CHAPTER XLII.

OF COMPOUND POISONING.

Having now investigated the three great classes of poisons in their relations to physiology, practice of physic, and medical jurisprudence, it will be necessary to offer a few observations on a subject of considerable medico-legal importance, which has been almost overlooked in systems of Toxicology,—Compound Poisoning.

When two poisons of different or opposite properties are administered about the same time in poisonous doses, the effects of the one may overpower and prevent the operation of the other, or they may merely modify the action of one another. In this manner the usual symptoms produced by one or by both may be entirely or in a great measure wanting; and even in the dead body the usual appearances occasioned by one or both may be modified or perhaps altogether absent.

Although in the course of reading I have met with a sufficient number of cases of the kind to show that compound poisoning is an object of some consequence to the medical jurist, the facts hitherto made public are not so numerous as to render a systematic arrangement of them practicable. The most advisable course, therefore, seems to be merely to describe for the present the cases which have been brought under my notice. These are as follows:

1. _Poisoning with Arsenic and Alcohol._—A man, after taking twelve ounces of whisky at a debauch, swallowed, an hour afterwards, while in a state of excitement, but not particularly drunk, a quantity of arsenic, the dose of which could not be ascertained. Fifteen minutes after the arsenic was taken medical aid was procured, upon which repeated attempts were made to produce vomiting by means of ipecacuan and sulphate of zinc, but to no purpose. The stomach-pump was therefore resorted to; and, after at least an hour had been spent in previous attempts by emetics, the stomach was cleared of a fluid in which arsenic was unequivocally detected. No symptom of poisoning with arsenic followed. As the man took the arsenic seven hours after a meal, when of course the powder would at once be brought freely in contact with the villous coat of the stomach, it must, I think, be inferred, that the operation of the arsenic was impeded or prevented by the narcotism previously induced by the ardent spirits. For this case I am indebted to a former pupil, Mr. King.

_Poisoning with Arsenic and Alcohol._—A case of the same description with the last, but which proved fatal in consequence of the large quantity of arsenic taken, has been related by Dr. Wood of Dumfries. A lad of seventeen, after a night’s debauch, swallowed half an ounce of arsenic early in the morning. In two hours and a half, when Dr. Wood first saw him, there was no symptom of poisoning with arsenic,—no symptom at all indeed but languor and drowsiness. A few minutes afterwards he had slight vomiting, which was repeatedly renewed by artificial means. For some hours the pulse was but little elevated. In eighteen hours he began to sink, and presented the usual constitutional symptoms of poisoning with arsenic; and in forty-one hours he expired. But from first to last he had scarcely any local symptom except vomiting, even although the stomach presented after death signs of violent irritation.[2557]

3. _Poisoning with Tartar-Emetic and Charcoal Fumes._—Under the head of poisoning with antimony, notice has already been taken of the case of a man who, after swallowing seventeen grains of tartar-emetic, attempted to commit suicide by suffocating himself with the fumes of burning charcoal. He recovered from both attempts, suffered severely from the usual narcotic effects of carbonic acid gas, but showed scarcely any symptom of the irritant action of tartar-emetic.[2558]

4. _Poisoning with Alcohol and with Laudanum._—Under the head of poisoning with opium, allusion has already been made to a remarkable case related by Mr. Shearman, where the usual effects of opium were much retarded in an individual who, at the time of swallowing the opium, was in a state of excitement from intoxication. For five hours there was no material stupor. But after that the usual narcotic symptoms supervened and eventually proved fatal.[2559] The excitement of intoxication, however, has not always the effect of suspending the action of opium; for in a case which came under my notice in the Infirmary of this city,—that of a woman, who swallowed an ounce and a half of laudanum while much intoxicated,—the usual narcotic symptoms were fully formed in an hour: and although the stomach-pump was applied soon afterwards, she expired in less than five hours from the time the laudanum was swallowed,—those who had charge of her before she was brought into the hospital having neglected to use the proper means for keeping her roused.

5. _Poisoning with Laudanum and Corrosive Sublimate._—Of all the cases of compound poisoning I have met with, the most remarkable is an instance which occurred in Edinburgh Castle, a few years ago, of poisoning with laudanum and corrosive sublimate. In this case, the individual, a young soldier, swallowed about the same time two drachms of the latter and half an ounce of the former. He had at first no violent symptoms whatever, indicating the operation of corrosive sublimate; which is an extremely rare occurrence. Afterwards he had frequent purging and tenesmus, with bloody stools and all the usual phenomena of violent dysentery, but no pain of belly, no tenderness even on firm pressure, no vomiting except under the use of emetics. On the fourth day a violent salivation set in; and under this and the dysenteric affection he became quickly exhausted, yet not so much, but that on the day of his death, the ninth after he took the poison, he was able to walk a little in his room without assistance. He died on the close-stool rather unexpectedly. I have unfortunately lost the original notes I had of this case, and have forgotten whether any narcotic symptoms were present at first; but my impression is that they were present, though in a slight degree only. Most of the previous particulars were communicated to me by the late Dr. Mackintosh. The stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum were found after death enormously inflamed, ulcerated, and here and there almost gangrenous.—In this instance some of the corrosive sublimate must have been decomposed by the laudanum, and an insoluble meconate of mercury formed. But the quantity thus decomposed could have been but a small proportion of the whole,—as was indeed proved by the extensive ravages actually committed in the whole alimentary canal. I conceive, therefore, that there is no other way of accounting for the slight apparent effects of the corrosive sublimate, at the commencement particularly, than by supposing that the narcotic operation of the opium veiled or actually retarded the irritant action of the corrosive sublimate.

6. _Poisoning with Opium and Belladonna._—A lady, who used a compound infusion of opium and belladonna as a wash for an eruption in the vulva, took it into her head one day to use the wash as an injection; and actually received three successive injections, containing each the active matter of a scruple of opium and half an ounce of belladonna leaves. Fortunately none of the three was retained above a few minutes, except the last, which was not discharged for ten minutes. In less than an hour, she was found in bed in a deep sleep, but the true cause was not suspected till three hours later. She was then completely insensible and motionless, with the face pale, the pupils excessively dilated and not contractile, the pulse frequent and small, and the breathing hurried. After the use of purgative injections, blood-letting, leeches to the head, and sinapisms to the legs, she began in five hours to show some sign of returning consciousness, which improved after a fit of vomiting. When thoroughly roused, her vision continued dim, the pupils excessively dilated, and the ideas somewhat confused. For three days the pulse continued frequent, and the pupils somewhat dilated.[2560] Here the opium seems to have prevented the delirium usually induced by belladonna in the early stage, while on the other hand the belladonna prevented the usual effect of opium on the pupils, and actually produced the opposite action.

7. In the following cases, the active poisons to which the individuals were exposed were so numerous, that it is impossible to say which or how many of them occasioned the symptoms. A colour-maker was superintending a process in which cobalt, arsenic, mercury, sal-ammoniac, and nitric acid were subjected to heat in a mattrass, when the mattrass suddenly gave way, and a dense vapour was instantly discharged. The manufacturer, before he could escape, fell down insensible; and though speedily removed, he died in no long time, affected with enormous swelling of the abdomen. A workman who was also present, escaped by a window; but was nevertheless immediately attacked with swelling of the belly, which speedily became very great, and was attended with pain in the jaws, and dimness of sight. These symptoms were very slowly dissipated under the use of cold bathing and purgatives, which brought away an enormous quantity of fetid gas.[2561]

These are not the only examples of compound poisoning which have come under my attention. But others I have noticed are not detailed with sufficient exactness to make it worth while to quote them. The instances given, however, are sufficient to show that poisons of opposite qualities given about the same time in large doses will disguise one another’s effects, or impede, or perhaps even prevent them, in a manner which renders such a combination of circumstances an important subject of inquiry for the medico-legal toxicologist.

It is probable that the modifying influence is established in one of two ways,—either by one poison producing a state of venous plethora or distension, which impedes, or for a time prevents, the absorption of the other,—or by one poison producing an insensibility of the membrane with which the other is in contact; so that not only the local injury actually done has not the usual remote effect on the constitution, or on distant organs, but likewise is at times substantially less extensive than in ordinary circumstances. These reflexions arise naturally from a review of the preceding cases; but of course further facts are necessary to give them weight.

INDEX.

Absorption, its extreme rapidity, 15

— action of poisons through, 17

— effect of in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 57

Acetatæ of lead, tests of, in its pure state, 398

— — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 423

— — — effects on the animal body. See _Lead_.

Acetates of copper, their tests, 350

— — morphia, its tests, 533

Acid, acetic, its tests in the pure and mixed state, 164

— — effects on man and animals, 165

Acid, arsenious, its chemical properties, 200

— — its taste, 200

— — its solubility in various menstrua, 201

— — its tests when in the solid state, 203

— — its tests when in solution, 206

— — its liquid tests give complete evidence conjunctly, not separately, 209

— — its tests when mixed with organic substances, 215

— — Marsh’s process for, 211, 217

— — Reinsch’s process for, 214, 216

— — process for by hydrosulphuric acid, 217

— — process for by Fresenius and Von Bab, 218

— — fallacies in the process for detecting, 219

— — its effects on the body. See _Arsenic_.

Acid, carbonic. See _Gas_.

— carbazotic, a poison, 610

— citric, not poisonous, 180

Acid, hydrochloric, tests for, in its pure and mixed state, 146

Acid, hydrocyanic, its action on the body, 582

— — rapidity of its action, 582, 590

— — acts in all its chemical combinations, 585

— — acts through every animal tissue, 584, 592

— — enters the blood and communicates its odour, 594

Acid, hydrocyanic, why its odour is not always perceptible in the blood, 594

— — contained in many plants, renders them poisonous, 600

— — its tests when pure, 578

— — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 580

— — symptoms it induces in man, 587

— — may cause instant death, 582, 590

— — morbid appearances caused by it, 593

— — treatment of poisoning with, 596

Acid, meconic, its tests, 532

Acid, nitric, its tests in the pure and mixed state, 142, 143

— — process for stains produced by, 143

Acid, oxalic, its action on the animal body, 173

— — its morbid appearances, 177

— — symptoms caused by it in man, 173

— — its symptoms are occasionally of themselves complete proof of poisoning, 179

— — its tests when pure, 168

— — process for, in organic mixtures, 170

— — treatment of poisoning with, 178

Acid, phosphorous, a feeble poison, 152

— — sulpho-cyanic, not a poison, 587

Acid, sulphuric, its tests in the pure state, 123

— — process for it in the mixed state, 126

— — process for stains occasioned by, 125

— — action on animals, 128

— — morbid appearances, 135

— — the morbid appearances are at times of themselves complete proof of poisoning, 139

Acid, sulphuric, symptoms in man classified, 129

— — the symptoms are at times alone complete proof of poisoning, 135

— — throwing of, to disfigure or disable, is a capital crime, 122

— — treatment of poisoning with, 140

Acid, sulphuric, effects of on the intestines after death, 139

Aconitina, the alkaloid of monkshood, 662

_Aconitum_, poisoning with, 662

Acrid poisons of the vegetable and animal kingdoms, 451

Action of poisons, 9

— — — by absorption, 17

— — — causes which modify the, 27

— — — local, 9

— — — remote, 11

— — — organs acted on by the remote, 22

— — — rapidity of the, 14, 582

— — — through sympathy, 12

— — — applied to the discovery of antidotes, 37

Administration of poison by prisoner, necessity of the proof of, on trials, 72

— — — by prisoner, may be proved by pure medical evidence, 73

_Æthusa_, poisoning with, 662

Aggregation, state of, its effects on the action of poisons, 28

Alcohol, poisoning with, 725

— morbid appearances induced by, 731

— poisoning of with other poisons, 734

— symptoms of poisoning with, in its several degrees, 725

— treatment of poisoning with, 735

Alkalies and Alkaline salts, fixed, 180

— — — — their mode of action, 183

— — — — morbid appearances caused by them, 186

— — — — symptoms caused in man, several varieties of, 183

— — — — tests for, 181

— — — — treatment of poisoning with, 187

Alkaline sulphurets. See _Sulphurets_.

Almond. See _Bitter-Almond_.

Alum, effects of on man and animals, 509

Ammonia and its salts, tests of, 193

— — — — their effects on man and animals, 193

Ammoniacal gas, effects of, on man, 194

Amygdalus. See _Bitter Almond_.

Anemone, its effects as a poison, 463

Angustura bark, false, its effects on man and animals, 692

Animal acrids, general observations on their effects, 470

Animal matter poisoned by disease, 487

— — poisonous from ordinary putrefaction, 490

— — poisonous from modified putrefaction, 492

Animals, evidence of poisoning from experiments on, 62

Animals, effects of suspected articles of food on, 63

— effects of suspected matters of vomiting or contents of stomach on, 67

— experiments on, may illustrate physiological points disputed on trials, 71

— various effects of poisons on different, 63

Antidotes, by what principles the search for them must be regulated, 37

Antimony, tests for its compounds, 367

— tartrate of. See _Tartar-emetic_.

Apoplexy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from symptoms, 511

— distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from morbid appearances, 514

— congestive appearances of, 517

— from extravasation, 517

— serous, 517

— simple, 515

Arseniate of potass, its tests, 224

Arsenic, tests for its compounds, 198

— action of, illustrated by experiments on animals, 227

— acts through all the animal tissues, 229

— acts in all its chemical forms, except in the metallic state, 230

— action of, is a little impaired by the effects of mixture—not by habit, 233

— acts when applied to ulcers and eruptions, 251

— acts when applied to the sound skin, 257

— acts when introduced into the rectum, 253

— acts when thrust into the vagina, 254

— acts powerfully when inhaled, 254

— does it exist in the blood of those poisoned with it?, 228

Arsenic, dose required to cause death, 232

— morbid appearances caused by it, 262

— morbid appearances sometimes not caused by it at all, 262

— morbid appearances caused by it after death, 282

— does it prevent the bodies of those poisoned with it from putrefying?, 273 273

— symptoms it causes in man classified according to three varieties, 234

— symptoms of, at times supply alone complete evidence of poisoning, 259

Arsenic, symptoms of, occasionally very trifling, even where fatal, 286

— symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, 234

— symptoms of, how soon may they kill?, 239

— symptoms of, how long may they last?, 248

— treatment of poisoning with, 283

— treatment of, no antidotes known, 285

— changes it undergoes in the stomach after death, 268

— metallic, not a poison, 230

— oxide of. See _Acid, arsenious_.

— sulphurets of. See _Sulphurets_.

Arsenite of copper, its tests, 223

— — — seldom contained in mineral green, 223, 346

— of potass, its tests, 223

Arseniuretted-hydrogen, 227

— — its effects, 256

_Arum maculatum_, poisoning with, 465

_Asagræa officinalis_, 672

_Atropa_, poisoning with, 639

— symptoms induced by it in man, 640

— morbid appearances caused by it, 643

Atropia, alkaloid of belladonna, 639

Bacon, poisonous at times, 497

Baryta, poisoning with its compounds, 446

— muriate of, tests for, 446

— — — and carbonate, their effects on man and animals, 448

— morbid appearances caused by, 450

— treatment of poisoning with, 450

Bee, its poisonous sting, 487

Belladonna. See _Atropa_.

Bichloride of mercury. See _Corrosive Sublimate_.

