |pleasing when grouped with | | |the double white variety or | | |the Laburnum; *Paul's | | |double Scarlet, a | | |well-known and beautiful | | |Thorn. *Flore puniceo, a | | |rich purplish pink, single, | | |and fructu luteo, bright | | |yellow fruits, effective in | | |autumn. | | | *C. pinnatifida |China and |Pure |The variety *major is the |Central Asia |white; |best to grow. It is | |May |stronger, and has very | | |large leaves, 4 to 6 inches | | |long, thick and shining. It | | |does not show its true | | |beauty until of some age, | | |but it is a hardy tree of | | |great beauty. The flowers | | |are in large corymbs, and | | |the fruits are of an | | |intense shining red, | | |pear-shaped, and make a | | |bright picture in autumn. | | |This variety is often | | |labelled C. Layi. | | | *C. punctata |East and North |Variable |A good garden tree; it is |America | |variable, but the accepted | | |type has white flowers and | | |bright red fruits as large | | |as a small Crab apple. | | |Another form has smaller | | |deep ruby-red fruits. | | |Brevispina, striata, and | | |xanthocarpa are varieties, | | |the last mentioned with | | |bright yellow fruits. | | | *C. Pyracantha |South Europe, |White |An evergreen Thorn. (Fiery Thorn) |in hedges and | |Introduced in 1629, and a |rough ground | |well known shrub. Its | | |charms consist in its dense | | |glossy leaves and brilliant | | |masses of scarlet berries. | | |It can be grown as a bush | | |or trained up a wall or | | |trellis. It is so brilliant | | |when in fruit that the | | |French call it buisson | | |ardent, or Burning Bush. | | |This Thorn should be more | | |grown as a bush, and not | | |confined as it usually is | | |to a south wall. As the | | |fruits are bitter they are | | |not cared for by the birds, | | |and thus make a display | | |through the winter. Lælandi | | |is a variety with larger | | |and deeper coloured fruits. | | | C. sanguinea |Siberia |White; |This is not of great garden | |May |value, but effective in | | |winter owing to the red | | |bark. Songorica is a | | |variety also with reddish | | |bark. | | | *C. tanacetifolia |Levant; |White; |This is rare, and can be (Tansy-leaved |introduced 1789 |May |recognised by bracts at the Thorn) | | |base of the fruits. The | | |fruits are very large, | | |yellow, and of good | | |flavour, and eaten in the | | |native country of the tree. | | |The specimen at Kew flowers | | |regularly and abundantly | | |every year. | | | C. spathulata |United States |White; |A very distinct Thorn, | |May |small, and the leaves are | | |persistent, remaining on | | |until the New Year. The | | |fruits are very small and | | |scarlet. | | | *C. tomentosa |Eastern United |White; |A late flowering and |States |June |handsome Thorn when its | | |orange-yellow fruits are in | | |perfection, but the birds | | |soon consume them. | | | C. uniflora |North America, |Creamy |More curious than |and introduced |white; |beautiful; it is only 2 |by the famous |early June|feet to 3 feet high and has |tree bishop, | |greenish haws. |Bishop Compton, | | |in 1713 | | | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Cyrilla racemiflora|Florida to North|White |Quite a shrub, 4 feet to 6 |Carolina, &c. | |feet high, very rare, |Cyrillea | |although introduced as long | | |ago as 1765. The flowers | | |are in drooping racemes on | | |previous season's growth. | | | *Daboëcia |Western Europe |Rosy |A pretty little Heath-like polifolia, St. |and Ireland; |purple, |shrub growing about 18 Daboëc's Heath |Ericaceæ |bell- |inches high, and producing (Syn. Andromeda | |shaped; |erect spikes of Daboëcia) | |May, and |comparatively large | |throughout|bell-shaped blossoms. It is | |Summer and|the most continuous | |Autumn |blooming of its class. | | |There is a beautiful pure | | |white variety--alba. | | | Daphne alpina |Alps of Europe; |White; |A spreading deciduous (Alpine Daphne) |Thymelæaceæ |May and |shrub, with white, | |June |sweet-scented flowers. It | | |grows about a couple of | | |feet high, and is | | |essentially a shrub for the | | |rockwork, as it is | | |particularly happy when the | | |roots are wedged between | | |stones. | | | *D. blagayana |Carniola |Ivory |Like the last, this forms a | |white; |spreading bush, and is | |March and |equally at home under | |April |similar positions. It is, | | |however, of an evergreen | | |character; the ivory white | | |are very sweet-scented | | |blossoms. It is worthy of a | | |place among the most select | | |Daphnes, but difficult to | | |grow well. | | | *D. Cneorum |South Europe |Bright |A delightful little (Garland Flower) | |rose; |evergreen, with highly | |May to |fragrant blossoms. A good | |June |proportion of vegetable | | |soil is necessary to its | | |welldoing. | | | D. Genkwa (Japanese|Japan |Lilac |In its flowers this Daphne Lilac) | | |closely resembles the | | |Lilac, so that it is | | |frequently mistaken for | | |that well-known shrub. It | | |needs the protection of a | | |wall in most parts of | | |England. | | | D. Laureola (Spurge|South Europe and|Yellowish |The flowers of this are not Laurel) |North Africa |green |particularly showy, but as | | |an evergreen bush some 3 or | | |4 feet high it is valuable | | |from the fact that it will | | |thrive under the drip of | | |trees, and is one of the | | |few evergreens absolutely | | |rabbit proof. | | | *D. Mezereum (the |Northern Europe |Red; |This is an upright Mezereon) | |early year|deciduous bush that flowers | | |in February or March | | |according to the season. At | | |that time the still | | |leafless branches are | | |packed for some distance | | |with the pretty fragrant | | |blossoms, so that it may | | |be regarded as the most | | |showy shrub at that time in | | |bloom. There is a variety | | |(alba) with white blossoms, | | |and another (autumnalis | | |or grandiflora) that | | |blooms before Christmas. | | |A cool, loamy soil suits | | |this best. | | | *D. oleoides (Syn. |South Europe |Purplish |A neat growing evergreen D. fioniana, Syn. | |rose |bush about a yard high, D. neapolitana) | | |whose flowers are often | | |borne throughout the | | |greater part of the year. | | |It is less attractive than | | |some of the others. | | | D. pontica |Asia Minor |Yellow |A good deal in the way of | | |Daphne Laureola, but the | | |flowers are of a brighter | | |yellow, and are borne in | | |April and May, whereas D. | | |Laureola flowers in | | |February and March. | | | D. sericea (Syn. D.| |Deep pink |A compact evergreen 2 to 3 collina) | | |feet high, clothed with | | |dark-green box-like leaves, | | |while the terminal clusters | | |of flowers are borne in | | |early Spring. It prefers a | | |cool, fairly moist, yet | | |well-drained soil. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Deutzia crenata |Japan; |White; |A bold growing and handsome (Syn. D. scabra) |Saxifrageæ |Midsummer |deciduous shrub, with white | | |blossoms. There is a | | |double-flowered variety, | | |tinged with purple on the | | |outside, known as D. | | |crenata flore-pleno | | |purpurea. Both are | | |beautiful shrubs that will | | |thrive in most soils. | | | *D. discolor |China |White, |This has pretty purpurascens | |tinged |purple-tinged blossoms | |purple; |borne in flattened corymbs, | |late May |and not, when in the bud | | |state, liable to be injured | | |by late spring frosts. | | | *D. gracilis |Japan |White; |The best known of all the | |Spring |Deutzias, forming a compact | | |bush a couple of feet high, | | |and bearing masses of its | | |pretty white blossoms. | | | *D. hybrida |Hybrid |White and |There are now several | |pink |beautiful hybrid Deutzias, | | |viz., hybrida rosea, | | |hybrida venusta, | | |kalmæflora, Lemoinei, | | |Lemoinei compacta, all of | | |which merit a place in | | |gardens. | | | *D. parviflora |China |White; |An upright shrub 5 feet | |end of |high, with flattened | |April and |clusters of white blossoms, | |early May |very suggestive of those of | | |the Hawthorn. | | | *Diervilla florida |Japan; |Rose; |A beautiful free-growing, (Syn. Weigela |Caprifoliaceæ |Summer |free-flowering shrub, that amabilis, W. rosea)| | |will hold its own almost | | |anywhere. Its flowering | | |time is in May or early | | |June, but occasionally | | |there is an Autumn display. | | |Beside the original species | | |there are many garden | | |varieties, all of which are | | |beautiful, but there are so | | |many that a selection is | | |necessary. Three of the | | |best are: *candida, white; | | |*Abel Carrière, bright | | |rose; and *Eva Rathke, | | |claret crimson, which lasts | | |in flower more or less from | | |May till the end of the | | |Summer. Other good | | |varieties are: Dr. Baillon, | | |red; Groenewegenii, rose | | |and white; hortensis nivea, | | |white, spreading habit; | | |Looymansi aurea, golden | | |leaves; præcox, rose, | | |earlier than any of the | | |others; and P. Durchartre, | | |purplish red. In any | | |selection of flowering | | |shrubs some of the Weigelas | | |must certainly have a | | |place. | | | D. middendorfiana |Siberia |Yellowish |Remarkable among Weigelas | | |for its distinct yellow | | |flowers. Though pretty in | | |itself, it is likely to | | |prove of more value in the | | |production of new varieties | | |by crossing it with the | | |older kinds. | | | Enkianthus |Japan; |Dark red |A very charming and campanulatus |Ericaceæ | |interesting shrub | | |resembling one of the | | |Andromeda. A tree in its | | |native country. The | | |flowers are pendent and in | | |clusters. | | | Epigæa repens |Ericaceæ. The |Pale |In Bailey's "Cyclopædia of (Trailing Arbutus, |most popular of |white, |American Horticulture" it Ground Laurel, |wild flowers in |with pink |is mentioned: "The Mayflower) |New England |tint; very|cultivation of the Trailing | |sweetly |Arbutus, especially in | |scented; |districts where it has been | |Spring |exterminated by ruthless | | |'mayflower parties,' always | | |attracts interest.... | | |Occurs in sandy and rocky | | |woods, especially under | | |evergreen trees, in | | |earliest Spring. Thrives | | |only in humid soil and | | |shady situations. | | |Transplanted with | | |difficulty. Best on north | | |side of a hill in bright, | | |sandy soil, mixed with leaf | | |mould. Once established, it | | |spreads rapidly. Propagated | | |by division of old plants, | | |layers, or cuttings. Seeds | | |are rarely found, but when | | |found may be used, though | | |slow to develop." My | | |experience is that it likes | | |a damp, shady ditch side in | | |peaty soil. Mr. G. F. | | |Wilson planted it near to | | |Shortia galacifolia, and | | |the two were quite happy | | |together. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Erinacea pungens |Spain; |Blue; |Somewhat resembling the |Leguminosæ |May and |dwarf-growing Genistas is | |June |this extremely rare and | | |pretty little shrub. It | | |grows very slowly, and | | |seldom attains a height of | | |9 inches, spreading out in | | |a mat-like mass rather than | | |growing in an upward | | |direction. The branches are | | |short, stiff, and spiny, | | |and what few leaves there | | |are are small. The | | |pea-shaped blossoms come | | |from the axils of short, | | |spiny branches, and are | | |blue. This plant has been | | |in cultivation for a great | | |number of years, never, | | |however, having become at | | |all common. This is no | | |doubt due to the great | | |difficulty there is in | | |propagating it. Seeds | | |appear to be the only means | | |of increase, and these are | | |borne very sparingly even | | |when the plant is growing | | |under natural conditions. | | |It has been said to be a | | |tender plant, but it has | | |withstood several winters | | |out of doors at Kew without | | |injury. Plants are to be | | |seen there near the | | |Temperate house, and they | | |flower every year. | | | Escallonia illinita|Chili; |White; |A neat evergreen shrub 4 to |Saxifrageæ |Summer |5 feet high, with pretty | | |white flowers. It is only | | |in mild districts, such as | | |the South and West of | | |England, that the | | |Escallonias are seen at | | |their best. | | | *E. macrantha (Syn.|Chiloe |Crimson |The finest of all the E. Ingrami) | |red; |Escallonias, and one of the | |Summer |hardiest. It is a | | |free-growing shrub over | | |6 feet high, clothed with | | |rich green shiny leaves, | | |and the bright-coloured | | |fuchsia-like flowers are | | |freely borne. It is a good | | |wall-plant, and stands the | | |sea-breeze well. | | | E. langleyensis |Hybrid |Rose |Raised by Messrs. J. Veitch | |carmine |between E. sanguinea and | | |E. philippiana. It has | | |small, dark-green leaves, | | |and an abundance of | | |brightly coloured flowers. | | |A good shrub. | | | E. montevidensis |Montevideo |White |Grows from 8 to 10 feet (Syn. E. | | |high, and bears its floribunda) | | |clusters of white flowers | | |in great profusion. It is | | |too tender for planting | | |except in the extreme West | | |of England and in Ireland. | | | *E. philippiana |Valdivia |White; |Will succeed as a bush in | |Summer |the neighbourhood of | | |London, where its small | | |white flowers are borne in | | |the greatest profusion. | | | E. punctata |Chili |Deep red; |A much-branched evergreen | |July |shrub 5 to 6 feet high. | | | E. rubra |Chili |Red; |Differs from the last in | |Summer |the absence of spots on the | |and early |young leaves, in the | |Autumn |flowers being rather | | |lighter in colour, and | | |borne for a longer period. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Exochorda |China; |May; |See p. 2. grandiflora |Rosaceæ |White | | | | *Forsythia (Golden |Oleaceæ; hybrid |Yellow; |This is a charming early Bell) intermedia |between F. |Spring |shrub. It may be either |suspensa and F. | |grouped or trained, but one |viridissima. | |has to be careful not to |Represents the | |make it too stiff. It is |two parents | |quite hardy, and a bush. | | | *F. suspensa (Syn. |China |Yellow; |A graceful and beautiful F. Fortunei and F. | |Spring |rambling shrub, now well Sieboldi) | | |known. It succeeds well in | | |London--that is, if given | | |anything like favourable | | |conditions. A fence fully | | |exposed to the sun in a | | |London backyard is clothed | | |with it, and each recurring | | |spring the Forsythia | | |flowers profusely, and | | |forms an object of great | | |beauty. Immediately the | | |season of blooming is past | | |the plant is severely | | |pruned, the old and | | |exhausted wood being cut | | |out and the vigorous shoots | | |spurred back to within | | |three or four eyes of the | | |base. This results in the | | |production of long, | | |wand-like shoots, which are | | |allowed to develop at will, | | |hence they dispose | | |themselves in a loose and | | |informal way, and being | | |from the position of the | | |plant thoroughly ripened, | | |the spring display is in | | |every way satisfactory. | | |When autumn pruning is done | | |the best portion of the | | |flowering wood gets cut | | |away. | | | *F. viridissima |China |Yellow; |Quite a bush, and very | |Spring |handsome when in full | | |bloom. Likes full sun and | | |air. | | | Fraxinus Ornus |Mediterranean |Creamy |This is a very charming (Flowering Ash), |region and |white; |lawn tree with luxuriant (Syn. Ornus |Orient |late May |panicles of flowers, and europæa) | | |foliage like that of the | | |common ash. Angustifolia, | | |latifolia, and variegata | | |are varieties. | | | F. floribunda (Syn.|Himalaya |White; |Rather tender, but very Ornus floribunda) | |Summer |vigorous and handsome. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
FUCHSIA.--Though the genus Fuchsia is an extensive one, most of them are of more value in the greenhouse than outdoors--that is to say, throughout the greater part of the country. Still there are a few quite hardy Fuchsias, for, even if cut to the ground during severe winters they soon recover, while in particularly favoured districts, such as in the West of England and the Isle of Wight, they grow unchecked into large bushes, and sometimes make delightful hedges. Few flowering shrubs are more beautiful than F. corallina and F. Riccartoni when in full bloom. The hardiest are:--
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Fuchsia corallina |Garden origin; |Red; |A plant of more vigorous (Syn. F. |Onagraceæ |Summer and|growth, and with larger exoniensis) | |Autumn |leaves and flowers than any | | |of the other hardy | | |Fuchsias. It is very | | |popular in the West of | | |England, but is not nearly | | |so effective when cut to | | |the ground each winter as | | |some of the others are. | | | *F. globosa |Chili |Red; |A free-growing Fuchsia | |Summer and|which, if cut to the | |Autumn |ground, pushes up long, | | |wand-like shoots that | | |branch out freely, and | | |towards the latter part of | | |the summer are smothered | | |with bright-coloured | | |flowers. In the bud state | | |these are of a globose | | |shape, hence its specific | | |name. | | | *F. gracilis |Mexico |Red; |The name gracilis well | |Summer and|expresses the prominent | |Autumn |features of this Fuchsia, | | |for, though as vigorous as | | |globosa, it is far more | | |slender and graceful. Where | | |not perfectly hardy the | | |drooping flowers are seen | | |to great advantage when the | | |shrub is trained to a wall, | | |and planted in a permanent | | |bed the old stools will, | | |even in the North of | | |England, pass unscathed | | |through the winter, if | | |protected by a mulch of | | |decayed leaves. Very | | |tender. | | | *F. Riccartoni |Garden Origin |Red; |This has the reputation of | |Summer and|being the hardiest of all | |Autumn |the hardy Fuchsias. It is | | |in appearance about midway | | |between F. gracilis and F. | | |globosa, and is as good as | | |F. gracilis. | | | *Garrya elliptica |California; |Greenish; |A handsome evergreen shrub |Cornaceæ |Winter and|with very dark green, | |very early|leathery, oval leaves, | |Spring |about 3 inches long. Its | | |most notable feature is the | | |long, pendulous male | | |catkins, with which the | | |plant is freely draped | | |during the early months of | | |the year. This Garrya is | | |all the better for the | | |protection of a wall in | | |most parts of the country. | | |The male and female flowers | | |are borne on separate | | |plants, the male being, | | |owing to its catkins, by | | |far the most ornamental. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Genista |Leguminosæ |...... |A popular group of shrubs, | | |allied to the Cytisus, and | | |delighting in dry sandy | | |soils. A group of the finer | | |species is very rich in | | |colour when in flower. | | | *G. æthnensis |Slopes of Mount |Golden |This Broom is perfectly |Etna, in Sicily |yellow; |hardy near London. It is | |July and |one of the rarest of shrubs | |August |in gardens in spite of its | | |beauty, and it flowers in | | |July and August, a season | | |when even inferior | | |flowering shrubs are not | | |plentiful. It has a rather | | |gaunt, yet not inelegant | | |habit, and assumes a | | |somewhat tree-like form | | |when old, being often | | |reduced to a single stem at | | |the base. It carries, | | |however, a wide head of | | |thin cord-like, arching or | | |pendulous branches, with | | |little or no foliage except | | |when the wood is quite | | |young. The flowers are of a | | |rich golden-yellow, and | | |during the series of hot | | |summers we have experienced | | |in recent years have been | | |especially abundant. It | | |would, indeed, be difficult | | |to find a shrub better | | |adapted for hot, light | | |soils than this, a fact | | |that is amply proved by the | | |way it succeeds at Kew. It | | |is a good plant for | | |associating with | | |medium-sized evergreens, | | |which hide its bare stems | | |and render it more | | |effective when in flower. | | |It grows 10 feet to 14 feet | | |high, and is thus one of | | |the tallest--if not the | | |tallest--of the Brooms | | |hardy in Britain. It ripens | | |seed freely, and is best | | |propagated by that means. | | | G. cinerea |South-West |Yellow; |This is a shrubby plant for |Europe |July |the rock-garden in sunny | | |places. | | | *G. hispanica |South-West |Yellow; |A dwarf and charming shrub, |Europe |July |1 foot to 2 feet high, and | | |when in bloom covered with | | |flowers. One of the best of | | |its race. | | | G. monosperma |Sicily |White |Not well known but | | |interesting. Sandy soil. | | |Tender. | | | G. pilosa |Europe, England |Rich |A prostrate plant for the | |Yellow; |rock garden. Ordinary soil. | |May and | | |June | | | | *G. radiata |Central and |Yellow; |Very beautiful when in full |Southern Europe |Summer |flower on the rock garden, | | |and will even succeed in a | | |rough wall. | | | G. sagittalis |Europe |Yellow; |Another dwarf species for | |May and |rock garden. | |June | | | | G. tinctoria |Britain |Yellow; |The double variety | |July and |flore-pleno and elatior are | |September |finer than the species. | | |Elatior makes quite a bush | | |and is very attractive | | |when in full bloom. | | | *G. virgata |Madeira |Yellow; |This must attain a certain | |June and |age and size before it | |July |displays its full beauty, | | |small plants flowering | | |sparsely or not at all, | | |while older specimens are a | | |glorious sight during the | | |period of flowering. | | |Thoroughly hardy in at | | |least the southern half of | | |England, self-sown | | |seedlings of it having been | | |known to spring up in | | |considerable numbers under | | |old plants in sheltered | | |positions. In a shrubbery | | |or wood it makes a | | |brilliant blaze of yellow. | | |It succeeds in almost any | | |soil or situation provided | | |it is not too heavy or wet. | | |Under favourable conditions | | |it reaches a height of 16 | | |feet to 20 feet, with | | |rather straggling branches, | | |every little twig of which | | |is covered with flowers in | | |season. The leaves are | | |about half an inch in | | |length, and covered with | | |white, silky hairs on the | | |under side and a few | | |scattered ones on the upper | | |surface. Easily raised from | | |seed. Excellent for barren | | |land. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Gordonia Lasianthus|Virginia to |White; |A sub-evergreen shrub 6 to (Loblolly Bay) |Florida; |July |8 feet high, bearing |Ternstroemiaceæ | |beautiful white flowers | | |like single Camellias. It | | |needs a sheltered spot and | | |a moist peaty soil. | | | G. pubescens |Georgia and |White |Of rather smaller growth |Florida | |than the preceding, while | | |the leaves are pubescent | | |underneath. The flowers, | | |too, have the tuft of | | |yellow stamens more | | |pronounced than in G. | | |Lasianthus. Both need the | | |same treatment. | | | Halesias (Silver |Styraceæ |...... |This is a beautiful family Bell, or Snowdrop | | |of flowering trees, named trees) | | |after Dr. Stephen Hales. | | |The flowers are like the | | |snowdrop in shape, hence | | |the name, and there are two | | |distinct sections, American | | |and Asiatic. The Halesias | | |like a rich, moist, loamy | | |or peaty soil. Although | | |often trees of considerable | | |size in their native homes, | | |they mostly retain a | | |somewhat shrubby character | | |in this country. All the | | |species, however, except H. | | |parviflora, can, by pruning | | |away the lower branches, be | | |made to form small trees. | | | Halesia corymbosa |Japan, in the |White, |Mr. Bean writes in _The |province of Higo|tinted |Garden_, May 19, 1900, p. |(Syn. |with pink |361, about this species as |Pterostyrax |or yellow;|follows: "I do not know if |corymbosum) |Spring |there is any authenticated | | |instance of its having | | |flourished in Britain or | | |even in Europe, most plants | | |so called being H. hispida. | | |It was first found on the | | |mountains of the most | | |southern of the main | | |islands of Japan, in the | | |province of Higo, and may | | |possibly not be quite so | | |hardy as H. hispida. | | |Judging by pictures and | | |dried specimens, its | | |racemes, whilst having much | | |the same general character | | |as that species, are | | |shorter, broader, and more | | |branched, and the flowers | | |are not so numerous on the | | |branches of the racemes, | | |and the fruits are more | | |downy than bristly. The | | |flowers have the same | | |one-sided arrangement on | | |the racemes." | | | H. diptera |South-eastern |White; |Not a common species, and |United States |late |dwarfer than H. tetraptera. | |Spring |The flowers are white, | | |Snowdrop-like, and are | | |borne on slender pendulous | | |stalks as in H. tetraptera; | | |they differ, however, in | | |having the corolla almost | | |lobed to the base. Very | | |distinctive is the | | |seed-vessel, which has but | | |two prominent wings, the | | |other two being only | | |rudimentary. Whilst not | | |perhaps equal in merit to | | |H. tetraptera this species | | |appears to have been | | |undeservedly neglected. Its | | |dwarf bushy habit will also | | |render it more suitable for | | |some positions; it loves | | |abundant moisture at the | | |root. It blossoms rather | | |later than H. tetraptera. | | | H. hispida |China and Japan.|White |This belongs to the Asiatic |Introduced about| |group of Halesias, and is |1870 | |very distinct from the | | |American species. It is a | | |vigorous shrub, a small | | |tree with large oblong | | |leaves, and small flowers, | | |which are very numerous on | | |the raceme, which is 4 | | |inches to 8 inches long. | | |One striking peculiarity of | | |the raceme is that the | | |flowers are arranged on the | | |upper side only of its | | |branches (a somewhat | | |similar arrangement is seen | | |in Freesia flowers). The | | |seed-vessels are covered | | |with bristly hairs. Mr. | | |Bean says, "Whilst | | |perfectly hardy at Kew in | | |the open, it blossoms more | | |freely on a wall. The | | |finest specimens I have | | |seen of this Halesia are | | |growing near a | | |carriage-road leading to | | |Mr. Gumbleton's house and | | |garden at Belgrove, | | |Queenstown." It flowers in | | |this country in June. | | | H. parviflora |South-eastern |White; end|This is invariably a shrub. |United States. |of May |It is represented in the |Introduced in | |Kew collection by a large |1802 | |bush, which flowers as a | | |rule with great freedom | | |towards the end of May each | | |year. The arrangement of | | |the flowers is more | | |racemose than fasciculate, | | |and whilst they are very | | |abundant they are not so | | |large as in H. tetraptera | | |or H. diptera. They are | | |white and Snowdrop-like. | | |The seed-vessels are only | | |slightly and unequally | | |winged. On the whole, | | |therefore, the species is | | |easily distinguished from | | |its two fellow American | | |species. The grace and | | |abundance of its bloom make | | |it well worthy of | | |cultivation wherever a | | |variety of hardy shrubs is | | |desired. | | | *H. tetraptera |South United |White; |A beautiful tree. Whilst (Common Snowdrop |States. |May |according to Prof. Sargent tree) |Introduced by a | |it occasionally attains a |London merchant | |height of 80 to 90 feet in |named Ellis in | |its native country, it is |1756 | |seldom more than 20 feet | | |high in the British Isles. | | |Its flowers are like pure | | |white Snowdrops, hence the | | |popular name. The | | |seed-vessels are 1½ | | |inches to 2 inches long, | | |and have four prominent | | |wings that transverse them | | |lengthwise. | | | H. t. Meehani |This originated |White |A very handsome and |as a seedling in| |distinct variety, with |Meehan's | |shorter flower-stalks, and |Nursery, | |thicker and more coarsely |Germanstown, | |wrinkled leaves than the |Philadelphia. | |type. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Hamamelis (Witch |Hamamelideæ |Orange- |A charming tree when in Hazel) | |yellow; |flower. It blooms early in *H. arborea |China |Winter |the year, the precise time | | |depending upon the weather. | | |When the leafless shoots | | |are studded with the | | |golden-yellow, | | |narrow-petalled flowers, | | |with their crimson calyces, | | |it is very pretty. It is | | |also worth using with some | | |shrub like Gaultheria | | |procumbens as a groundwork. | | |It enjoys an open | | |situation, and is not very | | |particular about soil. | | | H. japonica |Japan |Pale |An interesting shrub, of | |yellow; |which *Zuccariniana is a | |Winter |well-known variety. | | | H. mollis |Japan |Bright |This is a rare Witch-Hazel, | |yellow |with very broad and large | | |leaves, and wavy brightly | | |coloured, fragrant flowers. | | | H. virginica |Eastern North |Pale |For many years this species |America |yellow; |was the only Witch-Hazel in | |Autumn |cultivation. Being spread | | |over the eastern side of | | |North America from Canada | | |to the Southern United | | |States, it naturally | | |attracted the notice of the | | |earlier colonists, and it | | |was, in fact, introduced to | | |Britain as long ago as | | |1736. During the last | | |twenty or thirty years, | | |however, new species have | | |been discovered and brought | | |home from China and Japan. | | |They surpass this old | | |American species in garden | | |value, and are, indeed, | | |amongst the most | | |interesting and attractive | | |of the shrubs that flower | | |in the early part of the | | |year. H. virginica, on the | | |other hand, is at its best | | |in autumn. It has the | | |narrow, twisted, bright | | |yellow petals which, with | | |but little variation, are | | |characteristic of all | | |Hamamelis flowers. The | | |flowers cover the younger | | |branches in close, dense | | |clusters. It is a sturdy | | |shrub, almost a small tree, | | |and has leaves very like | | |those of the English Hazel | | |(Corylus). | | | *Hibiscus syriacus |China; |White; |An upright growing (Tree Mallow, Syn. |Malvaceæ |blotched |deciduous shrub 6 feet Althæa frutex) | |red |high, is particularly | | |valuable from the fact that | | |it flowers towards the | | |later part of August, when | | |so few hardy shrubs are in | | |bloom. It needs a | | |well-drained, loamy soil, | | |that is, however, not | | |parched up at any time, and | | |a spot fully exposed to the | | |sun. There are many | | |varieties of this, ranging | | |in colour from white to | | |purple, both single and | | |double flowered forms being | | |represented. Celestes, | | |blue, and Totus albus, | | |white, are the best. | | | *Hippophaë |A British shrub,|Flowers |A beautiful somewhat spiny rhamnoides (Sea |chiefly in the |inconspic-|tree, or rather shrub, to Buckthorn) |south and |uous; |plant by the side of a |south-east |yellowish |lake, pond, stream, moat, |coasts; | |or anywhere a free |Eleagnaceæ | |spreading shrubby growth is | | |desired. But it will | | |succeed as well inland as | | |by water. A splendid group | | |may be seen near the pond | | |at Kew, and for many years | | |has made a beautiful winter | | |picture in the gardens. | | |Every winter the wood made | | |the previous year is | | |thickly cased with the | | |bright orange-coloured | | |berries, which remain on | | |the branches all the | | |winter, but later on, if | | |hard frosts are | | |experienced, they lose most | | |of their brightness. It | | |must not be forgotten that | | |the flowers are unisexual, | | |_i.e._ those of one sex | | |only are borne on a tree. | | |Male trees therefore do not | | |produce berries, and to get | | |fruit a female and male | | |must be near. In each | | |group, say of about | | |half-a-dozen plants, one | | |plant should be male and | | |the rest female. This is of | | |the utmost importance, and | | |see to it before the plants | | |leave the nursery. The Sea | | |Buckthorn is a large shrub | | |or small tree. A very | | |pretty standard tree | | |results from keeping it to | | |a single stem and removing | | |the lower branches. The | | |leaves are very charming in | | |colour, a silvery grey. The | | |male plant is of more | | |upright growth than the | | |female. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Hydrangea |China and Japan;|Deep pink;|Better known throughout the Hortensia (the |Saxifrageæ |Summer and|greater part of England as Hydrangea, Syn. H. | |Autumn |a greenhouse plant than as hortensis) | | |an outdoor shrub, but in | | |the extreme south and west | | |it is very handsome in the | | |open ground. The huge heads | | |of flowers make a great | | |display. There are several | | |varieties, some of them | | |being often regarded as | | |distinct species, the most | | |notable of which are: | | |Lindleyi, with the large | | |sterile flowers limited to | | |a few around the outside of | | |the cluster. They are pink, | | |tinged with blue. Mariesii | | |is a very handsome Japanese | | |variety, with large sterile | | |flowers, pinkish mauve. | | |Nigra or cyanoclada has | | |purplish black stems, and | | |is very notable on that | | |account. Rosea has all the | | |flowers sterile, and of | | |rich rose colour. Stellata | | |has the sterile flowers | | |double and star-like. | | |Thomas Hogg has white | | |blossoms. | | | *H. paniculata |Japan |Creamy |A handsome shrub that may | |white; |be grown as a dwarf bush or | |Autumn |as a standard. | | | H. var. grandiflora| | |This is far more popular | | |than the type, and is grown | | |largely for flowering under | | |glass as well as in the | | |open ground. In this the | | |huge pyramidal-shaped heads | | |are composed entirely of | | |sterile blossoms. If to be | | |kept dwarf it must be | | |pruned back hard when | | |dormant, and only three | | |or four shoots allowed to | | |develop. | | | H. petiolaris |Japan |Creamy |A free-growing climber, (Climbing | |white; |that attaches itself to a Hydrangea) | |June and |wall by means of aerial | |July |roots after the manner of | | |ivy. It has flattened | | |clusters of flowers. | | |Being so distinct from all | | |the rest, it at once | | |attracts attention. | | | H. quercifolia |North America |White |A shrub about a yard high, | | |with large lobed leaves. | | |The flowers are less showy | | |than some of the others. It | | |needs a moist soil and a | | |very sheltered spot. | | | H. radiata |North America |White |The flowers of this are not | | |at all showy, but the | | |leaves are clothed on the | | |under sides with a dense | | |white felt-like substance, | | |which renders it very | | |noticeable when ruffled by | | |the wind. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Hypericum |Europe; |Yellow |A free-growing deciduous Androsæmum (Tutsan,|Hypericineæ | |shrub from 2 to 3 feet Syn. Androsæmum | | |high, with a mass of small officinale) | | |flowers, but not very | | |showy. It will grow in the | | |shade better than many | | |other shrubs. | | | H. aureum |North America |Yellow; |Reaches a height of about 4 | |July and |feet. The orange-yellow | |August |flowers, about 1½ inches | | |across, have a large and | | |conspicuous mass of yellow | | |stamens in the centre. | | | *H. calycinum (Rose|Levant |Yellow; |Forms a dense mass a foot of Sharon, St. | |July to |high, while the John's Wort) | |Autumn |golden-yellow flowers are | | |quite 3 inches across. The | | |long hair-like stamens are | | |very numerous and | | |attractive. It will | | |both grow and flower well | | |in shady spots. | | | H. elatum (Tall St.