Bicyanide of mercury, 303

Biliary ducts, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, 97

Bilious vomiting, imitates irritant poisoning, 100

Bismuth, poisoning with its compounds, 383

Bitartrate of potash, a poison in large doses, 507

Bitter-almond, its poisonous effects, 602

— may cause death, 603

— essential oil of, its effects as a poison, 604

— essential oil of, its composition, 601

— essential oil of, its formation, 602

Bitter-apple, poisoning with, 460

Bitter cassava, poisoning with, 457

Bitter-sweet, a feeble poison, 576

Blood, discovery of poisons in the, 21

Boiling water, effects of, when swallowed, 505

— — causes cynanche laryngea, 506

_Bombyx processionaria_, its poisonous effects, 477

Brain, inflammation of its membranes, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 523

— inflammation of its substance, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 524

— hypertrophy of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 526

Bread, adulteration of, with the sulphate of copper, 354

— effects of spoiled, 720

Bromine, tests for, 161

— its effects on animals, 162

_Brucea antidysenterica_, not the False Angustura tree, 692

Brucia, alkaloid of false angustura bark, 692

Bryony-root, effects of, on man and animals, 459

Calomel, its tests, 292

— can it be considered an irritant poison?, 332

_Calthapalustris_, its effects as a poison, 463

Camphor, its effects on animals, 694

— morbid appearances caused by, 696

— symptoms excited by, in man, 694

Cantharides, physical characters of, 471

— action of, on animals, 471

— morbid appearances caused by, 476

— symptoms it excites in man, 472

— treatment of poisoning with, 476

Carbonate of ammonia, 193

— of baryta, tests of, 446

— of lead, tests of, 398

— of lead is formed on lead by the action of air and water,—and see _Lead_, 399

Carbonates of potass and soda, tests of, 181

Carbonic acid. See _Gas_.

Carbonic oxide gas, effects of, on man, 624

Carburetted-hydrogen gas, its effects on man, 622

Cassada, bitter, its effects, 457

Castor-oil-seeds, effects of, on man and animals, 456

Cerasus Lauro-cerasus. See _Cherry-laurel_.

Cevadilla, a poison, 672

Cheese, occasionally poisonous without intentional adulteration, 494

Chemical analysis, evidence of general poisoning from, 54

— — may be rendered unavailing by vomiting and purging, 55

— — may be rendered useless by absorption, 57

— — may be fruitless, because the poison has been decomposed, 58

— — is often successful after long interment, 58

Chemical combination, its influence in modifying the operation of poisons, 28

Chemical decomposition, its effects in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 58

Chemical evidence not always indispensable to the proof of poisoning, 59

Cherry-laurel water, a deadly poison, 605

— essential oil of, is the same as the oil of bitter-almond, 605

— effects of the distilled water and oil on animals and man, 605, 606

Chlorine, its effects on man and animals, 152, 616

Chloride of barium, 446

— of iron, poisoning with, 392

Chlorides of soda, potassa and lime, their action as poisons, 191

Cholera imitates irritant poisons, and how to be distinguished, 100

— its shortest duration, 101

— supposed to have been caused by emanations from a cess-pool, 621

— impairs the activity of some poisons, 35

— malignant, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 102

Chrome, poisoning with the compounds of, 385

_Cicuta_, its effects on man and animals, 662

Cinnabar, its tests, 290

Citric acid, not a poison, 180

Classification of poisons, 90

Cluster-cherry, its distilled water and essential oil are active poisons, 608

Cocculus indicus, its effects on man and animals, 696

_Colchicum autumnale_, effects of, on man, 674

Colchina, alkaloid of colchicum, 674

Cold water, death from drinking it, imitating irritant poisoning, 98

Colic, how it is distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109

Colica pictonum, causes of, 426, 431, 437

— — trades which are subject to suffer, 436

Colica pictonum, precautions for preventing it in workmen, 443

Colocynth, effects of, on man and animals, 460

Common salt, a poison in very large doses, 508

Compound poisoning, 740

Conduct of prisoner, illustrated by medical evidence, may prove his guilt, 73

Conia, alkaloid of hemlock, 653

_Conium_, effects of, on man and animals, 654

Copper, poisoning with, 345

— action of its compounds, 358

— adulteration of bread with, 354

— corrosion of, by articles of food and drink, 350, 353

— corroded by saline solutions, 350

— corroded by wine and vegetable acids, 352

— corroded by fatty matters, 352

— metallic, not poisonous, 360

— morbid appearances caused by, 364

— process for detecting its salts when pure, 346

— process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 355

— sulphuret not poisonous, unless long exposed to the air, 361

— symptoms of poisoning with in man, 361

— treatment of poisoning with, 365

— contained in most vegetable substances, 355

— is it contained in the blood of animals poisoned with it?, 360

_Coriaria myrtifolia_, poisoning with, 698

Corrosion caused by poisons, examples of, 9

Corrosive sublimate, action on animals. See _Mercury_.

— — action on dead intestine, 341

— — chemical properties of, 291

— — is decomposed by organic principles, 297

— — process for, in the solid state, 292

— — process by reduction when it is dissolved, 292

— — process by liquid tests when it is dissolved, 293

— — process for it in organic mixtures, 296

— — additional tests for it in the pure state, 294

— — symptoms caused by it in man. See _Mercury_.

Cream of tartar, a poison in large doses, 507

Creasote, a poison, 739

Croton-oil and seed, effects of, 459

Cuckow-pint, poisoning with, 465

Cupping-glasses, in the treatment of external poisoning, 38

Cyanide of mercury, tests for, 303

— its effects on man, 332

Cyanogen gas, its effects on animals, 636

Cyanous acid, a feeble poison, 587

_Cytisus Laburnum_, its poisonous effects, 723

Daffodil, its effects as a poison, 467

_Daphne_, effects of its different species on man and animals, 465

Darnel-grass, its effects on man, 721

_Datura_, poisoning with, 644

Daturia, alkaloid of thorn-apple, 645

Dead-tongue, poisoning with, 658

Death-bed, evidence in cases of poisoning, its importance, and hints for collecting it, 84

Delirium tremens, impair the activity of some poisons, 35

— — the effect of alcohol, 731

Delphinia, alkaloid of stavesacre, 464

_Delphinium_, poisoning with, 464

Digestion of poisons, tends to remove them beyond the reach of analysis, 58

_Digitalis_, poisoning with, 678

Dippel’s oil, a poison, 737

Diseases, their influence on the operation of poisons, 35

Distension of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 95

Dysentery impairs the activity of opium as a poison, 35

Eels sometimes poisonous, 484

Elaterium and elaterin, their poisonous properties, 461

Emeta, its poisonous properties, 682

Empyreumatic oils are active poisons, 737

Epilepsy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning from the symptoms, 519

— distinction of, from narcotic poisoning by morbid appearances, 521

Epsom salt, a poison in large doses, 506

Ergot. See _Spurred rye_.

_Ervum Ervilia_ is a poison, 722

Ether, effects of, on man and animals, 736

Euphorbium, its effects on man and animals, 454

Evidence of poisoning. See _Symptoms. Morbid Appearances. Chemical Evidence. Animals._

— of general poisoning from symptoms, 43

— — — — from morbid appearances, 51

— — — — from chemical analysis, 54

Evidence of general poisoning from experiments on animals, 62

— — — — from moral circumstances, 71

Evidence, medical, of the administration in charges of poisoning, 72

— — may prove the prisoner’s intent, 78

— — on death-bed, 83

Fainting, mortal, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, 527

Feigned poisoning, 86

Ferro-cyanate of potass not poisonous, 586

Fever impairs the activity of some poisons, 35

Fish-poison, 477

Fly-powder, tests for, 199

Fool’s parsley, effects on man and animals, 661

Foxglove, its effects on man and animals, 678

Fowler’s solution, tests of, 223

Fungi, list of the wholesome, 700

— list of the deleterious, 701

— circumstances which modify their qualities, 702

— rules for knowing poisonous, 703

— active principles of, 704

— symptoms of poisoning with, 704

— morbid appearances caused by, 708

— treatment of poisoning with, 709

— poisoning of wholesome kinds with other poisons, 709

Gamboge, poisoning with, 466

Gas, carbonic acid, morbid appearances caused by, 632

— — — is poisonous positively, not negatively, 614, 624

— — — symptoms caused by, when pure, 625

— — — symptoms it causes when diluted with air, 625

— — — symptoms, when from burning charcoal, 626

— — — symptoms, when from burning coal, 631

— — — symptoms, when from burning tallow, 630

— — — symptoms when formed by respiration, 632

— — — treatment of poisoning with, 634

Gas, carbonic oxide, its effects on man, 634

— carbureted-hydrogen, effects on man, 622

— coal and oil, effects on man, 622

— chlorine, its effects on man, 616

— cyanogen, its effects on animals and plants, 636

— hydrosulphuric acid, effects when injected into the veins, 613

— — — effects when breathed by man, 618

— — — effects on vegetables, 618

Gas, hydrosulphuric acid, morbid appearances caused by, 619

— — — proves fatal though applied to the skin only, 614, 617

— muriatic acid, very poisonous to plants, 617

— nitric oxide and nitrous acid, effects when injected into the veins, 614

— nitrous acid, effects on man, 615

— nitrous oxide, its effects on man and plants, 635

— oxygen, a positive poison, 636

— sulphurous acid, extremely poisonous to plants, 631

Gases, poisonous, medico-legal importance of, 611

— which of them are negatively, and which positively poisonous, 612

Gastritis. See _Stomach_.

General poisoning, evidence of, 39 and see _Evidence_.

Glass-powder, is it a poison?, 503

Gold, poisoning with its compounds, 383

Goulard’s extract, tests for, 399

Grain, sometimes poisonous, 710

— unripe, its supposed effects on man, 719

Green vitriol. See _Sulphate of Iron_.

Gullet, perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 108, 119

Habit, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, 34

Hæmatemesis, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109

Heart, organic diseases of, may imitate narcotic poisoning, 528

Hellebore, effects of its different species on man and animals, 672

Hellebore, white. See _Veratrum_.

Hemlock, its effects on man and animals, 653

— dropwort, its effects as a poison, 660

Henbane. See _Hyoscyamus_.

_Hippomane Mancinella_, its poisonous effects, 458

Hot liquids cause symptoms of irritant poisoning, 505

Hydrochlorate of ammonia. See _Ammonia_. Also, 193

Hydrochlorates. See _Muriates_.

Hydrochloric acid. See _Acids_.

Hydrocyanic acid. See _Acid_.

Hyoscyamus, its effects on man and animals, 573

Hydrophobia impairs the activity of some poisons, 35

Hypertrophy of brain. See _Brain_.

Hysteria lessens the effect of opium, 35

Idiosyncrasy, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, 32

— sometimes renders wholesome articles deleterious to individuals, 33, 68

Iliac passion imitates irritant poisoning, 109

Imaginary poisoning, 85

Imputed poisoning, 88

Inflammation of brain. See _Brain_.

— of intestine. See _Intestines_.

— of stomach. See _Stomach_.

Insects, poisonous, 486

Intent in the administration of poison may be sometimes proved by medical evidence, 78

Interment for years may not prevent the detection of poisons, 58

Intestines, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 99

— obstruction of, may imitate irritant poisoning, 109

— perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 108, 119

Iodide of potassium, effects, 157

— — — tests of, 158

Iodine, its effects on man and animals, 154

— its tests in the pure and mixed state, 152

Ipecacuan, poisoning with, 682

Ipomæa Purga, a poison, 467

Iron, poisoning with the salts of, 391

Irritant poisons, general observations on, 92

— — distribution of into orders, 121

— — morbid appearances of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, 110

— — symptoms of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, 93

Irritation, examples of, caused by poisons, 9

Jalap, its effects as a poison, 467

_Jatropha_, its effects on man and animals, 457

_Juniperus Sabina_, its poisonous effects, 468

King’s yellow, its tests and composition, 225

Laburnum seeds poisonous, 723

_Lacluca_, poisoning with, 575

_Lathyrus Cicera_ is a poison, 722

Lead, tests for its compounds, 396

— action of air and water on, 399

— adulteration of wines with, 420

— adulteration of spirits with, 422

— adulteration of a mechanical nature, 422

— corrosion of, by distilled water, 401

— corrosion of, by water prevented by salts in solution, 403

— corrosion of, prevented by excessively minute proportions of some salts, 403

— corrosion of, by natural waters, 406

— corrosion of, by rain and snow-water, 406

Lead, corrosion of, by spring waters, how prevented, 414

— corrosion of, not caused by some spring waters, 408

— dissolved by many acidulous fluids, 415

— dissolved by these fluids much more rapidly if it is oxidated, 419

— metallic, is not poisonous, 427

— mode of action on the animal body, 424

— does it exist in the blood or organs of animals poisoned with it?, 426

— morbid appearances caused by, 439

— process for detecting its compounds, 396

— process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 422

— sulphuret of, not poisonous, 427

— symptoms caused by, in man, classified according to two varieties, 429

— symptoms caused by, as an irritant, 429

— symptoms of, constituting the disease colica pictonum, 431

— tradesmen who are subject to suffer from poisoning with, 436

Lead, treatment of poisoning with, 441

Lead glazing is rapidly acted on by acidulous fluids in some circumstances, not in others, 419

Lettuce-opium, effect of, on animals, 575

Lime, poisoning with, 192

Liver of sulphur. See _Sulphurets_.

Litharge, tests for, 396

Lividity is no evidence of poisoning, 51

Local action of poisons, 9

_Lolium temulentum_, its effects on man, 721

Maize, spurred, 718

Manchineel, its effects on man and animals, 458

Mania impairs the activity of some poisons, 35

Marsh marigold, its effects on man and animals, 464

Meadow-saffron, its effects on man, 674

Mechanical irritants produce the same effects as irritant poisons, 501

Meconic acid, its tests, 53

— — is not poisonous, 562

_Meloe proscarabæus_, its poisonous effects, 477

Melanosis of stomach imitates the effects of irritant poisons, 112

Melæna, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109

Meningitis, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 523

_Menispermum Cocculus_, poisoning with, 696

Mercurial salivation in cases of poisoning, when does it begin?, 314

Mercurial salivation, phenomena of, 316

— — can it be confounded with any other disorder?, 319

— — may it return after a long intermission?, 322

— — its duration, 322

— — in what modes it may prove fatal, 324

Mercurial tremor, 324

Mercury, action of its soluble compounds on the animal body, 303

— acts through all animal tissues, 327

— acts in all soluble chemical compounds, 329

— acts not, when in the metallic state, 330

— acts not, in the form of sulphuret, 331

— acts not, when its soluble compounds are decomposed by organic principles, 336

— existence in the blood of those who have taken it is extremely probable, 306

— morbid appearances caused by, 337

Mercury, processes for its compounds when pure, 289

— process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 299

— symptoms of poisoning with, classified according to three varieties, 310

— symptoms of corrosive poisoning with, their longest duration, 312

— symptoms of, their shortest duration in fatal cases, 313

— symptoms of, sometimes furnish of themselves decisive evidence of poisoning, 337

— treatment of poisoning with an antidote, 342

Metals, not poisonous unless oxidated, 230, 329, 360, 427

Mezereon, its effects on man and animals, 465

Milk at times poisonous without intentional adulteration, 496

Mineral-green, tests of, 347

— See _Arsenite of Copper_.

Mixture, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, 29

_Momordica Elaterium_, its poisonous properties, 461

Monkshood, its effects on man and animals, 662

Moral evidence of poisoning, 71

Morbid appearances, evidence of general poisoning from, 51

— — sometimes supply alone full proof of poisoning, 139

Morphia, its tests, 532

— its effects on man and animals, 557

Mosses, poisonous, 710

Mountain-ash is poisonous, as containing hydrocyanic acid, 609

Muriate of baryta. See _Baryta_.

Muriate of morphia, its tests, 533

Muriate of mercury. See _Calomel_—_Corrosive Sublimate_.

Muriate of soda, a poison in large quantity, 508

Muriatic acid, 146

Muriatic acid gas, 617

Muscles are occasionally poisonous, 479

— causes why they become poisonous, 481

— copper cannot account for their effects, 481

— decay, does it render them poisonous?, 481

— disease, will this explain their effects?, 482

— idiosyncrasy sometimes makes them poisonous, 482

— insects of a poisonous nature entering their shell, will this explain their effects?, 483

Muscles, principle of a poisonous nature not yet discovered in them, 482

— symptoms and morbid appearances caused by the poisonous, 479

Mushrooms. See _Fungi_.

_Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus_, a poison, 467

Narcotico-acrid poisons, general remarks on, 637

Narcotic poisoning, its symptoms and morbid appearances, contrasted with those of natural disease, 510

Narcotics, their active principles, 529

Narcotine, its tests, 534

— its effects on animals, 560

Nervous local impressions, examples of, caused by poisons, 10

_Nicotiana Tabacum._ See _Tobacco_.