|North America |Yellow |Grows 4 to 5 feet high, and John's Wort) | | |is very robust. The | | |flowers, however, though | | |freely borne, are only | | |about an inch in diameter. | | | H. hircinum |Europe |Yellow; |When roughly handled the | |Autumn |leaves of this species have | | |an unpleasant goat-like | | |odour, but it is decidedly | | |ornamental, forming as it | | |does a bush a yard high, | | |while the flowers are | | |bright yellow. | | | *H. hookerianum |Himalayas |Yellow; |Rather more tender than (Syn. H. | |Autumn |some of the Hypericums, but oblongifolium) | | |a showy kind. It grows over | | |4 feet high, and has | | |clusters of large golden | | |flowers. | | | *H. moserianum |Garden hybrid |Yellow; |A hybrid between H. | |early |calycinum and H. patulum, | |Autumn |and one of the most | | |desirable of all the St. | | |John's Worts. The slender | | |branches are graceful, and | | |terminated by clusters of | | |rich golden-yellow flowers | | |a couple of inches across. | | | H. patulum |Japan |Yellow |A delightful little shrub, | | |but even in the south of | | |England it is liable to be | | |killed by a severe winter. | | | H. prolificum |North America |Yellow |Grows 3 feet high, and | | |bears its clusters of | | |blossoms very freely. The | | |individual flowers are | | |about an inch across. | | | H. uralum (Syn. H. |Himalayas |Yellow |Somewhat in the way of H. nepalense) | | |patulum, and like that | | |species rather tender. | | | Itea virginica |Virginia; |White; |A freely branched rounded |Saxifrageæ |July |shrub, from 3 to 4 feet in | | |height, and has small | | |spikes arranged in much the | | |same way as the shrubby | | |Veronicas. It is a | | |favourite of the Red | | |Admiral butterfly (Vanessa | | |Atalanta). It is quite | | |hardy, but needs a moist | | |peaty soil. | | | Jamesia americana |Rocky Mountains;|White; |A somewhat upright shrub, 4 |Saxifrageæ |April and |to 5 feet high, with | |May |oval-shaped leaves and a | | |great profusion of terminal | | |clusters of pure white | | |blossoms. It is quite hardy | | |and needs a cool moist | | |soil. | | | Kalmia angustifolia|North America; |Bright |A delightful little (Sheep Laurel) |Ericaceæ |purplish |evergreen shrub about a | |red; |couple of feet high, | |end of May|with bright-coloured, | | |saucer-shaped blossoms. All | | |the Kalmias prefer cool | | |damp soil, especially of a | | |peaty nature--indeed, | | |conditions favourable to | | |Rhododendrons suit them | | |well. | | | K. glauca |North America |Purplish |Flowers two or three weeks | |pink |earlier than the preceding, | | |and is somewhat dwarfer, | | |but is equally desirable. | | | *K. latifolia |North America |Pink; |This forms a large rounded (Mountain Laurel) | |May |bush from 6 to 8 feet high, | |through |clothed with handsome, | |Summer |bright-green foliage, while | | |the flowers are pink and | | |wax-like. It is a desirable | | |subject to associate with | | |Rhododendrons, which, | | |except in flowers, it much | | |resembles. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Koelreuteria |China; |Yellow; |A small picturesque tree 10 paniculata |Sapindaceæ |June and |to 15 feet in height, with | |July |ornamental pinnate leaves, | | |and large terminal panicles | | |of bright yellow flowers, | | |very distinct. | | | Laburnum (Cytisus) |Loudon writes: |...... |There is no need to praise vulgare (Golden |"A native of | |the laburnum; it is one of Rain or Chain) |Europe and the | |the most beautiful of all |lower mountains | |trees, and its countless |of the South of | |flowers make a shower of |Germany, and of | |gold in early summer. It |Switzerland, | |seems strange to read that |where it grows | |the laburnum is not a |to the height of| |native, for it is so |20 feet or | |general in gardens, and is |upwards. It was | |even used in hedgerows in |introduced in | |some parts of the country. |1596"; | |We have in mind a hedgerow |Leguminosæ | |in Berkshire with laburnums | | |rising above the thorn, and | | |a pleasant sight this is | | |in late May and early June. | | |Laburnums grow so freely | | |almost everywhere that they | | |are somewhat overdone in | | |gardens, but it is so | | |beautiful a tree that many | | |would say: "I don't mind | | |how many laburnums I have | | |in the garden." Mr. | | |Goldring, writing in the | | |"Gardeners' Magazine" about | | |laburnums, says:-- | | | | | |"Besides the common way of | | |growing the laburnum as a | | |shrubbery or plantation | | |tree, it may be put to | | |various other uses. It is a | | |beautiful covering for a | | |wall on the north, east, or | | |west sides. In some old | | |gardens one meets with huge | | |trees of it covering large | | |areas of wall, and | | |affording a lovely sight at | | |flower time. This is a | | |common way of growing it on | | |the Continent, and in some | | |of our old botanic gardens | | |it may be seen trained | | |against a wall as a host | | |for the wistaria, which | | |flowers about the same | | |time, and produces a lovely | | |contrast of colour. | | | | | |"I have pleasing | | |recollections of seeing it | | |in some old gardens trained | | |over a path as a covered | | |way before pergolas were in | | |vogue in this country. For | | |several weeks such covered | | |pathways are glowing with | | |colour, and for the rest of | | |the summer they afford a | | |pleasant shade. In some of | | |the old Sussex gardens | | |laburnum 'tunnels' are | | |still to be seen, and they | | |are worth imitating in new | | |gardens. | | | | | |"Of the two commonly grown | | |species of laburnum, L. | | |vulgare and L. alpinum, | | |there are numerous | | |varieties, differing more | | |or less from the types, | | |though the differences in | | |some cases are slight, even | | |from a garden point of | | |view. A laburnum is a | | |laburnum to most people, | | |and nothing more, but there | | |is a great difference | | |between a worthless | | |seedling with short flower | | |clusters of a poor yellow, | | |and the varieties such as | | |Watereri and Parksii which | | |bear racemes fully 16 | | |inches in length, and of a | | |rich-toned yellow. There | | |is, unhappily, in gardens, | | |a preponderance of inferior | | |seedling trees, because | | |they can be raised easily | | |and sold cheaply, but it is | | |better to have one grafted | | |tree of a first-rate | | |variety than a dozen | | |inferior kinds. | | | | | |"The number of named | | |varieties of L. vulgare | | |enumerated in Continental | | |and English nursery lists | | |exceed a score, and most of | | |them are mere monstrosities | | |of leaf-form or colour, | | |only appreciated by the | | |collector of curiosities. | | |The finest varieties are | | |those named Alchingerii, | | |giganteum, Carlieri, and | | |grandiflorum. Any of these, | | |if true to name, are the | | |kinds to plant. They all | | |bear very long racemes, | | |produced abundantly." | | | *L. alpinum |Called the |Yellow |This is a well-known tree. (Cytisus alpinus), |Scotch laburnum | |Some of its varieties are Scotch laburnum |because a | |very beautiful. |supposed native | | |of Scotland, but| | |this is not | | |true. Loudon | | |says: "It was | | |introduced into | | |Britain about | | |the same time as| | |the other | | |species, 1596." | | |The other | | |species is | | |Laburnum vulgare| | | | | L. Watereri |Hybrid |Yellow |We have given this special | | |prominence for the reason | | |it is a hybrid. In Bailey's | | |"American Cyclopædia" | | |occurs this note: | | |"Watereri, Dipp. (L. | | |Parksii, Hort, C. alpinus | | |and vulgaris Wittst.) | | |Hybrid of garden origin, | | |but found also wild.... As | | |hardy as L. alpinum and | | |sometimes considered to be | | |a variety of that species." | | | L. Adami (Purple |Graft-hybrid |Purple, |This is a remarkable tree, laburnum) | |yellow, |and is named after M. Adam, | |and buff |who grafted Cytisus | | |purpureus on the common | | |laburnum. Loudon says the | | |purple laburnum "is a | | |hybrid between Cytisus | | |laburnum and C. purpureus, | | |in which the flowers are of | | |a reddish purple, slightly | | |tinged with buff, and are | | |produced in pendent spikes | | |eight inches or more long. | | |It was originated in Paris, | | |in the nursery of M. Adam | | |in 1828; it was introduced | | |into England about 1829, | | |and has been a good deal | | |cultivated." We noticed a | | |tree of it in a hedgerow | | |near Burnham Common, | | |Slough. It is a strange | | |tree. Some branches will | | |perhaps bear entirely | | |yellow flowers, like those | | |of the common laburnum and | | |others varied like Cytisus | | |purpureus, by a flower that | | |shows the characters of | | |both parents. It is more | | |curious than beautiful. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Ledum latifolium |Northern portion|White; |A much-branched shrub 2 to (Labrador Tea) |of North |late April|3 feet high, and when in |America; | |bloom covered with its |Ericaceæ | |rounded clusters of white | | |blossoms. It needs a cool | | |moist peaty soil, and given | | |this it is very attractive | | |when in bloom. | | | L. palustre (Marsh |Northern part of|White, |Much like the last, except Ledum) |Eastern |tinged |that it is rather smaller, |Hemisphere |pink |and the blossoms tinged | | |with pink. | | | Leiophyllum |New Jersey and |White; |A compact little evergreen buxifolium (Sand |Virginia; |May |shrub about a foot high. Myrtle), (Syn. L. |Ericaceæ | |Every twig, however small, thymifolium) | | |bears a cluster of pretty | | |blossoms, in colour white | | |tinged with pink. It is a | | |good rockwork shrub in a | | |cool moist position. | | | Lespedeza bicolor |Japan; |Rosy red; |Sends up stiff annual |Leguminosæ |July |shoots to a height of 4 | | |feet. The leaves are | | |trifoliate. It needs a | | |warm soil, and is not | | |particularly attractive. | | | *L. Sieboldi (Syn. |China and Japan |Reddish |A deciduous sub-shrub that Desmodium | |purple; |dies nearly to the ground penduliflorum) | |September |in the winter. From the | | |base are pushed up long | | |wand-like arching shoots to | | |a height of 6 feet, clothed | | |with trifoliate leaves, and | | |bearing large terminal | | |panicles of pea-shaped | | |blossoms. Should it escape | | |the autumn frosts it is | | |delightful. | | | Leycesteria formosa|Temperate |Purplish |A very interesting shrub, 6 |Himalaya; |white, and|feet high in the milder |Caprifoliaceæ |purple |parts of these isles, but | |bracts |hardy almost everywhere. | | |These flowers are succeeded | | |by purple berries which are | | |relished by pheasants, | | |hence it is planted for | | |covert in some places. | | | Ligustrum coriaceum|China; |White |A sturdy evergreen shrub, (Thick-leaved |Oleaceæ | |with very dark-green Privet) | | |leaves, thick, about 1½ | | |inches long and roundish | | |oval in shape. It reaches a | | |height of about a yard, and | | |is of extremely slow | | |growth. | | | L. Ibota (Syn. L. |Japan |White; |A graceful shrub with long, amurense) | |June and |slender, arching branches, | |July |narrow leaves, and white | | |flowers. | | | L. japonicum |Japan |White; |Reaches a height of 6 to 8 (Japanese Privet) | |early July|feet, and forms a freely | | |branched bush clothed with | | |bright shining green leaves | | |from 2 to 3 inches, oval | | |pointed in shape. | | | *L. lucidum (Wax |China |White; |This is the most ornamental Tree) | |July and |of all the Privets in | |August |foliage, the leathery | | |dark-green leaves being | | |sometimes as much as 6 | | |inches long, and over two | | |inches wide. It reaches a | | |height of 9 to 12 feet, and | | |has large panicles of white | | |flowers. There is a | | |variety--tricolor, with | | |leaves beautifully | | |variegated, but being | | |tender it needs wall | | |protection. | | | L. massalongianum |Khasia Hills |White |The long narrow leaves of (Syn. L. | | |this species make it rosmarinifolium) | | |distinct from all other | | |Privets. It is hardy only | | |in the west of England and | | |Ireland. | | | *L. ovalifolium |Japan |White |This sub-evergreen species (Oval-leaved | | |is one of the hardiest of Privet) | | |all Privets, being much | | |used for hedges, and for | | |planting where little else | | |will thrive. Its small | | |dense clusters of flowers | | |are borne in great | | |profusion, but they (in | | |common with most Privets) | | |possess such a heavy and | | |unpleasant odour as to | | |unfit them for planting | | |near dwelling-houses. The | | |golden form of this Privet, | | |known as Aureum or | | |Elegantissimum, is met with | | |nearly everywhere, | | |particularly in the | | |environs of London. | | | *L. Quihoui |China |White; |A somewhat spreading shrub | |late |about 5 feet high, with | |September |small leaves and terminal | | |panicles of flowers. For | | |this reason it is worth | | |growing as a flowering | | |shrub. | | | *L. sinense |China |White |The finest of all Privets (Chinese Privet) | | |as regards its flowers. It | | |forms a sub-evergreen shrub | | |from 12 to 15 feet high, | | |with arching branches, and | | |frond-like arrangements of | | |the smaller branchlets, | | |which are clothed with | | |leaves about the size of | | |those of the Common Privet, | | |and pale green in colour. | | |The white flowers are borne | | |in such profusion towards | | |the end of July that the | | |entire plant is quite a | | |mass of that colour. It | | |needs a well-drained soil. | | | L. vulgare (Common |Europe |White |As a hedge plant this is to Privet) | | |a great extent superseded | | |by L. ovalifolium, but it | | |is still a useful shrub for | | |rough places. It is one of | | |the subjects that can be | | |clipped into all manner of | | |shapes, hence it is very | | |popular for topiary work. | | | *Liriodendron |United States; |Yellow; |The Tulip tree is one of tulipifera (Tulip |Magnoliaceæ |June |the most beautiful and tree) | | |distinct of all our hardy | | |trees, for the peculiarly | | |shaped four-lobed leaves | | |cannot be confounded with | | |those of any other. It | | |occurs over a considerable | | |extent of country in North | | |America, and when suitably | | |situated attains a height | | |of 130 to 140 feet. Though | | |these dimensions are not | | |reached in this country, | | |specimens nearly 100 feet | | |high are known, and its | | |great value as a timber | | |tree has been demonstrated | | |here as well as in the | | |United States, where it is | | |given the name of the White | | |Wood. The yellow Tulip-like | | |flowers, from whence its | | |popular name in this | | |country is derived, are | | |very pretty, but as a rule | | |borne at such a height that | | |their beauty cannot be | | |seen. They, however, add to | | |the interest and charm of | | |the tree, and with the | | |handsome leafage and the | | |rich yellow hue of the | | |foliage in the Autumn, as | | |well as its thorough | | |hardiness and almost | | |complete indifference to | | |soil and situation, make it | | |one of the most desirable | | |of our large growing trees. | | |There are several | | |varieties, notable among | | |them being integrifolia, in | | |which the distinctive lobes | | |of the leaves are | | |suppressed; aurea maculata, | | |whose leaves are blotched | | |with yellow; and | | |fastigiata, which is of | | |upright growth. These are | | |all interesting, but not | | |equal in beauty to the | | |type. | | | Loropetalum |China; |Pure |A very interesting shrub, chinense |Hamamelideæ |white; |with long petals, | |Winter |resembling one of the | | |flowers of Hamamelis; they | | |appear 6 to 8 together in | | |clusters at the bract tips. | | |Tender. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Magnolia acuminata |North America; |Greenish |From a flowering point of (Cucumber tree) |Magnoliaceæ |yellow |view this is one of the | | |least showy of the | | |Magnolias, but the tree has | | |handsome foliage; it | | |reaches a height of many | | |feet. The leaves are nearly | | |a foot long, and half as | | |much in width. There is a | | |tree 60 feet high in Syon | | |Park, Middlesex. | | | *M. conspicua (the |China |Pure |Of all the Magnolias, and Yulan) | |white; |indeed of all our deciduous | |early |trees, this is one of the | |Spring |finest, and also one of the | | |earliest flowering. It | | |blooms in some seasons as | | |early as March, and the | | |pure white flowers, like | | |silver chalices, stand out | | |boldly from the bare | | |dark-coloured branches. | | |Owing to the flowers | | |expanding so early, they | | |are sometimes injured by | | |spring frosts, hence in the | | |northern parts of the | | |country this species is | | |often given wall | | |protection. This Magnolia | | |succeeds best in a good, | | |well-drained, loamy soil of | | |not too heavy a nature, | | |indeed, such will suit all | | |the Magnolias perfectly. | | | M. Fraseri |North America |Creamy |A distinguishing feature of (Fraser's | |white; |this Magnolia is the shape Magnolia), (Syn. | |May |of the large leaves, which auriculata) | | |are broader towards the | | |upper portion than at the | | |base. It reaches a height | | |of 30 feet or more, but | | |needs a spot sheltered from | | |strong winds. The | | |sweet-scented flowers are | | |nearly 6 inches across. | | | M. glauca (the |North America |White |A shrub from 10 to 12 feet Swamp Magnolia) | | |high, with flowers not | | |borne all at once, as in | | |most of the others, but | | |scattered over two or three | | |months, from June onwards. | | |It makes a pretty lawn | | |shrub for a damp spot. | | | *M. grandiflora |Southern United |White; |The evergreen Magnolia is (the Evergreen |States |late |more generally grown as a Magnolia) | |Summer |wall plant than in the open | | |ground, though in the south | | |and west of England it will | | |thrive perfectly without | | |protection. As a wall | | |covering the handsome | | |dark-green leaves render it | | |effective at all seasons, | | |and they also serve as an | | |admirable setting for the | | |large cup-shaped | | |deliciously-scented | | |flowers. | | | M. hypoleuca |Japan |Creamy |In Japan this is a tree 60 | |white |feet high, and is said to | | |be a very desirable kind, | | |but it has not been long | | |introduced, and the plants | | |of it in this country are | | |small. | | | *M. Lennei |Garden origin |Glowing |The flowers of this are | |purple |large, massive in texture, | |outside, |and delightfully coloured. | |pinkish |They are a month or two | |within; |later than those of the | |late |Yulan, hence they escape | |Spring |the frosts which sometimes | | |injure it. | | | M. obovata (Syn. M.|Japan |Purple |A spreading shrub 6 to 8 purpurea) | |outside, |feet high, with flowers | |whitish |much smaller than those of | |within; |M. Lennei, and not of so | |late |pleasing a colour. It is, | |Spring |however, a handsome shrub, | | |less particular in its | | |requirements than most | | |Magnolias. | | | M. parviflora |Japan |White; |A neat bush. The centre of | |May and |the flower is occupied by a | |June |ring of bright-red | | |filaments. It is rather | | |tender. | | | *M. soulangeana |Garden origin |White, |A small tree more spreading | |tinged |in character than M. | |purple |conspicua, and flowering | |outside; |also a little later. Very | |Spring |pretty, early flowering. | | | *M. stellata (Syn. |Japan |Pure |The earliest of all the M. halleana) | |white; |Magnolias. It is a much | |March |branched shrub, seldom more | | |than 4 feet high, and as | | |much through. The flowers, | | |which are borne in great | | |profusion, are about 3 | | |inches in diameter, and | | |composed of a dozen or so | | |of strap-shaped petals; a | | |lovely shrub. There is a | | |variety of this with pink | | |flowers. | | | M. tripetala |North America |Creamy |A tree remarkable for its (Umbrella tree), | |white; |large handsome leaves, (Syn. M. Umbrella) | |early |which are arranged in a | |Summer |regular manner towards the | | |upper parts of the | | |branches. The flowers are | | |creamy white. A sheltered | | |spot suits this best. | | | M. Watsoni |Japan |Ivory |A bush about 5 feet high. | |white |The flowers are remarkable | |inside, |for their central cluster | |flushed |of crimson filaments. It | |with rose |needs a sheltered spot. | |on the | | |exterior; | | |May and | | |June | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Notospartium |New Zealand; |Rose; June|This grows in New Zealand Carmichæliæ |Leguminosæ | |several feet high, but not | | |here. It has graceful | | |shoots, which are very | | |pretty when smothered with | | |the pink pea-shaped | | |flowers. A correspondent to | | |the _Garden_, writing in | | |July 1900 from Castle | | |Douglas, N.B., says: "I am | | |sure if my plant of | | |Notospartium Carmichæliæ | | |were to be seen by any one | | |who has not got it, there | | |would be countless | | |inquiries for it. It has | | |always done well and | | |flowered freely, but this | | |year it is simply | | |magnificent, with only the | | |points of the twigs visible | | |above the mass of bright | | |pink blossoms." | | | Nuttallia |California; |White; |This is one of the cerasiformis |Rosaceæ |early |prettiest and most | |Spring |interesting of March | | |shrubs. It is of good | | |habit, and produces a large | | |quantity of dull white | | |flowers in drooping | | |racemes. The fruits, too, | | |are pretty, not unlike | | |those of a small plum, of | | |reddish-yellow colour, with | | |a plum-like bloom. It must | | |be noted that the flowers | | |are liable to be dioecious, | | |and so, therefore the sexes | | |must be planted together, | | |though we have obtained | | |fruit by sticking branches | | |of the male flowers among | | |those of the female shrub. | | | *Olearia Haastii |New Zealand; |White; |A valuable evergreen (Daisy Bush) |Compositæ |July and |Box-like shrub, laden with | |August |small white Daisy-like | | |blossoms with a yellow | | |disc. Though a native of | | |New Zealand, it is hardy in | | |most parts of England. | | | O. macrodonta (New |New Zealand |White; |This has large Holly-like Zealand Daisy | |July |leaves, silvery on the tree), (Syn. O. | | |undersides, and heads of dentata) | | |Daisy-like blossoms. Far | | |more tender than O. | | |Haastii, this needs a wall | | |in most parts of the south | | |of England, though it is | | |hardy in the extreme west | | |and in the south of | | |Ireland. | | | O. stellulata (Syn.|New Zealand |White, |An evergreen bush, with O. gunniana, | |yellow |small narrow leaves, the Eurybia gunniana) | |disc; May |undersides covered with | |and June |whitish felt. The | | |Daisy-like flowers appear | | |in profusion. Its | | |requirements are the same | | |as the last. | | | O. Traversii (Syn. |New Zealand |White; |In its native country this Eurybia Traversii) | |June |is a timber tree, but here | | |it needs the same treatment | | |as the last two. The | | |flowers are small and | | |creamy white. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Oxydendron arboreum|Eastern |Pure |This is a charming shrub, |United States; |white; |but in its native country |Ericaceæ |June and |grows to a height of 40 | |July |feet. The leaves are dark | | |green, but very richly | | |coloured in autumn. The | | |bell-shaped white flowers | | |remind one of those of the | | |Lily of the Valley, and | | |appear in pretty racemes. | | | Ozothamnus |South Australia |White; |A neat shrub, 4 to 5 feet rosmarinifolius |and Tasmania; |July |high, with narrow |Compositæ | |rosemary-like leaves, and | | |during the summer a | | |profusion of white | | |Aster-like blossoms. It is | | |hardy only in the West of | | |England. | | | *Pernettya |Cape Horn, |Berries |Many garden varieties. mucronata |introduced in |the chief |Between 1878 and 1882 the |1828; Ericaceæ |beauty |floral committee of the | | |Royal Horticultural Society | | |awarded no less than seven | | |first-class certificates, | | |selecting the following | | |varieties for the purpose: | | |P. alba, carnea nana, | | |lilacina macrocarpa, nigra | | |major, rosea purpurea. | | |and sanguinea. There are | | |ten or a dozen quite | | |distinct shades of | | |colouring, from white | | |through tenderest pink, | | |white and rosy pink, the | | |colours then reaching to a | | |soft scarlet, and ending | | |with a dark blood-red, | | |reminding one of the seeds | | |of the Pomegranate, and | | |also the differences in the | | |size of the berries and | | |foliage, particulars which | | |impart additional interest | | |to this useful group of | | |plants. Some fifty or so | | |years ago Mr. Davis of | | |Hillsborough began his | | |experiments with such forms | | |of the Pernettya as were | | |then in cultivation, and he | | |selected as his first | | |seed-parent P. | | |angustifolia, a native of | | |China, a densely branched, | | |narrow-leaved evergreen | | |shrub, growing to a height | | |of about 3 feet. The fruit | | |of this species is light | | |pink in colour. It is a | | |very effective subject, | | |thriving well under the | | |shade of trees, but in such | | |a position does not, as | | |might be expected, flower | | |so freely as when grown in | | |the open. P. mucronata, the | | |type, bears reddish-tinted | | |fruits. Regarding P. | | |angustifolia as the | | |hardiest of the two, | | |Mr. Davis made this the | | |first seed-bearing | | |parent, and found the | | |seedlings from it to vary | | |considerably in the | | |character of the foliage | | |and colour of the fruit. | | |This encouraged him to | | |take seed from the best | | |of his seedlings, and | | |from it obtained the | | |fine varieties which are | | |now in our gardens. It | | |is difficult to | | |over-estimate their | | |value as berry-bearing | | |plants in autumn in | | |peaty soil. | | | Philadelphus |Europe and |White; |A well-known shrub, from coronarius |Asia; |early May |6 to 10 feet high, with (Mock Orange |Saxifrageæ | |a profusion of white, or Syringa) | | |strongly scented | | |flowers. There are | | |several varieties, the | | |best being aurea, with | | |golden leaves, and | | |Keteleerii, with | | |double blossoms. | | | P. gordonianus |North America |White; |A free-growing bush with | |early |flowers twice the size | |July |of the preceding, and | | |about six weeks later in | | |expanding. | | | *P. grandiflorus |Southern United |White; |Forms a bush about 12 (Large-flowered |States |Midsummer |high, with large leaves Mock Orange, | | |and blossoms. It lacks Syn. P. inodorus) | | |the fragrance of the | | |other species, which is | | |to many people a point | | |in its favour. | | | P. hirsutus |North America |White |Grows about 5 feet high, (Hairy-leaved Mock | | |and bears its Orange) | | |comparatively small | | |flowers in great | | |profusion. | | | *P. Lemoinei |Garden Hybrid |White; |A hybrid between P. (Lemoine's Hybrid | |June and |coronarius and the Mock Orange) | |July |little New Mexican P. | | |microphyllus. It (P. | | |Lemoinei) forms a | | |slender, freely-branched | | |shrub about 5 feet high, | | |and has a profusion of | | |small pure-white flowers | | |that are most agreeably | | |scented, the fragrance | | |reminding one of ripe | | |apples. The variety | | |erectus is a rather | | |stronger grower, and | | |even a finer plant. | | |Other delightful hybrid | | |forms are, Boule | | |d'Argent, a neat bush | | |with double flowers; | | |Candelabre, with larger | | |blossoms than the other | | |forms of Lemoinei; Gerbe | | |de neige, dwarf form | | |with large single | | |flowers; and Manteau | | |d'Hermine, semi-double. | | |These are among the most | | |charming of all hardy | | |shrubs. | | | *P. Lewisii |Western North |White; |One of the best, with long |America |Mid-June |graceful arching shoots, | | |and large trusses of pure | | |white blossoms. | | | *P. microphyllus |New Mexico |White |A dense rounded bush, 3 (Small-leaved | | |feet high and as much Mock Orange) | | |across, clothed with tiny | | |leaves, and very fragrant | | |flowers one inch across. | | | P. Satsumi |Japan |White |Rather tenderer than the (Japanese Mock | | |American kinds this forms a Orange) | | |distinct spreading bush | | |thinner than most of the | | |others. The flowers are | | |pure white and fragrant, | | |and differ from the others | | |in that the petals are | | |less rounded and full, thus | | |forming a more starry | | |bloom. | | | *Pieris floribunda |North America; |White; |A rounded evergreen shrub, (Syn. Andromeda |Ericaceæ |April to |from 3 to 5 feet high, floribunda) | |May |clothed with very dark | | |green leaves, and with | | |spikes of pure white | | |Lily-of-the-Valley-like | | |blossoms. It needs a fairly | | |sheltered position and a | | |cool moist soil, such as | | |Rhododendrons delight in. | | | *P. formosa |Himalayas |White; |A large bold-growing shrub, | |May and |with handsome dark-green | |June |leathery foliage. It has | | |spikes of wax-like | | |urn-shaped blossoms. It is | | |too tender for general | | |cultivation, except in the | | |West of England and in | | |Ireland. | | | *P. japonica (Syn. |Japan |White |This differs from the last Andromeda japonica)| | |in the white wax-like | | |flowers being borne on | | |long pendulous racemes, so | | |that at their best the | | |entire plant is quite | | |veiled with them. The tips | | |of the growing shoots too | | |are bright red. This blooms | | |naturally earlier than P. | | |floribunda, and on that | | |account the flowers are | | |often injured by spring | | |frosts, to prevent which, | | |as far as possible, it | | |should be planted in a | | |sheltered spot, where the | | |early morning sun does not | | |shine direct on it. | | | P. mariana (Syn. |North America |White; |A deciduous shrub a yard Andromeda mariana) | |Summer |high, with wax-like | | |flowers. A damp peaty soil | | |suits it best. | | | P. ovalifolia |Nepaul |White; |Grows to a height of 10 to | |May |12 feet, and has spikes of | | |white flowers. This species | | |succeeds better in the West | | |of England and in Ireland | | |than elsewhere. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Prunus (Rosaceæ) |...... |...... |This is a beautiful genus. | | |As at present constituted | | |it contains all those trees | | |which were formerly and in | | |many places still are | | |included under the generic | | |titles of Amygdalus, | | |Persica, Cerasus, Padus, | | |&c. The genus is divided | | |into six sections, viz., | | |Amygdalus, which includes | | |Almonds and Peaches; | | |Armeniaca, the Apricots; | | |Prunus, which contains the | | |true Plums and the | | |Blackthorn; Cerasus, the | | |various Cherries; Padus, | | |the Bird Cherries; and | | |Laurocerasus, under which | | |is placed the Cherry | | |Laurel, Portugal Laurel, | | |&c. Although these genera | | |may differ outwardly, yet | | |they are botanically of the | | |same character. The genus | | |is widely spread, | | |representatives being found | | |in Europe and through Asia | | |southward to Persia and | | |Afghanistan, and eastward | | |to China and Japan; it is | | |also well represented in | | |North America. With the | | |exception of the section | | |Laurocerasus, all the | | |members of the genus are | | |deciduous trees or shrubs | | |of various sizes, and most | | |of them are very beautiful, | | |especially in spring. A | | |fairly light well-drained | | |soil is best. If inclined | | |to be cold and heavy and is | | |not very deep, the plums or | | |any which succeed on the | | |plum stock, are best, as | | |they are more | | |surface-rooting than the | | |remainder. The presence of | | |lime in the soil is highly | | |beneficial to all the | | |Prunuses and, if not | | |naturally present, can | | |easily be given in the form | | |of old mortar-rubbish | | |forked in liberally round | | |them. Propagation is | | |effected by seeds, | | |cuttings, layers, or by | | |budding or grafting. | | |Details of propagation will | | |be found with each section. | | | P. Amygdalus |Native of |Pink; |This is the Almond, the (the Almond) |Southern Europe |Spring |tree which foreshadows the |and the Levant | |coming of spring, its | | |leafless shoots enveloped | | |in pink-tinted flowers. In | | |the southern and central | | |parts of the country it is | | |largely grown, especially | | |in small suburban gardens, | | |but is not quite hardy | | |enough for the north, | | |unless the position is very | | |favourable. The fruit is | | |chiefly composed of the | | |large deeply-pitted stone, | | |which is only covered with | | |a thick, tough, woolly | | |skin. There are five good | | |varieties: Amara, the | | |Bitter Almond, with large | | |white flowers tinged with a | | |soft rose colour in the | | |centre; dulcis, the Sweet | | |Almond, with large red | | |flowers and amongst the | | |first to open; macrocarpa, | | |which has larger flowers | | |and fruits than the type, | | |but the flowers are of | | |paler colour; pendula, a | | |half-weeping variety, deep | | |pink flowers; persicoides, | | |a handsome tree, more | | |upright in growth than the | | |type, and very free. The | | |large pink flowers open | | |somewhat earlier than | | |those of the common Almond. | | | *P. davidiana |China |White or |This is a small tree and (Amygdalus | |pale rose;|one of the earliest to davidiana) | |January |bloom; the flowers opening | |or early |as early as January in mild | |February |weather, though the middle | | |or end of February is its | | |usual flowering time. The | | |buds are not injured by | | |frost, but open when the | | |weather gets milder. The | | |leaves are broader and of | | |duller colour than those of | | |the Almond, but the flowers | | |are of about the same size | | |and substance. There are | | |two forms, alba, white, | | |which is the best, and | | |rubra, rose or red. | | |Beautiful under glass. | | | P. incana |Asia Minor |Pale red; |This species is allied to (Amygdalus incana) | |March and |the pretty P. nana; it is a | |April |spreading shrub 4 to 6 feet | | |high with linear leaves | | |silvery-white underneath. | | |The flowers are about half | | |the size of those of the | | |Almond and freely produced. | | | *P. nana (Amygdalus|Eastern Europe |Rose; |This delightful little nana) |and the southern|March and |shrub is rarely more than 3 |parts of Russia |April |feet high, the thin twiggy | | |growths being covered every | | |Spring with rose-coloured | | |flowers. It makes a | | |charming bed for the | | |Spring, and is very easily | | |increased by layering. | | | P. orientalis |Western Asia |Rose; |This shrub grows to a | |April |height of about 6 feet, but | | |is not very hardy. So | | |many, however, enjoy the | | |beauty of the Almond family | | |that we include it, as in | | |many southern gardens it is | | |happy. The willow-like | | |leaves are silvery white. | | | *P. Persica (the |China, but |Pink; |This beautiful Peach), (Syn. |formerly |April or |spring-flowering tree needs Persica vulgaris |considered a |May |no description. It is not and Amygdalus |native of Persia| |grown, however, so much as Persica) | | |the various double-flowered | | |varieties, such as | | |flore-roseo-pleno and | | |flore-albo-pleno; the | | |former has very double | | |bright rose flowers and the | | |latter white. | | |Flore-rubro-pleno is a | | |double red form. The | | |variety foliis rubris has | | |deep purple-coloured | | |leaves; the flowers are | | |tinged with the same colour | | |and the fruits are dark and | | |freely produced. Magnifica | | |is a double red-flowered | | |variety with larger and | | |finer flowers than the | | |others, and the finest of | | |all. All the Almonds are | | |best propagated by budding | | |or grafting on suitable | | |stocks, which are the | | |common Almond for warm | | |light soils, and the Plum | | |for heavier soils and | | |colder localities. For | | |budding the Mussel plum | | |stock is the best to use, | | |and either the same or the | | |Myrobella plum for | | |grafting. The latter is not | | |usually a good stock for | | |budding, the bark being too | | |thin to hold the bud | | |properly, which objection | | |does not hold good with the | | |Mussel plum stock. The | | |species can also be got | | |from seeds, and P. nana is | | |best raised as stated from | | |layers, or cuttings of | | |half-ripened wood, which | | |will strike, though not | | |very readily. | | | P. Armeniaca (the | | |Many of the species in this Apricots) | | |group are amongst the most | | |precious flowering shrubs | | |of the garden. All can be | | |increased by seed. P. | | |tomentosa and P. triloba | | |flore-pleno can also be got | | |from layers or cuttings. | | |Half-ripened wood of the | | |latter will also root | | |readily, and soon form | | |sturdy young trees. These | | |two in particular should | | |always be on their own | | |roots: a plum stock kills | | |them in a few years. | | | P. Armeniaca |Northern China |Small, |We mention this because (common Apricot) | |white, |it is the parent of the | |opening |various varieties of | |early in |Apricot. | |the year, | | |and | | |frequently| | |blackened | | |by frost | | | | *P. Mume |Japan |Rose; |This is a small and pretty | |early, |tree of upright growth, and | |before the|the leaves large and | |leaves |shining green in colour. | | |There are four varieties, | | |viz., flore-albo-pleno, | | |double white; | | |flore-roseo-pleno, double | | |bright rose; | | |flore-rubro-pleno, double | | |red; and pendula, which | | |makes a pretty, small, | | |weeping tree if worked | | |standard high. | | | P. tomentosa |China and Japan |pinkish |This is a pretty, small | | |branching shrub, with stout | | |leaves covered with a thick | | |tomentum; the flowers are | | |followed by small red | | |fruits. | | | *P. triloba |China |Pink; |The species is not of much | |March or |account, but the double | |early |variety flore-pleno is one | |April |of the most handsome of | | |flowering shrubs. Its | | |large, double, | | |rose-coloured flowers are | | |produced so profusely that | | |hardly a leaf is visible. | | |For a wall it is | | |invaluable, but in this | | |position it should only be | | |pruned immediately after | | |flowering, the summer | | |growths being allowed to | | |develop at will, as this is | | |the wood that will produce | | |flowers the following | | |season. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Prunus (the Plums) | | |There are several species | | |of Prunus, but those | | |mentioned are the most | | |important for gardens. The | | |Plums are best grown from | | |seeds, but if these cannot | | |be got then they must be | | |worked upon the Wild, | | |Mussel, and Myrobella or | | |Myrobalan Plum. Plum stocks | | |should be raised from seed. | | |If got from layers or | | |suckers they are liable to | | |throw up suckers from the | | |base, and ruin the plants | | |worked on them. | | | P. cerasifera |Uncertain, but |Small, |This is the well-known (P. mirobalana) |probably of |pure |Myrobalan Plum, and the |Caucasian origin|white; |seedlings are used as | |Spring |stocks. Its hardiness and | | |vigour in almost all soils | | |and climates make it a good | | |small shrub, and its white | | |flower-clusters are | | |delightful in early spring. | | |The fruits are popular on | | |the Continent, and are red | | |in colour. It is used as a | | |hedge in some places. There | | |are two varieties, viz., | | |angustifolia pendula, which | | |is half pendulous in | | |growth, and the well-known | | |atropurpurea, more often | | |called *P. Pissardi, which | | |is a native of Persia, and | | |has warm purple leaves, | | |which get darker with age. | | |The flowers are | | |rose-tinted. It is a good | | |shrub for colour, but must | | |not be too freely planted. | | | P. communis |The origin of |White; |The wild plum is mentioned (Wild Plum) |this plum is |April and |because a well-known tree, |uncertain; it is|March |but its varieties are more |stated in some | |beautiful. *Pruneauliana is |works to be a | |very handsome; its fruit is |native of | |the prune imported from |Britain, Europe,| |abroad. It is of upright |and a part of | |growth, with downy leaves, |Asia | |and large, pure white | | |flowers. *P. fl. pl. is | | |extremely handsome; it has | | |double flowers. The wild | | |plum is the same as P. | | |domestica. | | | *P. divaricata |Wide |White; |This is one of the most |distribution |April or |beautiful of the Plums, |from Macedonia |late March|but rarely seen. A fine |Caucasus and |in a mild |example of it is now in |Persia. |season |the rock garden at Kew, |Introduced in | |and when the weather is |1822 | |mild before March is out, | | |this spreading tree is | | |enveloped in snowy-white | | |flowers. But unfortunately | | |its flowers are sometimes | | |spoilt by late frosts. The | | |growth is slender, twiggy, | | |and dark in colour. | | | P. spinosa (the |Britain, and |White |The Sloe or Blackthorn of Sloe) |Europe, North | |the English hedgerow is |Asia, &c. | |familiar, but the variety | | |*flore-pleno is a good | | |garden shrub; its spreading | | |Spring shoots are covered | | |in April with double white | | |flowers, each like a little | | |rosette, and longer lasting | | |than the Sloe of the | | |English lane. It is as yet | | |rare in British gardens. | | |This should be worked on | | |the type. | | | The Cherries | | |A beautiful group of (Cerasus group) | | |flowering trees. They are | | |propagated by seeds or by | | |grafting them on stocks of | | |the Gean (P. Avium), but | | |never resort to this | | |practice if possible to | | |avoid it. The small-growing | | |cherries, P. humilis, P. | | |Jacquemontii, P. japonica, | | |P. prostrata, and P. | | |pumila, must be increased | | |by layers; the Gean stock | | |kills them. | | | P. acida |Europe |White; |P. acida would be little | |April |heard of if it were not for | | |its variety, P. a. | | |semperflorens, (the All | | |Saints' Cherry), which | | |blooms twice or thrice in a | | |season, indeed, keeps up a | | |scattered succession from | | |May to September. The first | | |display of flowers takes | | |place in April, and in | | |about two months afterwards | | |it blooms again. The fruits | | |are very abundant, and are | | |scarlet in colour. There | | |are several other | | |varieties, but not of much | | |consequence. | | | P. Avium (the |Europe, and a |Pure |The Wild Cherry is pretty, Gean or Wild |woodland tree |white; |and it is interesting as Cherry) |in many parts |April and |the parent of the fruiting |of these Isles |May |cherries, but neither this | | |species nor its varieties, | | |decumana, white, the | | |cut-leaved laciniata, or | | |the weeping pendula, can | | |approach the beauty of the | | |*double white | | |(flore-pleno), which is one | | |of the loveliest of all | | |flowering trees. In late | | |April the whole tree seems | | |enveloped in blossom as | | |white as driven snow, and | | |it lasts for many days in | | |this condition. No garden | | |should be without this | | |queen of flowering trees. | | | P. Cerasus (Dwarf |Europe and |White; |This is not very or Wild Cherry) |Britain |Spring |interesting, except that it | | |is one of the parents of | | |the fruiting cherry, and in | | |the garden is hardly | | |wanted, as its | | |double-flowered varieties | | |are far more beautiful, | | |especially *Rhexi | | |flore-pleno, which has very | | |double, snow-white, | | |rosette-shaped flowers. It | | |is one of the most | | |beautiful of all the | | |Cherries, and when grown as | | |a standard makes a small | | |and spreading tree of much | | |charm. It is sometimes | | |catalogued as C. caproniana | | |multiplex, C. c. | | |ranunculiflora, and C. | | |serotina flore-pleno. | | |Persicifolia has similar | | |flowers, but tinged with | | |rose. C. Cerasus and C. | | |Avium have much in common, | | |but the former has smaller | | |leaves and an acid fruit. | | | P. Chamæcerasus |Europe, but long|White |This is a small shrub, (Siberian Cherry) |grown in English|flowers, |seldom more than 4 feet |gardens |¾ in. |high; it has slender | |across; |branches, shining | |Spring |dark-green leaves and | | |flowers, followed by small | | |reddish-purple acid fruits. | | |When grown as a standard | | |it makes a round, | | |half-drooping and graceful | | |tree. | | | *P. japonica |China and Japan |Double, |This is one of the | |pure white|prettiest of small shrubs | | |when in flower. It is very | | |charming against a wall, | | |but is a success in the | | |open, flowering freely, and | | |for this reason makes an | | |interesting and beautiful | | |group. It grows between 3 | | |and 4 feet high, and its | | |long slender branches are | | |often weighed down by the | | |wealth of pure-white | | |flowers. The leaves are | | |tinged with red when young. | | |The flowers of the variety | | |flore-roseo-pleno are rich | | |rose; it is a beautiful | | |shrub. Increase only by | | |layers or by cuttings; | | |never graft. | | | *P. prostrata |Mountains of the|Bright |Mr. Goldring in the |Levant |pink; |_Gardener's Magazine_, | |Spring |April 6, 1901, p. 210, | | |writes thus of this Cherry: | | |"I am afraid that this | | |species, which is a low | | |shrub from the mountains of | | |the Levant, is not very | | |easy to obtain, yet it is | | |one of the most delightful | | |of dwarf cherries. It is a | | |spreading plant with | | |slender arching branches, | | |but scarcely prostrate. | | |The leaves are amongst the | | |smallest in this group, | | |being from a half-inch to | | |one and a half inches long, | | |and finely toothed. Nor are | | |the flowers large, being a | | |half-inch or little more in | | |diameter, but in their | | |profusion they almost hide | | |the branches. The colour is | | |a bright, and, among | | |Prunus, unusual shade of | | |rose. This shrub was known | | |to Loudon, and was | | |recommended by him. It has, | | |indeed, been in cultivation | | |for nearly one hundred | | |years, but seems to have | | |shared the fate of many | | |other lovely hardy shrubs | | |in the middle decades of | | |last century, and almost | | |passed out of cultivation. | | |It grows at elevations of | | |5000 to 6000 feet, and is | | |perfectly hardy." | | | P. pseudo-cerasus |China and Japan |...... |This is a glorious cherry, (Japanese Cherry) | | |and very popular in Japan; | | |indeed, it is one of the | | |most beautiful | | |introductions we have had | | |from that land of flowers. | | |The recent double-flowered | | |varieties should be in all | | |gardens, and given a fairly | | |moist soil and sunny | | |situation, will bloom well. | | |P. pseudo-cerasus goes | | |under several names, such | | |as Cerasus Sieboldi rubra, | | |C. Watereri, and others. It | | |is a small tree here, with | | |stout greyish branches, and | | |firm broad serrated leaves. | | |*J. H. Veitch, with | | |intense deep rose flowers, | | |is very charming, and | | |blooms from a fortnight to | | |three weeks later than the | | |type. The brownish-tinted | | |foliage is quite a feature. | | | *P. pendula |Japan |Deep pink;|A beautiful tree of (Cerasus pendula | |April and |distinct weeping habit, and rosea) | |May |raised from seed quite | | |readily, retaining its true | | |character. The flowers are | | |borne profusely, and | | |sometimes open in March. It | | |is a tree that could be | | |raised from layers. Mr. | | |Bean, writing in the | | |_Garden_ of April 13, | | |1901, says: "Prunus pendula | | |is as naturally pendulous | | |in growth as the Babylonian | | |Willow is, and it should, | | |if possible, be obtained on | | |its own roots. It is an | | |early flowering | | |kind--probably the earliest | | |of the Cherries--being in | | |bloom as a rule soon after | | |April comes in. The flowers | | |are of a lovely shade of | | |delicate rose, but are not | | |large. They are, however, | | |freely borne, especially | | |after a hot, ripening | | |Summer and Autumn. In the | | |United States it succeeds | | |even better than here, and | | |by some authorities is | | |regarded as the loveliest | | |of Japanese trees | | |introduced to that country. | | |So much cannot be said of | | |it in Britain, but it is | | |well worth cultivation for | | |its beauty and earliness." | | | *P. serrulata |Introduced from |The |This is one of the most (Cerasus serrulata)|China about 80 |flowers |ornamental of the Cherries. |years ago. Also |are in |It is naturally a small |a native of |large |tree with a rather loose |Japan |loose |habit, and is peculiar by | |heads, and|reason of its short-jointed | |are white,|stunted-looking branches. | |or white |The leaves are fairly large | |suffused |and very evenly serrated. | |more or |For lawns or shrubberies it | |less |is excellent, making a good | |deeply |companion plant to its own | |with rose,|countryman, the | |and 1 inch|large-flowered | |to 1½ inch|pseudo-Cerasus and its | |across. |European cousins, Cerasus | |End of |and Avium. In addition to | |April |being an excellent outdoor | | |tree, it may be cultivated | | |in pots for forcing for the | | |conservatory in Winter and | | |Spring. | | | *P. Mahaleb |Europe |White; |The Mahaleb is well known | |April and |for its remarkable | |May |profusion of pure white | | |blossom and its free | | |graceful habit. In the | | |variety pendula, the | | |pendent character of the | | |branches is not unduly | | |marked, but is sufficient | | |to add greatly to the | | |beauty of the tree. It is | | |not only one of the best of | | |Cherries, but of all | | |flowering trees, and is as | | |well adapted for planting | | |in groups as it is when | | |isolated as a single | | |specimen. The flowers are | | |borne on short racemes, and | | |in such abundance as to | | |envelop the tree in a | | |snow-white mantle. Every | | |garden should have at least | | |one weeping Mahaleb. | | | P. Padus (the Bird |Europe, and a |White; |A well-known tree, and Cherry) |great part of |Spring |frequently seen in |Asia | |woodlands, where its strong | | |scent is quickly detected. | | |It is a shapely tree, | | |growing 20 feet to 30 feet | | |high, and has long erect | | |branches, and in Spring | | |drooping racemes of flowers | | |6 inches or more long. The | | |fruits are small and | | |shining black in colour. | | |There are, however, many | | |poor forms, sometimes with | | |almost greenish flowers. | | |Perhaps the most valuable | | |is the double variety, | | |flore-pleno, which has very | | |long racemes and very pure | | |white. Pendula is a weeping | | |variety which will, no | | |doubt, be an acquisition, | | |but it is of too recent | | |appearance here to say much | | |about it. It is curious to | | |note that there is a | | |variety (stricta) with an | | |exactly opposite tendency, | | |branches and racemes being | | |quite erect. P. virginiana, | | |a nearly allied Bird Cherry | | |from North America, is also | | |represented by a pendulous | | |form. P. serotina and its | | |variety pendula, and the | | |other members of the Padus | | |group, are not important. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | LAUROCERASUS | | | GROUP. | | | | | | P. ilicifolia |California |White |A tender evergreen with | | |holly-like leaves, but only | | |hardy in warm southern and | | |western countries. It is a | | |small bush, 6 feet to 8 | | |feet high, and has short | | |and erect flower racemes | | |and deep-green leaves. | | | P. Laurocerasus |East Europe |White |A well-known evergreen, too (Cherry Laurel) | | |freely planted in the past, | | |and so vigorous as to | | |over-run the garden in | | |course of years. The | | |varieties are more planted | | |than the type, as they are | | |handsomer. The most | | |distinct are Bertini | | |(latifolia), camelliæfolia, | | |caucasica, rotundifolia, | | |and schipkænsis; the last | | |mentioned is about the | | |hardiest. | | | *P. lusitanica |Spain and |White |A popular evergreen. There (Portugal Laurel) |Portugal | |are four | | |varieties--azorica, which | | |is very tender; coriacea; | | |myrtifolia, small narrow | | |leaves, and bears clipping | | |well. P. ilicifolia is the | | |only plant that need be | | |raised from seed. The | | |Cherry and Portugal | | |Laurels, with their | | |varieties, are usually | | |propagated by cuttings, | | |ripened wood of almost any | | |size being cut into pieces | | |8 inches or so in length, | | |and inserted nearly their | | |full length in the ground. | | |This can be done from the | | |time the wood is ripe | | |enough until the end of the | | |year. Practically every | | |cutting will root and make | | |sturdy plants in a | | |twelvemonth. The Portugal | | |Laurel is also largely | | |raised from seeds, which | | |are gathered when ripe and | | |sown immediately without | | |any preliminary cleaning. | | |If kept in sand until the | | |following spring, they | | |begin to grow before the | | |season is sufficiently | | |advanced to sow them, and | | |if dried, nearly a year is | | |lost before they germinate. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Pyrus |Rosaceæ | |An important and beautiful | | |genus, as it includes the | | |Pears, Apples, and Quinces | | |of the hardy fruit garden, | | |and such trees as the | | |Flowering Crabs, the White | | |Beam tree, Mountain Ash, | | |and Pyrus japonica. It is | | |divided into seven | | |sections, viz., Pyrophorum, | | |which includes the true | | |pears; Malus, the Wild Crab | | |apples, parents of many | | |garden forms; Aria, of | | |which the White Beam tree | | |is a good type; Sorbus, in | | |which is found the Mountain | | |Ash; Adenorachis, which | | |only contains the North | | |American species, Cydonia, | | |the Quinces, and Mespilus, | | |with which is placed the | | |Medlar. These are found | | |practically throughout the | | |northern temperate zone, | | |under varying conditions, | | |and with one or two | | |unimportant exceptions, are | | |all hardy in this country. | | |The majority of the Pyrus | | |are trees of considerable | | |size. A few are small | | |trees, and about half a | | |dozen are low-growing and | | |dense shrubs. All are | | |deciduous, and will grow in | | |ordinary garden soil, but | | |none of them like a cold | | |and moist soil and | | |position. Ground that will | | |grow Apples and Pears well | | |will suit the Pyruses, | | |though they will thrive in | | |considerably poorer soil | | |than is recommended for | | |fruit culture. In planting, | | |the ground should be deeply | | |trenched, and the bottom | | |well broken up, any clay or | | |gravel that is encountered | | |being thrown out and | | |replaced with good soil. | | |Most of the Pyrus root | | |deeply, and if the soil is | | |not properly prepared in | | |the first place they are | | |apt to fail and get | | |cankered. Propagation is | | |done by seeds, budding, or | | |grafting, and in a few | | |cases by suckers. The best | | |ways are given with each | | |section. | | | PYROPHORUM | | | GROUP (the True | | | Pears). | | | | | | P. betulæfolia |China and Japan |White; |A small and pretty tree, 15 | |early |feet to 20 feet high, with | |Spring |leaves somewhat like those | | |of a Birch in shape, though | | |rather larger. They are on | | |long petioles, and have a | | |pleasing sound when ruffled | | |by the wind. It does not | | |flower or fruit much until | | |well established. The white | | |flowers are in dense | | |clusters and appear before | | |the leaves. | | | *P. communis (the |Europe and Asia |White; |As this is widely Wild Pear) | |Spring |distributed it varies | | |greatly. The type is more | | |interesting for its flowers | | |than for its fruit, which | | |is hard, gritty, and dry. | | |It grows 30 to 40 feet | | |high, and has long | | |spreading branches, half | | |pendulous. When the tree is | | |covered with its white | | |flowers the effect is very | | |beautiful. There are | | |several named varieties, | | |the best being flore-pleno, | | |with semi-double flowers; | | |linearis, with long, narrow | | |leaves, and pendula, | | |described by the name. | | | P. nivalis |Eastern Europe |White; |A small spreading tree | |Spring |which flowers in great | | |abundance; the fruits are | | |plentifully produced, and | | |are nearly globular in | | |shape, and of fairly good | | |flavour, but dry. The habit | | |of the tree and shape and | | |flavour of the fruit | | |suggest some of the garden | | |pears. There is a variety | | |with leaves variegated with | | |white. | | | P. sinaica |Asia Minor |White; |This is one of the few | |April |species worth growing for | | |their leaves alone, for | | |during Spring and Summer it | | |is quite silvery. Although | | |about 20 feet high in its | | |native country, it makes | | |here, as a rule, a small | | |bushy stunted tree. | | | *P. salicifolia |Levant | |A beautiful tree, about 15 (Willow-leaved | | |feet high, and delightful Pear) | | |to make groups of for the | | |sake of its long and narrow | | |silvery-white leaves. There | | |is a creeping variety of | | |it. The flowers are white, | | |and the fruits small and | | |woody, neither of much | | |account. It is the effect | | |of the foliage that we must | | |consider, which is very | | |charming when waving in the | | |wind. A good tree for | | |grouping and for small | | |gardens, and this remark | | |applies also to the weeping | | |form. The Pyrophorum group | | |will come true from seed, | | |which is the best way of | | |propagating them. If not | | |from seeds they can be | | |worked on stocks of the | | |Wild Pear, on which they do | | |fairly well, though much | | |better on their own roots. | | |There are other species in | | |this section, such as P. | | |auricularis, P. Michauxi, | | |P. parviflora, P. Pashia, | | |and P. sinensis, but the | | |above are the most | | |important. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | MALUS GROUP (the | | | Apples). | | | | | | *P. baccata |Himalaya to |Rose pink;|A well-known tree, very (Siberian Crab) |Japan |May |beautiful on the lawn. It | | |grows 20 feet to 30 feet | | |high, and as much or more | | |in diameter, and the | | |flowers smother every | | |branch, followed by a | | |glorious display of | | |brilliant scarlet fruits, | | |which are esteemed by some | | |when preserved. There are | | |several varieties, of which | | |three may be mentioned, | | |Bertini, which is of rather | | |more upright growth than | | |the type, and has large | | |white flowers and scarlet | | |fruits; and Genuina, which | | |differs from the type in | | |its more open growth and | | |larger fruits. Xanthocarpa | | |has bright golden fruits. | | | *P. coronaria |Eastern United |Rose; |A beautiful and neglected (American or |States. |May and |tree, 15 feet to 20 feet Fragrant Crab) |Introduced 1724 |early June|high, with large, | | |deliciously-fragrant | | |flowers. It is worth | | |growing on this account | | |alone. The leaves are | | |dark-green and lobed, and | | |the fruits sweetly scented | | |and grass-green, not very | | |ornamental. It should | | |become more popular in | | |English gardens. The | | |variety flore-pleno has | | |large, almost double, rich | | |rose-coloured flowers. | | | *P. floribunda |Japan |Rose; |A delightful tree and | |late |happily much planted in | |Spring and|gardens. It is quite small, | |early |little more than a graceful | |Summer |bush, rarely exceeding a | | |height of 10 feet, wreathed | | |in flowers in the | | |appropriate season, the | | |buds intense crimson, but | | |opening out a paler shade, | | |and thus there is a | | |gradation from one colour | | |to the other. It should be | | |freely grouped and planted | | |in small and large gardens. | | |The fruits are yellow, and | | |about the size of a pea. | | |There are two good | | |varieties, Atrosanguinea, | | |which has flowers of much | | |deeper colour than those of | | |the type, and flore-pleno | | |or Malus Parkmanni, as it | | |is more often called. This | | |has semi-double red | | |flowers, and reddish wood | | |and leaves. | | | P. Malus (Crab |Britain; |White; |This is the Crab Apple of Apple) |Europe and Asia |late |the hedgerow, and although | |Spring |not very ornamental, three | | |varieties of it deserve | | |notice. These are | | |*coccinea, which has large | | |scarlet fruits in | | |abundance; | | |flore-albo-pleno, with | | |large semi-double, pure | | |white flowers, and | | |Neidzwetzkyanus, a very | | |handsome form with | | |purple-tinted leaves and | | |fruit. But no tree can | | |become popular with such a | | |name. We hope it will be | | |changed. Pendula is welcome | | |for its drooping growth. | | | P. prunifolia |Siberia |Rose; |This much resembles P. | |late |baccata, and has many | |Spring |varieties, one of them | | |named pendula being a | | |beautiful weeping tree. | | | P. Ringo |Japan |Late |A small tree about 20 feet | |Spring |high, with rather long | | |spreading branches, and | | |large flower trusses | | |followed by bright yellow | | |fruits. These are sometimes | | |borne so abundantly that | | |the branches get weighed | | |down. | | | *P. Schiedeckeri |Supposed hybrid |Soft rose;|This hybrid has for its |(P. spectabilis,|May |near allies such popular |*P. Toringo) | |and beautiful plants as | | |Pyrus floribunda, P. | | |spectabilis, P. baccata | | |(Siberian Crab), &c.; yet | | |it is not inferior in | | |beauty to any of them. It | | |is only in recent years | | |that it has been in | | |commerce. It has not, of | | |course, reached its full | | |size yet in this country, | | |but it is evidently going | | |to be a small tree. It is | | |nearly related to P. | | |floribunda, but gives every | | |indication of possessing a | | |more tree-like character, | | |its branches being sturdier | | |and more erect in growth. | | |But it is for its wealth of | | |blossom that it is chiefly | | |remarkable. Even among such | | |profuse-flowering things as | | |those of its allies | | |mentioned above, it is | | |noteworthy for its | | |qualities in that respect. | | |During May, its flowering | | |season, clean branches 3 | | |feet and even 4 feet long | | |can be cut, which are | | |wreathed from end to end | | |with blossom. The flowers | | |are semi-double and come in | | |the usual Apple-like | | |clusters; each flower is | | |about 1½ inches across. | | | *P. spectabilis |China and Japan |Pink; |A beautiful and fairly well (Chinese Crab) | |Spring |known tree, 20 feet to 30 | | |feet high, with large | | |semi-double flowers of much | | |charm; the fruits are | | |bright red. Every garden | | |should possess a group of | | |it, and at least a single | | |specimen standing out by | | |itself, unfettered by trees | | |or shrubs near. There are | | |three varieties of note: | | |flore-pleno-albo, with | | |white flowers; flore-pleno; | | |and Kaido, which is a very | | |charming tree, upright in | | |growth, and with rose-pink | | |flowers and yellowish-red | | |fruits. These trees of the | | |Malus section are usually | | |propagated by being budded | | |or grafted on stocks of the | | |Common Crab. If any of them | | |are growing singly away | | |from other species, then | | |seeds from them will come | | |true to name, but where | | |various species are growing | | |together they become | | |crossed when in flower, and | | |the seedlings result in a | | |variety of hybrids, few or | | |none of which are of any | | |value. But as all of them | | |succeed very well when | | |worked on Stocks of the | | |Common Crab, this is | | |probably the better way to | | |propagate them. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | ARIA GROUP (White |...... |...... |A very distinct group. Beam trees) | | | | | | P. Aria (Common |North Temperate |White |A well-known tree, White Beam tree) |Zone | |frequently seen in chalky | | |districts. It is a large | | |tree, 40 to 50 feet high, | | |and has oval leaves, which | | |are silvery white on the | | |under surface. The white | | |flowers are borne in large | | |clusters, followed by oval | | |red or scarlet coloured | | |fruits. There are several | | |varieties. Lutescens is | | |very handsome, with its | | |broad and silvery leaves; | | |chrysophylla has leaves of | | |quite a golden hue; græca | | |is a handsome form found in | | |Greece, it is much later in | | |flowering and fruiting than | | |any of the others; | | |salicifolia has striking | | |leaves, quite silvery white | | |underneath. | | | P. decaisneana |Origin unknown; |...... |A handsome vigorous tree, |presumably a | |with oval leaves, 6 inches |hybrid | |long by 2 to 3 inches | | |broad, silvery beneath. The | | |pinkish flowers are on | | |large dense corymbs, | | |followed by bright scarlet | | |fruits. A tree well worth | | |growing. | | | *P. lanata |Himalaya |White |This is better known under | | |its garden name of Sorbus | | |majestica, and is perhaps | | |the most beautiful of this | | |section of Pyrus. It is an | | |upright-growing tree, 30 | | |feet to 40 feet high, with | | |large serrated leaves, | | |covered beneath with a | | |dense silvery tomentum. The | | |flowers are succeeded by | | |corymbs of intense scarlet | | |fruit. P. pinnatifida is | | |also of note for its | | |silvery leaves. | | | P. vestita |Northern India |White |Thoroughly hardy in this | | |country, and a handsome | | |tree, met with commonly | | |under the names of P. | | |Thomsoni and Sorbus | | |magnifica. It has large | | |oval silvery leaves, and is | | |worth growing for this | | |reason alone. The white | | |flowers and scarlet fruit | | |are an additional charm. | | |The above are all best | | |propagated from seeds, | | |which are freely produced, | | |and come true to name, with | | |the exceptions of P. alpina | | |and P. decaisneana, which, | | |being hybrids, cannot be | | |depended on. These two, and | | |the varieties of P. Aria, | | |are best worked on stocks | | |of P. Aria, on which they | | |succeed very well as a | | |rule, care being taken to | | |choose clean, vigorous | | |stocks with straight stems. | | | SORBUS GROUP. | | | | | | P. americana |North America |White |This is the American | | |Mountain Ash, and is not a | | |great success in this | | |country. It is of smaller | | |growth than our Mountain | | |Ash, and has pinnate leaves | | |and clusters of red fruit, | | |which, like those of most | | |of the Pyruses, are much | | |liked by birds. There are | | |several varieties. | | | *P. Aucuparia |Native |White; |This adds a brilliant note (Mountain Ash or | |Spring |of colour to the garden Rowan tree) | | |landscape in Autumn, and is | | |the glory of many a Scotch | | |and Welsh ravine. In the | | |north the berries are very | | |rich. There are many | | |varieties; the best are | | |asplenifolia, a very | | |handsome tree, with finer | | |leaves and more deeply | | |serrated leaflets than | | |those of the type; dulcis, | | |a handsome, vigorous | | |variety, with bold foliage | | |and larger fruits than | | |those of any of the other | | |Mountain Ashes. Fastigiata | | |has somewhat the habit of | | |the Lombardy Poplar; fructu | | |luteo has bright yellow or | | |orange fruits, which are | | |freely borne and very | | |showy; pendula is a weeping | | |form with branches that | | |sweep the ground. | | | P. lanuginosa |Eastern Europe |Dull white|This is a showy tree, 30 | | |feet to 40 feet high, with | | |pinnate leaves, woolly on | | |both surfaces. The fruits | | |are red. | | | *P. sorbus |Native |White |This is more commonly known (Service tree) | | |under the names of P. | | |domestica or Sorbus | | |domestica, and is like the | | |Mountain Ash in leaf, | | |though more spreading in | | |growth. The flowers are | | |succeeded by green fruits | | |about the same size as | | |those of a Crab Apple. | | |There are two forms, viz., | | |maliformis, with | | |apple-shaped fruits, and | | |pyriformis, with fruits | | |shaped like those of a | | |pear. | | | P. thianschanica |Eastern Asia |White |This is a comparatively new | | |introduction, but a | | |valuable tree. It has | | |reddish-coloured shining | | |wood and pinnate glossy | | |leaves, with pointed and | | |serrated leaflets. The | | |fruits are small and | | |scarlet. The above can, and | | |should, be propagated from | | |seeds, which germinate | | |readily, and the seedlings | | |soon form strong plants. | | |The varieties of the | | |Mountain Ash should be | | |worked on that species, | | |and, if absolutely | | |necessary, most of the | | |other species can be | | |increased in the same | | |manner and on the same | | |stock. We have seen P. | | |lanuginosa worked on a | | |Hawthorn stock, on which it | | |succeeded very well, but | | |should not recommend the | | |Hawthorn as a stock for any | | |of the Pyruses. | | | ADENORACHIS | | |Not a very important group, GROUP. | | |containing two species, P. | | |arbutifolia and P. nigra. | | |Both are easily raised from | | |seeds, but the quicker way | | |is to detach suckers. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | CYDONIA | | | (the Quinces) | | | | | | P. cathayensis |China |Rosy red; |Best on a wall as at Kew. | |late |Bolder in growth than P. | |Spring, |japonica, but not so hardy. | |early |Very handsome on a wall. | |Summer | | | | *P. Cydonia (Syn. |Unknown |Flesh |The Quince is for the Cydonia vulgaris) | | |garden orchard. "How seldom | | |does one see Quinces | | |planted for ornament, and | | |yet there is hardly any | | |small tree that better | | |deserves such treatment. | | |Some Quinces planted about | | |eight years ago are now | | |perfect pictures; their | | |lissome branches, borne | | |down with the load of great | | |deep-yellow fruit, and | | |their leaves turning to a | | |colour almost as rich and | | |glowing. The old English | | |rather round-fruited kind | | |with the smooth skin is the | | |best both for flavour and | | |beauty--a mature tree | | |without leaves in winter, | | |has a remarkably graceful, | | |arching, almost weeping | | |growth. The other kind is | | |of a rather more rigid | | |form, and though its | | |woolly-coated, pear-shaped | | |fruits are larger and | | |strikingly handsome, the | | |whole tree has a coarse | | |look, and just lacks the | | |attractive grace of the | | |other. They will do fairly | | |well almost anywhere, | | |though they prefer a rich | | |loamy soil, and a cool, | | |damp, or even swampy | | |place."--_Wood and Garden_, | | |p. 128. | | | *P. japonica |China and Japan |Scarlet; |A beautiful shrub, one of | |April, |the most valuable | |earlier in|introductions that we have | |some |ever had from China and | |gardens |Japan. It is the "japonica" | | |of many a cottage and | | |villa wall, and in | | |sheltered warm gardens | | |begins to bloom before | | |winter has gone, a bright, | | |cheery, and welcome shrub | | |indeed in border or on | | |wall. It is so well known | | |that a description is | | |almost needless, but there | | |are several varieties, with | | |considerable range of | | |colour, from white to | | |scarlet. We give the six | | |from the Kew list: | | |candicans, white; | | |luteo-viridis, yellow; | | |Moerloesi, crimson; | | |nivalis, white; sulphurea | | |perfecta and versicolor | | |lutescens, both yellowish. | | |All the varieties are good, | | |especially Knap-Hill | | |scarlet, which is a | | |brilliant scarlet, | | |delightful in a group; it | | |is a most valuable shrub. | | |Sinica has very showy deep | | |red flowers. | | | *P. Maulei |Japan |Orange |A charming shrub, dwarfer | |scarlet; |than P. japonica; the | |May |fruits are yellow, and have | | |a pleasant aromatic odour, | | |and, like those of P. | | |japonica, make an excellent | | |preserve. Superba is a | | |variety or rather reputed | | |hybrid between P. Maulei | | |and P. japonica, and has | | |deep scarlet flowers. | | | | | |The Quince can be | | |propagated by seeds, by | | |cuttings, or by layers. | | |Cuttings of well-ripened | | |wood about 9 inches long | | |should be taken in autumn | | |and inserted 6 inches in | | |the ground, when they soon | | |form roots and make sturdy | | |plants. P. japonica and P. | | |Maulei can be increased by | | |seeds, by suckers, or by | | |root-cuttings. Suckers are | | |freely produced by old | | |plants, and can easily be | | |detached, so that this | | |method is the easiest means | | |of propagating them. | | | MESPILUS GROUP. | | | | | | *P. germanica |Europe and Asia |Pure |A small tree for the (the Medlar) (Syn. | |white; |garden, orchard, or Mespilus vulgaris) | |early |woodland. It is handsome in | |Summer |leaf and growth, a dense | | |spreading tree, with fruits | | |of acceptable flavour when | | |eaten at the right stage. | | | *P. lobata (M. |Unknown; |White |A very handsome but Smithi; M. |probably a | |neglected tree, about 20 grandiflora) |hybrid | |feet high, with dark-green | | |leaves and snow-white | | |flowers, rather smaller | | |than those of the common | | |Medlar; it has small | | |pear-shaped reddish fruits, | | |and is a good lawn tree. | | | | | |These trees are best | | |propagated by grafting or | | |budding on the Pear or | | |Quince stocks, on which | | |they do well. The Medlar | | |can also be increased by | | |seed. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | RHODODENDRON | | | SPECIES. | | | | | | Rhododendron |Himalaya; |Bell- |This is a famous Himalayan arboreum |Ericaceæ |shaped, |Rhododendron, a tree | |various |attaining a height of 40 | |colours-- |feet in its native country. | |blood-red,|It has bold, thick foliage, | |white, |green above but quite | |rose, and,|silvery beneath, and the | |as a rule,|bell-shaped flowers vary in | |spotted |colour. There are several | | |varieties, such as album, | | |cinnamomeum, kingianum, | | |Nilagiricum, puniceum, and | | |others, but difference in | | |flower colouring is the | | |chief reason for | | |distinctive names. Not | | |hardy except in a few very | | |favoured spots, chiefly | | |Cornwall and south-west | | |generally. Must be grown | | |under glass, and requires | | |a big house. Many beautiful | | |trees in the Temperate | | |House at Kew. | | | R. barbatum |Sikkim |Bell- |This is a tree 40 feet to | |shaped, |60 feet high in its native | |blood-red,|country. It is hardier than | |1½ inches |R. arboreum. | |across | | | | R. californicum |California |Rose- |This is a strong-growing | |purple, |Californian species, the | |upper |leaves dark-green; fairly | |petal |hardy. | |spotted | | |with | | |greenish | | |yellow; | | |broadly | | |campanu- | | |late, | | |almost | | |without a | | |tube. Good| | |sized | | |umbels; | | |June | | | | R. campanulatum |Himalaya |Lilac, |This is a beautiful | |with |species, about 4 feet high. | |purplish |We have seen it in several | |spots; |Surrey gardens, but it | |June. |requires shelter. It is not | |Leaves |one of the hardiest. | |elliptic | | |or | | |elliptic | | |oblong, | | |blunt as | | |a rule at | | |both ends,| | |April | | | | R. campylocarpum |Himalaya |Bell- |The best hardy yellow | |shaped, |Rhododendron at present | |clear, |known is this. It is hardy | |pale |at Kew in sheltered spots, | |yellow, 2 |but succeeds better farther | |inches or |to the south. It is a shrub | |so across,|of neat compact habit, with | |in rather |leaves 2 inches to 3 inches | |loose |long, dark-green and glossy | |clusters; |above, blue-white beneath. | |May or |When full of flower it is a | |late April|singularly pretty and | | |distinct Rhododendron. It | | |varies somewhat in shade, | | |and the flowers are | | |sometimes of a pale lemon | | |tint, becoming almost white | | |with age. The late Mr. | | |Mangles, we believe, raised | | |some hybrids from this | | |species, but we know of | | |none in commerce. | | | R. catawbiense |Mountainous |Good-sized|This is a strong growing |regions of |heads of |species and one of the |Southern United |lilac or |hardiest of all |States |purplish |Rhododendrons, and has | |flowers; |played a large part in the | |late May |production of the present | |and June |race of garden | | |Rhododendrons, and is with | | |R. ponticum the best stock | | |on which to graft the | | |various varieties, and is | | |useful for covert. It is | | |hardier than R. ponticum, | | |and varieties with much of | | |the Catawbiense blood in | | |them are hardier than those | | |closely allied to other | | |species. Fastuosum fl. pl. | | |is a well known form. | | | R. caucasicum |Introduced |Rose or |This is a quite hardy |nearly a century|whitish |Rhododendron. The true |ago from high |green |species is rare in gardens, |rocks close to |spotted |but there are several |the snow-line in|flowers, |forms, and it has been used |Caucasus |in compact|to a great extent by the | |and |hybridist. It is dwarf, | |upright |spreading, little more than | |clusters |a foot high, with ovate | | |leaves with brownish | | |tomentum on the under | | |surface. It flowers late in | | |July or in August, but its | | |progeny is in beauty during | | |May and June. A hybrid, | | |which flowers at a | | |considerable earlier date | | |than the others, is | | |nobleanum; it claims R. | | |arboreum as its other | | |parent, and flowers from | | |December onwards until the | | |end of March. At Kew there | | |are several large groups in | | |the Rhododendron dell. | | | R. ciliatum |Sikkim |Flowers |This is a Rhododendron | |are white,|more adapted, except in the | |suffused |quite southern counties | |with rose;|such as Cornwall, South | |April |Wales, &c., for a cold | |outdoors |house. It is of compact and | | |bushy growth, 2 feet or 3 | | |feet or less high, but | | |varies according, of | | |course, to locality, and is | | |part responsible for a | | |number of hybrids, such as | | |præcox, Rosy Bell, and | | |Queen of Dwarfs. The | | |hybrids mentioned are all | | |hardy, but owing to their | | |early flowering often get | | |injured by frost. | | | R. cinnabarinum |Himalaya |Flowers |This is a very | |are |distinct-looking shrub, | |tubular, |about 3 feet; but only an | |with |approximate height can be | |short, |given, as it is sometimes | |spreading |more than this. The growth | |limb, |is somewhat loose, and the | |pendulous,|branches upright and | |and |slender, the leaves ovate, | |orange- |2 to 2½ inches long, and | |scarlet, |glaucous. Only moderately | |orange, or|hardy. | |red; they | | |vary | | |somewhat | | |in size, | | |but are | | |usually | | |about 2 | | |inches | | |long and | | |¾ of an | | |inch | | |across the| | |mouth, and| | |thick and | | |fleshy | | | | R. dauricum |Alpine regions |Rosy |This is quite hardy, but |of Eastern Asia |purple; |flowers so rarely that it | |January |is only seen in beauty very | | |often in a cold house. It | | |is almost deciduous, as | | |most of the leaves fall off | | |in winter. It is a bush, | | |and has been crossed with | | |R. ciliatum, the | | |well-known præcox and Rosy | | |Gem being two of the | | |hybrids. | | | R. ferrugineum |European Alps. |Flowers |This is frequently seen in (Alpine Rose) |Introduced about|small, |rock gardens, and grows |150 years ago |funnel- |about 1 foot high, forming | |shaped, |a rounded mass thickly | |and in |clothed with small green | |small |leaves, covered with minute | |upright |reddish-brown spots. When | |terminal |young the leaves are | |clusters |slightly hairy, but the | |in June; |mature foliage is almost | |bright |free from hairs. There are | |rose or |varieties, one with white | |scarlet |(albiflorum), another with | | |rosy or scarlet flowers | | |(myrtifolium), but there | | |are others. Its popular | | |name is Alpine Rose. | | | R. Fortunei |China |Fragrant, |This is one of the hardiest | |pale |of the Himalayan species, | |rose- |and, as it does not flower | |coloured |until well into May, it is | |flowers, |generally untouched by late | |with seven|frosts, which so disturb | |petals; |early-flowering species. It | |Mid-May |grows from 10 feet to 12 | | |feet high, and has large, | | |handsome oblong leaves. It | | |is the origin of a distinct | | |race. | | | R. fulgens |Eastern Himalaya|Blood-red;|There are several forms of | |April and |this Himalayan Rhododendron | |May |in gardens, the best | | |producing compact clusters | | |of medium-sized flowers of | | |the colour mentioned. The | | |leaves bear a striking | | |resemblance to those of R. | | |campanulatum in both size | | |and colour. Although hardy, | | |it is seldom seen in true | | |beauty outdoors, because of | | |its naturally | | |early-flowering season. | | | R. glaucum |Himalaya |Rose, |This is a dwarf species, | |waxy, ¾ of|with small oblong leaves, | |an inch |seldom more than 2 feet | |across, |high, and rarely seen in | |and in |cultivation, although very | |small |pretty. | |upright | | |heads; May| | | | R. hirsutum |Alps |Pale red; |In many ways this is the | |May and |counterpart of R. | |July |ferrugineum, the chief | | |difference being in the | | |intensely hairy leaves of | | |this species. The two | | |species grow side by side | | |in the Alps, and the one | | |under notice is one of the | | |few species that will grow | | |in a limy soil. It has also | | |been used by the hybridist. | | | R. Keysii |Bhotan |Flowers |A distinct, | |tubular, |upright-growing, scantily | |red and |branched species, | |yellow, |suggesting affinity to R. | |and 1½ |cinnabarina, but it is | |inches |quite distinct. It grows | |long; May |from 4 feet to 6 feet high, | | |has narrow quite distinct | | |ovate or lanceolate leaves | | |2 inches long. | | | R. lepidotum |Temperate and |Colour |The individual flower does |Alpine Himalayas|varies, |not suggest a Rhododendron, | |usually |so unlike other species | |purple and|is it in this respect. It | |yellowish;|is a low-growing plant with | |curious |small oblong leaves; it | |flattened |succeeds outdoors at Kew. | |form, and | | |about 1 | | |inch | | |across; | | |May and | | |June | | | | R. maximum (Great |North America |Rose, or |This will grow to a height American Laurel) | |whitish |of 35 feet, and has large, | |spotted |thick, elliptical, oblong | |with |leaves. It is not much | |yellow or |grown here. In the | |red |"Cyclopædia of American | | |Horticulture," it is | | |mentioned: "This is one of | | |the hardiest species, being | | |hardy as far north as | | |Quebec and Ontario.... | | |This species and the former | | |(catawbiense) are now often | | |extensively used in | | |park-planting, and taken by | | |the car-load from the | | |woods. If properly handled | | |and taken from a turfy soil | | |with a sufficient ball of | | |earth around the roots, | | |they are usually | | |successfully planted." | | |There are three varieties, | | |album, purpureum, and | | |roseum. | | | R. Metternichii |Japan; known |Rose; |This is not in general |here about 30 |about |cultivation, but is hardy. |years |2 inches |As yet no opportunity has | |across, |arisen of ascertaining to | |and in |what dimensions it will | |small |grow in this country; it | |clusters; |has thick and leathery | |March |oblong leaves, 3 to 4 | | |inches long, green above, | | |and covered underneath with | | |a thick grey or brownish | | |tomentum. | | | R. niveum |Himalaya; |Purplish; |At Kew this species lives |8 to 9 feet |April |outdoors, but is not a | | |success, and even in | | |Cornish gardens gets | | |injured in severe weather. | | |It makes a dense bush, with | | |medium-sized leaves, green | | |above, and covered with a | | |dense greyish tomentum | | |beneath. It has been in | | |cultivation about 40 years. | | | R. ponticum |This has a |Purple; |Of all the hardy |curious |about |Rhododendrons this is the |distribution, |2 inches |most largely grown and most |being found in |across; |popular; it is much used as |Portugal and not|May |an undergrowth in woods and |again until Asia| |other places. In many parts |Minor is reached| |it has become naturalised, | | |reproducing itself from | | |self-sown seeds. It has | | |been much used by the | | |hybridist, and with R. | | |caucasicum and R. | | |catawbiense has produced | | |many beautiful hybrids. It | | |will grow beneath trees, | | |and its evergreen foliage | | |is not the least of its | | |attractions. There are | | |several varieties. | | | R. punctatum |North America, |Flowers |A dwarf and evergreen |Alleghany |rose; 1 |species. R. minus is a |Mountains, from |inch |synonym. |North Carolina |across; in| |to Georgia |clusters | | |in June | | | | R. racemosum |First exhibited |Pink- |The introduction of this |by the |white; |added another type to this |introducers, |April |genus, for both in flower |Messrs. Veitch, | |and general habit it is |in 1892, and is | |distinct from other |a native of | |species. It is dwarf, with |Western China, | |small oval leaves, and |where it is | |flowers borne in axillary |found 6000 to | |and terminal clusters, and |10,000 feet | |so profusely that every |elevation | |branch is a mass of | | |blossom. It is quite hardy | | |and very welcome. There is | | |a form with deep rose | | |flowers. | | | R. Rhodora |North America |Magenta- |Not much grown, but colour (Rhodora | |purple; |probably not popular. It canadensis) | |April |makes an upright deciduous | | |shrub, 3 feet to 4 feet, | | |slender, twiggy wood, and | | |small ovate lanceolate | | |leaves. Should have moist | | |peaty soil. A failure on | | |dry and sandy ground. Does | | |not object to partial | | |shade. Easily increased by | | |seeds and layering. | | | R. Smirnowi |Caucasus |Crimson- |This has large flowers and | |purple; |leaves, and, as recorded | |3 inches |elsewhere, has founded a | |across; |distinct race. It blooms | |April and |freely when about a foot or | |May |so high. The leaves are | | |about 5 inches long, 2 | | |inches wide, and covered on | | |underside with a soft white | | |felt. | | | R. Thomsoni (see | | | page 437) | | | | | | R. yunnanense |Yunnan; first |White, |This is an erect shrub, |flowered at Kew |with |with glossy green leaves 2 |in 1899 |blood-red |to 2½ inches wide. A | |spots on |very useful shrub, and | |upper |should not be forgotten by | |petal; in |the hybridist. | |loose | | |clusters | | |in May | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | R. HARDY HYBRID |Ericaceæ |...... |Very few of the species of | | |Rhododendron have not some | | |value either for out of | | |doors or under glass. | | |Rhododendrons are widely | | |distributed, species being | | |found in North America, | | |Europe, and through | | |temperate Asia as far south | | |as the Malay Peninsula, the | | |headquarters of the genus | | |being Western Asia and the | | |temperate Himalaya. | | |Rhododendrons also differ | | |greatly in size, some very | | |tall as R. arborea, which | | |is sometimes said to grow | | |to a height of 40 feet in | | |the Sikkim forests, to the | | |little alpine R. | | |Chamæcistus, which rarely | | |exceeds 6 inches high. | | |There is quite as marked | | |variation in the size of | | |the leaf, several species, | | |of which R. Falconeri may | | |be taken as a type, having | | |large and handsome leaves, | | |sometimes a foot high and 6 | | |inches wide, whilst the | | |quaint little Japanese | | |species R. serpyllifolium | | |has tiny leaves not a third | | |of an inch long and of | | |corresponding width. The | | |Rhododendron family may be | | |divided into two great | | |sections, deciduous and | | |evergreen. The evergreen | | |section consists of a large | | |number of species, either | | |quite hardy or tender, the | | |tender ones being | | |represented by such | | |beautiful flowers as R. | | |griffithianum, Edgeworthi, | | |R. Dalhousiæ, R. Nuttalli, | | |the Malayan species, &c. | | |With the exception of R. | | |ponticum true species are | | |seldom met with outdoors, | | |except in gardens where | | |collections are formed, or | | |in the south-west | | |countries. The scarcity of | | |species is doubtless due to | | |many of the hybrids being | | |much hardier, and begin to | | |flower and grow at a later | | |time of the year. Although | | |some of them will stand | | |severe frost in mid-winter | | |without injury, growth | | |beginning early in the | | |year, the young leaves and | | |shoots get considerably | | |injured by the late spring | | |frosts, and flowers when | | |open in March are also | | |destroyed or much spoilt. | | |In Cornwall, South Wales, | | |and parts of Ireland, huge | | |specimens of R. arboreum, | | |barbatum, grande, | | |Falconeri, griffithianum, | ! | |and others may be seen in | | |full vigour, but all have | | |to receive protection from | | |the north. Although these | | |species cannot be grown | | |successfully outdoors in | | |most parts of the country, | | |the hybridist knows their | | |value. Through crossing | | |them with hardier and later | | |growing and flowering | | |species many beautiful | | |hybrids have been raised. | | |Hardy evergreen hybrid | | |Rhododendrons may be | | |divided into several groups | | |according to parentage. Of | | |these groups by far the | | |most familiar is the one | | |that has originated through | | |the crossing and | | |intercrossing of the | | |Himalayan R. arboreum | | |with the American R. | | |catawbiense, the Caucasian | | |species R. caucasicum, or | | |the European and Asiatic | | |ponticum. This hybridising | | |has been progressing for | | |half a century or more, | | |and the parentage is | | |plainly seen in the | | |offspring. Thus where R. | | |arboreum asserts itself | | |most strongly we find rich | | |red flowers and leaves | | |with a silvery | | |under-surface. Where R. | | |catawbiense is most in | | |evidence the leaves are | | |large and handsome, deep | | |green, and softer to the | | |touch than R. arboreum, | | |while the clusters are | | |often of great size, the | | |flowers prettily spotted, | | |and the plants of | | |exceptionally good habit. | | |For very cold districts the | | |catawbiense hybrids are the | | |best, being hardier than | | |the others. The flowers of | | |many of the earliest of the | | |R. catawbiense hybrids are | | |of lilac or purple | | |colouring. The influence of | | |R. caucasicum is most | | |plainly shown in the rose, | | |white, and heavily spotted | | |varieties, whilst it also | | |imparts some of its sturdy | | |habit to its progeny. R. | | |ponticum shares with R. | | |catawbiense the honour of | | |producing many of the best | | |lilacs and purples, but | | |through so much | | |intercrossing it is | | |difficult to trace the | | |influence of any particular | | |species in many of the | | |newer hybrids. In this | | |group raisers are | | |fastidious, regarding the | | |shape of the inflorescence | | |as of first importance, | | |that is, a conical truss | | |of symmetrical outline, the | | |flowers on short stalks and | | |held firmly in the truss. | | |In the Rhododendron dell at | | |Kew many of these hybrids | | |are to be seen, and in a | | |number of the older ones it | | |is not difficult to trace | | |the influence of the | | |various species mentioned. | | |Some of those which show | | |much of the catawbiense | | |character are album | | |elegans, white with yellow | | |spots, delicatissimum, | | |blush, everestianum, lilac | | |with darker spots, | | |fastuosum fl. pl., double | | |lilac, and purpureum | | |elegans and purpureum | | |splendens, with | | |dark-spotted flowers. R. | | |arboreum blood is very | | |noticeable in the early | | |flowering, bright-red | | |nobleanum, the rich red | | |russellianum, and | | |russellianum superbum, the | | |white dark-spotted Baron | | |Osy, the blush or almost | | |white Blanche superb, and | | |many others, whilst R. | | |ponticum is in evidence in | | |a large number of hybrids. | | |In addition to this group | | |there are others which, | | |though not so universally | | |grown, are quite as | | |beautiful. For a number of | | |years other species besides | | |those worked on to produce | | |the last-named group | | |have been taken in hand in | | |several places, notably at | | |Tremough by Mr. Gill, and | | |all who are interested in | | |shrubs know the great work | | |accomplished by Messrs. | | |Anthony Waterer of | | |Knaphill, John Waterer & | | |Sons of Bagshot, Wm. Paul & | | |Son of Waltham Cross, | | |George Paul of Cheshunt, | | |Fisher, Son & Sibray of | | |Sheffield, Messrs. J. | | |Veitch, and in the Royal | | |Gardens, Kew. | | | R. Thomsoni |Sikkim |Blood red;|R. Thomsoni may be taken as | |June |a type of a group in which | | |it has played a great part. | | |This species is hardy even | | |near London, and farther | | |north, but flowers very | | |early, so much so that | | |frost frequently destroys | | |its beauty. It grows from | | |6 feet to 15 feet, has | | |broadly ovate leaves and | | |loose trusses of six or | | |eight waxy flowers. | | | R. Luscombei |Hybrid between |Rich rosy |This was raised by Mr. |R. Thomsoni and |red; |Luscombe about thirty years |R. Fortunei |April |ago. It is finely | | |represented in the | | |Arboretum at Kew, the | | |largest specimen being 8 | | |feet high and as much | | |through. The flowers are in | | |loose trusses, tubular, 3 | | |inches across, and very | | |waxy; a handsome hybrid. | | | R. F. |Hybrid, same |Deep rose,|This is a Kew-raised Thiselton-Dyer |cross as |with |hybrid, and very similar to |Luscombei |darker |Luscombei in growth. | |mark at | | |the base | | |of the | | |tube | | | | *R. Ascot |Raised by |Rich |This is a flower of Brilliant |Mr. Standish |scarlet; |wonderful colour and the | |mid and |whole shrub in growth, size | |late May; |of calyx, texture, and | |a |clusters reminds one | |peculiarly|strongly of R. Thomsoni. It | |brilliant |is of dwarf and bushy | |colour |growth, and flowers with | | |great freedom. | | | *R. Shilsoni |Raised by Mr. |Crimson |This beautiful hybrid |Gill, gardener | |combines the good qualities |to Mr. H. | |of both parents. It |Shilston, | |resembles R. barbatum in |Tremough, | |height and R. Thomsoni in |Penrhyn, | |foliage, and the flower |Cornwall, | |truss is compact as in the |between R. | |former parent, with the |Thomsoni | |larger, more fleshy leaves |and R. barbatum | |of the latter. It is an | | |exceptionally fine | | |Rhododendron for Cornwall, | | |but at Kew is grown in a | | |cold house, although a | | |small plant withstood the | | |winter of 1901-2 outside | | |without injury. | | | R. Harrisii |A hybrid raised |Red; |This is a hybrid of much |by Mr. Harris, |early |interest, and flowers |at one time |Spring |freely when quite small. It |gardener to Lord| |is apparently quite hardy, |Swansea; the | |but would be happier in the |parents are R. | |south than elsewhere. |Thomsoni and R. | | |arboreum | | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | GRIFFITHIANUM | | | GROUP. | | | | | | *R. Aucklandi |Himalaya |White; |The group, in which the | |May |Himalayan species | | |griffithianum, better known | | |as R. Aucklandi, is most | | |marked, is composed of a | | |number of large-flowered | | |hybrids which vary | | |considerably in size of | | |flower and colouring. It is | | |probably the finest species | | |of Rhododendron in | | |existence, and named in | | |honour of Lord Auckland, a | | |Governor-General of India, | | |by Sir Joseph Hooker. It | | |appears, however, to have | | |previously been named after | | |Griffith, the Indian | | |botanist, whose name it | | |ought now properly to bear. | | |It carries its flowers in | | |large, loose trusses, and | | |individually they are | | |frequently 6 inches across. | | |This Rhododendron, we | | |believe, ranks first in the | | |genus in regard to the size | | |of its bloom. Six or eight | | |of these are borne in a | | |truss, and they are pure | | |white when once fully | | |expanded, although pink in | | |the bud state. The handsome | | |leaves are smooth, | | |narrow-oblong, 6 inches to | | |12 inches long, and of a | | |deep lustrous green. When | | |fully grown this becomes a | | |small tree, the bark | | |peeling from the trunk in | | |large flakes. It is not, | | |unfortunately, one of the | | |Himalayan species that can | | |be grown out of doors near | | |London. In Cornwall and | | |similar places it is | | |magnificent. It only just | | |escapes being hardy, and | | |can be grown out of doors | | |in tubs for the greater | | |part of the year. Some of | | |the best specimens in the | | |country have, in fact, been | | |grown in this way. Even | | |when placed under glass | | |little or no fire-heat is | | |needed. We know plants that | | |have stood 18° of frost | | |without injury. It is | | |remarkable that this | | |Rhododendron has not been | | |used more for hybridising. | | |Most people seem to have | | |been slow in awakening to | | |its value, and although, at | | |the present time, there are | | |doubtless thousands of | | |young hybrids from it in | | |existence, it will be some | | |years before they flower. | | |There are, however, a few | | |hybrids that are hardy and | | |very beautiful. | | | *R. kewense |A hybrid between|Delicate |This was raised at Kew in |R. griffithianum|rose, |1875, but did not flower |and R. Aucklandi|passing to|until fourteen years later. | |white with|Since then it has flowered | |age; |very freely every year. It | |April and |makes a large bush 6 to 8 | |May |feet high, spreading, and | | |with leaves resembling | | |those of R. griffithianum, | | |and the flowers as regards | | |shape and size being also | | |similar, whilst they are | | |very sweetly scented. In | | |addition to the true | | |Kewense, there is a form in | | |cultivation with red | | |flowers. The bracts are | | |light red. Kewense is a | | |hybrid of charming | | |colouring--so many shades | | |of rose and deeper-tinted | | |buds. | | | *R. Manglesii |Hybrid sent out |White, the|This is a very beautiful |about 1880 by |upper |hybrid, popular, and very |Messrs. Veitch &|petal |free. Although the leaves |Sons, and the |spotted |are smaller, this |outcome of |with red |Rhododendron--named after |crossing R. |or reddish|one whose interest in the |griffithianum |brown; |race was intense--resembles |with the |April and |the Himalayan parent when |catawbiense |May |not in bloom, but the |hybrid album | |influence of the American |elegans | |parent is seen in the | | |flowers, which are about 4 | | |inches across. A | | |peculiarity of the | | |inflorescence is the long | | |truss. There are several | | |forms, that only differ | | |slightly in size or density | | |of the spotting from the | | |type. | | | *R. Pink Pearl |Raised by |Delicate |This beautiful Rhododendron |Messrs. J. |pink; |has rapidly become popular. |Waterer & Sons |May |The leaves and size of |of Bagshot | |flowers point to the | | |griffithianum influence. | | |The flower truss is very | | |large, well formed, and the | | |individual flowers 4 to 5 | | |inches across. | | | | | |No doubt new hybrids with | | |R. griffithianum influence | | |will be constantly | | |occurring, but raisers must | | |remember that hardy growth | | |is of the greatest | | |importance. R. | | |griffithianum has been much | | |used by Mr. Mangles as a | | |parent, in whose garden | | |there are many beautiful | | |hybrids, such as Liza | | |Stillman, Dulcie Daffan, | | |Manglesii var. delicatum, | | |Daphne Daffan, Mrs. | | |Mallard, and others. | | | FORTUNEI GROUP. | | | | | | R. Fortunei |China |White with|This species, when not in | |deep pink |flower, bears a strong | |suffusion,|likeness to R. | |and very |griffithianum, but the | |fragrant; |flowers are very distinct, | |May and |about 3 inches across, and | |early June|very fragrant, whilst each | | |one has seven petals. The | | |hybrids are of good habit, | | |flower with great freedom, | | |are very fragrant, and each | | |bloom frequently has six | | |petals, whilst the stamens | | |are often imperfect. The | | |group displays a wide range | | |of colouring, pink and deep | | |rose predominating, but a | | |few are red, and many are | | |prettily spotted or | | |blotched with red or | | |chocolate. We hope this | | |group will be better known, | | |as many of the hybrids are | | |very charming, a few having | | |names; thus those raised at | | |Kew were named respectively | | |Mrs. Thiselton-Dyer and | | |George Thiselton-Dyer. They | | |bloom profusely, the | | |flowers being very deep | | |rose with dust-brownish | | |blotches at the base; the | | |chief difference is that | | |the flowers of the former | | |are paler than those of the | | |latter. An interesting | | |hybrid raised at Kew by | | |crossing R. Fortunei with | | |the variety Meteor has | | |flowered well for the last | | |four years. The cross was | | |made in 1893, and the | | |plants flowered when only a | | |few inches high. Several | | |plants have now grown to a | | |height of 2½ feet. The | | |flowers are in compact, | | |rounded trusses, and appear | | |in May; they are delicate | | |pink, and fragrant. The | | |great peculiarity of the | | |hybrid is that no plant has | | |perfect stamens, some being | | |full size but barren, | | |others reduced to mere | | |specks, and occasionally | | |they are quite absent. | | | R. Smirnowi |Native of |Bright |This is a handsome species, |Caucasus. |rosy- |of compact growth, and 3 |Flowered for the|lilac; |feet to 6 feet high, with |first time in |April and |large, deep-green leaves, |England at Kew |May |covered on the underside |in 1893 | |with quite a dense, | | |whitish, wool-like | | |substance. The flowers are | | |from 2½ inches to 3 | | |inches across, and in | | |shapely trusses. Both at | | |Kew and in the nursery of | | |Mr. George Paul many | | |hybrids have been raised. | | |The first raised at Kew | | |resulted from crossing the | | |species with the | | |scarlet-flowered garden | | |hybrid Johnsoni in 1893. It | | |flowered when four years | | |old, and was of dwarf | | |growth, with rosy-red | | |flower. Of numerous other | | |hybrids raised since then | | |three resulted from | | |crosses made in May 1896; | | |they flowered in May 1902, | | |and are so far the best. | | |One of these was raised by | | |crossing with the variety | | |purpureum splendens; this | | |has trusses of purplish | | |flowers. Another claims R. | | |Fortunei as its male | | |parent; it has large | | |fragrant flowers with five | | |or six petals, pink, and | | |arranged in shapely | | |trusses. In the third case | | |kewense was selected as the | | |male, and this is the | | |prettiest of the three; the | | |flowers are on long stalks, | | |droop, and have daintily | | |fringed petals; they are | | |fragrant, rose colour, | | |mottled with dark spots in | | |the throat. The somewhat | | |drooping character of the | | |flowers is not an | | |advantage. | | | R. azaleoides |Cross between R.|White, |This grows about 3½ feet |(Azalea) |lilac- |high, and, as the parentage |viscosum and |tinted |shows, is a cross between |R. maximum |flowers; |the evergreen and deciduous | |June |sections. It has been known | | |under the names of | | |hybridum, fragrans, | | |odoratum. Quite hardy. | | | *R. Smithi aureum |This is not new,|Buff |This is a very beautiful |but rare; it is |inclining |Rhododendron, dwarf, not |supposed to have|to |very compact in growth, but |been raised by a|apricot; |when its handsome flower |nurseryman named|June |clusters are out the bush |Smith of | |is almost smothered with |Norbiton, | |bloom. At Saltwood, near |between a | |Hythe, in a Rhododendron |variety of R. | |glen Mr. Leney has several |caucasicum and a| |plants of it. A |yellow form of | |glaucous-leaved form is in |R. sinense, and | |cultivation, but the |is said to have | |flowers are not so rich in |been exhibited | |colour as those of the |at Chiswick in | |plainer leaved one. Quite |1841 | |hardy. | | | R. roseum odoratum |Hybrid between |Reddish; |Quite hardy. |the two |June | |sections. One a | | |white-flowered | | |deciduous | | |variety, and the| | |other a | | |red-flowered | | |evergreen form | | | | | R. altaclarense |Result of |Bright |A very charming, bright |crossing R. |scarlet |flowered hybrid. |catawbiense and | | |R. ponticum. | | |Flowered first | | |in 1835. Raised | | |at Highclere | | | | | *R. præcox |A hybrid between|Rose- |This hybrid is quite hardy, |R. ciliatum and |purple; |but must have a sheltered |R. dauricum |late |spot, if not grown in a | |February |cool house for the sake of | |and early |its colour, as it blooms | |March |early in Spring, and | | |therefore is apt to get | | |spoilt by frost and rain. | | |It makes a bush about 3 | | |feet high, spreading, with | | |a profusion of flowers, | | |very rich in colour, but | | |the variety rubrum is | | |darker than the type. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *R. (Azaleas) |...... |...... |For many years the hardy, | | |deciduous Rhododendrons | | |were known only as Azaleas, | | |and in many places the name | | |Azalea is still maintained. | | |When the two | | |sections--deciduous and | | |evergreen--are compared it | | |will be at once seen that | | |there is no real structural | | |difference between them. | | |Although in the making of | | |the two genera the number | | |of stamens was considered | | |one of the principal | | |points, it has since been | | |shown that it is a point | | |unworthy of notice, as the | | |number of stamens varies | | |considerably in both | | |deciduous and evergreen | | |species. It is doubtful | | |whether the name of Azalea | | |will disappear, but we are | | |following here the latest | | |classification, and | | |therefore place the | | |"Azalea" in its proper | | |group. About 20 species | | |have been known under the | | |name of Azalea, 3 or 4 of | | |which are evergreen, and | | |the remainder deciduous. Of | | |these about half-a-dozen | | |are really well known in | | |gardens, either by the type | | |plants, hybrids, or garden | | |forms. The majority of the | | |species belong to China and | | |Japan and North America, | | |one species being found in | | |the Caucasus. Several of | | |the North American species, | | |such as R. arborescens, | | |calendulaceum, nudiflorum, | | |&c., the Chinese and | | |Japanese species R. sinense | | |(better known as Azalea | | |mollis), and the Caucasian | | |flavum (Syn. Azalea | | |pontica), have proved | | |splendid breeders, and in | | |the hands of the hybridist | | |a wonderful assortment of | | |varieties has been | | |obtained, which for | | |delicate shades and rich | | |self-colourings are | | |unsurpassed among hardy | | |shrubs. The colours range | | |from white to pink and from | | |pink to blood-red, from | | |lemon to deep yellow and | | |orange-scarlet, with all | | |descriptions of intervening | | |shades and combinations of | | |colour. From R. | | |calendulaceum most of the | | |orange and orange-scarlet | | |and red forms have | | |originated; flavum has been | | |responsible for many of the | | |yellows and terra-cottas; | | |arborescens, occidentale, | | |and viscosum for the whites | | |and pale rose varieties, | | |also for the late flowering | | |ones; while R. nudiflorum | | |has been responsible for a | | |great number of hybrids of | | |all shades. As a rule it is | | |much easier to trace R. | | |sinense blood among hybrids | | |than that of other species, | | |the flowers in that case | | |being larger and the leaves | | |more closely resembling | | |those of the species, but | | |even in some of these | | |repeated intercrossing has | | |almost obliterated the | | |special sinense characters. | | |Many of these hybrids have | | |been raised in the | | |old-world city of Ghent, a | | |fact which has given rise | | |to the name "Ghent | | |Azaleas." In England Mr. | | |Anthony Waterer has raised | | |beautiful forms at | | |Knaphill, such as the pure | | |white Mrs. Anthony Waterer. | | |Few are named, however, | | |nowadays, this brilliant | | |group being called the | | |"Knaphill," and it is rich | | |in beautiful colours, from | | |white through yellow, | | |orange, buff, crimson, | | |scarlet, and other flaming | | |tones, which create | | |glorious pictures in the | | |garden in late Spring and | | |early Summer. The shrubs | | |should be planted in groups | | |in woodland and elsewhere | | |when the rich colouring of | | |the flowers is most | | |effective, and in Autumn | | |the foliage turns to warm | | |tints, crimson, brown, | | |purple, and other shades | | |intermingling, making the | | |bushes almost as beautiful | | |in their Autumn dress as | | |when covered with flowers | | |in Spring and early Summer. | | |Of late years these | | |Rhododendrons, especially | | |the sinense group, have | | |been much used for forcing, | | |and they are extremely | | |useful for that purpose, as | | |has been so well | | |demonstrated by the | | |brilliant groups exhibited | | |at various meetings of the | | |Royal Horticultural Society | | |by Messrs Cuthbert and | | |other firms. When planting | | |these hardy Azaleas, choose | | |a sheltered position, not | | |because they are tender, | | |but to protect the flowers | | |as much as possible from | | |cold winds and late frosts. | | |The majority of them are in | | |bloom before the time of | | |frosts has passed, and | | |sometimes the flowers get | | |destroyed wholesale. Few | | |shrubs are more suitable | | |for planting in woodland or | | |on the fringe of walks in | | |single groups, as here the | | |colours are fully brought | | |out. A peat soil or a | | |mixture of loam and peat | | |will provide quite suitable | | |material. Mr. Anthony | | |Waterer writes as follows: | | |"In a general way all | | |American plants may be said | | |to delight in and to | | |require what is called a | | |peat soil; it was at one | | |time believed they would | | |not grow in any other. | | |Experience, however, proves | | |the contrary, and it is now | | |found that Rhododendrons | | |and Azaleas, which are the | | |most important of that | | |class, as well as any other | | |of the more vigorous | | |plants, succeed in almost | | |any soil that does not | | |contain lime or chalk. In | | |many sandy loams they grow | | |with as much luxuriance as | | |they do in peat; in fact, | | |almost any loamy soil, free | | |from lime or chalk, may be | | |rendered suitable for them | | |by a liberal admixture of | | |leaf mould or any fibrous | | |material, such as parings | | |of pasture lands. When the | | |soil is poor, thoroughly | | |decayed cow dung is one of | | |the best manures for | | |Azaleas." Seed pods should | | |be picked off immediately | | |the flowers are over. | | | R. arborescens |Found by Pursh, |White, |This has fragrant flowers, (Syn. Azalea, |and described in|tinged |and grows about 9 feet in arborescens) |1816 in his |with rose,|the British Isles. |"Flora of North |the | |America." It is |stamens | |a native of the |scarlet; | |mountainous |occasion- | |regions from |ally the | |Pennsylvania to |colour is | |South Carolina |rose | |and Tennessee, | | |especially about| | |the lower | | |portions of the | | |mountains of | | |North Carolina, | | |where it is said| | |to grow along | | |the borders of | | |streams. It | | |attains a height| | |of from 15 feet | | |to 20 feet | | | | | R. calendulaceum |Alleghany |Great |It forms a large, handsome (A. calendulacea) |Forests. |range of |bush about 8 feet high, and |Introduced about|colour; |is one of the most |100 years ago |yellow, |beautiful of the species. | |red, | | |orange and| | |other | | |shades; | | |May and | | |June | | | | R. flavum (Syn. A. |Native of |Yellow, |Few Rhododendrons are pontica) |Caucasus, and |fragrant; |better known; it grows from |has been grown |early |6 feet to 8 feet, and has |for upwards of a|Summer |fairly large shining |century, viz., | |leaves. Excellent for |introduced in | |forcing. |1793 | | | | | R. indicum (A. |Widely |Various; |This is the plant regarded indica) |distributed in |early |as the "common" Azalea. It |the mountains of|Summer |has been improved |China and Japan | |considerably under | | |cultivation, and there are | | |several beautiful garden | | |forms of it. The majority | | |of these are unfortunately | | |not hardy, and a few only | | |can be planted outside with | | |safety. About ten years ago | | |Professor Sargent, of the | | |Arnold Arboretum, collected | | |seeds of this type in the | | |mountains of Japan. The | | |young plants have proved | | |fairly hardy, but flower, | | |as a rule, too early to be | | |of any great garden value. | | |The well-known Azalea | | |amoena is the hardiest of | | |the varieties; it is easily | | |recognised by its reddish | | |hose-in-hose flowers. | | |Balsaminæflorum is dwarf, | | |and suitable for the rock | | |garden; it has pretty, | | |double, rose-like salmon | | |flowers. In many southern | | |gardens R. indicum is | | |hardy; we have seen borders | | |of it in Mr. Leney's garden | | |near Saltwood, Hythe, and | | |of course in Devonshire and | | |Cornwall. | | | R. ledifolium (A. |China and Japan |Pure |This reminds one of the old ledifolia) | |white; |white A. indica of gardens, | |March |but the leaves are more | | |hairy, and it is hardier. | | |It is like the preceding, | | |and evergreen. It grows | | |well out of doors in the | | |Royal Gardens, Kew. | | | R. nudiflorum (A. |From Canada to |Pinkish as|An extremely useful shrub, nudiflora) |Florida and |a rule; |and has been of |Texas. On side |April and |considerable service to the |of hills. |May |hybridist. It grows about 6 |Introduced in | |feet high, and makes a |1734 | |wide-spreading bush. It | | |bears pinkish-coloured | | |flowers, though many hues | | |are to be found among its | | |many forms. | | | R. occidentale (A. |California |White; |This species flowers later occidentalis) | |late June |than most of the others, | | |and, through using it as a | | |parent, hybrids have been | | |produced between it and the | | |earlier flowering species, | | |thus the flowering period | | |is prolonged. It makes a | | |good-sized bush, and blooms | | |freely; the flowers are | | |fragrant; the leaves are | | |very glossy. | | | R. rhombicum (A. |Japan |Rose- |This is easily rhombica) | |lilac; |distinguished from other | |April |Rhododendrons by its | | |rhomboid leaves and large | | |flowers. In the seedling | | |stage it is somewhat | | |tender, and until several | | |years old its growth is not | | |satisfactory. | | | A. Vaseyi |Mountains of |White |Of the lesser known species |North Carolina |suffused |this is one of the most | |pink; |beautiful, and should be in | |April |every collection. It makes | | |a small bush here, though | | |in its native country it | | |grows more than 15 feet | | |high, and is quite hardy in | | |the Thames Valley. Album is | | |a white variety. | | | R. viscosum (A. |North America. |White and |This does not usually viscosa) |In shady woods |sometimes |flower until most of the |and swamps. |pink; July|others are over. It is |Introduced in | |readily recognised by its |1734 | |viscid leaves. | | | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Rhodotypos |China and Japan;|White; |A very pretty shrub, 4 to 6 kerrioides |Rosaceæ |May and |feet high, and bearing some (White-flowered | |June |resemblance to the popular Kerria) | | |Kerria japonica, hence it | | |is often called the | | |white-flowered Kerria, | | |though it is really quite | | |distinct. The white flowers | | |are very much like those of | | |a single Rose. | | | Ribes alpinum |Northern |Greenish |A beautiful group of (Alpine currant) |Hemisphere; | |flowering shrubs. R. |Saxifrageæ | |alpinum is a dwarf bush 3 | | |feet high, and has a | | |golden-leaved form, which | | |in the Spring is one of the | | |prettiest of shrubs with | | |this leaf colouring. | | | R. americanum |North America |Greenish |Has little claim to beauty, | | |except the vivid autumn | | |tints of the decaying | | |foliage. | | | *R. aureum | North America |Yellow; |A shrub 4 to 6 feet high, (Missouri Currant) | |early May |with drooping clusters of | | |golden-yellow blossoms. It | | |forms a good companion to | | |the flowering Currant, | | |Ribes sanguineum. | | | *R. gordonianum |Garden hybrid |Yellow and|A hybrid between the | |red |species immediately | | |preceding and the flowering | | |Currant; it is in all | | |respects about intermediate | | |between the two. | | | R. multiflorum |Carpathian |Yellowish |Grows 5 to 6 feet high, and |Mountains |green |is remarkable for the long, | | |pendulous and graceful | | |racemes of small yellowish | | |blossoms. | | | *R. sanguineum |Western North |Bright |A shrub 5 to 6 feet high, (Flowering Currant)|America |rosy red; |with bright-coloured | |April |flowers. A deservedly | | |popular shrub of easy | | |culture. There are numerous | | |varieties, all beautiful, | | |viz.: album, nearly white; | | |atrosanguineum, very deep | | |coloured; flore-pleno, | | |with double flowers the | | |last of all to bloom; | | |glutinosum, pale rose; | | |malvaceum, dense clusters | | |of rosy-lilac flowers. | | | *R. speciosum |California |Deep |Shrub 6 to 8 feet, stems (Fuchsia-flowered | |scarlet; |spiny, flowers very Gooseberry), (Syn. | |April and |beautiful. A delightful R. fuchsioides) | |May |wall plant, though quite | | |hardy in south of England. | | | *Robinia hispida |South United |Purplish |From a flowering point of (Rose Acacia), |States; |rose; June|view this is the finest of (Syn. Robinia |Leguminosæ | |all the Robinias. Though rosea) | | |usually a small standard | | |grafted on the common False | | |Acacia, this is naturally a | | |rambling shrub some 6 feet | | |in height, with | | |wide-spreading branches | | |clothed with dark-green | | |pinnate leaves, and about | | |June the pendulous racemes | | |of large snowy blossoms are | | |at their best. In this | | |species the stiff hairs | | |that clothe the young | | |shoots and flower stalks | | |are very noticeable, but | | |there is a variety | | |(inermis) in which they are | | |entirely absent. | | | *R. neo-mexicana |Colorado and New|Rose |A small tree related to the |Mexico | |common False Acacia, but it | | |differs from that | | |well-known tree; the chief | | |differences are--the | | |glaucous green of its | | |prettily divided leaves, | | |the bright rose tint of its | | |flowers, and the hairy | | |flower stalks and seed | | |pods. A beautiful | | |autumn-flowering tree. | | | *R. Pseudacacia |North America |White; |One of the handsomest of (Common Locust | |late May |all hardy trees; the or False Acacia) | |and June |elegant pinnate foliage | | |retained in all its | | |freshness throughout the | | |entire Summer, however hot | | |and dry, renders it a | | |delightful object during | | |the whole of that time, and | | |its beauty is considerably | | |increased when the racemes | | |of white flowers are fully | | |open. In Winter, when bare, | | |the deeply fissured bark, | | |and its somewhat rugged | | |aspect, are picturesque. | | |There are many distinct | | |varieties, chief among them | | |being--aurea, in which the | | |leaves are tinged with | | |yellow; bella rosea, a | | |smaller tree with | | |rose-coloured flowers; | | |bessoniana, a round-headed | | |thornless form; | | |decaisneana, with pretty | | |rose-tinted blossoms; | | |fastigiata, as upright as a | | |Lombardy Poplar; inermis | | |(Syn. umbraculifera), a | | |mop-headed small tree; | | |pendula, of weeping growth; | | |and semperflorens, which | | |continues to flower | | |throughout the growing | | |season. | | | R. viscosa (Clammy |North America |Pale rose;|A small tree, easily known Locust Tree), | |June and |by the sticky glands that Syn. R. glutinosa | |July |cover the new wood and | | |leaf stalks. The leaves are | | |larger than those of the | | |others. | | | *Romneya Coulteri |California |White, |Few flowers are more (Californian |(Papaveraceæ) |with |beautiful than those of the Poppy) | |golden |Californian Poppy. The | |stamens; |flowers are so simple in | |Summer |form and delicate in | | |substance. At first sight | | |they remind one of the | | |finest white crêpe, and | | |flutter in the slightest | | |breeze, their purity | | |enhanced by the great | | |golden boss of stamens from | | |which they radiate. Many of | | |the flowers are six inches | | |and more in diameter, and | | |when a dozen or more are | | |open at one time, form a | | |beautiful picture, whilst | | |the fragrance is delicate. | | |The plant, although | | |flourishing in the | | |south-west of England, is | | |not absolutely safe there; | | |several specimens were | | |killed by the severe frost | | |of a few winters ago. A | | |certain amount of | | |protection is desirable, | | |but undue coddling often | | |leads to the plant rotting | | |to the root stock and so | | |perishing. The Romneya is | | |very impatient of root | | |disturbance. When once | | |established in the open | | |ground, however, it grows | | |strongly. The seeds take a | | |long while to germinate. | | |The plants may also be | | |raised from root cuttings | | |and layers. When growing in | | |the rock-garden it often | | |sends out shoots at some | | |distance from the parent | | |stem. Probably the best | | |site for Romneya Coulteri | | |is a sheltered one backed | | |by a wall. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Rubus bambusarum |Rosaceæ |The |Henbane. Introduced by | |flowers |Messrs. Veitch from China, | |give place|the trailing branches 10 | |to a black|ft. to 12 ft. | |edible | | |fruit | | | | *R. biflorus |Himalaya; |White |This Bramble forms an (White-stemmed |Rosaceæ | |upright freely-branded Bramble) | | |specimen, 10 ft. high, and | | |has whitened stems, which, | | |especially in winter, are | | |very conspicuous. | | | *R. deliciosus |Rocky Mountains |White |A Currant-like, bushy (Rocky Mountain | | |shrub, with large white Bramble) | | |flowers (like single Roses) | | |in great profusion. It is | | |one of the finest flowering | | |shrubs we have. | | | R. flagelliformis |Central China |White |Introduced by Messrs. | | |Veitch. The flowers are on | | |growths 6 ft. to 8 ft. in | | |length. Partly evergreen. A | | |useful climber. | | | *R. fruticosus |Garden form |Pink; late|A double pink form of our flore-pleno (Double| |Summer |common Bramble, and of a Pink Bramble), | | |loose rambling nature, soon Syn. R. | | |forming a tangled mass. bellidifolius. | | | | | | R. innominatus |Hupeh; |Interest- |Introduced by Messrs. |Central China |ing for |Veitch, and is a great | |its stems |addition to dessert fruits. | |covered | | |with a | | |soft | | |pubescence| | |and large | | |orange | | |scarlet | | |fruits, | | |which are | | |edible | | | | R. laciniatus |Garden origin |White |A strong-growing Bramble (Cut-leaved | | |with elegantly cut leaves. Bramble) | | |It is essentially a plant | | |for the wild garden, while | | |the fruits are particularly | | |good. | | | R. nutkanus |North America |White |A free upright species that (Nootka Sound | | |pushes up annual shoots Raspberry) | | |like the Raspberry, while | | |the lobed leaves are | | |decidedly ornamental. The | | |large white blossoms are | | |borne in May and June. | | | R. odoratus |North America |Rosy |Somewhat like the last, but (Purple-flowered | |purple |with rosy-purple blossoms Raspberry) | | |that are rather later in | | |expanding than those of R. | | |nutkanus. It thrives best | | |in partial shade. | | | *R. phoenicolasius |Japan |Whitish |A strong-growing (Japanese Wine | | |Raspberry-like plant, Berry) | | |densely clothed with hairs. | | |It is principally | | |grown for its fruits, that | | |are, when ripe, of a bright | | |red tint, and appreciated | | |by many. But this is a | | |picturesque spreading shrub | | |worth growing for its | | |colouring and rambling | | |growth alone. It is a good | | |bank shrub, or to spread | | |about over the rougher | | |parts of the rock garden. | | | R. spectabilis |North America |Purple; |A shrub so aggressive that (Salmon Berry) | |early May |it must go into the wild | | |garden. It forms a dense | | |tuft 6 feet high, and when | | |laden with its drooping | | |purple flowers is decidedly | | |ornamental. | | | R. thyrsoideus |Garden form |White |A semi-double flore-pleno | | |white-flowered Bramble, (Double White | | |less effective, however, Bramble) | | |than the double pink. | | | Sophora japonica |China; |Creamy |Excluding the plants |Leguminosæ |white |formerly known as | |panicles, |Edwardsia, now included in | |which |Sophora, this is the only | |show up |well-known member of the | |against |genus, and it is the only | |the |one of our large-growing | |dark-green|hardy trees that flowers | |foliage |in autumn. Regarded only | | |from a foliage point of | | |view, it forms a very | | |handsome specimen, the | | |elegant pinnate leaves | | |retaining their deep green | | |tint long after most trees | | |acquire their autumnal hue. | | |Like many other Leguminosæ, | | |the deep descending nature | | |of its roots enables it | | |to resist a long period of | | |drought during the summer | | |months better than most | | |trees. It is very quick in | | |growth, and is therefore | | |valuable where rapid | | |results are desired. The | | |Sophora has been grown in | | |this country for the last | | |century and a half, and | | |though in its early days | | |considered to be rather | | |tender, it has long proved | | |to be thoroughly hardy. | | |Varieties are not numerous, | | |there being one, variegata, | | |which is but a poor thing, | | |while another, pendula, is | | |one of the most striking of | | |weeping trees. In winter | | |the bright-green bark of | | |this is a very noticeable | | |feature. | | | Spartium junceum |Europe; |Golden |Owing to the (Spanish Broom) |Leguminosæ |yellow |deeply-descending nature of | | |their roots, many of the | | |Leguminosæ resist drought | | |better than the majority of | | |shrubs. A case in point is | | |furnished by the Spanish | | |Broom, which in summer is | | |laden with its large | | |golden-yellow blossoms. | | |Against a dark-tinted | | |background it stands out | | |conspicuously, while seen | | |in a mass or clump it is | | |particularly striking. The | | |Spanish Broom ripens seeds | | |freely, from which young | | |plants can be readily | | |raised, but as they make | | |very few fibres and do not | | |as a rule transplant well, | | |they should be put into | | |their permanent quarters | | |while still young. The | | |leaves are very few in | | |number, their place being | | |filled as in some of its | | |allies by the young shoots, | | |which are dark green and | | |Rush-like. There is a | | |double variety, | | |flore-pleno. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Spiræa arguta |Garden origin; |White; |One of the best of the |S. multiflora |late April|shrubby Spiræas, forming a |and S. Thunbergi| |dense bush about 4 feet |(Rosaceæ) | |high, which towards the end | | |of April is profusely laden | | |with clusters of pure white | | |blossoms, despite frosts or | | |cold winds, which play | | |havoc with some of the | | |early kinds. | | | S. bella |Nepaul |Deep pink;|A free-growing species, 5 | |May and |feet high, with pretty | |June |flowers. | | | S. betulifolia |Europe |Clear |A dwarf bush, 2 feet high, (Syn. S. splendens)| |cherry- |with pretty cherry-pink | |pink; |flowers. | |midsummer | | | | S. brachybotrys |Garden origin; |Pale pink;|A bold bush, 6 feet or more (Syn. S. luxuriosa)|S. canescens and|June |in height. |S. Douglasi | | | | | S. bracteata |Japan |White; |Grows 5 or 6 feet high. | |May | | | | *S. bullata |Japan |Rosy |A dwarf species suitable (Syn. S. | |carmine; |for rockwork. crispifolia) | |July | | | | *S. canescens (Syn.|Himalaya |White; |The shoots of this are S. flagelliformis, | |June and |slender and arching so that Syn. S. nepalensis,| |July |it forms a graceful Syn. S. | | |freely-branded shrub, some rotundifolia) | | |5 to 8 feet in height. It | | |is one of the best Spiræas. | | | *S. discolor (Syn. |North-West |Creamy |A well-known shrub, far S. ariæfolia) |America |white; |better known, however, | |July |under the name of Spiræa | | |ariæfolia. It reaches a | | |height of 10 to 12 feet or | | |even more, with plume-like | | |clusters of creamy white | | |blossoms. This is a shrub | | |for the smallest garden. | | | *S. Douglasi |North America |Rosy red; |Forms a crowded cluster of | |July and |erect shoots 6 feet or so | |August |in height, with each shoot | | |terminated by a dense spike | | |of flowers. It succeeds | | |best in damp soil. | | | S. hypericifolia |Europe |White |The slender arching shoots | | |are clothed with clusters | | |of pure white flowers in | | |late May. | | | *S. japonica (Syn. |Japan |Rosy |Far better known under the S. callosa) | |carmine; |name of S. callosa than | |June and |that of japonica; it forms | |July |a shrub 5 or 6 feet high | | |with brightly coloured | | |flowers in flattened | | |clusters. There are many | | |distinct varieties, all | | |good, the best being alba, | | |a dwarf form with white | | |flowers; Bumalda, also | | |dwarf with pink blossoms; | | |Anthony Waterer, the | | |richest tinted of all dwarf | | |kinds; superba, a deep | | |tinted form of the type; | | |and glabrata, with | | |curiously broad leaves. | | |Anthony Waterer is | | |especially worth growing. | | | *S. lindleyana |Himalaya |White; |Reaches a height of 10 to | |August |12 feet, and is remarkable | | |for its handsome pinnate | | |leaves, while the large | | |feathery flower panicles | | |are very striking. | | | S. media (Syn S. |Europe |White; |Forms a dense rounded bush confusa) | |May |from 5 to 8 feet high, and | | |has clusters of pure white | | |blossoms in profusion. | | | S. opulifolia (Nine|North America |Whitish |One of the largest of all Bark of the United | | |the Spiræas, being of States), (Syn. | | |almost tree-like habit, but Neillia opulifolia)| | |the flowers are not showy. | | |There is a golden leaved | | |form (aurea) of dwarfer | | |habit than the type, which | | |is in the first half of the | | |season very pretty. | | | *S. prunifolia |Japan |White; |The flowers of this are flore-pleno | |Spring |quite double, like little | | |rosettes, and in clusters | | |along the arching shoots. | | |Early in April as a rule | | |they are very pretty. | | | S. salicifolia |Europe |Pinkish |A variable kind, more or | | |less approaching S. | | |Douglasi, but with | | |light-tinted flowers. | | | S. sorbifolia |Northern Europe |White; |A pinnate-leaved species | |July |somewhat in the way of S. | | |lindleyana, but it does not | | |grow more than half the | | |height and flowers a month | | |earlier. | | | S. Thunbergi |Japan |White; |The first of all the | |very early|Spiræas to bloom, but its | |Spring |beauty is often marred by | | |inclement weather. It forms | | |a dense mass of slender | | |twigs clothed with tiny | | |leaves. | | | S. Van Houttei |Garden form |White |A hybrid kind with pure | | |white blossoms, which are | | |as a rule more satisfactory | | |under glass than in the | | |open ground. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Staphylea colchica |Caucasus; |White; |A sturdy upright deciduous |Sapindaceæ |Spring |shrub, 6 to 8 feet high, | | |with drooping clusters of | | |white flowers. Though | | |decidedly ornamental it is | | |as a rule more effective | | |when flowered under glass | | |than in the open ground. | | |Needs a fairly moist loamy | | |soil. | | | *S. pinnata |Europe |Greenish |A shrub from 8 to 10 feet (European | |white; |high, which has Bladder-Nut) | |Spring |bladder-like capsules in | | |which the seeds are | | |contained. The capsules are | | |more attractive than the | | |flowers themselves. | | | S. trifolia |North America |Greenish |In the way of the last, but (American | |white; |a stronger grower, while Bladder-Nut tree) | |Spring |the leaves are pinnate. | | | Stuartia pentagyna |United States; |White; |In its native country this (Syn. |Ternstroemiaceæ |July and |attains the dimensions of a Malachodendron | |August |small tree, but in England ovatum) | | |it is from 5 to 8 feet | | |high. The flowers, somewhat | | |suggestive of those of a | | |single white Camellia, have | | |the edges of the petals | | |wavy, while the reddish | | |stamens are very | | |conspicuous. Though very | | |beautiful, this is not a | | |shrub for every garden, as | | |it needs a cool moist soil | | |with a fair proportion of | | |peat, a remark that applies | | |equally to the other | | |members of the genus. | | | *S. |Japan |White; |The finest of the Pseudo-Camellia | |with |Stuartias, bearing much | |golden |general resemblance in | |stamens; |foliage, flowers, and habit | |July and |of growth to a Camellia, | |August |hence its specific name. | | |The flowers are about 3 | | |inches in diameter. Beside | | |its other ornamental | | |qualities the leaves die | | |off in Autumn brilliantly | | |tinted with crimson and | | |gold, being in this | | |respect much superior to | | |its American relatives. | | | S. virginica (Syn. |Southern |White; |Much in the way of S. Stuartia |United States |July and |pentagyna, but forms a Malachodendron) | |August |smaller and less vigorous | | |bush, while the leaves are | | |more hairy. | | | *Styrax japonicum |China and Japan;|White; |A shrub or small tree with (Japanese Storax) |Styraceæ |Midsummer |flattened spreading | | |branchlets, thickly studded | | |on the undersides with | | |drooping pure white | | |fragrant Snowdrop-like | | |blossoms. It is a | | |delightful shrub, and best | | |in a fairly moist light | | |loam. Height 8 to 12 feet. | | |Messrs. Veitch mention that | | |it is occasionally a low | | |tree, 20 to 25 feet high, | | |and in its wild state on | | |the hillsides in central | | |Japan it flowers in May. It | | |has proved quite hardy. | | | S. Obassia |Japan |White |A very beautiful but rare | | |species, forming a more | | |sturdy bush than the last, | | |while the pure white | | |flowers are borne in | | |drooping racemes. It | | |succeeds under the same | | |conditions as the | | |preceding. | | | S. officinale |Levant |White |From 6 to 8 feet high, but | | |more delicate in | | |constitution than either of | | |those above named. It needs | | |the protection of a wall in | | |many districts. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | Syringa (lilac) |Eastern Europe |Various |A lovely family. Mr. Bean |and Northern | |in _The Garden_, April 2, |Asia; | |1898, writes: "As now |Oleaceæ | |constituted, the genus | | |consists of two groups: | | |First, the true Lilacs, | | |represented by S. vulgaris; | | |and second, the Privet-like | | |Lilacs, of which some | | |authorities have made a | | |separate genus under the | | |name Ligustrina. The | | |species in this latter | | |group are distinguished | | |from the true Lilacs by | | |flowering later in the | | |summer, and by having large | | |panicles of smaller | | |Privet-like flowers, the | | |corolla of which is white | | |and much shorter than in | | |the other group. There are | | |three of them in | | |cultivation--S. amurensis, | | |S. japonica, S. | | |pekinensis--which, however, | | |some botanists have | | |considered to be merely | | |geographical forms of one | | |species existing in | | |Manchuria, Japan, and | | |China. The following is | | |a complete list of the | | |species in gardens, with | | |some of the commoner | | |synonyms: S. Emodi, var. | | |rosea (S. Bretschneideri), | | |S. Josikæa, S. oblata (S. | | |chinensis), S. persica, | | |var. laciniata (S. | | |filicifolia, S. pinnata), | | |S. villosa (S. pubescens), | | |S. vulgaris, S. chinensis | | |(S. dubia, S. | | |rothomagensis) hybrid. | | |_Ligustrina Group._--S. | | |amurensis (Ligustrina | | |amurensis), S. japonica | | |(Ligustrina amurensis | | |var. japonica), S. | | |pekinensis (Ligustrina | | |pekinensis)." | | | S. amurensis |Manchuria; |Creamy |A sturdy bush with stout, |discovered in |white |erect branches. The small |1857 by a | |creamy white flowers are |Russian botanist| |borne on large branching |named Raffe | |racemes. It is a native of | | |the valleys of the Ussuri | | |and Amur Rivers. One of the | | |earliest of hardy shrubs to | | |break into leaf. | | | *S. chinensis |Probably raised |May |The flowers are in panicles |in Rouen Botanic| |intermediate in size |Garden by M. | |between those of its |Varin over 100 | |parents, and are of the |years ago from | |same colour. Very |seed borne by | |free-flowering and pretty, |S. persica. | |and might be recommended as |Synonyms S. | |a substitute for the common |correlata, S. | |Lilac in positions where |dubia, S. | |the latter would be too |rothomagensis | |large. To add to the | | |confusion respecting its | | |origin, it is still called | | |in some nurserymen's | | |catalogues the Siberian | | |Lilac, Rouen Lilac, and | | |Chinese Lilac. It lasts | | |longer in flower than the | | |common Lilac. | | | *S. Emodi |Dr. Aitchison |Pale |This is altogether of (Himalayan Lilac) |found this on |purple |sturdier growth than the |the Afghan | |ordinary Lilac, with large |Mountains in | |leaves and terminal |1879, 9000 feet | |panicles of flowers. Of |to 10,000 feet | |greater ornamental value is |elevation | |the variety rosea which was | | |introduced a few years ago | | |from the mountains about | | |Pekin by Dr. Bretschneider, | | |and in gardens (French | | |chiefly) it is known as | | |Syringa Bretschneideri. It | | |is more robust than the | | |type, and bears large | | |panicles of rosy-tinted | | |flowers in June or later. | | |There is a | | |variegated-leaved variety | | |of S. Emodi, which is | | |handsome when vigorously | | |grown. Another form with | | |more or less golden is | | |_foliis aureis_. When the | | |soil is rich the leaves | | |measure 6 inches long and 4 | | |inches wide. | | | S. japonica |Japan |White |A large growing shrub, of | | |bushy growth, and larger in | | |foliage than S. vulgaris. | | |It bears large branching | | |panicles of small white | | |flowers, reminding one of | | |those of the Privet, hence | | |the name of the group to | | |which it belongs | | |(Ligustrina). These | | |panicles in Japan and the | | |United States attain as | | |much as 18 inches and even | | |2 feet in length, but | | |whether it will grow in | | |this country in such a way | | |remains to be seen. | | | S. Josikæa |Hungarian |Lilac; |An old shrub of moderate (Hungarian Lilac) |Mountains |May |growth, but is not of great | | |value, as it happens to | | |flower when we have a | | |wealth of bloom from the | | |commoner kinds. It is, | | |however, interesting and | | |worth growing, if only for | | |the sake of the pretty | | |sentiment that attaches to | | |its origin, having been | | |found by Baroness Von | | |Josika in her wanderings | | |about the Hungarian | | |mountains in 1835. It may | | |be best described as a | | |small form of S. Emodi. It | | |was first grown in Britain | | |at Edinburgh, in the year | | |mentioned. Its height is 6 | | |feet to 10 feet, with the | | |young twigs of a purplish | | |colour; the panicles are | | |terminal, erect, and small | | |compared with those of the | | |more showy Lilacs, and | | |usually about 4 inches | | |long, rarely as much as 6 | | |inches to 9 inches. | | | S. pekinensis |Mountains of |White |One of the three |North China | |Privet-like Syringas, | | |and one of the last | | |introduced. It is the | | |Chinese representative of | | |the Ligustrina group. From | | |its two allies (S. | | |amurensis and S. japonica) | | |it is to be distinguished | | |by its long and much more | | |slender branches, which in | | |one form are distinctly | | |pendulous (var. pendula). | | | *S. persica |Found by Dr. |Deep |This old favourite is often (Persian Lilac) |Aitchison in |purplish; |confused with the Rouen |1879. |May |Lilac, but it is quite |Afghanistan. | |different, being smaller in |7000 feet to | |stature, with much smaller |8000 feet | |leaves, and with an elegant |elevation | |spreading habit of growth. | | |In the type the flower | | |clusters are nearly as | | |large as those of S. | | |chinensis, deep purple in | | |colour, varying to almost a | | |pure white in the variety | | |alba. In the variety | | |laciniata, known also as S. | | |ficifolia, pinnata, and | | |other names, the leaves | | |are cut or coarsely | | |toothed. It is a beautiful | | |little shrub, and suits | | |a place where the tall | | |growing kinds would be too | | |large. Like the common and | | |the Rouen Lilacs, it may be | | |forced into flower at | | |Christmas time, and, unlike | | |the others, its small size | | |enables it to be grown in | | |pots for room decoration. | | |The exact length of time | | |the Persian Lilac has been | | |in cultivation is not | | |known. It had long been | | |cultivated in the country | | |to which it owes its | | |name--since the year 1200, | | |say some authorities--but | | |it has never been found | | |truly wild in Persia. It | | |was not until 1879 that its | | |real native habitat was | | |revealed. | | | S. villosa (Syn. |Introduced from |Rose |This interesting species pubescens) |the Chihli |Lilac; May|first flowered in 1888. It |province of | |is very fragrant, and the |China in 1880 | |panicle is from 3 inches to | | |4 inches long. | | | *S. vulgaris |A native of |Lilac; |See below for remarks. (Common Lilac) |Eastern Europe, |May | |and although it | | |appears to have | | |been originally | | |introduced from | | |Persia about, or| | |previous to the | | |year 1597, it | | |was found to be | | |a native of | | |Southern | | |Hungary, in the | | |region of the | | |Danube | | |especially on | | |the chalky | | |precipices of | | |the Cverna | | |Valley and on | | |Mount Domoglet. | | |It is not found | | |truly indigenous| | |further west | | |than these | | |localities, and | | |it is not, as | | |has been stated,| | |a native of | | |Italy, although,| | |no doubt it has | | |become | | |neutralised | | |there and | | |elsewhere | | -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
The common Lilac has been the glory of English gardens since the days of Gerard and Parkinson of the sixteenth century. From the time that Parkinson grew it in a pot, with no doubt as much care and anxiety as is bestowed nowadays on a hundred-guinea Orchid, the Lilac has, on account of its extreme hardiness and easy culture, become almost naturalised in these islands, as now we see it in copse and hedgerow, besides gardens large and small, and even in the town forecourt. To every place where the Englishman goes to make a home he likes to have about him Lilacs and Roses. As in the case of several other beautiful shrubs, the improvement of the Lilac by the raising of new varieties is of comparatively recent date. Gerard and Parkinson write of the blue Pipe and the white Pipe (the Lilac being then called the Pipe tree, on account of pipes being made from its wood), besides the ordinary lilac-coloured sort, and Loudon, writing fifty years ago, only enumerates the blue (cærulea), violet (violacea), the white (alba), and alba major, and one double called alba plena, seven in all. He just mentions, however, a fine variety, Caroli (or Charles X., as we know it), which about that time had been raised in France. This still is one of the choicest sorts, and particularly valuable for forcing into early bloom in winter. Since that time there has been great activity in raising new kinds in France, till now the list of named single sorts numbers upwards of fifty, while the doubles are almost as numerous. There are far too many named sorts, in fact, as the differences between many of them are of the slightest, so that the selection of the best from catalogues, from the mere names and brief descriptions (not always accurate) is perplexing to an amateur. To no raiser do we owe more to the improvement of the Lilac of late years than to that famous veteran French hybridist, Victor Lemoine of Nancy, who has made the genus Syringa one of his special studies, and favoured as he is by a climate suitable for the free seeding of the Lilac, he has been highly successful. There are four more or less distinct shades of colour among the sorts, viz. whites, reds, pinks, and so-called blues. A selection of a dozen single sorts would include the following, placed in order of merit: _Whites_--Marie Le Gray, Alba grandiflora. _Blue or Bluish_--Cærulea or Delphine, Duchesse de Namours, Lindleyana or Dr. Lindley. _Reds or Purple-reds_--Souvenir de L. Späth, Philemon, Rubra insignis, Mme. Kreuter, Camille de Rohan, Ville de Troyes. _Pinks_--Lovanensis, Schneelavine. This selection comprises the finest sorts, having the largest flower clusters in their respective colours, and is representative of the whole of the sorts. Of the double flowered sorts there has of recent years been a great number sent from French nurseries, and only a few of the oldest sorts have developed into large specimens, and therefore one cannot judge of their merits, as in the case of the single sorts. The best varieties include the following dozen sorts: _Lavender and Blue_--Leon Simon, Renoncule, Alphonse Lavallée (pale blue). _Pinks_--President Carnot, M. de Dombasle. _Whites_--Mme. Abel Chatenay (the finest), Mme. Lemoine, Cassimir fils. _Reds_--President Grévy, Senateur Volland, Comte H. de Choiseul, Maxime Cornu. In the Lilacs there is material for the tasteful planter of gardens, yet how seldom does one see in ordinary gardens full advantage taken of them for producing beautiful effects! In the common way of planting they are dotted about shrubberies indiscriminately, and jumbled with trees and shrubs of a totally different character, so that the Lilacs cannot be seen to the fullest advantage. An isolated group of the choicest kinds, or even a simple hedge of the white or rich purple kinds is seldom seen, except in some old gardens, and still less seldom does one see any attempt at culture in the way of pruning and the cutting away of suckers. At Kew one may see bold examples of grouping Lilacs, as well as well-developed specimens standing alone on grass, while about London one sees in the market gardens fine hedges of Lilac planted for the twofold purpose of cutting from and providing shelter. Mr. Goldring writes in _The Garden_, "The most beautiful Lilac hedge I have seen was that I enjoyed recently at the White Farm, Crichel (an enclosure devoted to white animals), where there are glorious hedges of the pure white Lilac Marie Le Gray in abundant flower--quite appropriate to the white surroundings. The only culture the Lilacs require is occasional manuring in light, poor soils, occasional pruning so as to induce a bushy growth, as the growth is apt to become 'leggy,' and continuous attention in cutting away suckers, which are so plentiful as to rob the tops. Two or three suckers should be allowed to grow so as to keep up the supply of strong, vigorous flowering stems. Lilacs can be made to form standards by keeping the bush from the outset to one stem, and when seen rising out of a low hedge of Lilac, or a mass of the dwarf kinds, they have a pleasing effect, and is one of the various ways they can be arranged in planting."