Nicotianin, poisonous principle of tobacco, 647

Nightshade. See _Solanum_—_Atropa_.

Nitrates of mercury, their tests, 303

Nitre, its tests, 187

— its action and symptoms in man, 188

— morbid appearances caused by, 191

Nitric acid. See _Acids, Mineral_.

Nitric oxide gas, its effects on animals, 614

Nitrous acid vapour, its effects on man, 615

Nitrous oxide gas, its effects on man, 635

Nux-vomica, action of, on animals, 688

— morbid appearances caused by, 689

— symptoms it excites in man, 686

Nux-vomica, symptoms of, sometimes alone are complete evidence of poisoning, 690

— its tests, 686

— treatment, 690

_Œnanthe_, poisoning with, 653

Oil of Dippel, 737

Oil of tar, 738

Oil of turpentine, 738

Oils, empyreumatic, are poisonous, 737

Opium, frequently used for the purpose of poisoning, 530

— action of, illustrated by experiments, 539

— acts as a poison through every animal tissue, even the skin, 556

— chemical history of, 530

— chemical analysis cannot detect it in the blood, 541

— morbid appearances caused by, 562

— process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 534

— may cause death and not be discoverable in the stomach why?, 537

Opium, symptoms of, in man, 539

— symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, 543

Opium, ordinary, shortest, and longest duration of fatal poisoning with, 547

— smallest fatal dose of, in adults, 549

— fatal dose in infants extremely small, 549

— principles contained in, 531

— tests for the principles of, when pure, 532

— treatment of poisoning with, 566

Opium-eaters, are they short lived?, 551

Orpiment, 224, 230

Osmium, 395

Oxygen, a poison, 636

Oysters, sometimes poisonous, 483

Peach flowers may cause fatal poisoning, 608

Pepper, a poison in very large doses, 506

Perforation. See _Stomach_—_Intestines_—_Gullet_.

Peritonæum, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 105

Phosphorus, its effects on man and animals, 149

Phosphorous acid, a feeble poison, 152

Picrotoxin, active principle of Cocculus Indicus, 696

Pretended poisoning, 85

Protochloride of Mercury, See _Calomel_.

_Prunus Lauro-cerasus._ See _Cherry-Laurel_.

_Prunus Padus._ See _Cluster-Cherry_.

Prussiate. See _Ferro-cyanate_.

Prussic acid. See _Hydrocyanic_.

Putrefaction of the body, not a proof of poisoning when premature, 51

— does not always prevent the detection of poisons, 59

— does arsenic preserve the body from?, 273

Putrefied animal matter, its effects as a poison on man and animals, 492

Quantity or dose, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, 27

_Ramollissement._ See _Brain_.

Ranunculaceæ, their effects on man and animals, 462, 662

Ranunculus, its poisonous effects, 462

Realgar, its tests, 224

Remote action of poisons, through what channel is it carried on?, 12

Red-lead, tests for, 397

Red precipitate, tests for, 290

Redness of Stomach. See _Stomach_.

Ricinus. See _Castor oil_.

Rue, poisoning with, 681

Rupture of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 97

Rupture of duodenum, death from, how distinguished from irritant poitant poisoning, 97

Rupture of biliary ducts, 97

— of uterus, 98

Rust of wheat is not poisonous, 719

Rye. See _Spurred rye_.

Sal-ammoniac, its tests, 193

— its action on animals, 196

Salivation may be caused by various poisons, 319

— may be caused by ulcerated sore throat, 319

— sometimes an idiopathic disease, 319

— sometimes arises from the influence of the imagination, 321

Salivation, mercurial. See _Mercurial_.

Salmon, pickled or kippered, sometimes injurious, 499

Salt, common, a poison in very large quantity, 508

Savin, its effects on man and animals, 468

Sausages, occasionally poisonous, 492

_Scilla maritima_, effects on man and animals, 671

_Secale cornutum._ See _Spur_.

Secret poisoning, 39, 249

Serpents, venomous, 484

Silver, poisoning with its compounds, 380

Simultaneous illness of several persons, important proof of general poisoning, 80

Skin, poisons act slowly or not at all through the sound, 30

Skin, poisons act through it sometimes when long applied or rubbed in, or in the gaseous state, 257, 328, 435, 556, 614, 618, 625

Snakes, venomous, 484

_Solanum_, effects of its species on man and animals, 576

_Sorbus aucuparia._ See _Mountain-ash_.

Spinal cord, diseases of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 527

Spirituous liquors. See _Alcohol_.

Sprats smoked, sometimes poisonous, 499

Spur, what kinds of grain are attacked by, 711

Spurred maize, 718

Spurred rye, its causes, 711

— chemical analysis of, 713

— effects on man and animals, 714

— miscarriage supposed to be induced by, 717

Squill, poisoning with, 670

Stavesacre, its effects on man and animals, 464

St. Ignatius’ bean, effects of, on man and animals, 691

Stomach, distension of, death from, contrasted with irritant poisoning, 95

— fibrinous and mucous effusion in, imitates the effects of irritant poisoning, 113

— gelatinization of, a cause of perforation, 107

— inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 102

— inflammation of, is it in its acute state ever a natural disease?, 102

— partial laceration of, contrasted with irritant poisoning, 97

— redness of, from natural causes, imitates the effects of irritant poisons, 110

— rupture of, contrasted with the effects of irritant poisons, 96

— spontaneous perforation of, distinguished from irritant poisoning, 105

— spontaneous perforation of, its symptoms and varieties, 105

— spontaneous perforation of, its morbid appearances, nature and causes, 113

— ulceration of, how distinguished from the effects of irritant poisons, 113

Stomach-pump, discovery of, 567

Stramonium, its effects on man and animals, 645

Strontia, its salts not poisonous, 451

Strychnia, alkaloid of the _Strychni_, effects of, on animals, 683

_Strychnos_, which of its species are poisonous, 683

Sugar of Lead. See _Acetate_.

Sulphate of copper, tests for, 348

— — — adulteration of bread with, 354

— — iron occasionally poisonous, 392

— — magnesia, poisonous in very large doses, 506

— — mercury, its tests, 290

— — potash, poisonous in large doses, 507

— — zinc, tests of when pure, 386

— — — effects on animals, 387

— — — effects on man, 388

— — — morbid appearances by, 391

— — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 386

Sulpho-cyanic acid a feeble poison, 586

Sulphur, its effects on man and animals, 152

Sulphurets of the alkalis, effects on man, morbid appearances, and treatment of poisoning with, 196

Sulphurets of antimony, tests of, 367

— — arsenic, tests of, 224

— — arsenic, its effects as a poison, 230

Sulphuret of copper, not poisonous unless long exposed to the air, 360

— — lead not poisonous, 428

— — mercury its tests, 290

— — mercury, not poisonous, 331

Sulphuretted hydrogen. See _Gas_.

Sulphuric acid. See _Acids, Mineral_.

Sympathetic effects of poisons, 12

Symptoms of poisoning, evidence from, 42

— — — general character of, contrasted with those of the symptoms of natural disease, 42, 46

— — — suddenness of the invasion of, 43, 46

— — — commence after a meal, 45, 47

— — — commence during health, 49

— — — regularity of their increase, 44, 47

— — — uniformity of their nature, 45, 47

— — — may sometimes of themselves be complete evidence of poisoning, 179, 259, 337, 691

Syncopal asphyxia, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 527

Tartar-emetic, action of, on animals, 371

— action on the skin, 375

— morbid appearances caused by, 376

— process for detecting it in a pure solution, 368

— process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 369

— symptoms excited in man by, 372

— sometimes not poisonous in large doses, 373

Tartar-emetic, treatment of poisoning with, 377

Tartaric acid, not a poison, 180

Tetanus lessens the activity of some poisons, 35

Thorn-apple effects on man and animals, 645

Ticunas, an American poison, 693

Tin, poisoning with its compounds, 378

Tissues, influence of different, in modifying the action of poisons, 30

Tobacco, effects on man and animals, 649

— effects of, by the way of injection, 650

— not injurious to workmen who manufacture it, 652

Toffana, alleged effects of the _Aqua Toffana_, 249

_Trachinus_ has poisonous spines, 478

_Tremblement metallique_, its nature and causes, 325

Treatment of poisoning, general inferences as to, drawn from the physiological action of poisons, 36

Turbith-mineral, its tests, 290

Unripe grain, its supposed deleterious effects, 719

Upas antiar, 698

— tieuté, 691

Uterus, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, 97

Vegetable acrids, general remarks on their effects, 451

Venomous insects, 486

Venomous serpents, 484

Veratria, alkaloid of _veratrum_, 673

_Veratrum_, poisoning with the different species of, 672

Verdigris, artificial, tests of, 349

Verdigris, natural, tests of, 348

Verditer, tests of, 347

Vermilion, tests of, 290

Vitriol, blue. See _Sulphate of Copper_.

Vomiting, effects of, in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 55

Wasp, its poisonous effects, 480

Water-hemlock, effects of, on man and animals, 658

Weever, poisonous spines of, 478

Wheat, rust of, is hardly poisonous,

White-lead, tests for, 397

White vitriol. See _Sulphate of Zinc_.

White precipitate, 332

Worms perforating the intestines may imitate irritant poisoning, 108

— producing epilepsy may imitate narcotic poisoning, 521

Woorara, an American poison, 693

Yew, poisoning with, 699

Zinc, poisoning with its compounds, 386

— sulphate of. See _Sulphate_.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.

1. Small funnel-shaped tube for testing minute portions of liquids.

2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain acids, one-seventh the natural size.

3. Tube for reducing very small portions of arsenic or mercury. The figure is of half the natural size. The ball may be blown larger, if the material to be reduced is bulky.

4. A small glass funnel for introducing the material into the tube Fig. 1, without soiling its inside.

5. The ordinary apparatus for disengaging sulphuretted-hydrogen. The funnel must be a little longer than the emerging tube. The fluid should not be at any time much higher than in the figure, in order to secure the operator against its effervescing up into the emerging tube. The figure is a fourth of the natural size.

6. Instrument for washing down scanty precipitates on filters. It is a thin bottle capable of standing heat—half-filled with water, which may be boiled on occasion,—and having its cork pierced with a small tube drawn at its outer end to a very fine bore. The breath is impelled into the bottle, and, the bottle being then reversed, a very fine stream issues with great force.

7. Tubes of natural size for collecting small portions of mercury by the process, p. 300.

8. Pipette, one-fourth the natural size, for removing by suction fluids lying over precipitates. Some have a rectangular bend in the upper part, by means of which the operator sees better the point of the instrument when in action; but such pipettes are difficult to clean. That represented in the figure is easily cleaned with a feather.

9. Apparatus for reducing the sulphurets of some metals by a stream of hydrogen. A, the vessel with zinc and diluted sulphuric acid, the latter of which may be renewed by the funnel B. C, a ball on the emerging tube to prevent the liquid thrown up by the effervescence from passing forward. D, E, corks by which C and G are fitted into F, the tube which contains the sulphuret at F. G, the exit-tube for the sulphuretted-hydrogen, plying into a vessel containing acetate of lead. When the hydrogen has passed long enough to expel all the air, the spirit-lamp flame is applied at F; and when sulphuretted-hydrogen is formed, the lead solution is blackened. The figure is one-third the size of the apparatus.

For Description of Figures 10 and 11, see p. 212.

Footnote 1:

Orfila and Ollivier, Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 360.

Footnote 2:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 186.

Footnote 3:

Experiments on Opium, 1795, reprinted in his Treatise on Fevers, iv. 697.

Footnote 4:

Essay on the Operation of poisonous agents on the living body, 1829, p. 63.

Footnote 5:

Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 311.

Footnote 6:

Researches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 1819, p. 179.

Footnote 7:

Experimental Inquiry on poisoning with oxalic acid. By Dr. Coindet and myself.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_.

Footnote 8:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 184.

Footnote 9:

Annales de Chimie et de Physique, vi. 349.

Footnote 10:

Report of the Trial of Freeman for the murder of Judith Buswell, London Medical Gazette, viii. 796–8.

Footnote 11:

See subsequently the chapter on Hydrocyanic acid.

Footnote 12:

Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, p. 18.

Footnote 13:

Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 54.

Footnote 14:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 182.

Footnote 15:

Trans. Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. 393.

Footnote 16:

Zeitschrift für die Physiologie, iii. i. 81.

Footnote 17:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35, and lvi. 412.

Footnote 18:

Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192.

Footnote 19:

Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. liii. 46.

Footnote 20:

Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. xix. 335.

Footnote 21:

Bull. de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 426, _et passim_.

Footnote 22:

Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 334.

Footnote 23:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 198; and Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192.

Footnote 24:

Sur le Mechanisme de l’Absorption, 1809; republished, in Journ. de Physiol. i. 26.

Footnote 25:

Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 180.

Footnote 26:

Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 515.

Footnote 27:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 173.

Footnote 28:

Diss. Inaug. de Venenatis acidi Borussici effectibus. Tubingæ, 1805.

Footnote 29:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 45.

Footnote 30:

Journal des Progrès des Sciences Méd. 1827, iii. 121.

Footnote 31:

Essay on the Operation of Poisonous Agents on the Living Body.

Footnote 32:

Essay, &c. pp. 75, 76.

Footnote 33:

Essay, &c. pp. 69, 71.

Footnote 34:

Ibidem, pp. 81, 87.

Footnote 35:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35.

Footnote 36:

Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 412.

Footnote 37:

Philosophical Transactions, 1841, p. 186. When death begins with any other organ but the heart, the heart remains irritable for some time after, and contains black blood in all its cavities.

Footnote 38:

Ib. p. 196.

Footnote 39:

Diss. Inaug. de Venenis Mineralibus. Edinburgi, 1813.

Footnote 40:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_.

Footnote 41:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330; liv. 339; lvi. 104. The Hæmadynamometer is an instrument invented by M. Poiseulle, which, when communicating with the interior of a blood-vessel, indicates the force of the circulation by the pressure of the blood on a column of mercury.

Footnote 42:

Mémoire sur l’Emétique—Bulletins de la Société Philomatique, 1812–13, p. 361.

Footnote 43:

Orfila, Toxicologie Générale, i. 258.

Footnote 44:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 104, and other papers there quoted above.

Footnote 45:

Ibid. liv. 121.

Footnote 46:

Ibid. li. 344.

Footnote 47:

Emmert, Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, i. l. 180. See also the Article False Angustura.

Footnote 48:

Transactions of the Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii.

Footnote 49:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330, liv. 339, lvi. 104.

Footnote 50:

Archives Gén. de Med. Nov. 1839, and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 106.

Footnote 51:

Ibidem, lvi. 123 and 422.

Footnote 52:

Ibid. xix. 326, 327.

Footnote 53:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 278.

Footnote 54:

London Med. Gazette, xiv. 63.

Footnote 55:

Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 140.

Footnote 56:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 330.

Footnote 57:

Journal de Physiologie, iv. 285.

Footnote 58:

Giornale di Fisica, ix. 458.

Footnote 59:

These views regarding the decomposition of poisons, were suggested to me in 1823 by my friend Dr. Coindet, Junior, of Geneva.

Footnote 60:

It is not any part of the object of this work to enter into the history of toxicology, more especially in early times. But it may be well here to state, that the claim which has been made by some for Dr. Barry, of having discovered this mode of treatment, is groundless. It is distinctly laid down by Nicander, Celsus, Dioscarides, Galen, and others who lived in their times; and among the moderns who have mentioned it, Gräter, in 1767, notices it in his thesis, “de venenis in genere,” printed at Frankfort. On the ancient history of toxicology the reader will find an excellent summary by Mr. Adams in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxiii. 315, and a full exposition in Professor Marx’s elaborate work, “die Lehre von den Giften.”

Footnote 61:

Archives Générales de Médecine, Nov. 1826.

Footnote 62:

Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iii. 121.

Footnote 63:

See the Chapter on Arsenic for some remarks on this subject.—Also Beckman’s History of Inventions.