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Tamarix gallica |Northern portion|Pink; May |A charming shrub, not half (the Tamarisk) |of the Old | |enough grown, owing, in |World; | |some respects at least, to |Tamariscineæ | |a wide-spread idea that it | | |will not flourish away from | | |the sea-coast. True, it | | |luxuriates there, but it | | |may be depended upon to | | |thrive anywhere unless the | | |soil is a stiff clay, | | |chalky, or too much parched | | |up in the summer. It is | | |deciduous, but during the | | |Summer the foliage is as | | |delicate as any of the | | |Conifers, and in May, when | | |the branches are terminated | | |by the waving plume-like | | |panicles of pink blossoms, | | |it is delightful. | | |As a plant for the | | |waterside it is most | | |useful, and forms a | | |pleasing picture if a score | | |or so of plants are grouped | | |on a lawn or open stretch | | |of grass. In such a | | |situation the long | | |straggling shoots must be | | |shortened back occasionally | | |to keep the plants within | | |bounds, as growing | | |unchecked they will reach a | | |height of 10 to 15 feet. | | |There are several forms of | | |Tamarisk, by some | | |considered distinct | | |species, and by others as | | |forms of T. gallica, but a | | |good deal of confusion | | |prevails concerning them. | | |One of the best (perhaps | | |the very best Tamarisk) is | | |that known as tetrandra or | | |taurica, in which the | | |feathery plumes are of a | | |deeper pink than the type. | | |Other names that occur are | | |parviflora, chinensis, and | | |japonica, but given | | |tetrandra, as a rule no | | |other is wanted. | | | T. germanica |Europe |Pinkish |A smaller shrub than the (German Tamarisk), | | |last, more upright in (Syn. Myricaria | | |growth, and with a glaucous Germanica) | | |tinge. The pinkish flowers | | |are far less effective than | | |those of the preceding. | | | *Ulex europæus (the|Europe; |Yellow |The common Furze is known Furze, Gorse, or |Leguminosæ | |to every one, but its great Whin) | | |beauty as a flowering shrub | | |is apt to be overlooked, | | |for it luxuriates in dry, | | |sandy, and stony soils, | | |where little else will | | |grow, and its golden | | |blossoms are borne usually | | |from February to May, | | |though occasionally | | |throughout the entire | | |winter. The double-flowered | | |variety--flore-pleno--is | | |even more valuable from a | | |flowering point of view | | |than the type. Both | | |transplant badly, hence the | | |common kind is usually sown | | |where it has to remain, and | | |the double-flowered form | | |struck from cuttings in a | | |frame, and kept in pots | | |till permanently planted. | | | *U. nanus (Dwarf |Europe |Yellow |Of dwarfer and denser habit Furze) | | |than the common Furze, but | | |its most prominent feature | | |consists in the fact that | | |it often commences to | | |flower in August, and | | |continues till Christmas, | | |after which the common | | |Furze asserts itself. | | |The cultural items appended | | |to the preceding species | | |apply with equal force to | | |this. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
VERONICA.--There are a vast number of Veronicas, all natives of New Zealand, and garden forms raised from them, but many can only be regarded as hardy in the extreme west of England and Ireland, whereas some of the hardiest are from their diminutive growth suitable only for rockwork. The best are--
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Veronica |Garden Origin |Purple; |A neat evergreen shrub with Andersonii |(Scrophularineæ)|Summer |dense spikes of | |and |bluish-purple blossoms in | |Autumn |great profusion for a long | | |period. Near the sea, in | | |especially favoured spots, | | |it is delightful, while in | | |other districts it forms a | | |valuable subject for | | |greenhouse or conservatory. | | |Of the numerous other | | |garden forms belonging to | | |this section the following | | |are all good: Blue Gem, | | |light blue; Bolide, | | |reddish; Celestial, sky | | |blue, light centre; La | | |Seduisante, rich | | |reddish-purple; Marie | | |Antoinette, pink; Purple | | |Queen, rich purple; and | | |Reine des Blanches, white. | | | V. hulkeana |New Zealand |Pale |Very distinct; it has large | |lavender; |terminal panicles of pale | |May and |lavender flowers. | |June | | | | *V. Traversii |New Zealand |Pale |The hardiest of all the | |mauve; |shrubby Veronicas; it is | |June and |a dense box-like bush, with | |July |a profusion of dense spikes | | |of flowers. In the | | |neighbourhood of London | | |this is a thoroughly good | | |shrub of easy culture. | | | Viburnum |Caprifoliaceæ |...... |The Viburnum family | | |includes several beautiful | | |shrubs, and of the thirty | | |or forty species and | | |varieties in cultivation at | | |least six are | | |indispensable, _i.e._ no | | |good shrub garden is | | |without them. Most of them | | |are vigorous in growth and | | |easily propagated; they | | |like a fairly rich soil | | |and moisture at the root. | | |Several of the American | | |species grow naturally in | | |damp, more or less shady | | |woodlands. Taken | | |collectively the Viburnums | | |possess a variety of | | |attractions. Some species | | |are evergreen, and thus | | |useful Winter plants; | | |others are amongst the most | | |beautiful shrubs for their | | |flowers, others again, like | | |our native Guelder Rose (V. | | |Opulus), have showy fruits; | | |finally the foliage of | | |several of the deciduous | | |species dies off rich red | | |or yellow tints. | | | V. dentatum |North America. |White; |The American Viburnums are (Arrow-wood) |Introduced in |June and |not apparently so valuable |1763 |July |in the British Isles as in | | |their native country. Most | | |of them are handsome | | |vigorous bushes, but | | |without the same flower | | |attractions as plicatum, | | |macrocephalum, and the | | |Guelder Rose (V. Opulus | | |var. sterile). Many of | | |them, however, bear very | | |showy fruits in their own | | |country, and the leaves | | |turn to beautiful Autumn | | |tints. V. dentatum is | | |deciduous, free-growing, | | |leaves bright green, deeply | | |toothed and strongly | | |veined. The trusses are 3 | | |inches to 4 inches across, | | |the flowers white, and | | |fertile. It is one of the | | |handsomest as regards | | |flowers of the American | | |Viburnums. The dark-blue | | |fruit ripens neither | | |abundantly nor regularly | | |in England. | | | V. Lantana |Britain, also |White; |A beautiful native shrub. (Wayfaring tree) |Europe North and|May and |Its chief beauty is in the |Western Asia, |June |colour of the flowers and |and N. Africa | |the gorgeous Autumn leaf | | |tints. Groups of this are | | |pictures of colour in | | |Autumn. The fruit, at first | | |black and afterwards red, | | |soon disappears before the | | |birds. The tree grows | | |rapidly and generally | | |attains a height of about | | |12 or 15 feet; the leaves | | |are large and downy. The | | |wayfaring tree should be | | |more planted in English | | |gardens. It will grow | | |almost anywhere. There are | | |two variegated-leaved | | |varieties, but these we | | |know little about, and we | | |care more for the type than | | |any golden variegation. | | | V. macrocephalum |China and Japan.|Pure white|This must be included, but |Introduced from | |it is not very hardy. Mr. |China in 1844 by| |Bean, writing of it in _The |Fortune | |Garden_, November 17, 1900, | | |p. 361, says: "The shrub | | |known under this name is a | | |cultivated form of a | | |Chinese species, in which | | |all the flowers have, under | | |artificial influences, | | |become sterile. The wild | | |plant to which it belongs | | |is also in cultivation, and | | |is known as V. Keteleeri. | | |In this type plant the | | |middle of the truss is | | |filled with perfect | | |flowers, the edges only | | |being occupied with the | | |large and showy sterile | | |ones. V. macrocephalum is | | |by far the most striking | | |plant, its large, rounded | | |or pyramidal trusses of | | |pure white flowers being | | |unequalled among the | | |Viburnums. The plant is, | | |however, better adapted for | | |growing in pots for | | |greenhouse decoration or as | | |a wall plant than it is as | | |a shrub in the open. In my | | |experience it is scarcely | | |hardy enough to assume its | | |best character without some | | |sort of protection. | | |Although hard winters may | | |not kill it outright they | | |seriously cripple it. It is | | |only in recent years that | | |it has attained popularity, | | |but it has long been | | |known." | | | V. Opulus (the |Britain, Europe |White; |Of the two species of Guelder Rose). It |and Northern |May and |Viburnum this is the better is called in |hemisphere |June |known, and is the more America the | | |valuable as a garden shrub. Cranberry bush or | | |It grows to a height of High Cranberry | | |from 10 to 15 feet, and is | | |easily known by the | | |beautiful lobed Maple-like | | |leaves, which die off | | |brilliant crimson shades. | | |Sterile as well as fertile | | |flowers are produced on | | |each truss, the flowers | | |being white and | | |three-quarters of an inch | | |across. But the wild | | |Guelder Rose is in its | | |fullest beauty in Autumn | | |when the fruits change to | | |brilliant red, and the | | |leaves gradually assume | | |their gorgeous colouring. | | |As this species appreciates | | |moisture it is a noble | | |shrub to make groups of in | | |moist places, such as by | | |stream, pond, river, or | | |moist margin. The beauty of | | |the wild Guelder Rose is | | |not realised by many | | |planters of gardens. Its | | |colouring is intense. In | | |the "Cyclopedia of American | | |Horticulture" it is | | |mentioned: "Handsome native | | |shrub, very decorative in | | |fruit, which begins to | | |colour by the end of July, | | |remains on the branches, | | |and keeps its bright | | |scarlet colour until the | | |following Spring. The | | |berries are not eaten by | | |birds." | | | V. O. sterile |Variety. Origin |White; |This is too well known to (Snowball tree) |unknown |early June|need description. It is a | | |graceful shrub, its | | |branches bent with the | | |weight of the rounded | | |flower trusses. As in the | | |case of V. macrocephalum | | |and of V. plicatum the | | |small and insignificant | | |fertile flowers have become | | |transformed by cultivation | | |into large barren ones, and | | |the truss also loses its | | |flattened shape and becomes | | |rounded or conical. It | | |appreciates a moist soil. | | | V. rhytidophyllum |China |Yellow |A handsome evergreen shrub, | |white |introduced by Messrs. | | |Veitch. Ornamental foliage, | | |and in September the | | |berries turn to a rich red | | |colour. | | | V. tomentosum |Japan |Cream |A very graceful shrub but Mariesi | |white |little known. The sterile | | |flowers are on the outer | | |edge of the flat cymes, and | | |line the spreading shoots. | | |We hope it will soon be | | |plentiful. | | | V. tomentosum var. |Japan. |Ivory |We have used the word plicatum |Introduced by |white |tomentosum as plicatum is a |Fortune in 1844 | |variety of that species. V. | | |tomentosum itself is a | | |handsome shrub with big, | | |flattish cymes and | | |creamy-white sterile | | |flowers round the margin of | | |the truss. That known as V. | | |plicatum, a sterile form of | | |V. tomentosum, is a | | |beautiful shrub; the most | | |precious perhaps of the | | |whole family. It makes a | | |glorious group on the lawn, | | |and in early June the | | |spreading shoots are so | | |thickly covered with flower | | |clusters that scarcely a | | |vestige of the dark-green, | | |wrinkled leafage is | | |visible. It is quite hardy, | | |but in the north it will be | | |wise to choose a sheltered | | |position for it. As a wall | | |shrub too it is valuable, | | |and a specimen on a wall in | | |the Royal Horticultural | | |Society's gardens at | | |Chiswick is quite a mass of | | |bloom every year. Passers | | |by who know not the shrub | | |wonder what it is making so | | |thick a mantle of white. It | | |grows 4 to 5 feet high in | | |the British Isles, taller | | |in its native country; the | | |trusses of flowers are | | |erect on short branches, | | |and each measure about 3 | | |inches across. Being in | | |pairs they make a striking | | |double row on every branch. | | |V. plicatum must come into | | |the smallest list of | | |flowering shrubs. | | | V. Tinus |South of Europe |White; |This is a well-known (Laurustinus) |and North of |flowers in|evergreen shrub, and quite |Africa. |Winter |hardy in the south of these |Introduced in |in the |Isles, where its planted as |1596 |south, but|a hedge. Even when out of | |much |flower the bush has a | |depends |certain beauty owing to its | |upon |shining green leaves. Near | |locality |London it succeeds. Many | | |things considered hardier | | |get severely injured when | | |the Laurustinus escapes. | | |North and easterly winds | | |are harmful to it. There | | |are several varieties. | | |Lucidum is the finest; the | | |leaves and corymbs are | | |larger than those of the | | |type, the former being of a | | |very glossy green and | | |smooth. In lucidum the | | |leaves and branches are | | |woolly, whilst there are | | |also purpureum, with | | |purplish leaves, and a | | |variegated variety, but | | |neither is of value. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | COUNTRY OR | COLOUR | NAME. | ORIGIN AND | AND | GENERAL REMARKS. | NATURAL ORDER. | SEASON. | -------------------+----------------+----------+--------------------------- | | | *Xanthoceras |North China |White; |A beautiful tree, but sorbifolia | |stained |seldom seen in English | |with red |gardens. The following note | |in the |appeared in _The Garden_ | |centre; |about it: "This tree does | |Spring |not appear to be widely | | |grown, and I have heard | | |doubts expressed as to its | | |being hardy enough to stand | | |the winter in some | | |districts. Not long ago I | | |saw a fine specimen in a | | |Kentish rectory garden. The | | |tree is 5 feet or 6 feet | | |high, and under the shelter | | |of a thick hedge of | | |Laurustinus it flowers | | |freely every year, and also | | |produces fruit. The long | | |white and slightly tinted | | |blooms, which change to | | |purple, are very effective, | | |but one rarely gets an | | |opportunity of seeing this | | |interesting tree in flower. | | |Perhaps this is because it | | |does not belong to the | | |common order of things, or | | |else it is not | | |accommodating enough for | | |general culture, but it is | | |very beautiful." The | | |Xanthoceras is sometimes | | |trained against a wall, but | | |its growth is too stiff for | | |the purpose. The flowers | | |are in dense spikes about 6 | | |inches long, reminding one | | |of the Horse-Chestnut, and | | |are an inch across | | |individually. The foliage | | |is very ornamental, and | | |each leaf-stalk has seven | | |pinnate, serrated, | | |bright-green leaves. Apt to | | |get spoilt by frost, | | |however. | | | Yuccas |Liliaceæ | |See pages 149, 250. -------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS FOR BEAUTY OF FOLIAGE AND GROWTH
The following is a table of hardy trees and shrubs more interesting for the beauty of their foliage and growth than for their flowers, with their popular names, approximate heights, native country, and other particulars. All are deciduous unless otherwise specified. Those with an asterisk (*) are the most important.
+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | Acanthopanax |Tree 50 ft.|Suitable for South and |Japan ricinifolium | |West of England, needs a | | |good loamy soil | | | | ,, spinosum |Shrub 8 ft.|For sheltered spots in | ,, | |South | | | | Acer argutum |Tree 20 ft.|In ordinary soil and | ,, | |position | | | | ,, campestre |Tree 30 ft.|Will grow in dry spots |Europe and (Field Maple) | | |Western Asia | | | ,, ,, variegatum |Tree 20 ft.|If too much exposed the |Garden form | |variegated leaves suffer | | | | ,, carpinifolium |Tree 30 ft.|In ordinary soil and |Japan | |position | | | | ,, caudatum (Syn. |Tree 20 ft.|Handsome leaves but rather|Himalaya A. acuminatum) | |tender | | | | ,, circinatum |Tree 30 to |Needs a sheltered spot. |California |40 ft. |Beautiful autumn foliage | | | | ,, cissifolium |Small tree |In ordinary soil and |Japan (Syn. Negundo |10 ft. |position | cissifolium) | | | | | | ,, cratægifolium |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, creticum (Syn. |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Asia Minor A. parvifolium), | | | (Cretan Maple) | | | | | | ,, *dasycarpum |Tree 50 ft.|Soil must not be too dry |North America (Syn. A. | | | eriocarpum), | | | (White Maple) | | | | | | ,, dasycarpum |Tree 50 ft.|Forms a very pretty lawn | ,, laciniatum | |tree; soil must not be too| | |dry | | | | ,, diabolicum (Syn.|Tree 25 ft.|In ordinary soil and |Japan A. pulchrum) | |position | | | | ,, distylum |Tree 15 ft.|Very handsome leaves, 5 to|Japan, Nippon | |7 in. long, 4 in. broad; | | |in ordinary soil and | | |position | | | | ,, glabrum (Syn. A.|Tree 30 ft.|In ordinary soil and |Western North tripartitum) | |position |America | | | ,, Heldreichi |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern Europe | | | ,, hyrcanum (Syn. |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Caucasus A. caucasicum and| | | A. lobatum) | | | | | | ,, *japonicum (Syn.|Tree 10 to |Requires protection from |Japan A. palmatum |15 ft. |cold winds in spring. Very| macrophyllum), | |slow in growth | (Japanese Maple) | | | | | | ,, *japonicum | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, aureum | | | (Golden-leaved | | | Japanese Maple) | | | | | | ,, Lobelii (Syn. A.|Tree 50 ft.|In ordinary soil and |Southern Italy platanoides | |position | (Lobelii)) | | | | | | ,, macrophyllum |Tree 70 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North-West (Syn. A. | | |America speciosum) | | | | | | ,, monspessulanum |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |South of Europe | | | ,, Negundo (Syn. |Tree 40 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America Negundo | | | aceroides) | | | | | | ,, ,, californicum|Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |California | | | ,, ,, *variegatum | ,, |A well-known variegated |Garden form (Variegated | |tree that must be | Maple) | |sparingly planted | | | | ,, ,, aureum | ,, |A very distinct tree, |...... | |yellow variegation | | | | ,, opulifolium |Small tree |In ordinary soil and |Corsica (Syn. A. Opalus),|12 ft. |position | (Italian Maple) | | | | | | ,, *palmatum (Syn. |Tree 10 to |Requires protection from |Japan A. polymorphum) |15 ft. |cold winds in spring. Slow| | |in growth, but the | | |coloured-leaved varieties | | |are very showy and often | | |brilliant | | | | ,, ,, and many | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, varieties | | | | | | ,, pennsylvanicum |Tree 30 ft.|A fairly moist spot is |North America (Syn. A. | |best for this; its striped| striatum) | |bark is very striking | | | | ,, pictum |Tree 50 ft.|In ordinary soil and |Japan | |position | | | | ,, platanoides | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Norway and | | |Sweden | | | ,, ,, laciniatum | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, ,, palmatum | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, purpureum | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Purple-leaved | | | Maple) | | | | | | ,, ,, *Schwedleri | ,, |The young leaves of this | ,, | |are red, and when growing | | |freely it is very striking| | | | ,, Pseudo-platanus |Tree 50 to |In ordinary soil and |Europe (Sycamore) |70 ft. |position | | | | ,, ,, ,, |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form *Leopoldi | | | | | | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, purpureum | | | | | | ,, ,, ,, and |Trees 20 to| ,, ,, ,, | ,, other varieties |50 ft. | | | | | ,, rubrum (Syn. A. |Tree 60 ft.|Needs a fairly moist soil |North America coccineum), | |somewhat sheltered | (Scarlet Maple) | | | | | | ,, saccharinum | ,, |In ordinary soil and | ,, (Sugar Maple) | |position | | | | ,, spicatum (Syn. |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, A. rugosum) | | | | | | ,, tataricum |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Tartary | | | ,, ,, *Ginnala |Tree 20 ft.|The brilliant colour of |Japan | |its leaves in autumn | | |attracts attention to | | |this; in ordinary soil and| | |position | | | | *Ailantus |Tree 60 ft.|Good town tree, and for |China glandulosa | |dry soils, and of quick | | |growth | | | | Alnus cordifolia |Tree 20 ft.|Thrives in dryer soil than|South of Europe | |most Alders | | | | ,, firma (Syn. A. |Tree 30 ft.|Needs a moist spot |Japan multinervis) | | | | | | ,, glutinosa |Tree 40 to |Grows well in boggy places|Europe and North (Common Alder) |60 ft. | |Africa | | | ,, ,, *aurea |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Golden-leaved | | | Alder) | | | | | | ,, ,, *imperialis |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, and other |Trees 30 to| ,, ,, ,, | ,, varieties |60 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, incana |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |Northern |70 ft. | |temperate | | |regions | | | ,, ,, and | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |...... varieties | | | | | | ,, japonica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Japanese Alder) | | | | | | ,, oregona |Tree 20 ft.|Moist soil |Western North | | |America | | | ,, orientalis |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Orient | | | ,, rhombifolia |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |California | | | ,, serrulata |Shrub 8 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America |10 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, viridis |Shrub 6 ft.|Does well in exposed |Northern Europe | |position |and Asia | | | Aristotelia Macqui |Sub- |Rather tender, will grow |Chili |evergreen |in ordinary soil | |shrub 6 ft.| | | | | ,, ,, variegata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |...... | | | Artemesia Abrotanum|Shrub 3 to |Very fragrant leaves; will|South of Europe (Southernwood) |4 ft. |grow in dry soils | | | | *Arundinaria |Evergreen 2|Needs good, fairly moist |Japan Veitchii |to 3 ft. |soil, and protection from | | |cutting winds | | | | Arundo Donax |Evergreen |Hardy in South of England,|Mediterranean (Giant Reed) |10 ft. |needs protection in North,|region | |moist soil | | | | ,, ,, variegata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | Atraphaxis |Shrub 2 ft.|Well drained, sandy peat, |Caucasus buxifolia | |fairly moist | | | | ,, lanceolata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Temperate Asia | | | ,, Muschketowi | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Central Asia | | | ,, spinosa |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, |Orient |evergreen | | |shrub 2 ft.| | | | | Atriplex canescens |Shrub 3 ft.|Will grow in dry, sandy |Western North | |soils, and also near the |America | |sea | | | | ,, confertifolia |Shrub 1 ft.|Fairly moist peaty soil |Western United | | |States | | | ,, Halimus (Tree |Shrub 6 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy |Europe Parslane) | |soils and also near the | | |sea | | | | ,, Nuttallii |Shrub 3 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Western North | | |America | | | ,, portulacoides |Shrub 2 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | Azara dentata |Evergreen |Ordinary soil, but |Chili |shrub 12 |thoroughly hardy only in | |ft. |South and West of England | | | | ,, Gilliesii |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |shrub 15 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, integrifolia | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, *microphylla |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |shrub 12 | | |ft. | | | | | Baccharis |Shrub 6 to |Useful for dry sandy soils|North America halimifolia |8 ft. | | | | | ,, patagonica |Shrub 4 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Patagonia | | | ,, salicifolia |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern United | | |States | | | Berchemia racemosa |Climbing |Deep moist soil and |Japan |shrub 15 |sheltered spot | |ft. | | | | | ,, volubilis (Syn. |Climbing | ,, ,, ,, |Southern United Rhamnus |shrub 20 | |States volubilis) |ft. | | | | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | *Betula alba (Syn. |Tree 50 to |Will grow in bleak cold |Northern B. verrucosa), |60 ft. |spots, but is beautiful |Hemisphere (Silver Birch) | |everywhere | | | | ,, ,, *fastigiata |Tree 30 ft.|Extremely distinct upright|Garden form | |growth | | | | ,, ,, *laciniata |Tree 50 ft.|A charming lawn tree | ,, (Cut-leaved | | | Birch) | | | | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Drooping |A weeping form | ,, (Weeping Birch) | | | | | | ,, ,, *purpurea |Tree 40 ft.|An effective | ,, (Purple-leaved | |coloured-leaved tree | Birch) | | | | | | ,, corylifolia |Tree 50 ft.|Grows well in ordinary |Japan (Hazel-leaved | |soil and position | Birch) | | | | | | ,, davurica |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |Northern Asia |40 ft. | |and America | | | ,, fruticosa |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Northern Asia | | | ,, lenta (Syn. B. |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America carpinifolia) |70 ft. | | | | | ,, lutea (Syn. B. |Tree 70 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, excelsa), (Yellow|80 ft. | | Birch) | | | | | | ,, *Maximowiczii |Tree 30 ft.|Much larger leaves than |Japan | |any other Birch; very | | |satisfactory with Messrs. | | |Veitch at Coombe Wood | | | | ,, ,, nana (Dwarf |Shrub 1 to |Grows well in ordinary |Northern Birch) |3 ft. |soil and position |Hemisphere | | | ,, *nigra (Syn. B. |Tree 60 to |Does best in moist soil |North America rubra), (Red |70 ft. | | Birch) | | | | | | ,, occidentalis |Shrub 8 to |Grows well in ordinary |Western North |10 ft. |soil and position |America | | | ,, *papyrifera |Tree 60 to |Prefers moist spots |North America (Syn. B. |70 ft. | | papyracea), | | | (Canoe Birch) | | | | | | ,, populifolia |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, pumila |Shrub 2 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |3 ft. | | | | | ,, utilis (Syn. B. |Tree 50 ft.|Rather tender except in |Himalaya Bhojpattra), | |South and West | (Indian Birch) | | | | | | Bigelovia Douglasii|Shrub 4 ft.|Will grow in poor sandy |North America | |soils | | | | ,, graveolens |Shrub 3 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | Broussonetia |Tree 15 ft.|Sometimes cut by frost, |Japan Kæmpferi | |but quickly recovers | | | | ,, *papyrifera |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China, Japan, (Syn. Morus | | |and Polynesia papyrifera), | | | (Paper Mulberry) | | | | | | Bumelia lanuginosa |Shrub 10 |Needs good, fairly moist |Southern United (Syn. Sideroxylon|ft. |soil, and a sheltered spot|States lanuginosum) | | | | | | ,, lycioides |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. Sideroxylon|evergreen | | lycioides) |shrub 8 ft.| | | | | Callicarpa |Shrub 6 ft.|Rather tender; likes moist|North America americana | |soil | | | | ,, japonica |Shrub 5 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan | | | Carpinus |Tree 50 ft.|Any ordinary soil and |North America caroliniana (Syn.| |position | C. americana), | | | (American | | | Hornbeam) | | | | | | ,, *Betulus |Tree 50 to |Any ordinary soil and |Europe (Common Hornbeam)|60 ft. |position, good for Hedges | | | | ,, cordata |Tree 40 ft.|Any ordinary soil and |Japan | |position | | | | ,, japonica |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Japanese | | | Hornbeam) | | | | | | *Carya alba (Syn. |Tree 50 to |Needs good loamy soil, |North America Hicoria ovata), |70 ft. |very impatient of removal | (Shell Bark | | | Hickory) | | | | | | ,, *olivæformis |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. Hicoria | | | Peccan), (Peccan | | | Nut) | | | | | | Castanea pumila |Tree 12 ft.|Does best on light loamy |United States | |soils | | | | ,, *sativa (Syn. C.|Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North vesca), (Sweet |70 ft. | |Africa Chestnut) | | | | | | ,, ,, and |Trees 20 to| ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |50 ft. | | | | | *Castanopsis |Evergreen |Needs shelter from cutting|California chrysophylla |shrub 6 ft.|winds. Undersides of | (Syn. Castanea |to 10 ft. |leaves are rich yellow | chrysophylla), | | | (Golden Chestnut)| | | | | | Cedrela chinensis |Tree 30 ft.|Hardy in South of England |China (Syn. Ailantus | | | flavescens) | | | | | | *Celastrus |Climbing |Useful for rambling over |Japan articulatus |shrub 20 |unsightly objects, | |ft. |ordinary soil | | | | ,, scandens | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | Celtis australis |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|Mediterranean (Nettle tree) |40 ft. | |region | | | ,, japonica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Japanese Nettle | | | tree) | | | | | | ,, mississippiensis|Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, |Southern United |50 ft. | |States | | | ,, occidentalis | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | ,, Tournefortii |Tree 15 | ,, ,, ,, |Orient (Syn. C. |ft. | | orientalis) | | | | | | Cephalanthus |Shrub 6 ft.|Moist peaty soil |North America occidentalis | |with plenty of sand | | | | Cercidophyllum |Tree 20 to |Hardy in the South, rather|Japan japonicum |30 ft. |tender elsewhere | | | | Cleyera ochnacea |Evergreen |Does best treated as a | ,, (Syn. C. |shrub 6 ft.|wall plant in good soil | japonica) | | | | | | Cocculus carolinus |Twining |Will grow in warm dry |North America |shrub 20 |spots | |ft. | | | | | ,, laurifolius |Shrub 5 ft.|Needs protection of a wall|Himalaya to | | |Japan | | | Colletia cruciata |Shrub 6 ft.|Rather tender in North of |Uruguay | |England | | | | ,, ferox (Syn. C. | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, spinosa, C. | | | horrida) | | | | | | Coriaria myrtifolia|Shrub 5 ft.|A deep light soil suits |Mediterranean | |this best |Region | | | Cornus alba |Shrub 6 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|North America | | | ,, ,, *sibirica |Shrub 5 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Siberia (Siberian | | | Dogwood) | | | | | | ,, ,, *Spaethii |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, alternifolia |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, |North America |ft. | | | | | ,, Amomum |Shrub 6 ft.|Does best in damp spots | ,, | | | ,, Baileyi | ,, |Ordinary soil and position| ,, | | | ,, circinata |Shrub 5 ft.|Does best in damp spots | ,, | | | ,, florida |Shrub 10 |Our summers are rarely hot|Eastern North |ft. |enough to flower this |America | |well. Pendula is a | | |beautiful weeping variety.| | |A delightful shrub whose | | |large white blossoms are | | |borne in June | | | | ,, *Kousa (Syn. |Shrub 8 to |Hardy, grows slowly when |Japan Benthamia |10 ft. |young. Flowers | japonica), | |delightfully when | (Japanese | |established. Should be in | Strawberry tree) | |other list. | | | | ,, macrophylla |Tree 40 ft.|Deep fairly moist soil. A |Northern India (Beautiful at | |handsome tree |to Japan Coombe Wood) | | | | | | ,, *Mas (Cornelian |Small tree |Ordinary soil and position|Europe Cherry) |15 ft. | | | | | ,, officinalis |Small tree | ,, ,, ,, |Japan |10 to 15 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, pubescens |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | ,, sanguinea | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North (Common Dogwood) | | |Asia | | | ,, stolonifera |Shrub 6 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America (Red Osier |8 ft. | | Dogwood) | | | | | | Corylus americana |Shrub 5 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (American Hazel) |8 ft. | | | | | ,, *Avellana |Tree or | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia (Common Hazel) |shrub 20 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, ,, and |Trees or | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |shrubs | | | | | ,, *Colurna |Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, |South-Eastern (Constantinople |50 ft. | |Europe to Hazel) | | |Himalaya | | | ,, heterophylla |Tree or | ,, ,, ,, |Japan |shrub 15 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, mandshurica |Small tree | ,, ,, ,, |Amurland and (Japanese Hazel) |20 ft. | |Japan | | | ,, maxima (Cob Nut)|Tree or | ,, ,, ,, |South Europe |shrub 20 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, rostrata (Beaked|Shrub 5 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America Hazel) | | | | | | *Danæ Laurus (Syn. |Evergreen |Grows well in shady spots |Asia Minor Ruscus |shrub 4 ft.| | racemosus), | | | (Alexandrian | | | laurel) | | | | | | Decumaria barbara |Climbing |Needs a warm sheltered |Southern United |shrub 10 |border |States |ft. | | | | | Drimys aromatica |Evergreen |Hardy only in South and |Tasmania (Tasmanian Pepper|shrub 10 |West | plant) |ft. | | | | | ,, Winteri |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |South America (Winter's Bark) |shrub 20 | | |ft. | | | | | *Elæagnus |Tree 20 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy |Mediterranean angustifolia | |soils |region (Syn. E. | | | hortensis), | | | (Wild Olive) | | | | | | ,, argentea (Syn. |Shrub 5 ft.|Needs a fairly moist soil |North America Shepherdia | | | argentea), | | | (Silver Berry) | | | | | | ,, *glabra |Evergreen |Ordinary soil not too dry |China and Japan |shrub 6 ft.| | | | | ,, *macrophylla | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, *multiflora |Deciduous | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. E. edulis, |shrub 8 ft.| | E. longipes) | | | | | | ,, orientalis |Tree 20 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy |Orient | |soils | | | | ,, *pungens |Evergreen |One of our finest |China and Japan (Syn. E. reflexa)|shrub 6 to |evergreens | |8 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *and | ,, |Will do well in ordinary |Garden forms varieties | |soil | | | | ,, umbellata (Syn. |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, |Japan E. japonica) |evergreen | | |shrub 8 ft.| | | | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | Empetrum nigrum |Evergreen |Needs moist peaty soil |Britain (Crowberry) |shrub 1 ft.| | | | | Ephedra americana |Evergreen |Does well in dry stony |Chili |shrub 3 ft.|places | | | | ,, distachya |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia |shrub | |Minor |3 to 4 ft. | | | | | ,, gerardiana |Evergreen |Rather tender |Himalaya |shrub 2 ft.| | | | | ,, helvetica |Evergreen |Does well in dry stony |South Europe |shrub 2 ft.|places | | | | ,, trifurca |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Western North |shrub 3 ft.| |America | | | Ercilla volubilis |Evergreen |Needs protection of a wall|Chili (Syn. E. spicata)|twiner 15 |in most districts | |ft. | | | | | Eriobotrya japonica|Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |China and Japan (Syn. Photinia |tree 20 ft.| | japonica), | | | (Loquat), | | | handsome leaves | | | | | | Eurya japonica |Evergreen |Hardy only in south and |India, China, |shrub 6 ft.|west |and Japan | | | Fagus ferruginea |Tree 40 to |Ordinary soil and position|North America (Syn. F. |60 ft. | | americana), | | | (American beech) | | | | | | ,, *sylvatica |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia (Common Beech) |100 ft. | |Minor | | | ,, ,, |Tree 50 ft.