Footnote 64:

See subsequently the cases of the Crown Prince of Sweden, in the first section of the present chapter, and that of General Hoche, Part II. Chap. ii. Sect. 2.

Footnote 65:

I allude to the case of Castaing. See Opium.

Footnote 66:

Feuerbach. Actenmässige Darstellung Merkwürdiger Verbrechen, i. 1. For some observations on the three fatal cases, see the Chapter on Arsenic, under the head of the effects of that poison as an antiseptic.

Footnote 67:

See an opinion of the Berlin College in Pyl’s Repertorium für die gerichtliche Arzneikunde, i. 244.

Footnote 68:

Orfila. Médecine-Légale, ii. 360. Henke. Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, 448. Tortosa. Istituzioni di Medicina Forense, ii. 86. Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 419.

Footnote 69:

Hume on Crimes, i. 178.

Footnote 70:

Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.

Footnote 71:

Hünefeld in Horn’s Archiv, 1827, i. 203.

Footnote 72:

Weiss in Revue Médicale, Janv. 1826.

Footnote 73:

See subsequently the Chapter on Arsenic, Section ii.

Footnote 74:

Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17; also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273.

Footnote 75:

See Oxalic Acid and Nux Vomica.

Footnote 76:

Rossi. Ueber die Art und Ursache des Todes des hochseligen Kronprinzen von Schweden. Berlin, 1812.

Footnote 77:

Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 309.

Footnote 78:

Alberti, Systema Jurispr. Medic, i. c. 13. § 4.

Footnote 79:

See Arsenic—Morbid appearances.

Footnote 80:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xiv. 104.

Footnote 81:

Journal de Médecine, xxix. 107.

Footnote 82:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 103.

Footnote 83:

Wildberg. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 227.

Footnote 84:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, &c. ii. 122.

Footnote 85:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xviii. 171.

Footnote 86:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 158.

Footnote 87:

Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, p. 754.

Footnote 88:

Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 303.

Footnote 89:

New York Medical and Philosophical Journal, iii. No. 1.

Footnote 90:

De Veneficio caute dijudicando in Schlegel’s Collectio opusculorum, &c. iv. 22.

Footnote 91:

Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 291, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvii. 457, and xxix. 26.

Footnote 92:

Archives Générales de Médecine, ii. 58.

Footnote 93:

Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, 130.

Footnote 94:

Ueber die gerichtlich-medizinische Beurtheilung der Vergiftungen. Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 159.

Footnote 95:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, iii. 24.

Footnote 96:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, viii. 92.

Footnote 97:

Morning Chronicle, Jan. 8, 1823.

Footnote 98:

Journal Universel des Sciences Médicales, xix. 340.

Footnote 99:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 451.

Footnote 100:

Bachmann. Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische Abhandlungen, von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 21.

Footnote 101:

Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 469.

Footnote 102:

Orfila, in Journ. de Chim. Med. 1842, p. 77.

Footnote 103:

Probably black extravasation.

Footnote 104:

Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. ii. 429, from Hitzig’s Zeitschrift für die Criminal-Rechts-Pflege, I. i. 1.

Footnote 105:

Charret, in Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 514.

Footnote 106:

As a specimen of the vague, desultory, and erroneous nature of the investigations which have been made by authors on this subject, I may quote some remarks published by Virey in the Journal Universel (vi. 26), and drawn, he says, from a comparison of statements in various works. He states that arsenic, which is so fatal to animals in general, merely purges dogs and wolves more or less; that nux vomica is less fatal to man than to dogs; that pepper is fatal to hogs, parsley to parrots, the agrostis arundinacea to goats, elder-berries to poultry, chenopodium vulvaria to swine; that on the contrary the goat eats with impunity hemlock, daphne gnidium, and some species of euphorbia; that the camel eats all species of euphorbia, the hedgehog cantharides, the horse monkshood, ranunculus flammula, and buckthorn; asses and mules white hellebore, swine yew-berries; all which are poisonous to animals in general. He does not state special authorities for these facts; but they are taken from authors not of the most modern times, and must be received, in my opinion, with great reserve, notwithstanding the respect which he claims for the older writers. Some of the statements are plainly false.

In a more recent paper Virey lays it down as a general principle, that poisons from the inorganic kingdom act more or less on the whole animated creation, but that vegetable and animal poisons are such only in respect to particular animals; that carnivorous animals are more sensible to the action of vegetable poisons, but less so to that of animal poisons, than herbivorous or graminivorous animals; and that the activity of poisons on different animals bears a ratio in the first place to their relative sensibility, and secondly, to the digestive power of their stomach. I question whether these views will be generally admitted by toxicologists, without much more extensive and more careful inquiries than any hitherto made. [Journ. de Chim. Méd. vii. 214.]

Another singular illustration of the facility with which facts are admitted in proof of the varying effects of poisons on different animals, is a statement by a German naturalist, Dr. Lenz, to the effect that the hedgehog altogether resists the most powerful poisons. He states that he has seen one receive ten or twelve wounds from a viper on the ears, muzzle, and tongue, without sustaining any harm; and that ultimately it kills and devours the snake. He quotes Palias for the fact that it has taken 100 cantharides flies without injury, and says a medical friend who wished to dissect a hedgehog, gave it successively hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, opium, and corrosive sublimate, without being able to kill it [L’Institut. ii. 84]. His countryman Reich, however, contradicts these statements, observing that he has poisoned the hedgehog with hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, and corrosive sublimate, but that doses considerably larger are required for a dog or cat. Ninety grains of medicinal hydrocyanic acid, thirty of arsenic, and twenty of corrosive sublimate, occasioned death. [Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 358.] One of my colleagues having lately quoted Lenz’s assertion in his lectures, some of his pupils brought me two hedgehogs to be subjected to experiment. A drop of the pure acid put upon the tongue killed each within a minute.

The following experiments by Professor Gohier of the veterinary school of Lyons are worth mentioning; but in order to be satisfactory would require to be performed in a more consecutive train. Muriate of soda in the dose of two or three pounds causes in the horse great disorder and even death. Calomel has no effect. The juice of rhus toxicodendron has no effect on the _solipedes_ either internally or applied to the skin. Ten drachms of opium cause in the horse tympanitis and stupor, not somnolency. Thirty-six grains of opium had no effect on a dog. Cantharides does not injure the horse in the dose of a drachm, or the dog in that of nine grains. When the sheep swallows yew-leaves it is soon seized with locked-jaw and convulsive movements of the lips and flanks: in the horse they cause dilated pupil, convulsive movements of the eyes, and restlessness: the goat and dog eat them with impunity [Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xix. 156]: man is severely affected by them. Hyoscyamus, stramonium, hemlock, and other narcotic vegetables, though powerfully narcotic to man, will not affect the domestic animals unless given in doses 100 times as great as those given to man. [Ibid. 154.]

The most important researches I have yet seen in this line of inquiry are those of Professor Viborg of Copenhagen, read in the Royal Danish Society of Sciences in 1792. He instituted a connected series of experiments, expressly to determine how far the effects of poisons on man correspond with those on the lower animals. The results were, that mineral poisons appeared to act nearly in the same manner on all orders of animals, antimonial and barytic salts alone excepted, the former of which acted powerfully on man, the carnivorous animals, and swine, but scarcely at all on ruminating and herbivorous animals, while the latter in doses of a drachm had no effect on horses: That animal poisons resemble mineral poisons in their leading effects on most animals: That the vegetable acrids also act pretty uniformly on most animals: and that of the vegetable narcotics there are few which possess poisonous properties in regard to certain animals only. Yew-leaves kill all ruminating animals, and, notwithstanding Virey’s statement, swine, mules, and horses, also chickens; and they produce violent symptoms in geese, ducks, cats and dogs, although Gohier says dogs eat them with impunity. An ape ate a large quantity of the Æthusa cynapium without injury. Dogs took from an ounce and a half to three ounces of belladonna without dangerous symptoms. [Marx, die Lehre von den Giften,—from Viborg’s Sammlung von Abhandlungen für Thierärzte, i. 277.]

Professor Mayer of Bonn, in an inquiry into the effects of the Coriaria myrtifolia, found that rabbits are not affected at all by a drachm of the extract of the juice given internally, or applied to a wound; while half a drachm swallowed by a cat kills it in a few hours, and three grains will have the same effect when introduced into a wound. He likewise found that it is a deadly poison to the dog, the hawk, and the frog. [Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxviii. 4, 43.]

Professor Giacomini of Padua says, that “in many experiments performed by him on dogs and rabbits, he has constantly observed, that the former, as being carnivorous by nature, sustain stimulating substances tolerably well; while rabbits, being herbivorous, stand stimulants ill, but sedatives well.” “Hence many herbivorous animals eat with impunity large quantities of vegetable poisons of the sedative kind which prove fatal to carnivorous animals.” [Annali Univ. di Med. 1841, i. 372.] This may be true as a general rule. But it is not universally applicable; for alcoholic fluids kill dogs with great swiftness in no great dose.

An extraordinary statement was lately brought before the French Institute, to the effect that 120 sheep, affected with an epidemic pleurisy, got each about 500 grains of arsenic without sustaining the slightest harm; and that it was also ascertained to have no poisonous action upon sheep even in a state of health. A commission of the Institute, however, which was appointed to test this assertion, found that healthy sheep were killed by a dose of 155 grains, if they had fasted for some time before [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1843, xxix. 468.] It is reasonable to suppose, that ruminating animals, whose alimentary canal is scarcely ever empty should suffer less than carnivorous animals from such poisons as arsenic.

Lassaigne, in some experiments with arsenic, incidentally remarked, that 246 grains of solid arsenic given daily for four days had no effect whatever on a horse; but that this result seemed to depend on the difficulty which the stomach must experience in appropriating it among the bulky materials of its food; for 154 grains in solution killed the same animal in six hours [Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1841, 82].—Gianelli of Lucca found that a horse was killed in eight hours by 185 grains of powder of arsenic given in the form of bolus [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1842, xxviii. 88].

I might easily extend these extracts. But the result would be merely a mass of contradiction, from which no sound conclusion could be drawn, otherwise the subject would have been discussed in the text.

Footnote 107:

Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 29.

Footnote 108:

Celebrated Trials, vi. 55.

Footnote 109:

Toxicologie Générale, ii. 676.

Footnote 110:

Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iv. 124. See subsequently the articles Oxalic Acid and Narcotine.

Footnote 111:

Journal de Chimie Méd. vii. 131.

Footnote 112:

Journal de Physiologie, ii. 1, and iii. 81.

Footnote 113:

Ibidem, iii. 84.

Footnote 114:

De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 18.

Footnote 115:

Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 100.

Footnote 116:

L’Examinateur Médical, 1 Juin, 1842, from Bulletino delle Scien. Med. Jan. 1842.

Footnote 117:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. 1842, xxviii. 84.

Footnote 118:

Ibid. 1843, xxix. 471.

Footnote 119:

Trial.—This is a good illustration. Nevertheless, it will be seen under the head of morbid appearances caused by the irritant class of poisons, that Dr. Bostock’s experiments, though conclusive as to the statement in the text, did not affect the real questions in the case.

Footnote 120:

See trial of Freeman—_article_ Hydrocyanic Acid.

Footnote 121:

I have unfortunately mislaid the reference to this interesting fact, which was taken, I think, from a French periodical. In this country arsenic is never employed for the purpose mentioned in the text.

Footnote 122:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

Footnote 123:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 364.

Footnote 124:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, vi. 149.

Footnote 125:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23.

Footnote 126:

Ibid., xxvii. 441. On considering, however, this and other instances of the kind which have since come under my notice, I suspect the case is rendered intelligible by the effect of sleep in suspending or delaying for a time the action of arsenic and other simply irritating poisons. See above—_evidence from symptoms beginning soon after a meal_, p. 46.—also _article_ Arsenic.

Footnote 127:

Howell’s State Trials, xviii.

Footnote 128:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 298.

Footnote 129:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxii. 438.

Footnote 130:

For a very striking example of the latter description see Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xii. i. 110. Fourteen people were seized about the same time in a charity workhouse.

Footnote 131:

Having mislaid the copy I possessed of this trial, I am unable to give here the reference.

Footnote 132:

De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 7.

Footnote 133:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

Footnote 134:

Howell’s State Trials, xviii.

Footnote 135:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 441. The reader will remember that what was considered defective in the proof in this trial, the connection between the administration of a suspicious article and the first invasion of the symptoms, would now appear less so, for the reason assigned in note [126] p. 77.

Footnote 136:

Sur l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, p. 243.

Footnote 137:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxix. 19.

Footnote 138:

MM. Chevallier et Boys de Loury, in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et Méd. Lég. xivv. 400.

Footnote 139:

MM. Lecanu and Chevallier in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. 1840, xxiv. 282.

Footnote 140:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 575.

Footnote 141:

Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, Art. Indigestion, xxiv. p. 374.

Footnote 142:

Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 292.

Footnote 143:

See also Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, _Art._ Rupture, xlix. 225.

Footnote 144:

Médicina Légale, ii. 22.

Footnote 145:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xx. 433.

Footnote 146:

Mr. Weekes, in London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xiv. 447.

Footnote 147:

London Medical and Physical Journal, June, 1831, vol. lxvi.

Footnote 148:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, v. 93.

Footnote 149:

London Medical Repository, xvii. 108.

Footnote 150:

Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, x. 64.

Footnote 151:

Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, xiv.

Footnote 152:

For an instance, see Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, ix. 249.

Footnote 153:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 89.

Footnote 154:

Med. Rep. on the Effects of Cold Water, 1798, p. 96.

Footnote 155:

New York Medical Register.

Footnote 156:

Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xxvii. 57.

Footnote 157:

Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 14.

Footnote 158:

Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. xxvii. 60.

Footnote 159:

Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, vi. 34.

Footnote 160:

De cauta et circumspecta veneni dati accusatione, § 12.

Footnote 161:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 88.

Footnote 162:

Ibid. xxix. 70.

Footnote 163:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 496.

Footnote 164:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 99.

Footnote 165:

Trial of Donnal.—See Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, iii. Appendix, 277, _et seq._

Footnote 166:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 87.

Footnote 167:

On Diseases of the Stomach and other Abdominal Viscera, p. 15.

Footnote 168:

Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, ii. 51.

Footnote 169:

Laisné sur les Perforations Spontanées, p. 206, from Recueil des observations des Hopitaux Militaires, i. 375.—This case is also given by MM. Petit and Serres in their treatise entitled “de la Fièvre Entéro-Mésenterique,” p. 197, and is considered by them an instance of that particular disease.

Footnote 170:

Trans. of Provinc. Med. and Surg. Association, vol. i.

Footnote 171:

Louis in Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17, or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxi. 239, also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273, and Louis Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, _passim_.

Footnote 172:

Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. pp. 156 and 243.

Footnote 173:

Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 52.

Footnote 174:

For cases of this disease, see Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 156 and 181.

Footnote 175:

Considérations Medico-légales sur les perforations spontanées de l’estomac, 1819. This thesis, published with three others on medico-legal subjects, is understood to have been in a great measure the work of the late Professor Chaussier.

Footnote 176:

Trans. of the Dublin College of Physicians, i. 2, and London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, viii. 228.

Footnote 177:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 20.

Footnote 178:

Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, 41.

Footnote 179:

London Medico-Chirurg. Transactions, viii. 233.

Footnote 180:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xxvi. 123.

Footnote 181:

On Diseases of the Stomach, pp. 35, 37.

Footnote 182:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 16.

Footnote 183:

Guy’s Hosp. Rep. 1839, 52.

Footnote 184:

Edinb. Med-Chirurgical Transactions, i. 311.

Footnote 185:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 199. This paper is analysed in Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvi. 451.

Footnote 186:

Philosophical Transactions, lxii. 447.

Footnote 187:

Gastellier in Leroux’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiii. 24.

Footnote 188:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xi. 463.

Footnote 189:

Mr. Kell in London Medical Gazette, ii. 649.

Footnote 190:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 107.

Footnote 191:

Revue Médicale, 1826, i. 100.

Footnote 192:

Jahrbuch des Oesterreiches Staates, xxii. 54, or Arch. Gén. de Méd. xlvi. 480.

Footnote 193:

Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 25.

Footnote 194:

Affaire Hullin. Archives Générales de Médecine, xix. 332.

Footnote 195:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, iv. 371.

Footnote 196:

Archives Générales de Médecine, Oct. and Nov. 1826; also Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 149.

Footnote 197:

De la Membranes Muqueuse Gastro-intestinale, 1825.

Footnote 198:

Ibid. p. 220.

Footnote 199:

For a case of this rare and singular disease, see Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvi. 214.

Footnote 200:

Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 169.

Footnote 201:

Journal de Médecine, vii. 333. Also Foderé, Traité de Médecine-Légale, iv. 282.

Footnote 202:

Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1828, iii. 141.

Footnote 203:

Philos. Trans. lxii. 450.

Footnote 204:

See Analysis of his Essay by Dr. Gumprecht, Lond. Med. Repos. x. 416.

Footnote 205:

Laisné, Sur les Perforations Spontanées, 149.

Footnote 206:

The last cases were observed by Hunter. See Philos. Transactions, lxii. 452.

Footnote 207:

Fisica Animale e Vegetabile. Dissertazione quinta, § ccxxiii.-ccxxxi. T. ii. 86–89, Edit. Venezia, 1782.

Footnote 208:

De Alimentorum Concoctione. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgh 1777.

Footnote 209:

Experiments on Digestion. Appendix to Spallanzani’s Dissertations relative to the Natural History of Animals and Vegetables. London Edition, 1784, i. 317.

Footnote 210:

Expériences sur la Digestion dans l’homme. Paris, 1814, pp. 20, _et seq._

Footnote 211:

Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, &c. Heidelberg, 1825, or the French Edition, Recherches Expérimentales Physiologiques et Chimiques sur la Digestion, 1826, _passim_.

Footnote 212:

Inquiry into the Chemical Solution of the stomach after death. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiv. 282.

Footnote 213:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 57, 77, 93, and 107.

Footnote 214:

Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 135.

Footnote 215:

Journal Complémentaire du Dict. des Scien. Med. xxxvii. 194.

Footnote 216:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 45.

Footnote 217:

Trial of Angus for the murder of Margaret Burns, 1808.

Footnote 218:

Laisné sur les Perforations de l’Estomac, p. 190, and Bìllìard, Considérations sur l’Empoisonnement par les Irritans, _passim_.

Footnote 219:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 137.

Footnote 220:

London Medical Gazette, ii. 619.

Footnote 221:

Laisné. &c. p. 564.

Footnote 222:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 38.

Footnote 223:

London Med. Gazette, xiv. 30.

Footnote 224:

Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide Nitrique, 1802, p. 87.

Footnote 225:

Novellæ Medico-legales, Cas. xxix. p. 211.

Footnote 226:

Bulletins ties Sciences Médicales, Janvier, 1830.

Footnote 227:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxv. 298.

Footnote 228:

Burnett on Criminal Law, 544. _Note._

Footnote 229:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102.

Footnote 230:

Ibidem, xxii. 222.

Footnote 231:

Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the Combination Laws, June, 1825, pp. 323–328. Evidence of Mr. Campbell and Mr. Robinson.

Footnote 232:

Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence, Case iii. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxi. 229.

Footnote 233:

London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 944.

Footnote 234:

A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 94.

Footnote 235:

Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i.

Footnote 236:

Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 456.

Footnote 237:

Revue Médicale, 1824, ii. 469.

Footnote 238:

Toxicologie Gén. 4ème edition, 1843, i. 112.

Footnote 239:

Poggendort’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xli. 643. Buchner’s Repertorium, 1838, lxiv. 20.

Footnote 240:

Buchner’s Repertorium, lxiv. 32.

Footnote 241:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 474.

Footnote 242:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 77.

Footnote 243:

Ibidem, 78.

Footnote 244:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 266.

Footnote 245:

London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, ii. 254.

Footnote 246:

Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 1802.

Footnote 247:

Lebidois, Arch. Gén. de Med. xiii. 367.

Footnote 248:

Martini in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 159.

Footnote 249:

Correa de Serra in Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 209, on the third day.

Footnote 250:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 103.

Footnote 251:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 367.

Footnote 252:

Tartra, iii. 87.

Footnote 253:

Desgranges, Recueil Périodique de la Société de Médecine, vi. 22. Tulpius, Observationes Medicinales, iii. 43.

Footnote 254:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 362.

Footnote 255:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18.

Footnote 256:

Archives Générales, xiii. 367.

Footnote 257:

Tartra, p. 160.

Footnote 258:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102.

Footnote 259:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xlix. iii. 60.

Footnote 260:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18.

Footnote 261:

Mr. J. B. Thomson in London Med. Gazette, 1841–42, i. 146.

Footnote 262:

Martini’s case.

Footnote 263:

London Med. Gazette, 1834, xiv. 489.

Footnote 264:

Tendering in Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1825, i. 458.

Footnote 265:

Journal de Médecine par Corvisart, xix. 263.

Footnote 266:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxiii. 156.

Footnote 267:

Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 835.

Footnote 268:

Lancet, 1836–37, i. 195.

Footnote 269:

London Medical Gazette, xii. 219.

Footnote 270:

Augustin’s Repertorium, i. ii. 15.

Footnote 271:

Archives Gén. de Méd., xxi. 372, _note_.

Footnote 272:

Journal Hebdomadaire.

Footnote 273:

Tartra, p. 124.

Footnote 274:

Dr. Bartley, iv. 289, and Mr. Diamond, v. 110.

Footnote 275:

Mr. Bevan, i. 756.

Footnote 276:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1835, 426.

Footnote 277:

Dublin Journal of Med. and Chem. Science, No. 25.

Footnote 278:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 465.

Footnote 279:

Ibid. 452.

Footnote 280:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 101. Lond. Med. Gazette, xii. 221.

Footnote 281:

Horn’s Archiv, &c. 453.

Footnote 282:

London Medical Gazette, xiv. 489, and 1837–8, ii. 76.

Footnote 283:

Louis, ibidem, xiv. 30.

Footnote 284:

Philadelphia Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences, iv. 410.

Footnote 285:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 76.

Footnote 286:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 406.

Footnote 287:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, ii. 122.

Footnote 288:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 368.

Footnote 289:

Horn’s Archiv, &c. 1823, i. 456.

Footnote 290:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 401.

Footnote 291:

Edin. Med and Surg. Journ. xxii. 222, and xxxvi. 103.

Footnote 292:

Kerkringii opera omnia, p. 146.

Footnote 293:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xvii. 362.

Footnote 294:

Robert in Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1827, iv. 415.

Footnote 295:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxii. 161.

Footnote 296:

Toxicologie Générale, ii. 689.

Footnote 297:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 222.

Footnote 298:

Ibidem, xxxv. 302.

Footnote 299:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 30.

Footnote 300:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1824, iv. 276.

Footnote 301:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, 1837, l. 501.

Footnote 302:

Dr. Sinclair. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 99; and case of Humphrey. Ibidem, xxxv. 301.

Footnote 303:

London Medical Gazette, xii. 219. Mr. Arnott’s Case.

Footnote 304:

Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 330 and 432.

Footnote 305:

Orfila. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 5.

Footnote 306:

Peligot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1833, p. 644.

Footnote 307:

Barthemot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1841, 560.

Footnote 308:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 365.

Footnote 309:

Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 840.

Footnote 310:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xxviii. 200. Also Toxicologie Générale. 1843, i. 142.

Footnote 311:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1842, 266.

Footnote 312:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxviii. 317.

Footnote 313:

Prout, Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 45.—Tiedemann and Gmelin, Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, _passim_.—_Children_, Annals of Philosophy, 1824, viii. 68.

Footnote 314:

Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 49.

Footnote 315:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 285.

Footnote 316:

Lancet, 1839–40, i. 899.

Footnote 317:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 155.

Footnote 318:

Lins in Buchner’s Repertorium, lxviii. 389.

Footnote 319:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 56.

Footnote 320:

Worbe in Mémoires de la Société Médicale d’Emulation, ix. 507.

Footnote 321:

Annales de Chimie, xxvii. 87.

Footnote 322:

Worbe, &c. and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 228.

Footnote 323:

Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 429.

Footnote 324:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxi. 341.

Footnote 325:

Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratiques, xii. 707.

Footnote 326:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1826, iv. 183.

Footnote 327:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 861.

Footnote 328:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxi. 70.

Footnote 329:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 141.

Footnote 330:

Dr. O’Shaughnessey, in Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 632.

Footnote 331:

Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 21.

Footnote 332:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 291.

Footnote 333:

Ibid. iv. 388.

Footnote 334:

Lancet, 1830–31, vol. i. 613.

Footnote 335:

Ibidem, 612.

Footnote 336:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

Footnote 337:

Annali Universali di Med. 1833.

Footnote 338:

Essay on the Effects of Iodine, 1824, p. 20.

Footnote 339:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 340.

Footnote 340:

Dessaigne in Journal de Chim. Médicale, iv. 65.

Footnote 341:

Moncourrier, Ibidem, iv. 216.

Footnote 342:

Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicaments, 1825, p. 161.

Footnote 343:

Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 23.

Footnote 344:

Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 27.

Footnote 345:

Gairdner on the Effects of Iodine, p. 9.

Footnote 346:

Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 126.

Footnote 347:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 111.

Footnote 348:

Gairdner, &c. p. 12.

Footnote 349:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 291.

Footnote 350:

American Journal of Medical Science, viii. 546.

Footnote 351:

Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 342.

Footnote 352:

Johnson’s Preface to his Translation of Coindet on Iodine, p. ix.

Footnote 353:

Gairdner, p. 20.

Footnote 354:

Coindet on Iodine, p. 17.

Footnote 355:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 588.

Footnote 356:

Cogswell’s Essay, p. 42.

Footnote 357:

Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 635.

Footnote 358:

Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 74.

Footnote 359:

Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 638.

Footnote 360:

Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 255.

Footnote 361:

Lancet, 1831–32.

Footnote 362:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 128.

Footnote 363:

London Medical Gazette, 1841.

Footnote 364:

Ibidem, 1839–40, i. 588.

Footnote 365:

This adulteration and its effects have been indicated by various chemists. For the best account, see Chevallier, sur les falsifications qu’on fait subir au sel marin, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 250. At one time he found about a third of the salt in Paris thus sophisticated.

Footnote 366:

Cours de Médecine-Légale, 1840, iii. 183.

Footnote 367:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 38.

Footnote 368:

Zeitschrift für Physiologie, ii.

Footnote 369:

Ibidem.

Footnote 370:

Lancet, 1830–31, i. 613.

Footnote 371:

Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 91.

Footnote 372:

De l’Action du Brôme et de ses combinaisons sur l’économie animale. Thèse Inaug. à Paris, 1828.

Footnote 373:

Hufeland’s Bibliothek der Praktischen Heilkunde, Sept. 1829; or Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiv. 289.

Footnote 374:

Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, xiv. 222.

Footnote 375:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lviii. 120.

Footnote 376:

Bulletins de Thérapeutique, Février, 1830.

Footnote 377:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 227.

Footnote 378:

Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 169.

Footnote 379:

Beiträge zur Kentniss der Wirkungen der Arzneimittel und Gifte. Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 59.

Footnote 380:

Medizinische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 256.

Footnote 381:

Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 160.

Footnote 382:

Beiträge, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1824, i. 56.

Footnote 383:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 215.

Footnote 384:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 159.

Footnote 385:

See Trousseau and Blanc, Arch. Gén. de Méd. Sept. 1830.

Footnote 386:

London Courier, September 22, 1827.

Footnote 387:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 116.

Footnote 388:

London Medical Repository, i. 382.

Footnote 389:

Lond. Med. Rep. iii. 382.

Footnote 390:

Dissertatio Inauguralis de Acidi Oxalici vi venenata, Edin. 1821.

Footnote 391:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 163.

Footnote 392:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, _et seq._

Footnote 393:

Lancet, 1830–31, i. 96.

Footnote 394:

Mr. A. Taylor. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 120.

Footnote 395:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 168.

Footnote 396:

Mr. Davies in Lancet, 1838–39, i. 30.

Footnote 397:

Lancet, 1830–31, i. 187.

Footnote 398:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 190.

Footnote 399:

Bulletins de Pharmacie, vi. 87.

Footnote 400:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 166.

Footnote 401:

Ibid. 169.

Footnote 402:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_.

Footnote 403:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, 219, 235, 254.

Footnote 404:

Toxicologie Gén., 1843, i. 187.

Footnote 405:

London Courier, Feb. 1, 1823.

Footnote 406:

St. James’s Chronicle, August 17, 1826.

Footnote 407:

London Medical Repository, xxii. 476.

Footnote 408:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 606.

Footnote 409:

London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490.

Footnote 410:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 187.

Footnote 411:

London. Med. Gaz. i. 737.

Footnote 412:

Dr. Scott, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiv. 67.

Footnote 413:

London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490. The quantity could scarcely have been two ounces, 1, because a penny-worth, which was what the person bought, amounts only to two drachms, and 2, because it could not have been dissolved, as the patient said was done, in four ounces of water. The word _ounces_ is probably a misprint for drachms.

Footnote 414:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii, 353.

Footnote 415:

London Med. Repository, xi. 20.

Footnote 416:

Ibid. vi. 474.

Footnote 417:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 353.

Footnote 418:

London Med. Repository, iii. 380.

Footnote 419:

Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 748.

Footnote 420:

London Medical Repository, xii. 18. London Medical Gazette, i. 737. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxiv. 67.

Footnote 421:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 607.

Footnote 422:

London Medical Gazette, i. 737.

Footnote 423:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 190.

Footnote 424:

Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 211, and Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 195.

Footnote 425:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique, 1842, xxvii. 422.

Footnote 426:

Lond. Med. Gazette, 1840–41, i. 480.

Footnote 427:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 185.

Footnote 428:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 255.

Footnote 429:

Orfila, in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 145.

Footnote 430:

Annales d’Hygiène, Publique, 1842, xxviii. 206.

Footnote 431:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 197.

Footnote 432:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 164, 3me Edition.

Footnote 433:

Ibid. 166, and also Archives Gén. de Méd. xiii. 373.

Footnote 434:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 335, lvi. 345, lvi. 123.

Footnote 435:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xxviii. 212.

Footnote 436:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 341.

Footnote 437:

London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 188.

Footnote 438:

Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxx. 310.

Footnote 439:

Toxicologia, p. 225.

Footnote 440:

London Med. Repository, vii. 118.

Footnote 441:

Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 167.

Footnote 442:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxx. 310.

Footnote 443:

Surgical Observations, Part i. 82.

Footnote 444:

Toxic. Gén. i. 169.

Footnote 445:

Bulletin de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. 1836, i. 151.

Footnote 446:

Journal de Pharmacie, ix. 355, or Med. Repos. xx. 441.

Footnote 447:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 417.

Footnote 448:

Toxic. Gén. i. 193.

Footnote 449:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 334, liv. 346.

Footnote 450:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 415.

Footnote 451:

Experimental Essays, p. 113.

Footnote 452:

Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 22.

Footnote 453:

Tartra sur l’empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 136.

Footnote 454:

London Med. Repository, xxiii. 523.

Footnote 455:

Experimental Essays, pp. 114, 115.

Footnote 456:

Souville in Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 19.

Footnote 457:

Laflize in Journ. de Méd. lxxi. 401.

Footnote 458:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 130.

Footnote 459:

Alexander, Experimental Essays, p. 109.

Footnote 460:

Memoirs of London Med. Society, iii. 527.

Footnote 461:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 34.

Footnote 462:

Annali Univers. di Medicina, 1836, iii. 333.

Footnote 463:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lvii. i. 124.

Footnote 464:

Journal de Physiologie, iii. 243.

Footnote 465:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 174.

Footnote 466:

Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, s. 252.7

Footnote 467:

Timæi Casus Medicinales, lvii. c. 12.

Footnote 468:

Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 220.

Footnote 469:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 336, lvi. 422, liii. 38.

Footnote 470:

Toxicol. _ut supra_.

Footnote 471:

Plenck, Toxicologia, 226.