|Best dark-leaved form |Garden form *atropurpurea | | | (Purple-leaved | | | Beech) | | | | | | ,, ,, *cuprea | ,, |Ordinary soil and position| ,, (Copper Beech) | | | | | | ,, ,, heterophylla| ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Tree, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Weeping Beech) |height | | |various | | | | | ,, ,, *purpurea | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, pendula | | | | | | ,, ,, and other | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties | | | | | | *Fatsia japonica |Evergreen |Needs sheltered spot, cool|Japan (Syn. Aralia |shrub 3 to |moist soil | japonica) |8 feet | | | | | *Ficus Carica |Tree or |Does best on wall, good |Afghanistan (Common Fig) |shrub 15 |town plant |and Eastern |to 20 ft. | |Persia | | | Fraxinus americana |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|North America (White Ash) |40 ft. | | | | | ,, augustifolia |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |Southern Europe |50 ft. | | | | | ,, anomala |Tree 12 ft.|Needs sheltered spot |Utah | | | ,, caroliniana |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|United States (Water Ash) |50 ft. | | | | | ,, chinensis |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China (Chinese Ash) | | | | | | ,, *Excelsior |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe (Common Ash) |80 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, aurea |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, ,, aurea |Tree, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, pendula (Weeping |height | | Golden Ash) |various | | | | | ,, ,, crispa |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, heterophylla|Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. monophylla)| | | | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Tree, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Weeping Ash) |height | | |various | | | | | ,, ,, and other |Trees, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |height | | |various | | | | | ,, mandshurica |Tree 70 to | ,, ,, ,, |Mandchuria and |80 ft. | |Japan | | | ,, nigra (Syn. F. |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America sambucifolia) | | | | | | ,, numidica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North Africa | | | ,, oregona (Syn. F.|Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Western United californica), | | |States (Oregon Ash) | | | | | | ,, *parvifolia |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |South Europe (Syn. F. |50 ft. | | lentiscifolia) | | | | | | ,, ,, pendula |Tree, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form |height | | |various | | | | | ,, pennsylvanica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America (Syn. F. | | | pubescens) | | | | | | ,, potamophila | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Turkestan (Swamp Ash) | | | | | | ,, quadrangulata |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |United States (Blue Ash) |70 ft. | | | | | Gleditschia |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern China australis | | | | | | ,, japonica |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Japanese Locust)| | | | | | ,, monosperma |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern United (Water Locust) | | |States | | | ,, sinensis (Syn. |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China G. ferox, G. | | | horrida) | | | | | | ,, triacanthos |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United (Honey Locust) | | |States | | | Griselinia |Evergreen |Hardy only in South and |New Zealand littoralis |tree or |West of England | |shrub 20 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, lucida |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |tree 15 ft.| | | | | Gymnocladus |Tree 50 ft.|Needs good deep soil |North America canadensis | | | (Kentucky Coffee | | | Tree) | | | | | | ,, chinensis |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China | | | Hymenanthera |Shrub 3 ft.|Succeeds in fairly moist |New Zealand crassifolia | |peaty soil | | | | Idesia polycarpa |Tree 20 ft.|Deep open loam, |Japan | |shelter from strong winds | | | | Ilex ambigua (Syn. |Shrub 4 to |Ordinary soil and position|Southern United Prinos ambigua) |5 ft. | |States | | | ,, Amelanchier |Shrub 6 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America (Syn. Prinos |8 ft. | | lanceolata) | | | | | | ,, Aquifolium |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Europe (Common Holly) |tree 10 to | | |40 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form angustifolium |tree or | | (Narrow-leaved |shrub | | Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, argenteo | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, marginata (Silver| | | Variegated Holly)| | | | | | ,, ,, *argenteo | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, pendula (Weeping | | | Silver Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, *aureo-marginata | | | (Golden Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, ferox | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Hedgehog Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, ,, aurea | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Golden Hedgehog | | | Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, *fructo | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, luteo | | | (Yellow-berried | | | Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, *handsworthensis | | | (Handsworth | | | Holly) | | | | | | ,, ,, *hodginsii | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, laurifolia | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, var. nova, large | | | leaves | | | | | | ,, ,, pendula | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, tricolor (Weeping| | | Variegated Holly)| | | | | | ,, ,, watereriana | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Waterer's Holly)| | | | | | ,, cornuta |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |China |shrub 6 ft.| | | | | ,, *crenata |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Japanese Holly) |shrub 3 ft.| | | | | ,, ,, variegata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, glabra (Syn. |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United Prinos glaber), |shrub 2 to | |States (Ink Berry) |3 ft. | | | | | ,, lævigata (Syn. |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, Prinos lævigatus)| | | | | | ,, latifolia |Evergreen |Needs protection of a wall|Japan (Large-leaved |tree 20 ft.|in most parts of England | Holly) | | | | | | ,, opaca |Evergreen |Ordinary soil and position|Eastern United |tree 30 ft.| |States | | | ,, rotunda | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Round-leaved | | | Holly) | | | | | | ,, *Wilsoni | |A splendid Holly, with | | |large dark-green leaves | | |and big crimson berries | | | | Juglans californica|Tree 30 ft.|Good deep loam, rather dry|California (Californian | | | Walnut) | | | | | | ,, *cinerea |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America (Butter Nut) | | | | | | ,, mandshurica | | | | | | ,, nigra (Black |Tree 60 ft.|Good deep loam, rather dry|North America Walnut) | | | | | | ,, *regia (Common | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Caucasus to Walnut) | | |Himalaya | | | ,, ,, and |Trees | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties | | | | | | ,, rupestris |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Western United | | |States | | | ,, sieboldiana |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Syn. J. | | | ailantifolia) | | | | | | Kadsura chinensis |Evergreen |A good wall-plant |China and Japan (Syn. K. |shrub 6 ft.| | japonica) | | | | | | Lardizabala |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Chili biternata |climber 20 | | |ft. | | | | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | *Laurus nobilis |Evergreen |Needs a sheltered position|Mediterranean (Sweet Bay) |tree 20 to | |region |40 ft. | | | | | Lindera Benzoin |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, |United States (Syn. Laurus |ft. | and moist peaty soil | Benzoin), (Spice | | | Bush) | | | | | | ,, glauca |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, |Japan | | | ,, hypoglauca |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, | ,, |ft. | | | | | ,, obtusiloba |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, sericea (Syn. |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, | ,, Benzoin sericeum)| | | | | | Liquidambar |Tree 15 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|Asia Minor orientalis (Syn. | | | L. imberbe) | | | | | | ,, *styraciflua |Tree 40 to |Beautiful colour in Autumn|United States (Sweet Gum) |50 ft. | | | | | Maclura aurantiaca |Tree 15 to |Perfectly hardy only in |Southern United (Osage Orange) |40 ft. |South of England |States | | | *Morus alba (White |Tree 20 to |Ordinary soil and position|Temperate Asia Mulberry) |30 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, pendula | | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Weeping | | | Mulberry) | | | | | | ,, ,, and | | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties | | | | | | ,, *nigra (Common |Tree 20 to | ,, ,, ,, |Persia Mulberry) |30 ft. | | | | | ,, rubra (Red |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America Mulberry) | | | | | | *Myrica |Shrub 4 ft.|Moist sandy peat | ,, asplenifolia | | | (Syn. Comptonia | | | asplenifolia), | | | (Sweet Fern) | | | | | | ,, californica |Sub- |Ordinary soil in a |California (Californian Wax |evergreen |sheltered spot | Myrtle) |20 ft. | | | | | ,, cerifera |Evergreen |Needs moist peaty soil. |United States |shrub 8 to |This and M. Gale should be| |10 ft. |planted by lake, pond, or | | |stream margin | | | | ,, *Gale (Sweet |Shrub 3 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Northern Gale) |with | |Hemisphere |scented | | |foliage | | | | | Nandina domestica |Evergreen |Hardy only in south and |China and Japan |shrub 6 ft.|west of England | | | | Nyssa aquatica |Tree 40 ft.|Needs moist peaty soil |Southern United (Syn. N. | | |States biflora), | | | (Tupelo tree) | | | | | | ,, *sylvatica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America (Syn. N. | | | multiflora) | | | | | | *Osmanthus |Evergreen |Valuable evergreen; |Japan Aquifolium |shrub 5 to |ordinary soil | |10 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *ilicifolius| ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, ,, *purpureus | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, *variegatus | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | Ostrya carpinifolia|Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|South Europe (Syn. O. |40 ft. | | vulgaris), (Hop | | | Hornbeam) | | | | | | Ostrya virginica |Tree 20 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America |30 ft. | | | | | Paliurus australis |Shrub 8 ft.|Light warm soil and |South Europe (Syn. P. | |position | aculeatus), | | | (Christ Thorn), | | | (P. Spina | | | Christi) | | | | | | *Parrotia persica |Shrub 12 |Light warm soil and |Persia (Iron tree) |ft. |position, brilliant leaf | | |colour in Autumn | | | | Phellodendron |Tree 30 ft.|Light warm soil and |Amurland amurense | |position | | | | Phillyræas | |These grow in various | | |soils, from light and | | |sandy ones to heavy loam. | | |Grow them on their own | | |roots. | | | | ,, angustifolia |Evergreen |Light warm soil and |Mediterranean |shrub 8 to |position. Flowers in April|region |10 ft. |and May. Best known | | |variety is Rosmarinifolia,| | |which has narrower leaves | | |than the type | | | | ,, *decora (Syn. |Evergreen |Light warm soil and |Asia Minor P. vilmoriniana) |shrub 5 ft.|position, a valuable |(Lazistan) | |evergreen shrub. A plant | | |at Kew is 5½ feet high and| | |13 ft. through; its | | |flowers are white, | | |fragrant, and appear in | | |May. | | | | ,, latifolia |Evergreen |Light warm soil and |Mediterranean |will grow |position |region |20 ft. | | |high. | | |Several | | |varieties | | |are known, | | |P. l. var. | | |ilicifolia,| | |with | | |smaller | | |and P. l. | | |var. | | |rotundi- | | |folia, with| | |rounder | | |leaves, are| | |most often | | |seen. | | | | | ,, media |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |shrub 12 | | |ft. | | | | | Photinia |Evergreen |Hardy only in South and |China benthamiana |shrub 10 |West of England | |ft. | | | | | ,, serrulata |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Chinese |shrub 15 | | Hawthorn) |ft. | | | | | ,, variabilis |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |China and Japan (Syn. Pourthioea |shrub 8 ft.| | arguta) | | | | | | *Platanus |Tree 60 to |Good town tree, ordinary |Orient acerifolia |70 ft. |soil | | | | ,, cuneata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, occidentalis |Tree 70 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America (Western Plane) |80 ft. | | | | | ,, orientalis |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Orient (Eastern Plane) |70 ft. | | | | | *Populus alba |Tree 60 to |Needs fairly moist soil |Europe and Asia (Abele or White |100 ft. | | Poplar) | | | | | | ,, angustifolia |Tree 70 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America (Narrow-leaved | | | Poplar) | | | | | | ,, balsamifera | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Balsam Poplar) | | | | | | ,, canescens (Grey |Tree 80 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe Poplar) | | | | | | ,, *deltoidea | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |North America (Syn. P. | | | canadensis), | | | (Canadian Poplar)| | | | | | ,, *deltoidea |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form aurea | | | (Golden-leaved | | | Canadian Poplar) | | | | | | ,, Fremontei |Tree 70 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |California | | | ,, grandidentata |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | ,, heterophylla |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, laurifolia |Tree 70 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern Siberia | | | ,, nigra (Black |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe Poplar) | | | | | | ,, ,, *fastigiata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Lombardy Poplar)| | | | | | ,, Sieboldii |Tree 20 to | ,, ,, ,, |Japan |30 ft. | | | | | ,, Simonii |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China | | | ,, suaveolens |Tree 80 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan | | | ,, *tremula (Aspen)|Tree 70 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North | | |Asia | | | ,, pendula |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Weeping Aspen) |Tree | | | | | ,, tremuloides |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, |North America |tree 40 to | | |50 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Syn. P. juliana |Tree | | pendula) | | | | | | ,, trichocarpa |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Western North | | |America | | | ,, tristis |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North-East Asia | | | Ptelea trifoliata |Small tree |Ordinary soil and position|North America (Hop tree) |8 to 9 ft. | | | | | *Pterocarya |Tree 30 ft.|Good deep loam, rather |Caucasus caucasica (Syn. | |dry; starts early, | P. fraxinifolia) | |so catkins and leaves | | |sometimes get injured by | | |frost | | | | ,, rhoifolia |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan | | | ,, stenoptera |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |China -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | Quercus acuta (Syn.|Evergreen |Ordinary soil and position|Japan Q. Buergerii) |tree 10 ft.| | | | | ,, ,, alba (White |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America Oak) | | | | | | ,, bicolor | ,, |Fairly moist soil | ,, | | | ,, *castaneæfolia | ,, |Ordinary soil and position|Caucasus and (Chestnut-leaved | | |Asia Minor Oak) | | | | | | ,, Cerris (Turkey |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |South and East Oak) |60 ft. | |Europe | | | ,, ,, fulhamensis |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Fulham Oak) |evergreen | | |tree 50 to | | |60 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *laciniata |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. | | | asplenifolia) | | | | | | ,, ,, lucombeana |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Lucombe Oak) |evergreen | | |50 ft. | | | | | ,, cinerea |Tree 30 ft.|Needs fairly moist loamy |Southern United | |soil |States | | | ,, coccifera (Syn. |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Mediterranean Q. kermesina) |tree 15 ft.| |region | | | ,, *coccinea |Tree 50 ft.|Very handsome, leaves in |North America (Scarlet Oak) | |autumn brilliant scarlet | | | | ,, *conferta (Q. |Tree 30 ft.|Handsome; very quick in |Italy and pannonica), | |growth; leaves deeply |Austria (Hungarian Oak) | |lobed | | | | ,, cuneata (Syns. |Tree 80 ft.|Needs fairly moist loamy |North America Q. triloba, Q. | |soil | falcata) | | | | | | ,, *cuspidata |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Japan |tree 30 ft.| | | | | ,, *dentata (Syn. |Tree 30 ft.|Needs good loamy soil, | ,, Q. Daimyo) | |fairly moist | | | | ,, garryana |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North-West | | |America | | | ,, *glabra |Evergreen |Handsome, large leaves, a |Japan (Japanese Oak) |shrub 10 |good evergreen oak | |ft. | | | | | ,, glauca |Evergreen |Needs good loamy soil, | ,, |tree 30 ft.|fairly moist | | | | ,, heterophylla |Tree 40 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|United States | | | ,, *Ilex |Evergreen |Good deep sandy loam; very|Mediterranean (Evergreen or |20 to 40 |handsome |region Holm Oak) |ft. | | | | | ,, ,, and |Evergreen, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |various | | |heights | | | | | ,, imbricaria |Tree 40 to |Ordinary soil and position|United States |50 ft. | | | | | ,, Kelloggii |Tree 70 ft.|Fairly moist soil, |Oregon and | |sheltered position |California | | | ,, lanuginosa |Tree 50 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|Europe and West. | | |Asia | | | ,, laurifolia |Tree 80 ft.|Needs moist soil. Very |United States (Syn. Q. obtusa) | |handsome | | | | ,, Libani |Tree 30 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|Asia Minor | | | ,, lobata |Tree 80 ft.|Fairly moist soil, |California | |sheltered position | | | | ,, lusitanica |Tree 40 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |South Europe and | | |Asia Minor | | | ,, *macrocarpa |Tree 30 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|North America (Burr Oak) | | | | | | ,, marilandica |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |United States |50 ft. | | | | | ,, Michauxii |Tree 80 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern United | | |States | | | ,, Mirbeckii |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Spain, Portugal, | | |and North Africa | | | ,, nigra |Tree 25 ft.|Fairly moist soil |Southern United | | |States | | | ,, *palustris (Pin |Tree 60 ft.|Leaves charming in Spring |United States Oak) | |and Autumn | | | | ,, pedunculata |Tree 50 to |Ordinary soil and position|Europe and Asia (Syn. Q. Robur |100 ft. | | pedunculata), | | | (British Oak) | | | | | | ,, *pedunculata |Tree 20 ft.|Ordinary soil and |Garden form Concordia | |position; very handsome | (Golden-leaved | |golden-leaved tree | British Oak) | | | | | | ,, pedunculata |Tree 50 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|Garden form fastigiata | | | | | | ,, ,, heterophylla|Tree 40 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, pendula |Tree | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Weeping Oak) | | | | | | ,, ,, purpurascens|Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, *Phellos | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |United States (Willow Oak) | | | | | | ,, phillyræoides |Evergreen |Fairly moist soil, |Japan |tree 15 ft.|sheltered spot | | | | ,, pontica |Tree or |Ordinary soil and position|Asia Minor |shrub 15 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, prinoides |Tree 20 to | ,, ,, ,, |United States |30 ft. | | | | | ,, Prinos |Tree 70 to | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern North |80 ft. | |America | | | ,, Pseudo-suber |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, sheltered spot|South Europe |evergreen | | |tree 50 ft.| | | | | ,, pumila |Spreading | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United |shrub 10 | |States |ft. | | | | | ,, reticulata |Evergreen |Hardy only in South and |New Mexico and |shrub 10 |West of England |Arizona |ft. | | | | | ,, *rubra |Tree 60 to |Ordinary soil and |North America (Champion Oak) |80 ft. |position; brilliant Autumn| | |colour; very handsome | | | | ,, serrata |Tree 20 to |Ordinary soil and position|China and Japan |30 ft. | | | | | ,, sessiliflora |Tree 60 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe, West | | |Asia | | | ,, ,, and |Trees | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |various | | | | | ,, ,, stellata |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |United States | | | ,, Suber (Cork Oak)|Evergreen |Rather more tender than |South Europe, |tree 25 ft.|the Holm Oak (gives the |North Africa | |cork of commerce) | | | | ,, Toza (Syn. Q. |Tree 30 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|South-west Tauzin) | | |Europe | | | ,, Turneri (Syn. |Sub- | ,, ,, ,, |Garden origin Q. austriaca |evergreen | | sempervirens, Q. |tree 40 to | | glandulifera) |50 ft. | | | | | ,, undulata |Tree 20 ft.|Ordinary soil and |Western North | |sheltered spot |America | | | ,, velutina |Tree 70 to | ,, ,, ,, and position |North America |80 ft. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | *Rhamnus Alaternus |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |South-west |shrub or | |Europe |tree 20 ft.| | | | | ,, alnifolius |Shrub 2 to |Moist peaty soil |United States (Alder-leaved |4 ft. | | Buckthorn) | | | | | | ,, alpinus |Shrub 4 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|Alpine regions (Alpine | | | Buckthorn) | | | | | | ,, californicus |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, and sheltered |California (Californian |shrub 10 |position | Buckthorn) |ft. | | | | | ,, carolinianus |Shrub 6 to |Ordinary soil and position|Southern United |8 ft. | |States | | | ,, catharticus |Shrub 5 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia |10 ft. | | | | | ,, davuricus |Shrub 12 | ,, ,, ,, |Siberia |ft. | | | | | ,, Frangula |Shrub 5 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe |10 ft. | | | | | ,, infectorius |Shrub 2 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |South Europe | | | ,, libanoticus |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Asia Minor and | | |Syria | | | ,, *purshianus |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, |California (Syn. R. rubra) |ft. | | | | | ,, saxatilis |Shrub 2 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | ,, tinctorius |Shrub 8 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia | | | Rhus aromatica | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Southern United | | |States | | | ,, copallina |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United | | |States | | | ,, Cotinus |Shrub 6 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe (Venetian, |8 ft. | | Sumach, Wig Tree,| | | Smoke Bush) | | | | | | ,, *cotinoides |Shrub 15 | ,, ,, ,, |North America |ft. | | | | | ,, *glabra (Syn. |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |United States R. coccinea) | | | | | | ,, ,, *laciniata |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, Osbeckei |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, and sheltered |China and Japan | |position | | | | ,, succedanea |Shrub 10 |Hardy only in South and | ,, |ft. |West of England | | | | ,, Toxicodendron |Twining |Ordinary soil and |North America (Syn. Ampelopsis |shrub 20 |position. Very poisonous |and Japan japonica), |ft. | | (Poison Oak, | | | Poison Ivy), | | | (Syn. Ampelopsis | | | Hoggii) | | | | | | ,, *typhina |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United (Stag's-horn | | |States Sumach) | | | | | | ,, venenata (Syn. |Shrub 12 | ,, ,, ,, Very poisonous| ,, R. vernix), |ft. | | (Poison Sumach) | | | | | | ,, vernicifera |Tree 25 ft.| ,, sheltered position |China and Japan | | | *Ruscus aculeatus |Evergreen |Will grow well under the |Europe (Butcher's Broom)|shrub 2 ft.|shade of trees | | | | ,, *Hypoglossum |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |South Europe and |shrub 2 to | |North Africa |3 ft. | | | | | ,, Hypophyllum | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |South-west | | |Europe | | | Ruta graveolens |Shrub 3 ft.|Sandy loam, sunny spot |South Europe | | | Salix alba (White |Tree 60 ft.|Needs moist soil, indeed |Europe and Asia Willow) | |will grow in boggy places | | | | ,, ,, *britzensis |Tree 25 ft.|Brilliant bark, colour |Garden form (Cardinal Willow)| |very effective | | | | ,, ,, *vitellina | ,, |Needs moist soil, indeed | ,, (Golden-barked | |will grow in boggy places | Willow) | | | | | | ,, ambigua |Shrub 2 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | ,, aurita |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern North | | |America | | | ,, babylonica |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Babylonian | | | Weeping Willow) | | | | | | ,, ,, annularis | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, cæsia (Syn. S. |Shrub 3 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Switzerland prostrata), | | | (Grey-leaved | | | Willow) | | | | | | ,, Caprea (Goat |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North Willow) | | |Asia | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Kilmarnock | | | Willow) | | | | | | ,, cinerea |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North | | |Asia | | | ,, cordata |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | ,, cuspidata |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | ,, daphnoides |Tree 10 to |Very beautiful yellow | ,, (Violet Willow) |20 ft. |catkins, robust | | | | ,, decipiens |Tree 30 ft.|Needs moist soil, indeed | ,, | |will grow in boggy places | | | | ,, doniana |Shrub 5 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, fragilis (Syn. |Tree 60 to |Very beautiful willow |Europe and North S. russelliana), |70 ft. | |Asia (Crack Willow) | | | | | | ,, ,, basfordiana |Tree 25 ft.|Needs moist soil, indeed |Garden form | |will grow in boggy places | | | | ,, hastata |Shrub 6 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North |8 ft. | |Asia | | | ,, herbacea |Shrub 2 to |A good rockwork plant | ,, |3 _in._ | | | | | ,, hexandra |Tree 20 ft.|Needs moist soil, indeed |Europe | |will grow in boggy places | | | | ,, humilis |Shrub 2 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America | | | ,, lanata |Shrub 4 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Arctic Europe | | | ,, Lapponum |Shrub 1 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North (Lapland Willow) | | |Asia | | | ,, lasiandra |Shrub 12 | ,, ,, ,, |Western United |ft. | |States | | | ,, *laurina (Syn. |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, |Europe S. bicolor) |ft. | | | | | ,, lucida |Shrub 10 to| ,, ,, ,, |North America |12 ft. | | | | | ,, Myrsinites |Shrub 6 |A good rockwork plant |North Hemisphere |_in._ to 1 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, myrtilloides |Shrub 2 to |Needs moist soil, indeed | ,, (Syn. S. elegans)|4 ft. |will grow in boggy places | | | | ,, nigra (Black |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North America Willow) | | | | | | ,, nigricans |Tree 10 to | ,, ,, ,, |Tyrol |12 ft. | | | | | ,, *pentandra |Shrub 8 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North |9 ft. | |Asia | | | ,, petiolaris |Shrub 8 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America (Syn. S. fuscata)|10 ft. | | | | | ,, phylicifolia |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Tyrol | | | ,, purpurea (Syn. |Shrub 8 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North S. fissa), |10 ft. | |Asia (Purple Willow) | | | | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Shrub | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Syn. S. |Weeping | | americana | | | pendula), | | | (American Weeping| | | Willow) | | | | | | ,, repens |Shrub 1 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy |Europe and North | |soils |Asia | | | ,, ,, *argentea |Shrub |Needs moist soil, indeed |Garden form (Syn. S. sericea |Weeping |will grow in boggy places | pendula) | | | | | | ,, reticulata |Shrub 6 |A good rockwork plant |Arctic regions |_in._ | | | | | ,, retusa |Shrub 6 | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North |_in._ to 1 | |Asia |ft. | | | | | ,, *rosmarinifolia |Shrub 2 to |Needs moist soil, indeed |Europe (Rosemary-leaved |4 ft. |will grow in boggy places.| Willow) | |Very charming | | | | ,, rubra |Tree 10 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe |30 ft. | | | | | ,, sieboldiana |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Japan | | | ,, smithiana |Shrub 5 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe (Syn. S. pannosa)| | | | | | ,, stipularis |Tree 15 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | ,, triandra |Tree 20 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North | | |Asia | | | ,, undulata (Syn. |Shrub 12 to| ,, ,, ,, |Europe S. lanceolata) |15 ft. | | | | | ,, viminalis |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |North Europe and (Syn. S. | | |Asia longifolia), | | | (Twiggy Willow) | | | | | | ,, viridis | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Europe | | | *Sambucus nigra |Tree 25 ft.|Ordinary soil and |Garden form aurea | |position, full sun | (Golden-leaved | | | Elder) | | | | | | ,, ,, laciniata | ,, | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Cut-leaved | | | Elder) | | | | | | ,, racemosa |Tree 10 to |Needs a fairly cool moist |North Hemisphere (Scarlet-berried |15 ft. |soil | Elder) | | | | | | ,, ,, *plumosa |Tree 12 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form | | | ,, ,, ,, *aurea |Tree 8 ft. | ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | ,, ,, serratifolia|Tree 10 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |15 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *tenuifolia |Shrub 6 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, | | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | CHARACTER | | LATIN NAME. | AND | REMARKS. | NATIVE COUNTRY. | HEIGHT. | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+---------------- | | | Santolina |Evergreen |Grows well in dry sandy |South Europe Chamæcyparissus |shrub 2 to |soils | (Lavender Cotton)|3 ft. | | | | | ,, rosmarinifolia |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |Spain and |shrub 2 ft.| |Portugal | | | ,, viridis |Evergreen | ,, ,, ,, |South Europe |shrub 3 ft.| | | | | Sarcococca |Evergreen |Hardy only in the South |Himalaya Hookeriana |shrub 4 ft.|and West of England | | | | Sassafras |Tree 15 to |Needs fairly moist soil, |United States officinale (Syn. |25 ft. |sheltered position | Laurus Sassafras)| | | (The Sassafras | | | tree) | | | | | | Schizandra |Twining |Succeeds best as a wall |China and Japan chinensis |shrub 20 |plant | |ft. | | | | | Smilax aspera |Twining |Should be trained to a |Mediterranean |evergreen |wall or trellis. Needs |region |shrub 10 |shelter | |ft. | | | | | ,, ,, maculata |Twining | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |evergreen | | |shrub 10 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, Bona-nox (Syn. |Twining | ,, ,, ,, |Southern United S. hastata) |evergreen | |States |shrub 5 to | | |10 ft. | | | | | ,, China |Twining | ,, ,, ,, |China |evergreen | | |shrub 20 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, excelsa |Twining | ,, ,, ,, |Syria |evergreen | | |shrub 10 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, glauca (Syn. S. |Twining | ,, ,, ,, |North America Sarsaparilla) |evergreen | | |shrub 3 ft.| | | | | ,, rotundifolia |Twining | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Syn. S. caduca) |deciduous | | |shrub 8 ft.| | | | | ,, tamnoides |Twining | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |evergreen | | |shrub 10 | | |ft. | | | | | Stachyurus præcox |Small tree |Moist soil and sheltered |China and Japan |10 to 12 |spot. Early flowering | |ft. | | | | | Stauntonia |Evergreen |Needs the protection of a | ,, hexaphylla |twiner 20 |wall in the London | |ft. |district | | | | Stephanandra |Shrub 5 ft.|Ordinary soil and position| ,, flexuosa (Syn. S.| | | incisa) | | | | | | ,, Tanakæ |Shrub 3 ft.|Reddish-brown stems in |Japan | |winter | | | | Stranvæsia |Evergreen |Hardy only in South and |Himalaya glaucescens |tree 20 ft.|West of England | | | | Symplocos |Small tree |Needs sheltered spot |Himalaya to cratægoides |15 ft. | |Japan | | | ,, japonica (Syn. |Shrub 10 | ,, ,, ,, |China and Japan S. lucida) |ft. | | | | | ,, tinctoria |Shrub 3 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Southern United | | |States | | | Taxus (Yew). See | | | pp. 92, 123, 326 | | | | | | Teucrium fruticans |Evergreen |Needs sheltered spot and |South Europe (Free Germander) |shrub 2 to |light soil | |3 ft. | | | | | Tilia americana |Tree 60 to |Ordinary soil and position|North America (Syn. T. glabra),|70 ft. | | (American Lime) | | | | | | ,, *argentea (Syn. |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern Europe T. americana |50 ft. | | pubescens), | | | (Silver Lime) | | | | | | ,, cordata (Syn. | ,, | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern North T. microphylla) | | |America | | | ,, *dasystyla (Syn.| ,, |Distinct upright growth; |South-Eastern T. euchlora) | |leaves curled somewhat. |United States | |Very valuable | | | | ,, heterophylla | ,, |Ordinary soil and position|North America (Syn. T. | | | macrophylla) | | | | | | ,, mandshurica |Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, |Manchuria |50 ft. | | | | | ,, miqueliana |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Japan (Japanese Lime) |80 ft. | | | | | ,, *petiolaris |Tree 50 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern Europe (Syn. T. alba | | | pendula), (White | | | Weeping Lime) | | | | | | ,, *platyphyllos |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe (Syn. T. europæa)|80 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, and |Various | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |heights | | | | | ,, pubescens (Syn. |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |Eastern United T. leptophylla) |70 ft. | |States | | | ,, vulgaris (Syn. |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe T. hybrida), |80 ft. | | (Common Lime) | | | | | | *Trachycarpus |Evergreen |Good deep loam, shelter |Japan excelsus (Syn. |palm 20 ft.|from rough winds | Chamærops | | | excelsa) | | | | | | Ulmus alata |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|Southern United (Cork-winged Elm)|40 ft. | |States | | | ,, americana |Tree 80 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America (American Elm) |90 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, pendula |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (American Weeping|tree | | Elm) | | | | | | ,, campestris |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and Asia (Common Elm) |80 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *aurea |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Garden form (Golden-leaved | | | Elm) | | | | | | ,, ,, *microphylla|Weeping | ,, ,, ,, | ,, pendula |tree | | | | | ,, ,, suberosa |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |80 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, viminalis |Tree 25 ft.| ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Twiggy Elm) | | | | | | ,, fulva (Syn. U. |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America rubra) |60 ft. | | | | | ,, montana (Scotch |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Europe and North or Wych Elm) |80 ft. | |Asia | | | ,, ,, aurea |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, |Garden form |40 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, crispa |Tree 30 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |40 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *Dampieri |Tree 25 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, aurea |30 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, fastigiata |Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |50 ft. | | | | | ,, ,, *pendula |Weeping | ,, ,, ,, | ,, |tree | | | | | ,, ,, purpurea |Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, | ,, (Purple-leaved |50 ft. | | Elm) | | | | | | ,, ,, and other |Various | ,, ,, ,, |Garden forms varieties |heights | | | | | ,, parviflora (Syn.|Small tree | ,, ,, ,, |China and Japan U. chinensis) |10 to 12 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, pumila |Small tree | ,, ,, ,, |North Asia |10 to 15 | | |ft. | | | | | ,, racemosa |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |North America |60 ft. | | | | | ,, turkestanica |Tree 40 to | ,, ,, ,, |Turkestan (Turkestan Elm) |50 ft. | | | | | Xanthoxylum |Shrub 10 to| ,, ,, ,, |United States americanum |20 ft. | | (Toothache tree) | | | | | | ,, planispinum |Shrub 10 to| ,, ,, ,, |Japan |15 ft. | | | | | Zelkowa acuminata |Tree 50 to | ,, ,, ,, |Japan |80 ft. | | | | | ,, crenata |Tree 60 to | ,, ,, ,, |Caucasus |80 ft. | | | | | ,, Verschaffelti |Tree 30 ft.| ,, ,, ,, |Eastern Europe (Syn. Ulmus | | |and Asia Minor Verschaffelti) | | | -------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