Footnote 472:

Essay on Fevers, p. 308.

Footnote 473:

Bulletins de la Soc. de Méd. 1815, No. viii. T. iv. 352.

Footnote 474:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xiv. 642.

Footnote 475:

Revue Médicale, xvii. 265.

Footnote 476:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 499.

Footnote 477:

London Medical Gazette, 1837, xxi. 529.

Footnote 478:

Orfila, Toxicol Gén. i. 229.

Footnote 479:

De salis ammoniaci, vi, &c. Heidelberg, 1826. Analysed in Revue Med. 1827, i. 284.

Footnote 480:

Orfila, i. 228.

Footnote 481:

Orfila, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

Footnote 482:

Toxic. Gén. i. 177.

Footnote 483:

Annales, _ut supra_.

Footnote 484:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 269. Two from an Essay by M. Chantourelle, read before the Acad. de Médecine,; and one from M. Lafranque in Ann. de la Méd. Physiolog. Février, 1825.

Footnote 485:

Journ. Universel, xviii. 265.

Footnote 486:

See _Poisonous Gases_.

Footnote 487:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 656.

Footnote 488:

It appears that arsenic does not always undergo this change. Berzelius once kept some fragments in an open phial for three years without observing any change in appearance or weight. [Annales de Chimie et de Physique, xi. 240.] Buchner once made a similar observation, and is inclined to think that oxidation does not occur, if the metal is quite pure. [Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxi. 29.]

Footnote 489:

American Journ. of Med. Science, x. 122.

Footnote 490:

Hahnemann, Uber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 13.

Footnote 491:

Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 292.

Footnote 492:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

Footnote 493:

As far back at least as the time of Zacchias. See his Quæstiones Medico-legales, iii. 37, 11.

Footnote 494:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1827, xxviii. 96.

Footnote 495:

Consult among others, Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 135.

Footnote 496:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 376.

Footnote 497:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 66.

Footnote 498:

Mr. Blandy, for example, who said he “perceived an extraordinary grittiness in his mouth, attended with a very painful pricking and burning pain in his tongue, throat, stomach, and bowels.” [Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.]

Footnote 499:

American Journal of Medical Science, x. 122.

Footnote 500:

Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie. vi. 232.

Footnote 501:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

Footnote 502:

London Philosophical Journal, 1837, ii. 482.

Footnote 503:

Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 10.

Footnote 504:

Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic du sublimé corrosif, &c. i. 20.

Footnote 505:

Neues Nordisches Archiv. i.

Footnote 506:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

Footnote 507:

Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 223.

Footnote 508:

Lectures on Chemistry, ii. 430.

Footnote 509:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 82, and Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 293.

Footnote 510:

Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 251.

Footnote 511:

Donovan in Dublin Phil. Journal, ii. 402.

Footnote 512:

Ibid.

Footnote 513:

American Journal of Medical Science, x. 126.

Footnote 514:

Annales d’Hyg. Pub. et de Med. Lég. xi. 224.

Footnote 515:

The only probable source of such impregnation is pyritic sulphur, which is frequently used abroad, and has of late been occasionally employed in this country, for making sulphuric acid. As pyrites commonly contains arsenic, the acid becomes adulterated with oxide of arsenic, and may communicate the same impregnation to various other reagents which are prepared by means of sulphuric acid. The oxide may easily be detected in that acid by a stream of hydrosulphuric acid gas, after moderate dilution with water; for pure acid is rendered milky; but an arsenical acid yields a yellow precipitate of sulphuret of arsenic.

Footnote 516:

Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 449.

Footnote 517:

Reinsch, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lvi. 183.

Footnote 518:

This has been occasionally observed by Chevallier [Journal de Chim. Méd. 1840, 434], and once by M. Roturier [Ibidem, 627]. The former met with a medico-legal case where from this circumstance an erroneous opinion was at first formed in favour of poisoning.

Footnote 519:

London Med. Chirurgical Transactions, iii. 342.

Footnote 520:

See a paper by myself in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 60, where the fallacies to which the liquid tests are liable are investigated at great length.

Footnote 521:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 230.

Footnote 522:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 74.

Footnote 523:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1824.

Footnote 524:

Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1836, xxi. 229.

Footnote 525:

Mr. L. Thomson in Lond. Phil. Journal, 1837, i. 353.—Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 212.—Bischoff, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 411.—Mr. H. H. Watson, Manchester Memoirs, vi. 603.—Pettenkoffer, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 289.—Berzelius, and a Committee of the French Institute, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393.—Flandin and Danger, Ibidem, 1841, 435.—Malapert, Ibidem, 1841, 295.—Lassaigne, Ibidem, 1840, 638,—Mr. Ellis, Lancet, 1843.—A paper of my own, Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Med. Science, iii. 257.

Footnote 526:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393. Rapport de l’Institut.

Footnote 527:

Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 1843, iii. 257.

Footnote 528:

Journal für Praktischen Chemie, 1842, xxiv. 242.

Footnote 529:

See Edinburgh Monthly Journ. of Med. Science, 1843, iii. 774.

Footnote 530:

Annalen der Chimie und Pharmacie, 1844, xlix. 291.

Footnote 531:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1824, xxii. 78.

Footnote 532:

Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, xlix. 308.

Footnote 533:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 413.

Footnote 534:

Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1844, Mär 3, xlix. 308.

Footnote 535:

London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 723.

Footnote 536:

Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii. 404.

Footnote 537:

Ibidem, p. 418.

Footnote 538:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 452.

Footnote 539:

Ibidem, 1841, 534.

Footnote 540:

Ibidem, 1842, 650.

Footnote 541:

London Philosophical Journal, 1842, ii. 403.

Footnote 542:

Wohler, Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 96.

Footnote 543:

Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 1073.

Footnote 544:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 645, and 1841, 242.

Footnote 545:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1839, 346.

Footnote 546:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii.

Footnote 547:

Ibidem, 404.

Footnote 548:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

Footnote 549:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 107.

Footnote 550:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 163.

Footnote 551:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 17, 421, 431.

Footnote 552:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxii. 450.

Footnote 553:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

Footnote 554:

Ibidem, 1840, 690.

Footnote 555:

Annales, &c. _ut supra_.

Footnote 556:

Revue Médicale. 1827, i. 365.

Footnote 557:

Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

Footnote 558:

January, 1819.

Footnote 559:

Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Med. Légale, xii. 393.

Footnote 560:

Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, pp. 14, 45.

Footnote 561:

Journal de Pharmacie, xiii. 207.

Footnote 562:

Journal de Chim. Med. ii. 113.

Footnote 563:

Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 465.

Footnote 564:

See subsequently _Morbid Appearances_.

Footnote 565:

Dublin Journal of the Med. Sciences, xx. 422.

Footnote 566:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

Footnote 567:

Buchner’s Toxicologie, 476.

Footnote 568:

Treatise on Poisons, third edition, pp. 270, 271.

Footnote 569:

Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 426.

Footnote 570:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 690.

Footnote 571:

Gazette Médicale, 1839, No. 20.

Footnote 572:

In a rabbit killed by arsenic applied to a wound Sir B. Brodie found the heart contracting feebly after death; and in a dog there were tremulous contractions incapable of supporting circulation. Sproegel found the peristaltic motion of the intestines and gullet vigorous in a dog an hour after death. [Diss. Inaug. in Halleri Disput. Med. Prac. vi. Exp. 31] Orfila in some experiments found the heart apparently inflamed and its irritability destroyed. [Arch. Gén. de Med. i. 147.]

Footnote 573:

Haller’s Disput. Med. Pract. vi. Exp. 35.

Footnote 574:

Diss. Inaug. Tubing. 1808. De effectibus Arsenici in var. organismos.

Footnote 575:

Phil. Trans. cii. 211.

Footnote 576:

Jaeger, p. 28.

Footnote 577:

Halleri Disput., &c., Exp. 36.

Footnote 578:

Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 42.

Footnote 579:

Ibidem, 45.

Footnote 580:

Journal de Chim. Méd. ii. 153.

Footnote 581:

Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102.

Footnote 582:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 57.

Footnote 583:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 48.

Footnote 584:

Nov. Bibliothèque Méd. 1827, ii 59.

Footnote 585:

Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102

Footnote 586:

For the references to these cases, see p. 227.

Footnote 587:

Ueber Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 53–4.

Footnote 588:

Journal Complémentaire, i. 107.

Footnote 589:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

Footnote 590:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 29.

Footnote 591:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xvi. 336, 345.

Footnote 592:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 492.

Footnote 593:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 257. From Alberti, Jurisp. Med. v. 619, cas. 24.

Footnote 594:

Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1841, v. 145.

Footnote 595:

Valentini Pandectæ Med.-legales, 1. iii. c. 24.

Footnote 596:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 62.

Footnote 597:

Foderé, in Journal Complémentaire, i. 107, from Bertrand, Manuel Medico-legal des Poisons, p. 185.

Footnote 598:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 429.

Footnote 599:

American Journal of Med. Science, xi. 61.

Footnote 600:

Mr. Hume, London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 467.

Footnote 601:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 94.

Footnote 602:

Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

Footnote 603:

Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

Footnote 604:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix 117.

Footnote 605:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 338.

Footnote 606:

Pandectæ Medico-legales, P. i. s. iii. cas. xxvi. pp. 134, 135.

Footnote 607:

Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratique, Art. Arsenic, iii. 340.

Footnote 608:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii 14.—Another case somewhat analogous has been related by Tonnelier in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine (iv. 15). The person, a girl nineteen years of age, took the poison at eleven, dined pretty heartily at two, and concealed her sufferings till seven. Even before dinner, however, she had been observed occasionally to change countenance, as if uneasy.

Footnote 609:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 450.

Footnote 610:

London Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 134.

Footnote 611:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23. See also above, p. 77.

Footnote 612:

Mr. Page, Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 626.

Footnote 613:

Wendland in Augustin’s Archiv der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 34.

Footnote 614:

Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

Footnote 615:

Bachmann. See subsequently, p. 260. State Trials, xviii. Case of Miss Blandy.

Footnote 616:

Wepfer, Historia Cicutæ, 276.

Footnote 617:

In a case by Schlegel. See Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 81.

Footnote 618:

Buchmann, p. 40.

Footnote 619:

Journal de Médecine, iv. 383.

Footnote 620:

Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, p. 580.

Footnote 621:

Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

Footnote 622:

Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 96.—Lond. Med. Phys. Journ. xxviii. 345—and Wildberg’s Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 235–390.

Footnote 623:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lix. 350.

Footnote 624:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 29.

Footnote 625:

Tonnelier’s case. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv.—Roget’s case. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii.

Footnote 626:

Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 347.

Footnote 627:

Henke’s Zeitschrift, i. 31.

Footnote 628:

De Veneficio caute dijudicando. Schlegel’s Opusc. iv. 22.

Footnote 629:

Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

Footnote 630:

Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 307.

Footnote 631:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, v. 106.

Footnote 632:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, 1843, lix. 350.

Footnote 633:

Elements of Juridical Medicine, 68.

Footnote 634:

Historia Cicutæ, p. 282.

Footnote 635:

Essay on Mineral Poisons, 1795, p. 30.

Footnote 636:

These facts are important, because they will enable the medical jurist in some circumstances to decide a question which may be started as to the possibility of arsenic having been the cause of death when it is very rapid. I have dwelt on them more particularly than may appear necessary, because some loose statements on the subject were made in a controversy on the occasion of a trial of some note, that of Hannah Russell and Daniel Leny, at Lewes Summer Assizes 1826, for the murder of the husband of the former. Arsenic was decidedly detected in the stomach, and it was proved that the deceased did not live above three hours after the only meal at which the prisoners could have administered the poison. Now during the controversy which arose after the execution of one of the prisoners, it was alleged by one of the parties, among other reasons for believing arsenic not to have been the cause of death, that this poison never proves fatal so soon as in three hours,—that Sir Astley Cooper and Mr. Stanley of London had never known a case prove fatal in less than seven hours—and that Dr. Male’s case mentioned above is the shortest on record. The instances quoted above overthrow this whole line of statement. It was mentioned by Mr. Evans, the chief crown witness, but I know not on what authority, that, on the trial of Samuel Smith for poisoning, held at Warwick Summer Assizes 1826, the deceased was proved to have expired in two hours after taking a quarter of an ounce of arsenic. I have examined with some care the documents in the Lewes case, which were obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Evans; and I have been quite unable to discover any reason for questioning the reality of poisoning, or for the ferment which it seems the subsequent controversy excited. The case seems to have been satisfactorily made out by Mr. Evans in the first instance; and no sound medical jurist would for a moment suffer a shadow of doubt to be thrown over his mind by the criticisms of Mr. Evans’s antagonist.

Footnote 637:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 271.

Footnote 638:

London Medical Repository, ii. 270.

Footnote 639:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 305.

Footnote 640:

Ibidem, v. 389.

Footnote 641:

Philos. Transactions, 1812, p. 212.

Footnote 642:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, v. 410.

Footnote 643:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 483.

Footnote 644:

This statement might be excellently illustrated by the particulars of an English trial in 1842, where the prisoner escaped, though arsenic was found in the stomach of the deceased, because the judge, resting on the medical evidence, urged that arsenic caused so much pain in the stomach as generally to make the person shriek with agony, while in this case there was no uneasiness except pain in the head. As the case, however, was by no means creditable to the parties concerned in it, I shall rest satisfied with the present allusion.

Footnote 645:

Vol. iii. quoted in Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 401.

Footnote 646:

Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95.

Footnote 647:

Edin. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 298.

Footnote 648:

Lond. Med. Phys. Journal, xxxiv.

Footnote 649:

Revue Médicale, 1822, vii. 105.

Footnote 650:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii. 14.

Footnote 651:

London Medical Gazette, xv. 828.

Footnote 652:

Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 397.

Footnote 653:

Lancet, xvi. 612.

Footnote 654:

Epist. Anat. lix. 3.

Footnote 655:

Journal de Médecine, lxx. 89.

Footnote 656:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1836, ii. 43.

Footnote 657:

Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xlii. 402.

Footnote 658:

Journal Hebdomadaire, 1832, viii. 476.

Footnote 659:

London Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 134.

Footnote 660:

See also a full abstract in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 507.

Footnote 661:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 553.

Footnote 662:

Traitement des Asphyxiés, 135.

Footnote 663:

Ratio Medendi, iii. 113.

Footnote 664:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 167.

Footnote 665:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 336.

Footnote 666:

Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

Footnote 667:

Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 224.

Footnote 668:

Nova Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, iii. 532.

Footnote 669:

Hahnemann über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 59.

Footnote 670:

Curationes Medicinales. Cent. ii. Obs. 33.

Footnote 671:

Cicutæ Aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 280.

Footnote 672:

Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 61.

Footnote 673:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 266.

Footnote 674:

Diet. des Sciences Méd. ii. 307.

Footnote 675:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 415.

Footnote 676:

Cadet de Gassicourt. Article Arsenic in Dict. des Sc. Méd.

Footnote 677:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, p. 266.

Footnote 678:

Hoffman, Medicina Rationalis Systematica, i. 198.

Footnote 679:

Magazin für die gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, ii. 473.

Footnote 680:

Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 63.

Footnote 681:

Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte. Gmelin attempts to show from symptoms, that the Popes Pius Third and Clement Fourteenth died of arsenic secretly and gradually given, p. 107.

Footnote 682:

Curat. Medic. C. ii. Obs. 33.

Footnote 683:

De Cicuta, p. 289.

Footnote 684:

Quoted by Hahnemann, über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 41.

Footnote 685:

Cours de Médecine Légale, p. 121.

Footnote 686:

London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 351; from Gazette Médicale, 1842, Nov. 5.

Footnote 687:

Elémens de Médecine Opératoire.

Footnote 688:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 461.

Footnote 689:

Journ. de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 482.

Footnote 690:

On Phagedæna Gangrænosa, or Med. Phys. Journal, xl. 238.

Footnote 691:

De Arsenici usu in Medicina, p. 158.

Footnote 692:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 43.

Footnote 693:

Paris and Fonblanque, ii. 222.

Footnote 694:

Médecine, Légale, iv. 226.

Footnote 695:

Ansiaulx, Clinique Chirurgicale, and Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 188.

Footnote 696:

Acta Hafniensia, iii. 178.

Footnote 697:

Hippocrates Chymicus, c. 24. p. 213.

Footnote 698:

Casus Medicinales, lib. vii. cas. 11.

Footnote 699:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 299.

Footnote 700:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxii. v. 134.

Footnote 701:

London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, i. 585.

Footnote 702:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

Footnote 703:

Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, xx. 422.

Footnote 704:

Eph. Curios. Naturæ, Dec. iii. An. 9 and 10, Obs. 220.

Footnote 705:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 112.

Footnote 706:

Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 397.

Footnote 707:

Recueil Périod. de la Soc. de Med. vi. 22.

Footnote 708:

Acta Germanica, ii. 33.

Footnote 709:

Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Annalen der Staatsarzneikunde, i. 143–159.

Footnote 710:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 241.

Footnote 711:

Einige auserlesene Medizinisch-gerichtliche abhandlungen von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 40.

Footnote 712:

State Trials, xviii.

Footnote 713:

Ephem. Academ. Cæsareo-Leopoldinæ, 1715. Obs. cxxvi.

Footnote 714:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, 755.

Footnote 715:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 278.

Footnote 716:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 53, and v. 107.

Footnote 717:

Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, de Effectibus Arsenici in varios organismos, p. 39.

Footnote 718:

Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, de Venen. Mineralibus, pp. 5, 6, 12.

Footnote 719:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171.

Footnote 720:

London Medical Gazette, xiv. 62.

Footnote 721:

Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 232 and 304.

Footnote 722:

Dissert. Exp. 36.

Footnote 723:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

Footnote 724:

Nordisches Archiv, i. 334.

Footnote 725:

Jaeger, p. 40.

Footnote 726:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

Footnote 727:

Schlegel, Collect. Opusc. &c. 423.

Footnote 728:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 58.

Footnote 729:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 66.

Footnote 730:

Metzger’s System der gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, von Remer, 1820, p. 257.

Footnote 731:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25.

Footnote 732:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

Footnote 733:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1837, ii. 29, and 1841, vi. 266.

Footnote 734:

Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 124, Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 127. Sallin, Journal Gén. de Médecine, iv.

Footnote 735:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25.

Footnote 736:

Journal Complémentaire, i. 106.

Footnote 737:

Trial of Medad Mackay at Allegany, 1821. The prisoner was found not guilty. But the presence of arsenic in the stomach was proved by several tests.

Footnote 738:

Philosophical Transactions, cii. 216.

Footnote 739:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, 1. 107.

Footnote 740:

Harles de Arsenico, 153, and Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic.

Footnote 741:

Morbid Anatomy, p. 128.

Footnote 742:

Metzger in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23. Pyl’s Aufs. und Beob. i. 60. Platner, Quæstiones Medicinæ Forenses, 206.

Footnote 743:

Medicina Forensis, Cent. v. Cas. 45, quoted by Wibmer.

Footnote 744:

Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

Footnote 745:

Bernt, Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

Footnote 746:

Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95.

Footnote 747:

ii. 284.

Footnote 748:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457.

Footnote 749:

Ibid, xxxiii. 66.

Footnote 750:

Sproegel’s Dissert. Exp. xxxi.

Footnote 751:

Pfaff and Scheele’s Nordisches Archiv. i. 345.

Footnote 752:

Archives Gén. de Med. vii. 1.

Footnote 753:

Ibidem, vii. 285.

Footnote 754:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxiv. 144.

Footnote 755:

Archives Gén. de Méd. ii. 58.

Footnote 756:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171.

Footnote 757:

Elements of Juridical Medicine, 76.

Footnote 758:

Morbid Anatomy, p. 128.

Footnote 759:

Case of Mr. Blandy, State Trials, xviii.

Footnote 760:

Bachmann’s Essay (see p. 259).

Footnote 761:

Houlton in London Med. Gazette, xiv. 712.

Footnote 762:

Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, pp. 11 and 12.

Footnote 763:

Diss. in Haller’s Disp. de Morbis, vi. Exp. xxxvi.

Footnote 764:

London Med. Gazette, x. 115.

Footnote 765:

Gazette Médicale de Paris, 1839, No. 20.

Footnote 766:

Neues Magazin, I. iii. 508.

Footnote 767:

Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 32.

Footnote 768:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xi. 461.

Footnote 769:

London Med. Gazette, xiv. 62.

Footnote 770:

Archives Gén. i. 147.

Footnote 771:

Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1829, i. 395.

Footnote 772:

Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 40.

Footnote 773:

Bachmann’s Essay, p. 41, or above, p. 259.

Footnote 774:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 50.

Footnote 775:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 281, 283.

Footnote 776:

Phil. Trans. cii. 214.

Footnote 777:

De Arsenici usu in Medicina, 1811, p. 154.

Footnote 778:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 127.

Footnote 779:

Practisches Handbuch, iii. 229.

Footnote 780:

De Venenis Mineralibus. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgi, 1813.

Footnote 781:

Historia Circutæ, 288.

Footnote 782:

Augustin’s Repertorium. Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung, I. i. 30.

Footnote 783:

Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte.

Footnote 784:

Essay on Mineral Poisons, 36.

Footnote 785:

Quæst. Medicinæ Forenses, 206.

Footnote 786:

Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 47.

Footnote 787:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 485.

Footnote 788:

Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. v. 137.

Footnote 789:

Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxii. 301, from Seeman’s Dissert. Inaug. Berolini, 1824.

Footnote 790:

For an excellent analysis of the case of Ursinus and the experiments of Klanck, see Augustin—Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung und Berichtigung älterer Angaben über diesen Gegenstand,—in Augustin’s Repertorium, I. i. 36.

Footnote 791:

Bachmann, Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische abhandlungen, von Schmidt, Bachmann, und Küttlinger. Nürnberg, 1813.

Footnote 792:

Hufeland’s Journal, xix. iv. 11, and xxii. i. 166.

Footnote 793:

Archives Gén. de Med. xxi. 615, or Revue Médicale, 1830, i. 165.

Footnote 794:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xviii. 466; and Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, 386.

Footnote 795:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457.

Footnote 796:

De veneficio caute dijudicando, in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23.

Footnote 797:

Edin. Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 284.

Footnote 798:

Dr. Symonds’s Account of the Examination, &c., Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 432.

Footnote 799:

Lancet, 1843–44, ii. 801.

Footnote 800:

Dissertatio de vera Chemiæ Organicæ notione, additis experimentis de vi Arsenici in corpore organico mortuo. 1822. Quoted fully by Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 312.

Footnote 801:

Elémens de Chymie, ii. 343.

Footnote 802:

See this work, First Ed. 1829, p. 258.

Footnote 803:

Kopp’s Jahrbuch, ii. 226.

Footnote 804:

Bernt’s Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 219.

Footnote 805:

Ueber eine Vergiftung durch weissen Arsenic—Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 61.

Footnote 806:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 172.

Footnote 807:

De usu Arsenici, 164.

Footnote 808:

Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, p. 386.

Footnote 809:

Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 470.

Footnote 810:

Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 76.

Footnote 811:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxix. 176.

Footnote 812:

Toxicologie Générale, ii.

Footnote 813:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic, pp. 33, 35.

Footnote 814:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlvi. 466, 545. Mr. Edwards, Ibidem, xlix. 117. Mr. Buchanan, London Med. Repository, xix. 288.

Footnote 815:

Journal Gén. de Médecine, 1813 and 1815, p. 363.

Footnote 816:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 429.

Footnote 817:

Das Eisenoxydhydrat, ein Gegengift der Arsenigen saüre, Göttingen, 1834.

Footnote 818:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xiv. 134.

Footnote 819:

Probationary Essay, Edin. Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, 1839.

Footnote 820:

London Medical Gazette, xv. 220.

Footnote 821:

Lancet, 1834–35 p. 232.

Footnote 822:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liv. 106.

Footnote 823:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 126.

Footnote 824:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 240.

Footnote 825:

Mr. Kerr in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 97.

Footnote 826:

London Med. Repository, ix. 456.

Footnote 827:

Med. and Phys. Journal, xxix.

Footnote 828:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 189.

Footnote 829:

Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 1124.

Footnote 830:

Ibidem, 1840, vi. 135.

Footnote 831:

Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1840, vi. 136.

Footnote 832:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 711.

Footnote 833:

Ibidem, 1843, p. 265.

Footnote 834:

Ibidem, 1841, p. 258.

Footnote 835:

Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, iv. 354.

Footnote 836:

Devergie. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. xi. 418.

Footnote 837:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 241.

Footnote 838:

Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 208.

Footnote 839:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 411.

Footnote 840:

Philosophical Transaction, 1831, cxxi. 155, 160.

Footnote 841:

Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176, and Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 243.

Footnote 842:

Taddei, Recherches sur un nouvel Antidote contre le sublimé corrosif.

Footnote 843:

Berthollet, sur la Causticité des sels Métalliques. Mém. de l’Acad. 1780.

Footnote 844:

Toxic. Gén. i. 245.

Footnote 845:

Recherches, &c. p. 60.

Footnote 846:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, p. 161.

Footnote 847:

Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xxviii, 135.

Footnote 848:

Annalen der Pharmacie, xxiv. 36.

Footnote 849:

Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176.

Footnote 850:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 301.

Footnote 851:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 424.

Footnote 852:

Dr. Bigsby in London Medical Gazette, vii. 329.

Footnote 853:

Philosophical Transactions, cii. 222.

Footnote 854:

Tentamen Inaugurale de Venenis Mineralibus, Edinb. 1813, p. 36.

Footnote 855:

Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 257.

Footnote 856:

Journal de Physiologie, i. 165 and 242.

Footnote 857:

Toxicologie, i. 261.

Footnote 858:

Journal de Physiologie, i. 165.

Footnote 859:

Autenrieth und Zeller über das Daseyn von Quecksilber in der Blutmasse der Thiere. Reil’s Archiv für die Physiologie, viii. 216.

Footnote 860:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, ii. 417.

Footnote 861:

Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, sistens experimenta quædam circa effectus hydrargyr in animalia viva, pp. 25, 31, also Reil’s Archiv, _ut supra_.

Footnote 862:

Tract. de Morb. Gall. in Opera Omnia, pp. 728, 729.

Footnote 863:

Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1810, ii. 252.

Footnote 864:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxvii. 244.

Footnote 865:

Dec. I. Ann. i. Obs. 8.

Footnote 866:

Journ. der Prakt. Heilkunde, li. 5, p. 117.

Footnote 867:

Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. v. 112.

Footnote 868:

Seltene Beobachtungen zur Anat. Physiol. und Pathol. Berlin, 1824, ii. 36. Quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 163.

Footnote 869:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 86.

Footnote 870:

Zeller, in Reil’s Archiv. viii. 233.

Footnote 871:

Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1828, iv. 17 and 18.

Footnote 872:

See the last Edition of this work, p. 366.

Footnote 873:

See my Dispensatory, 1842, p. 507.

Footnote 874:

Reil’s Archiv., viii. 228.

Footnote 875:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lx. 115.

Footnote 876:

Toxicologie 3te Auflage, 539.

Footnote 877:

Ibidem, 433.

Footnote 878:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 428.

Footnote 879:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 249.

Footnote 880:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, p. 137.

Footnote 881:

Hodgson’s Trial, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 439, also a case by Mr. Blacklock, Ibid. xxxvi. 92.

Footnote 882:

Case by Ollivier in Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 100; also one by Mr. Valentine, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 471.

Footnote 883:

Case by Fontenelle, Arch. Gén. de Méd. v. 345; also Hodgson’s Trial.

Footnote 884:

Hodgson’s Trial; also Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 263: and Mr. Valentine’s 5th case, the only survivor.

Footnote 885:

Hodgson’s Trial; also Mr. Buchanan’s case in Lond. Med. Repos. xix. 374.

Footnote 886:

Mr. Valentine’s Cases, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 470.

Footnote 887:

Mr. Anderson’s case in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 474.

Footnote 888:

Essay on Mineral Poisons, p. 52.

Footnote 889:

Dumonceau in Journ. de Med. lxix. 36; Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 264; and Blacklock’s case.

Footnote 890:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 468.

Footnote 891:

Ibid. xliv. 26.

Footnote 892:

xli. 204.

Footnote 893:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 616.

Footnote 894:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 92.

Footnote 895:

Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 99.

Footnote 896:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 265.

Footnote 897:

Mr. Valentine’s cases.

Footnote 898:

Ollivier’s case, and Fontenelle’s.

Footnote 899:

Case by Devergie in Arch. Gén. de Méd. ix. 463.

Footnote 900:

Houlston, in London Med. Journal, vi. 271.

Footnote 901:

Arch. Gén. de Méd. ix. 463.

Footnote 902:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 263.

Footnote 903:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 294.

Footnote 904:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 468.

Footnote 905:

Mr. Valentine’s 4th case.

Footnote 906:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 616.

Footnote 907:

London Medical Gazette, vii. 329.

Footnote 908:

Ibidem, 1842–43, i. 556.

Footnote 909:

Mr. Valentine’s case 1st.

Footnote 910:

Case in Med. and Phys. Journal, xli.

Footnote 911:

Case by Dr. Anderson in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 437.

Footnote 912:

Beddoes’ Contributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, 1799, p. 231.

Footnote 913:

London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 941.

Footnote 914:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 114.

Footnote 915:

Ibidem, xiv. 474.

Footnote 916:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 162.

Footnote 917:

Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xli.

Footnote 918:

Toxic. Générale, i. 282, from Degneri Historia Med. de Dysent. Bilios. Contag. 250.

Footnote 919:

Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xli. 204.

Footnote 920:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 337.

Footnote 921:

Lancet, 1838–39, i. 215.

Footnote 922:

M. Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 84.

Footnote 923:

Dr. Ramsbotham in Lond. Med. Gazette, i. 775.

Footnote 924:

Dr. Crampton, Trans. Dublin College of Physicians, iv. 91.

Footnote 925:

See page 335.

Footnote 926:

Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 578.

Footnote 927:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, ix, ii. 201.

Footnote 928:

Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xxvi. 452.

Footnote 929:

Ibid. xxvii. 275.

Footnote 930:

Trans. Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 34.

Footnote 931:

Revue Medicale, 1828, iv. 76.

Footnote 932:

Ibidem, 1829, i. 467, from Osservatore Medico di Napoli, Febb. 1829.

Footnote 933:

Dr. Tott, in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxv. 50.

Footnote 934:

Journ. de Chem. Med. ix. 197.

Footnote 935:

London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 578.

Footnote 936:

De Ptyalismo Febrili. Diss. Inaug. Lipsiæ, in Halleri Disput. de Morb. Histor. i. 469.

Footnote 937:

See Evidence of Mr. Bromfield on the Trial of Miss Butterfield for the murder of Mr. Scawen, p. 40.

Footnote 938:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 875.

Footnote 939:

Lancet, 1843–44, i. 60.

Footnote 940:

London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, i. 338.

Footnote 941:

Swédiaur on Venereal Diseases, ii. 251.

Footnote 942:

Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 99.

Footnote 943:

Flora Suecica.

Footnote 944:

On the Venereal Disease, ii. 143.

Footnote 945:

Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 99.

Footnote 946:

The exact time is not mentioned.

Footnote 947:

Trial by Gurney and Blanchard, pp. 39, 47.

Footnote 948:

Principles of Forensic Medicine, 2d Ed. 118.

Footnote 949:

Trans. of the Prov. Med. and Surg. Association, ii. 262.

Footnote 950:

Mead’s Medical Works, p. 202.

Footnote 951:

Male’s Juridical Medicine, 89.

Footnote 952:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xl. 254.

Footnote 953:

Ibid. xii. 100.

Footnote 954:

Trans. Dublin Coll. Physicians, iii. 236.

Footnote 955:

Appendix to his Traité de la Colique Metallique, p. 275.

Footnote 956:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 376, and ix. 180.

Footnote 957:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 495.

Footnote 958:

Fernelius, de Lues Ven. Curat. c. vii.

Footnote 959:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, lxvii. 394.

Footnote 960:

Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 109.