INDEX
Abelia floribunda, 189
Abelias, 20; as climbers, 307; pruning, 20
Abies, 122
Abutilon vexillarium, 189
Abutilons, as climbing shrubs, 308
Acacia, 449; rose, the, 4, 448
Acacias, 189
Acanthopanax ricinifolium, 20, 470; sessiliflorum, 20; spinosum, 20, 470
Acer, 41, 175, 470; ginnala, for colour, 74; palmatum and varieties, 282
Actinidia, 176; pruning, 21; for autumn colouring, 76
Adenandra fragrans, 190
Adlumia cirrhosa, 308
Æsculus, 4, 21, 41, 176, 357, 358, 359
Ailantus, 41, 471; glandulosa, 176; for its fruits, 78
Akebia quinata, 308; pruning, 21; for autumn colouring, 76
Alders 41, 68, 471; with beautiful catkins, 68
Alleys, pleached or green, 334-337
Allspice, American, 364; Californian, 364
Almond, the, 409; in greenhouse, 278
Alnus, 41, 471-472
Aloysia citriodora, 309
Alpine rose, 431
Althæa frutex, 4
Amelanchier, 3, 17, 21, 167, 176, 360-361; canadensis, for colour, 74
Amoor yellow wood, 370
Amorpha canescens, 22; fruticosa, 22
Ampelopsis, 309; Veitch's, for autumn colouring, 76
Amygdalus, 410
Andromeda polifolia, 176, 361
Andromedas, 18, 22, 250, 393; in greenhouse, 266
Anopterus glandulosa, 190
Apios tuberosa, 309
Apricots, the, 411
Aralia, 26; pruning, 22; mandschurica, 166; quinquefolia, 191; spinosa, 176
Araucaria, 121
Arbours, weeping trees as, 89
Arbor-vitæ, as a hedge, 327
Arbutus, 17, 176; hybrida, 64, 249; Unedo, 249; Unedo for its fruits, 78; and varieties, 64, 249
Arctostaphylos alpina, 176; Uva-ursi, 250
Aristolochia, 22, 166, 176; Sipho, as a climber, 305, 309
Aristotelia Macqui, 472; M. variegata, 472
Aronia floribunda, for grouping, 284
Arrow-wood, 462
Artemisia Abrotanum, 176, 472
Artemisia, pruning, 22
Arundinaria Veitchii, 472
Arundo Donax, 472; A. D. variegata, 472
Ash, 41, 476; Barberry, 361; flowering, 387; mountain, 7, 425
Aspen, 481
Aster argophyllus, 191
Athrotaxis laxifolia, 191
Atragene alpina, 309
Atraphaxis buxifolia, 472; lanceolata, 472; Muschketowi, 472; spinosa, 472
Atriplex canescens, 472; confertifolia, 472; Halimus, 472; Nuttallii, 472; portulacoides, 472
Aucuba, 58, 176, 249; the spotted, 58
Aucubas, 251, 256; for their fruits, 78
Autumn colours, 71-76
Azalea amoena, 250; ledifolia, 249; occidentalis, 5
Azaleas, 31, 250, 442; for autumn colouring, 75; in Scotland, 173; in greenhouse, 267
Azara dentata, 472; Gilliesii, 472; integrifolia, 472; microphylla, 176, 249, 310, 472
Baccharis halimifolia, 22, 472; salicifolia, 472; Patagonica, 22, 472
Bamboo garden at Kew, 220
Bamboos, hardy, 185, 218-225; place for, 219
Banksia grandis, 191
Barberries, for their fruit, 78
Bauera rubioides, 191
Bay, sweet, 478
Beam tree, white, 7, 424
Beech, propagating the, 41; autumn colouring of, 74; winter beauty of, 54
Beeches, the, 476
Bennett, Henry, the late, 342
Benthamia fragifera, 191, 310
Berberidopsis corallina, 208, 310
Berberis Aquifolium, 256; for grouping, 297; and vars., 249; for autumn colouring, 75, 249; buxifolia, 249; concinna, for autumn colouring, 75; Darwinii, 249; japonica, 249; stenophylla, 39, 249, 256; Thunbergi, for autumn colouring, 75; for grouping, 284; wallichiana, 249; vulgaris purpureis, for grouping, 284
Berberises, the, 9, 10, 22, 167, 176, 250, 361-363; in greenhouse, 268
Berchemia, 472; pruning, 23
Betula, 41, 59, 167, 176, 473; corylifolia, for colour, 73
Bigelovia Douglasii, 473; graveolens, 473
Bignonia capreolata, 311; in the south-west, 208
Billardiera longiflora, 311
Birches, the, 41, 59, 61, 472-473; silver, 473
Black thorn, 7
Bladder nut, 454
Bladder Senna, 371
Borders, flower and shrub, 257, 259
Boronias, 192
Bougainvillea glabra, in the south-west, 208
Box, 11, 177, 248; for grouping, 297; as a hedge, 327
Box-leaved Barberry, 361-362
Brachyglottis repanda, 192
Brambles, the, 450; for autumn colouring, 76
Broom, Austrian, 373; butcher's, 484; common, 359, 375; drooping, 375; moonlight, 375; Portuguese, 372; Spanish, 250, 372, 452; white Spanish, 356
Brooms, in greenhouse, 286
Broussonetia Kæmpferi, 473; papyrifera, 473
Bruckenthalia, pruning, 23; spiculifolia, 250
Bryanthus, 23, 177; empetriformis, 250
Buck-eyes, the, 357
Bucklandia populnea, 208
Buckthorn, sea, 11, 483; for its fruits, 82
Budding, propagating trees and shrubs by, 41
Buddleia Colvillei, 192, 363; globosa, 23, 167, 363; japonica, 23, 363; intermedia, 23; lindleyana, 23; paniculata, 23; variabilis, 23, 364; Wilsonæ, 363
Bumelia lanuginosa, 473; lycioides, 473
Butter nut, 478
Cæsalpinia Gilliesi, 265; japonica, 364
Callicarpa purpurea, in the south-west, 209
Calluna, 23; vulgaris, 13, 238, 250
Calophaca, 23
Calycanthus, 23; floridus, 4, 167, 364; occidentalis, 364
Calystegia pubescens, fl. pl., 311
Camellia, 23, 177, 311; japonica, 249; reticulata, 193
Candleberry gale, 18
Candollea tetrandra in the south-west, 193
Cantua buxifolia, 193
Caragana, 24
Carmichælia, 24, 177
Carpenteria californica, in the south-west, 193; in greenhouse, 268
Carpinus, 41, 175, 473
Carya, 41, 474; tomentosa, for autumn colouring, 73
Caryopteris Mastacanthus, 193; in greenhouse, 268
Cassandra, 24, 364
Cassia corymbosa, 209
Cassinia, 24; fulvida, 3; leptophylla, 194
Cassiope, 24, 177, 364
Castanea, 41, 177, 474
Catalpa, 24, 42, 365-367
Ceanothus, 166, 167, 194, 313, 367, 368; americanus, 24, 367; azureus, 24, 367; gloire de Versailles, 24, 194, 249; integerrimus, 24; veitchianus, 194
Ceanothuses, in greenhouse, 269
Cedar of Lebanon, 51; beauty of, in winter, 51
Cedrus, 122
Celastrus, 24, 474; for its fruits, 80
Celtis, 41, 474
Cercis, 24, 177, 368; Siliquastrum, in greenhouse, 269
Cherries, the, 414
Cherry, cornelian, 475; bird, 3, 7, 417
Cherry, wild, 7, 17, 414
Chestnut, 41; golden, 474; sweet, 41, 474
Chimonanthus, 3, 25, 177, 313; fragrans, 57, 64
Chionanthus, 25, 368, 369; in greenhouse, 269
Choisya ternata, 168, 178, 249, 270, 314, 369
Chorizemas, in the south-west, 209
Christ's Thorn, 83
Cissus discolor, in the south-west, 209
Cistus, 18, 25, 178, 369-370; gum, 370; laurifolius, 249
Citharexylon quadrangulare, 194
Citrus trifoliata, 194
Cladrastis amurensis, 370; tinctoria, 370; for autumn colouring, 74
Clematis aromatica, 25; calycina, 64; cærulea odorata, 25; Flammula, 25; florida, 25; indivisa lobata, in the south-west, 209; Jackmani, 25, 168; lanuginosa, 25; montana, 25, 168; paniculata, 25; patens, 25; Viticella, 25; Vitalba, 25
Clematises, in greenhouse, 270
Clerodendron trichotomum, 25, 194; for autumn colouring, 74
Clethra, 25, 168, 194; in greenhouse, 270; alnifolia, 4, 370-371
Clianthus puniceus, in the south-west, 209
Climbers, variegated, 99
Coffee tree, 477
Colletia cruciata, 178, 474; ferox, 474
Colouring, autumn, of leaf, 71
Colutea, 26, 371; arborescens, 177, 371; for grouping, 285, 371; cruenta, 371
Comptonia asplenifolia, 5
Conifers, 185; at Murthly Castle, 124; for autumn colouring, 74; for rock garden, 148; in ornamental planting, 110-128; propagation of, 118-124; variegated, 97; weeping, 91
Convolvulus Cneorum, 178
Coprosma acerosa, for its fruits, 81
Coriaria japonica, for its fruits, 81; myrtifolia, 474
Cornels, in winter, 60-61
Cornus, 64, 178, 474-475; alba, 26, 168, 474; Amomum, 26, 474; Baileyi, 26, 474; capitata, for its fruits, 81; fragifera, 191; pubescens, 26, 475; sanguinea, for grouping, 285; Spathii, 252; stolonifera, 26, 475; winter beauty of, 60, 61
Corokia buddleioides, 195
Coronilla Emerus, 371; juncea, 372
Correas, in the south-west, 195
Corylopsis pauciflora, 372; spicata, 64, 177, 270, 372
Corylus, 168, 178, 475; maxima purpurea, for grouping, 286
Corynocarpus lævigatus, 195
Cotoneaster buxifolia, 249; and Wheeleri for grouping, 298; frigida, 252; horizontalis, 259; for autumn colouring, 75; microphylla, 168, 250; for grouping, 298; rotundifolia, 250; Simonsii, 250; for grouping, 286; thymifolia, 250
Cotoneasters, 26, 178, 256; for their fruits, 78
Cotton, 486
Crab, Siberian, the, 421
Crabs, 7, 421-424
Cratægus, 7, 26, 42, 372, 376-382; monogyna præcox, 64; Oxyacantha, 252, 256; Pyracantha, 249, 256
Crinodendron Hookeri, 195
Crowberry, 476
Cryptomeria, 121
Cucumber tree, 403
Cupressus, the, 119; macrocarpa, 11
Currants, the, 279, 448
Cuttings, propagating trees and shrubs by, 40
Cypress, Monterey, 11; Lawson, in winter, 51; Lawson, as a hedge, 328
Cyrilla racemiflora, 382
Cytisus, 26, 252, 286, 372-376; in greenhouse, 271; capitatus, 26, 373; nigricans, 26, 372, 373, 374; racemosus, in the south-west, 195
Cytisuses, the, 168, 178, 372, 373, 374, 375
Daboecia, 16; polifolia, 178, 238, 250, 382
Daffodils, 15
Daisy, bush, 405; tree, 405
Danæ Laurus, 475
Daphne Cneorum, 169, 250, 252; indica, in the south-west, 196; Laureola, 7, 169, 282; Mezereum and var. alba, 252; Mezereum, for grouping, 169, 256, 287; oleoides, 250
Daphnes, the, 26, 64, 179, 382, 383
Daphniphyllum glaucescens, 196
Datura sanguinea, in the south-west, 196
Decumaria barbara, 475
Dendromecon rigidus, in the south-west, 196
Desfontainea spinosa, 196
Desmodium, 27
Deutzia, 27, 179, 271, 383, 384; crenata, 169, 252, 383; for autumn colouring, 76; discolor, 383; gracilis, 252, 383; hybrida, 252, 383; parviflora, 383
Diervilla, 169; in greenhouse, 272; florida, 384; middendorfiana, 384
Dimorphanthus mandschuricus, 166; for grouping, 287
Diosma ericoides, in the south-west, 197
Diospyros Kaki, in the south-west, 197
Diplacus glutinosus, in the south-west, 210
Diplopappus, 3
Disanthus cercidifolia, for autumn colouring, 75
Dogwood, 475; Siberian, 474
Drimys aromatica, 197, 475; Winteri, 475
Dryobalanops aromatica, 197
Eccremocarpus, 314
Edwardsia grandiflora, 197, 314
Elæagnus, 27-64, 179, 249, 475-476; macrophyllus, 249; multiflora, for its fruits, 81; pungens and varieties, 249, 252
Elæocarpus cyaneus, 210
Elder, scarlet-berried, for its fruits, 86
Elders, 7, 485
Elm, autumn beauty of, 73
Elms, 41, 487, 488
Embothrium coccineum, 198
Empetrum nigrum, 179, 476
Enkianthus campanulatus, 384; himalaicus, 179; for autumn colouring, 75
Ephedra americana, 476; distachya, 476; gerardiana, 476; helvetica, 476; trifurca, 476
Epigæa repens, 384, 385
Ercilla spicata, 210; volubilis, 476
Erica, 27; arborea, 238, 249; australis, 230, 249; carnea, 64, 250; c. alba, 64; cinerea, 234, 250; ciliaris, 235; codonodes, 229; lusitanica, 229, 249; maweana, 235; mediterranea, 64, 231, 249; m. hybrida, 64, 250; Mackaii, 237; multiflora, 237; scoparia, 232; stricta, 232; Tetralix, 236, 250; vagans, 237, 250; vulgaris, 288; Watsoni, 236
Erinacea pungens, 385
Eriobotrya japonica, 476
Eriogonum umbellatum, 179
Eriostemon buxifolius, 198
Escallonia, 27; illinita, 198, 385; macrantha, 169; philippiana, 169, 249; punctata, 27; rubra, 27, 249
Escallonias, the, 179, 198, 385
Eucalypti, in the south-west, 198
Eucryphia pinnatifolia, 179, 199, 249
Euonymus, 5, 179, 249; alatus, for autumn colouring, 76; europæus, for its fruits, 81; fimbriatus, 199; japonicus, 252, 256; radicans var., 250, 252
Euonymuses, for grouping, 287
Eupatorium weinmannianum, 199
Eurya japonica, 476; latifolia, 199
Evergreens, climbing, 246; for winter and summer effect, 297; for rock garden, 148; native and other hardy, 240-250; pruning of, 245; suitable climate for, 241; the best, 247; time to transplant, 243
Exochorda grandiflora, 2, 27, 179, 386
Fabiana imbricata, 179, 199
Fagus, 41, 179, 199, 476
Fatsia, 27, 476
Ficus Carica, 476
Fig, 476
Fir, Scotch, the, 11
Flower borders, 257-259
Flower garden in winter, 62
Forsythia, 256, 386; suspensa, 4, 9, 10, 169, 179, 252, 386; viridissima, 179, 387
Forsythias, in greenhouse, 272
Fothergilla, 27; alnifolia, for autumn colouring, 76
Fraxinus, 41, 180, 476; floribunda, 387; Mariesii, for its fruits, 81; Ornus, 387
Fremontia californica, 200
Fringe tree, 368, 369; American, 369
Fuchsia corallina, 387; globosa, 387; gracilis, 387; Riccartoni, 169, 180, 388; for grouping, 288
Fuchsias, hardy, 314, 387
Furze, 461; double, 250
Garden orchard, the, 338-341
Garden, rock, trees and shrubs for, 138-150
Gardens, trees and shrubs for windswept, 106-109
Garland flower, the, 382
Garrya elliptica, 27, 64, 69, 169, 249, 388
Gaultheria procumbens, 250; for autumn colouring, 75; Shallon, 5, 250
Gean, the, 414
Genista, 28, 180, 388; hispanica, 250, 253, 256; tinctoria, 28, 170; virgata, 170
Genistas, the, 388, 389
Gingko biloba, for autumn colouring, 74
Gleditschia triacanthos, 41, 73, 180, 477; for its fruits, 81
Golden bell, the, 386; rain or chain, 397
Gooseberry, 448
Gordonia Lasianthus, 390; pubescens, 390
Gorse, 461; common, for grouping, 301; double, 250
Grafting, abuse and use of, 38, 41
Greenhouse, shrubs, hardy in, 263-282
Grevilleas, in the south-west, 200
Griselinia littoralis, 477; lucida, 477
Grouping, right way of, 10
Guelder rose, the, 464; wild, 7
Guevina avellana, in the south-west, 200
Gymnocladus canadensis, 477; chinensis, 477
Hablitzia tamnoides, 314
Habrothamnus corymbosus, in the south-west, 200
Hakea laurina, 201
Halesia tetraptera, 170
Halesias, 3, 28, 390-392
Halimodendron, 28
Hamamelis, 28, 64, 170, 180, 253, 392, 393; for autumn colouring, 74; arborea, 392; japonica, 392; mollis, 393; virginica, 64, 393
Hawthorn, 178, 252; Chinese, 480
Hazel, common, for autumn colouring, 75
Hazels, 67, 475; with beautiful catkins, 67; Wych, 392
Heath, Dorset, 250; Irish, the, 26; paths, 16
Heather bell, 250; common, 13; Cornish, 250; Scotch, 250
Heaths, 179, 226-239; in greenhouse, 272; the taller or tree-like, 228; the dwarfer, 233
Heathy paths, 13-15
Hedera Helix and its vars., 256, 315; for its fruits, 82
Hedge, arbor-vitae as a, 327; box as a, 327; cypress, Lawson, as a, 328; holly as a, 325; laurel as a, 329; Osmanthus ilicifolius as a, 329; privet as a, 328; yew as a, 326
Hedges, deciduous, 330; flowering and other, 324-333; of flowering shrubs, 331
Hedysarum, 28, 170
Helianthemum, 28, 170
Heliocarpus cyaneus, 201
Hibbertia dentata, 210
Hibiscus syriacus, 4, 27, 253, 256, 393
Hickory, 41, 474
Hippophaë rhamnoides, 393; for grouping, 288; for its fruits, 82
Hoheria populnea, 201
Hollies, for their fruits, 82; weeping, 89
Holly, 11, 42, 248, 253, 477, 478; as a hedge, 325; for grouping, 299
Honey locust, 41; for autumn colouring, 73
Honeysuckles, 7, 317; for autumn colouring, 76
Hop tree, 481
Hornbeams, 41, 473, 479
Horse chestnut, 21, 357, 358, 359
Hydrangea, 28, 180, 394; Hortensia, 249, 253, 394; paniculata, 170, 395; p. grandiflora, 253; for grouping, 288; petiolaris, 395; quercifolia, 395; radiata, 395; scandens, 210
Hydrangeas, in greenhouse, 273
Hymenanthera crassifolia, 477; for its fruits, 82
Hypericum, 28, 180, 395-396; calycinum, 171, 250, 252; moserianum, 39, 252, 396
Hypericums, for their fruits, 82; for grouping, 289
Idesia polycarpa, 477
Ilex, 9, 17, 42, 180, 249, 253, 477, 478; for grouping, 299
Illicium anisatum, 201
Indigofera, 28; gerardiana, 201, 316
Inga pulcherrima, 210
Ireland, trees and shrubs in, 215-217
Iris pallida dalmatica, 4
Iron tree, 479
Itea, 28, 396; virginica, in greenhouses, 273
Ivies, 315; bush, 241, 250, 253
Ivy, atropurpurea, for autumn colouring, 76; beauty of, in winter, 49; bush or tree in winter, 64; for its fruits, 82
Ivy poison, 484
Jacaranda mimosæfolia, 201
Jamesia, 28, 396; americana, in greenhouse, 274
Jasmines, the, 317
Jasminum, 29, 180; nudiflorum, 171, 253; officinale, 171, 256
Judas tree, 368
Juglans, 41, 180, 478
Juniper, 7, 11
Junipers, the, 119
Juniperus Sabina tamariscifolia, 300
Kadsura chinensis, 478
Kalmia angustifolia, 250; glauca, 250; latifolia, 171, 249
Kalmias, 18, 29, 397; in greenhouse, 274
Kennedya nigricans, 210
Kerria, 29, 171, 253, 256; in greenhouse, 274; japonica, 317; for grouping, 289; white-flowered, 447
Kew, bamboo garden at, 219
Koelreuteria paniculata, 397; japonica, for autumn colouring, 74
Labrador tea, 400
Laburnum, 29, 41, 171, 180, 253, 256, 397-400; Nepaul, 319; in greenhouse, 274
Lagerstroemia indica, 201
Lapagerias, in the south-west, 211
Lardizabala biternata, 478
Larix, 122
Lasiandra macrantha, in the south-west, 211
Laurel, Alexandrian, 475; American, 432; cherry, 2, 249, 418; ground, 384; mountain, 397; Portugal, 249, 419; sheep, 397
Laurels as hedges, 329; for grouping, 297
Laurus nobilis, 249, 478
Lavandula, 29, 170
Lavender, 18, 180
Leaf, autumn colouring of the, 71; conditions detrimental to, 72
Ledum, 18, 29, 180, 400; buxifolium, 5; latifolium, 250; palustre, 5
Leiophyllum buxifolium, 250, 400
Leptospermums, in the south-west, 201
Lespedeza, 29, 400
Leucothoë, 29, 180; axillaris, 29; Catesbæi, 29
Leycesteria formosa, 5, 29, 171, 180, 400; for grouping, 289
Libocedrus, 120
Libonia floribunda, in the south-west, 201
Ligustrum, 29, 171, 249, 253, 400-402; japonicum, 249; ovalifolium aureum, 256
Lilac, Japanese and others, 382, 455-460
Lilacs, the, 36, 455-460
Limes, 41, 487
Linden, 41
Lindera Benzoin, 478; glauca, 479; hypoglauca, 479; obtusiloba, 479; sericea, 479
Ling, the, 16, 23
Liquidambar, 41, 73, 180, 457
Liriodendron, 29, 171, 181, 402; for autumn colouring, 73
Litsea geniculata, 201
Loblolly bay, 390
Locust tree, 42, 477, 449
Lonicera periclymenum, 171
Loniceras, 29, 64, 181, 317; in greenhouse, 275; for grouping, 290
Loropetalum chinense, 402; in greenhouse, 275
Lupinus arboreus, 181
Lycium, 30; chinense, for its fruits, 82; for grouping, 290
Lyme grass, blue, 11
Lyonia, 30
Maclura aurantiaca, 479; for its fruits, 83
Magnolia conspicua, 3, 254, 256, 318, 403; fuscata, 211; grandiflora, 248, 318; soulangeana, 3, 254, 404; stellata, 2, 171, 254, 256, 404; tripetala, for its fruits, 83
Magnolias, 30, 42, 55, 181, 403-404; in greenhouse, 275
Mandevilla suaveolens, in the south-west, 211
Maple, 41, 470-471
Maples, for autumn colour, 74; Japanese, in greenhouse, 282
Mayflower, 384, 385
Medlars, 7, 428
Melaleuca hypericifolia, 202
Melia Azedarach, 202
Melianthus major, 202
Mespilus, 3, 9
Metrosideros robusta, 202
Mezereon, the, 383
Michelia fuscata, in the south-west, 211
Microglossa albescens, 30
Mitraria coccinea, 202
Mock orange, 407
Moorwort, 361
Morus, 41, 181, 479
Moths, goat and wood-leopard, injury to trees by, 161, 162
Mulberry, 41, 479
Murthly Castle, Perthshire, conifers and pines at, 124, 128
Myoporum lætum, 203
Myrica, 30, 479; cerifera, 5
Myricaria, 30
Myrtle, bog, 18; North American, 5; sand, 400; wax, 479
Nandina domestica, 479
Neillia, 30, 172
Nerium Oleander, in the south-west, 203
Nettle tree, 41, 474
Neviusia, 30
Notospartium, 30, 404
Nut, cob, 475
Nuttallia, 30, 405
Nyssa aquatica, 479; sylvatica, 479; for autumn colouring, 73
Oaks, the, 41, 481-483; American red, 72; holm, 248; scarlet, 7
Oleanders, in the south-west, 203
Olearia, 39, 181, 319, 405; argophyllus, 191; Haastii, 249
Olearias, in greenhouse, 276
Olive, wild, 475
Ononis, 30; rotundifolia, 30
Orange ball tree, the, 363
Orange flower, Mexican, 369
Orange, Osage, the, 83
Orchard, the, garden, 338-341
Osmanthus, 31, 181, 479; ilicifolius, 249, 254, 256; as a hedge, 329; i. purpureus, 254
Ostrya carpinifolia, 479; virginica, 479
Oxycoccus, 31
Oxydendron, 31, 406
Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius, 203, 406
Pæonies, tree, in greenhouse, 276
Paliurus, 31, 83, 479
Parrotia, 31, 64, 479; for autumn colouring, 74
Partridge berry, for autumn colouring, 75
Passifloras, the, 319
Paths, heathy, 13-16; making, 16
Paulownia, 31, 203
Pavia, 357, 358; macrostachya, 4
Peach, the, 412
Pearl bush, the, 2
Pears, the, 420
Pear, wild, the, 420; willow-leaved, the, 421
Peaty garden, plants for, 5
Peccan nut, 474
Pentstemon cordifolius, in the south-west, 203
Peraphyllum, 31
Pergolas, weeping trees as, 89
Periploca, 31
Periwinkles, 185
Pernettyas, the, 18, 31, 83, 172, 181, 250, 406; in greenhouse, 276
Persimmon, the, in the south-west, 197
Phellodendron amurense, 479
Philadelphus, 31, 181, 256, 407-408; coronarius, 31, 407, 254; grandiflorus, 254; Lemoinei, 31, 407; microphyllus, 31, 408
Philadelphuses, in greenhouse, 277
Philesia buxifolia, in the south-west, 203
Phillyræa, 31, 480; decora, 249; latifolia, 249
Phlomis fruticosa, 181
Phoenocoma prolifera, 211
Photinia, 31, 203, 480
Physianthus albens, 211
Picea, 121
Pieris, 32, 172, 181, 408; floribunda, 249; formosa, 204; japonica, 249; mariana, for autumn colouring, 75
Pimelea decussata, in the south-west, 204
Pines, 110-128; at Murthly Castle, 127-128
Pine, stone, 52
Pinus, 123; Montezumæ, in the south-west, 204
Piptanthus nepalensis, 319; in the south-west, 204
Pittosporums, in the south-west, 204
Plagianthus betulinus, 204
Plane, 42, 480; eastern, 480; western, 480
Planting, ornamental, in woodland, 6-7
Platanus, 42, 181, 480
Pleroma macrantha, in the south-west, 211
Plumbago capensis, in the south-west, 212
Plums, the, 412; in greenhouse, 278
Podocarpus andina, 205
Poinciana Gilliesi, 205
Polygala grandifolia, 205
Polygonum baldschuanicum, 319
Pomegranate, the, in the south-west, 205
Poplars, 42, 480; white, 42, 480; with beautiful catkins, 66
Poppy, Californian, 449
Populus, 42, 181, 480; tremuloides pendula, 64
Potentilla, 32, 172, 181
Privet, 256; abuse of, 1-2; as a hedge, 328; Japanese, 249; golden-leaved, 256
Privets, the, 400-402; for their fruit, 82
Propagation of hardy trees, 38-46; by budding, 40; by cuttings, 40; by layers, 40; by seeds, 39; by suckers, 39
Pruning flowering trees, 19-37; standard trees, 37; tools for, 37; ways of, 37; with secateurs, 37
Prunus, 32, 41, 182, 254, 409-419; Amygdalus, 256; A. persicoides, 64; Avium, 256; davidiana, 64; japonica, 32, 415; Laurocerasus, 249, 256; lusitanica, 249; Mahaleb pendula, 172; nana, 32, 410; Persica, 256; pseudo-cerasus, 256; triloba, 32, 319, 412
Pseudolarix, 122
Pseudopanax crassifolium, 205
Pseudotsuga, 122
Ptelea, 32, 182; trifoliata, 83; var. aurea, 32, 481
Pterocarya, 481
Pueraria thunbergiana, 212
Punica granatum, in the south-west, 205
Pyrus, 32, 41, 83, 84, 172, 182, 254, 319, 419-428; in greenhouse, 278; arbutifolia, for autumn colouring, 76; Aucuparia, 256; baccata, 32, 421; floribunda, 9, 32, 256, 422; Maulei, for its fruits, 84; japonica, 33, 64, 256, 427; for grouping, 290; spectabilis, 32, 424; torminalis, for colour, 74
Quercus, 41, 182, 481-483; acuta, 249; coccifera, 249; coccinea splendens or grayana, 73; heterophylla, 73; Ilex, 248; imbricaria, 73; marylandica, 73; palustris, for autumn colouring, 73; phillyræoides, 249
Quinces, 7, 426
Raphiolepis japonica, for its fruits, 85; in greenhouse, 279
Raspberry, 450
Redesdale, Lord, and hardy bamboos, 218
Reed, giant, the, 472
Rhamnus, 33, 86, 249, 483; Frangula, in autumn, 75
Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus, 206; for its fruits, 85
Rhodochiton volubile, 212
Rhododendron azaleoides, 249; catawbiense, 249; Fortunei, 249; ferrugineum, 250; myrtifolium, 249; ponticum, 7, 249, 416, 433; racemosus, 250
Rhododendrons, 7, 18, 33, 64, 172, 182, 249, 428-447; in Scotland, 254; in greenhouse, 279; for grouping, 299
Rhodotypos kerrioides, 23, 173, 254, 447; in greenhouse, 279
Rhus, 33, 483-484; Cotinus, 173, 254; for grouping, 291; glabra, 254; for autumn colouring, 74; phoenicolasius, for its fruits, 86; typhina, 254-256
Rhyncospermum jasminoides, in the south-west, 212
Ribes, 33, 173, 183, 254, 256, 447-448; in greenhouse, 279
Robinia, 34, 42, 173, 183, 254, 448-449; hispida, 4, 448; Pseudacacia and varieties, 256
Rock garden, trees and shrubs for, 138, 150
Romneya Coulteri, 449
Rosa, 34, 183, 319; alba, 346; Alberti, 346; alpina, 347; arvensis, 347; Bengale Hermosa, for grouping, 292; carolina, 347; ferruginea, 348; lævigata, 348; lutea, 348; microphylla, 348; moschata, 349; multiflora, 349; ochroleuca, 350; pomifera, 350; rubiginosa, for grouping, 296; rugosa, 350; for grouping, 291; sericea, 351; setigera, 351; spinosissima, 351; webbiana, 352; wichuraiana, 352
Rose apple, 350; Austrian briar, 348; Japanese, 350; musk, 349
Rosemary, 18, 183, 250
Rose of Sharon, 395; Alpine, 250
Roses, for their fruits, 85; the worthy use of, 342-352; wild, the, 7, 344
Rowan tree, 425
Rubus, 34, 183, 292, 293, 450-451; australis, 206; deliciosus, 173, 254
Ruscus, 183, 484; aculeatus, 174; for grouping, 300; androgynus, 212
Ruta graveolens, 484
Salix, 42, 183, 293, 484-485; daphnoides, 60
Salmon berry, 451
Sambucus, 35, 184, 294, 485-486; for its fruits, 86
Santolina, 35, 486
Sarcococca hookeriana, 486
Sassafras officinale, 486
Savins, 10
Sciadopitys, 120
Schizandra chinensis, 486
Sea coast, hedges of tamarisk by, 101; planting in bleak places along, 101; planting in mild places along, 105
Seeds, propagating trees and shrubs by, 39
Senecios, the, in the south-west, 206
Sequoia, 121
Service tree, 7, 425
Shrubbery, mixed, evils of, 1
Shrub borders, 257-259; groups for winter and summer effect, 283-302
Shrubs, a winter garden of, 45-62; for moist soils, 136, 137; for moist, peaty soils at foot of rocks, 150; for sea coast, 101-105; for swampy places, 135-136; for small gardens, 251-256; for sheltered situations and mild climates, 149; for town gardens, 255; for the rock garden, 138-150; for waterside, 134-137; for wind-swept gardens, 106-109; grouping of, 8-12; hardy, climbing, the use of, 303-323; hardy, in greenhouse, 263-282; hardy flowering, for rock garden, 148; in Ireland, 215-217; in poor soil, 17, 18; in Scotland, 166-186; propagation of, 38-46; pruning, 19-37; removal of, 151-158; tender, in the south-west, 187-207; under trees, 260-262; variegated, in winter garden, 93; variety in, want of, 1-5; with beautiful catkins, 65-70; with fine fruits, 77-87
Silver bell, 390
Skimmia, 35, 184, 254; japonica, 250
Sloe, the, 413
Smilax, 35, 320, 486
Smoke bush, 483
Snowball tree, 465
Snowberry, for its fruits, 86
Snowdrop tree, the, 3, 390
Solanum crispum, in the south-west, 206; jasminoides, 320; Wendlandi, 213, 320
Sollya heterophylla, in the south-west, 213
Sophora, 35, 41, 452; tetraptera, 197
Sorbus americana, 7
Southernwood, 472
Sparmannia africana, in the south-west, 206
Spartium, 35, 452; junceum, 174, 255, 256; for grouping, 295
Spice bush, 478
Spindle tree, 5, 7
Spiræa, 35, 174, 452-454; arguta, 256; betulifolia, 35, 452; Douglasi, 35, 453; Foxii, 35; japonica, 35, 256, 453; Margaritæ, 35; prunifolia, 2, 454; p. fl. pl., autumn colouring of, 75; salicifolia, 35, 454; semperflorens, 35; Thunbergi, 2, 454; autumn colouring of, 75; tomentosa, 35
Spiræas, 184, 255; for grouping, 295; in greenhouse, 280
Spruce, common, the, 121
Spurge laurel, 382
Stachyurus, 36, 486
Staphylea colchica, 36, 184, 454; Coulombieri, 36; pinnata, 36, 454; trifolia, 454
Staphyleas, in greenhouse, 280
Stauntonia hexaphylla, 486; latifolia, 213, 320
Stephanandra flexuosa, 486; Tanakæ, 486
St. Daboëc's heath, 382
St. John's Wort, 395
Storax, Japanese, 455
Stranvæsia glaucescens, 486
Strawberry tree, 475
Streets, shade trees for, 163
Streptosolen Jamesoni, in the south-west, 213
Stuartia, 36, 320, 454-455
Styrax, 36, 455
Suæda, 36
Suckers, propagating trees and shrubs by, 39
Sumach, 483
Sumachs, for autumn colouring, 74
Swainsonia albiflora, in the south-west, 213
Sweet bay, the, 4
Sweet gum, 479; gale, 479
Symphoricarpus, 36; racemosus, 184, 255, 296; for its fruits, 86; vulgaris, 256
Symplocos, 486
Syringas, the, 36, 174, 184, 255, 256, 407, 455-459; in greenhouse, 280
Tacsonia exoniensis, in the south-west, 213; mollissima, 214
Tamarisk, the, 4, 11, 184, 459-460; by sea coast, 101
Tasmanian pepper plant, 475
Taxodium, 120
Taxus, 123, 487; baccata aurea, for grouping, 300
Teucrium fruticans, 464
Thorn, Glastonbury, 64; scarlet, the, 377
Thorns, 376-382; for the beauty of their fruits, 78
Thuyas, 120
Tilia, 41, 184, 487
Toothache tree, 488
Trachycarpus excelsus, 487
Trailing arbutus, 384
Tree mallow, 393
Tree, Parslane, 472
Trees, a winter garden of, 46, 64; for moist soil, 136, 137; for sea coast, 101-105; for swampy places, 135-136; for the rock garden, 138-150; for waterside, 134-137; for wind-swept gardens, 106-109; grouping of, 8-12; in Ireland, 215-217; in poor soil, 17-18; in Scotland, 166-186; large, removal of, 151-158; old, care of, 129-133; planting and staking, 353-356; propagation, 46-83; pruning, 19-37; shade for streets, 163-165; shrubs under, 260-262; tender in the south-west, 187-207; variegated, 93-100; weeping, and their uses, 88-92; with beautiful bark, 61; with beautiful catkins, 63-70; with fine fruits, 77-87; woodpeckers and old, 133; young and sunstroke, 159-162
Tricuspidaria hexaphylla, 321
Tsuga, 121
Tulip tree, 402; for its autumn colours, 73
Tupelo tree, 479
Ulex europæus, 461; for grouping, 301; fl. pl., 184, 250, 255, 461; nanus, 461
Ulmus, 41, 487, 488; pumila, 73
Umbrella tree, 404
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, 5; Vitis-idæa, 250
Vacciniums, 18, 36, 184; for autumn colouring, 75
Variegated trees and shrubs, 93-100; climbers, 99; conifers, 97
Veitch's, Messrs., novelties, 322
Verbena, sweet, upon walls, 309
Veronica, 175, 185; Andersonii, 462; hulkeana, 207, 462; Traversii, 250, 462
Viburnum, 36, 86, 462-466; alnifolium, 75; Lantana, 7, 463; macrocephalum, 321; Opulus, 71, 185, 464; for autumn colouring, 75; O. sterilis, 174, 255; plicatum, 4, 255, 321, 465; Tinus, 64, 250; for grouping, 301
Viburnums, in greenhouse, 281
Vincas, 185, 250, 255
Vines, 321; for autumn colouring, 76
Virginian yellow wood, 370
Vitis, 36, 321; Coignetiæ, 174, 185; for autumn colouring, 76; heterophylla, 87; humulifolia, 87
Wall-plants, in the south-west, 208-214
Walnut, 41, 478; Japanese, 69
Wax tree, 401
Wayfaring tree, 463
Weeping trees, as arbours and pergolas, 89
Weigelas, 255, 256
Westringia triphylla, 207
Whin, 461
Whitethorn, 7
Wig tree, 483
Wild cherry, 7, 17, 414
Willows, 42, 67; for grouping, 293, 484, 485; golden and red-barked, in winter, 59; with beautiful catkins, 67; weeping, near water, 88
Wind-swept gardens, trees and shrubs for, 106, 109
Wine berry, Japanese, 451
Winter's bark, 475
Winter garden, a, 45-62; walk, 45
Wistaria, 37, 322, 323; in greenhouse, 281
Woodland, ornamental planting in, 6-7
Woodpeckers and old trees, 133
Xanthoceras, 37, 466-467
Xanthoxylum americanum, 488; planispinum, 488
Yellow wood, Virginian, 370
Yew, 9, 11, 123, 248; as a hedge, 326, 327
Yuccas, 185, 250, 467
Yulan, the, 403
Zelkova, 41; acuminata, 488; crenata, 488; Verschaffelti, 488
Zenobia, 37
Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO.
Edinburgh & London
TRANSCRIBERS' NOTES
Page vi: Handlist standardised to Hand-list
Page xiii: Maidens' Blush standardised to Maiden's Blush
Page 11: hillside standardised to hill-side
Pages 24, 491: Carmichaelia standardised to Carmichælia
Pages 33, 112: subtropical standardised to sub-tropical
Page 36: suits corrected to suit in Vines for fruit suit the
Page 49: undergrowth standardised to under-growth
Pages 62, 198: out-door standardised to outdoor
Page 66: There are others Poplars corrected to There are other Poplars
Page 78: pollenise as in original
Page 91: Coryllus standardised to Corylus
Pages 116, 325: Variable spelling of Thuya Lobbi(i) as in original
Page 137: heps standardised to hips
Page 148: amæna standardised to amoena
Pages 160, 491: Variable spelling of Citharexylom/Citharexylon as in original
Page 191: Acanthoparax standardised to Acanthopanax
Page 218: widespread standardised to wide-spread
Page 230: or changed to of in "the beginning of August"
Page 248: (Arbutus) Menziesi standardised to Menziesii
Page 250: hill-sides standardised to hillsides
Page 254: Osmanthus ilicifolius atropurpeus as in original
Page 272: midwinter standardised to mid-winter
Page 284: Hawthorn-like standardised to hawthorn-like
Page 293: water-side standardised to waterside
Page 297: sub-soil standardised to subsoil
Page 314: happpy changed to happy in "but quite happy in northern gardens"
Page 317: Kerra japonica changed to Kerria japonica
Page 323: Wisteria standardised to Wistaria
Page 339: moving as in original in "There is no need to be always moving the garden orchard."
Page 344: botantists changed to botanists in "now accepted by botanists"
Page 359: Buckeye standardised to Buck-eye in This is the Red Buck-eye
Page 361: Nookta Sound corrected to Nootka Sound
Page 376: Moonlight Brown as in the original
Page 382: Dabeoc's standardised to Daboëc's
Page 386: fuschia changed to fuchsia in "fuchsia-like flowers are freely borne"; PHILLIPPIANA standardised to PHILIPPIANA
Page 432: cinnabarina as in original (should perhaps be cinnabarinum); purpureun changed to purpureum and roseun changed to roseum in "There are three varieties, album, purpureum, and roseum."
Page 436: infloresence corrected to inflorescence
Page 453: Spiræa Canescens: freely-branded as in original
Page 457: Another form with more or less golden is as in original
Page 459: coerulea standardised to cærulea; it has become neutralised there as in original
Page 463: way-faring standardised to wayfaring
Page 477: aureo marginata standardised to aureo-marginata
Page 478: hodginsi standardised to hodginsii
Page 487: Chamoerops standardised to Chamærops
Page 491: Cassinea merged with Cassinia
Page 492: Elæagnus multiflorus standardised to multiflora
Page 496: Ononis rotundifolius standardised to rotundifolia; Phillyrea standarised to Phillyræa
Page 497: pseudocerasus standardised to pseudo-cerasus
Page 499: wort standardised to Wort; Exoniensis standardised to exoniensis; Colombieri standardised to Coulombieri
Page 500: yellow-wood standardised to yellow wood (twice)
Various: Variable hyphenation of rockwork/rock-work and windswept/ wind-swept as in original
Various: Variable spelling of Rhododendron altaclarense/altaclerense, Citharexylom/Citharexylon, Cornus Spathii/Spaethii, Gingko/Ginkgo biloba, Rhyncospermum/Rhynchospermum jasminoides, Zelkova/Zelkowa, Salix Caprea/Capræa, Spiræa Douglasii/Douglasi, Cytisus Shipkænsis/Schipkænsis, Lonicera Standishi/Standishii, Rhyncospermum/Rhynchospermum, Rhapithamnus/Rhaphithamnus as in original