Footnote 961:

Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, 1719, p. 474.

Footnote 962:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 195.

Footnote 963:

London Medical Repository, xvi. 458.

Footnote 964:

Mémoires de l’Acad. de Chirurgie, iv. 154.

Footnote 965:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 46.

Footnote 966:

Diss. Inaug. de Effectibus Liquidorum in vias aëriferas applicatorum, p. 35.

Footnote 967:

Hufeland’s Journal, xlii.

Footnote 968:

Mr. Hill in Edin. Med. Ess. iv. 38.

Footnote 969:

Corvisart’s Journal, xxv. 209.

Footnote 970:

London Journal of Science, x 354.

Footnote 971:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 513, and London Medical and Physical Journal, xxvi. 29.

Footnote 972:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1831, 519.

Footnote 973:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 437.

Footnote 974:

Ibidem, xliv. 26.

Footnote 975:

Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1833, v. 330.

Footnote 976:

Repertorium für die öffentl. und gerichtl. Arzneiwissenschaft, i. 223.

Footnote 977:

Annalen der Gesetz-gebung, iii. 55.

Footnote 978:

Journ. de Physiologie, i.

Footnote 979:

Annals of Philos. xiv. 241, 321.

Footnote 980:

See my Dispensatory, 1842, p. 500.

Footnote 981:

Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, Dec. ii. Ann. vi. Obs. 231.

Footnote 982:

Journal de Médecine, l. 3.

Footnote 983:

Dr. Sigmond in Lancet, 1837–38, i. 228, from Turner’s Treatise on Diseases of the Skin.

Footnote 984:

Ibidem, p. 227.

Footnote 985:

I. 240.

Footnote 986:

Opera Omnia, p. 729.

Footnote 987:

Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 330.

Footnote 988:

Sur l’usage et les Abus des Caustiques. Paris, 1817. Quoted by Wibmer Smith found two drachms kill a dog when swallowed, and half a drachm proved fatal in two dogs when applied to a wound.

Footnote 989:

Lancet, 1836–37, i. 401.

Footnote 990:

London Medical Gazette, xiii. 117.

Footnote 991:

Cours de Médecine-Légale.

Footnote 992:

Handbuch der Toxicologie, 1838, p. 250.

Footnote 993:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 66.

Footnote 994:

Ibidem, iii. 647.

Footnote 995:

Arch. Gén. ix. 102.

Footnote 996:

Thibert, Anatomie Pathologique, extracted in the American Journal. of Med. Science, April, 1842, p. 490.

Footnote 997:

De Medicamentis insecuris et infidis, in Oper. Omn. vi. 314.

Footnote 998:

Miscellanea Curiosa, 1692. Dec. ii. Ann. x. p. 34.

Footnote 999:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 72.

Footnote 1000:

Johnson on Tropical Climates, pp. 45, 151, 267.—Annesley on the Diseases of India.—Musgrave on Mercury, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxviii. 42.

Footnote 1001:

Dr. Fletcher. American Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences, vii. 561.

Footnote 1002:

Miscellanea Curiosa, l. c.

Footnote 1003:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 72.

Footnote 1004:

London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 610.

Footnote 1005:

M. Mialhe in Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Juin, 1842.

Footnote 1006:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 178.

Footnote 1007:

For the documents in this trial I am indebted to my late colleague Dr. Duncan, Junior, who was concerned in it.

Footnote 1008:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 310.

Footnote 1009:

Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote contre le sublimé corrosif, p. 34.

Footnote 1010:

Toxicol. Gén. p. 311.

Footnote 1011:

Taddei, Recherches, &c. p. 92.

Footnote 1012:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 438.

Footnote 1013:

As in Devergie’s Case (Arch. Gén. ix 468), in which they were as big as peas.

Footnote 1014:

Ibidem.

Footnote 1015:

Devergie in Arch. Gén. ix 468.

Footnote 1016:

Sir B. Brodie in Philos. Trans. 1812.

Footnote 1017:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ., xiv. 472, 473.

Footnote 1018:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 618.

Footnote 1019:

Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote, &c. p. 61.

Footnote 1020:

Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 470.

Footnote 1021:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, viii. 268.

Footnote 1022:

Orfila, Traité de Médecine Légale, iii. 134.

Footnote 1023:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 115.

Footnote 1024:

The reader may apply this statement to the trial of Mr. Angus, p. 118.

Footnote 1025:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 151.

Footnote 1026:

Augustin’s Repertorium, B. i. H. ii. 11.

Footnote 1027:

xli. 207.

Footnote 1028:

Journal de Médecine, l. iii. 15, or Recueil Périodique de la Soc. de Méd. vii. 343.

Footnote 1029:

Revue Medicale, 1830, ii.

Footnote 1030:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 313.

Footnote 1031:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxviii. 77.

Footnote 1032:

Dissert. Inaug. p. 36.

Footnote 1033:

See my Dispensatory, p. 518. Dr. Wright’s Thesis on certain points connected with the action of mercury and its salts has not yet been published.

Footnote 1034:

London Med. Repository, xix. 408.

Footnote 1035:

Trans. of Dublin Coll. of Phys. iii. 310.

Footnote 1036:

Journal de Chim. Méd. Mars, 1825.

Footnote 1037:

Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote, &c. p. 26.

Footnote 1038:

Giornale di Fisica, 1826, vi. 170, and Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie ii. 229.

Footnote 1039:

London Medico-Chirurgical Review, v. 612.

Footnote 1040:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, iv. 51.

Footnote 1041:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 427.

Footnote 1042:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, p. 10.

Footnote 1043:

Dr. Hort. American Journal of Med. Science, vi. 540.

Footnote 1044:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 218.

Footnote 1045:

Lond. Med. Repos. N. S. vi. 368.

Footnote 1046:

Lond. Med. Gazette, 1836–37, ii. 144.

Footnote 1047:

Burnett on Criminal Law, 547.

Footnote 1048:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 771.

Footnote 1049:

Dégrange, London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 495.

Footnote 1050:

Falconer on the Poison of Copper, p. 23.

Footnote 1051:

Expériences sur l’Empoisonnement par l’oxyde de Cuivre. Diss. Inaug. Paris, 1802. Quoted in Orfila’s Toxicol. i. 502.

Footnote 1052:

Sur l’usage prétendu dangereux de la vaisselle de cuivre dans nos cuisines. Histoire de l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences de Berlin, 1756, p. 12.

Footnote 1053:

Toxicol. Gén. 1843, i. 612.

Footnote 1054:

Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 460.

Footnote 1055:

Falconer, &c. pp. 48, 98, 110.

Footnote 1056:

Sur l’usage, &c. p. 12.

Footnote 1057:

Falconer, &c. p. 63.

Footnote 1058:

Histoire de l’Acad. de Berlin, 1756, p. 16.

Footnote 1059:

Falconer, &c. p. 79.

Footnote 1060:

Annales de Chimie, lvii. 79, 81.

Footnote 1061:

Practisches Handb. für Physiker, iii. 312, Case 49.

Footnote 1062:

Fabricii Hildani Opera omnia. Genevæ, 1682. De Dysenteria, p. 669.

Footnote 1063:

Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 507.

Footnote 1064:

Trans. London College of Physicians, iii. 80.

Footnote 1065:

On the Poison of Copper, 86.

Footnote 1066:

On the Poison of Copper, 88; also Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 289.

Footnote 1067:

Annales de Chimie, lvii. 80.

Footnote 1068:

On the Poison of Copper, p. 18.

Footnote 1069:

Annales, &c. p. 80.

Footnote 1070:

Medical Observations and Inquiries, ii. 11.

Footnote 1071:

On the Poison of Copper, 106.

Footnote 1072:

Proust, Annales de Chimie, lvii. 83.

Footnote 1073:

Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, p. 77.

Footnote 1074:

Lond. Med. Journal, ii. 411, from Journ. de Méd.

Footnote 1075:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xix. 471.

Footnote 1076:

Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Légale, iii. 342.

Footnote 1077:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 145.

Footnote 1078:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxiii. 236.

Footnote 1079:

Pignant in Journ. de Chim. Méd. viii. 339.

Footnote 1080:

Toxicologie Gén. 1826, i. 510.

Footnote 1081:

Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie, xvi. 340, 436.

Footnote 1082:

Journal de Pharmacie, xvi. 505.

Footnote 1083:

Bulletins de la Société Roy. de Méd. 1838–39, p. 113.

Footnote 1084:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 475.

Footnote 1085:

Ibid. viii. 442, 573.

Footnote 1086:

L’Experience, Avril 27, 1843.

Footnote 1087:

Journal de Chimie Méd. ix. 147.

Footnote 1088:

Ibidem, 1840, p. 28.

Footnote 1089:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 637.

Footnote 1090:

Orfila. Toxic. Gén. i. 511.

Footnote 1091:

ibid. Toxic. i. 513.

Footnote 1092:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 352.

Footnote 1093:

Toxicol. Générale, i. 515.

Footnote 1094:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal. lvi. 110.

Footnote 1095:

Utrum per viventium adhuc anim. membr. et arter. pariet. mat. ponderab. permeare queant, 13.

Footnote 1096:

Ueber die Wirkung des Kupfers auf den thierischen Organismus, in Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxii. 337, 1829.

Footnote 1097:

Ibidem, lxxii. 56.

Footnote 1098:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 475.

Footnote 1099:

Observations sur les effets des vapeurs méphitiques, 437.

Footnote 1100:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 500.

Footnote 1101:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiv. 100.

Footnote 1102:

Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 329.

Footnote 1103:

_Ut supra_, 103, 106.

Footnote 1104:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xviii. 54.

Footnote 1105:

_Ut supra_, 108, 110, 113.

Footnote 1106:

_Ut supra_, xviii. 56.

Footnote 1107:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 309.

Footnote 1108:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 519.

Footnote 1109:

Aufsätze und Beobacht. aus der gericht. Arneiwiss. viii. 85.

Footnote 1110:

Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 308.

Footnote 1111:

Journ. de Chimie Médicale, v. 413.

Footnote 1112:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 253.

Footnote 1113:

Trans. London Coll. Phys. iii. 88.

Footnote 1114:

Quoted by Dr. Thomson in Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 640.

Footnote 1115:

Traité des Maladies des Artizans, p. 78.

Footnote 1116:

Traité de la Colique Métallique, p. 103.

Footnote 1117:

London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 195, 697.

Footnote 1118:

Gangrene could not have taken place in thirteen hours. The appearance must have been black extravasation, which has often been mistaken for gangrene. See page 267.

Footnote 1119:

Portal sur les effets des vapeurs méphitiques, 436, 439.

Footnote 1120:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 530.

Footnote 1121:

Dict. des Sciences Médicales, vii. 564.

Footnote 1122:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 534.

Footnote 1123:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 535.

Footnote 1124:

Ibidem, i. 539.

Footnote 1125:

Ibidem, i. 540.

Footnote 1126:

Ibidem, i. 541.

Footnote 1127:

Journal de Pharmacie, xviii. 570.

Footnote 1128:

London Medico-Chirurgical Review, v. 611.

Footnote 1129:

Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 206.

Footnote 1130:

Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 466.

Footnote 1131:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 71.

Footnote 1132:

Ibid, xxviii. 71.

Footnote 1133:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840.

Footnote 1134:

Memoire sur l’Emétique, or Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 469.

Footnote 1135:

De Effectibus liquidorum, &c. p. 32.

Footnote 1136:

Diss. Inaug. de Venenis Mineral. Edin. 1813. P. 23.

Footnote 1137:

Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratiques, Art. Antimoine, iii. 69.

Footnote 1138:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, p. 291, and Orfila, Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 475.

Footnote 1139:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 427.

Footnote 1140:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxviii. 107, from Comptes Rendus de l’Institut.

Footnote 1141:

Orfila, Toxicol, i. 74.

Footnote 1142:

Ibid. i. 478.

Footnote 1143:

Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, xvii. 243.

Footnote 1144:

Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, 205, from Casper’s Wochenschrift.

Footnote 1145:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 227.

Footnote 1146:

Laennec, Auscultation Médiate, i. 493.

Footnote 1147:

On the Nature and Treatment of Cholera, p. 24.

Footnote 1148:

Mr. Greenwood, Lancet, 1835–36, ii. 142.

Footnote 1149:

Renauld in Journ. Univ. des Sciences Médicales, xvii. 120.

Footnote 1150:

Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. ii. 386.

Footnote 1151:

Ibidem, v. 81.

Footnote 1152:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Med. xxvi. 221.

Footnote 1153:

Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. iv. 79.

Footnote 1154:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, iv.

Footnote 1155:

Lond. Med. Repos, xvi. 357.

Footnote 1156:

London Medical Gazette, xii. 496.

Footnote 1157:

Lohmerer in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 629.

Footnote 1158:

Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 480.

Footnote 1159:

De Medicamentis Venenorum vim habentibus. Opera Omnia, T. 1. p. ii. 213.

Footnote 1160:

Diss. Inaug. de Effectibus liquidorum, &c. p. 32.

Footnote 1161:

Archives Générales de Médecine, xlvii. 364.

Footnote 1162:

Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 475.

Footnote 1163:

Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, vi. 259.

Footnote 1164:

Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1840, vi. 140.

Footnote 1165:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 209.

Footnote 1166:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 555.

Footnote 1167:

Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 346.

Footnote 1168:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, ii. 415.

Footnote 1169:

Toxicol. Gén. 1843, ii. 10.

Footnote 1170:

Recherches Chimiques sur l’Etain, Paris, 1781.

Footnote 1171:

See Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, v. 168.

Footnote 1172:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 5.

Footnote 1173:

Medical Times, Oct. 9, 1841.

Footnote 1174:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 119.

Footnote 1175:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 581.

Footnote 1176:

De Effect. Liquid. ad vias aëriferas applic. Tübingæ, 1816, p. 33.

Footnote 1177:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vii. 2. Journal der Practischen Heilkunde, Juli, 1824.

Footnote 1178:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung, &c. i. 212, from Rust und Casper’s Kritische Repertorium, xix. 454.

Footnote 1179:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 351.

Footnote 1180:

Ibid. 1843, p. 348.

Footnote 1181:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 430.

Footnote 1182:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 434.

Footnote 1183:

Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 593.

Footnote 1184:

Magendie, Formulaire pour les nouveaux Médicamens.

Footnote 1185:

Toxicol. 241.

Footnote 1186:

Medicina Rationalis Syst. ii. c. 8. Sect. 12.

Footnote 1187:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 501.

Footnote 1188:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 344.

Footnote 1189:

Bulletins des Sciences Méd. xx. 188. From the Heidelberg Klinische Annalen, also Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 416.

Footnote 1190:

Versuche über die Wirkungen des Baryts, Strontians, Chrom, &c. auf den thierischen Organismus. 1824.

Footnote 1191:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 387.

Footnote 1192:

London Medical Gazette, 1843–44, ii.

Footnote 1193:

Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxvi. 133.

Footnote 1194:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p, 353.

Footnote 1195:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 569.

Footnote 1196:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 110.

Footnote 1197:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 353.

Footnote 1198:

Médecine Légale, iv. 165.

Footnote 1199:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, vi. 17.

Footnote 1200:

Orfila, Tox. i. 573.

Footnote 1201:

Journal Gén. de Médecine, lvi. 22.

Footnote 1202:

Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 122.

Footnote 1203:

Horn’s Archiv, 1824, ii. 259.

Footnote 1204:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxvii. 317, and xxxiii. 104.

Footnote 1205:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxiii. 164.

Footnote 1206:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 563.

Footnote 1207:

Annales de Chimie, lxxxvi. 59.

Footnote 1208:

Orfila’s Toxicologie, i. 567, from the Procès-verbal of the public meeting of the Society of Liége in 1813.

Footnote 1209:

See Dr. Babington’s Paper in Guy’s Hospital Reports, vi. 16.

Footnote 1210:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 389, from Casper’s Wochenschrift.

Footnote 1211:

Aufsätze und Beob. ii. 12.

Footnote 1212:

Versuche über die Wirkung des Baryts, &c.

Footnote 1213:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 44.

Footnote 1214:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 247.

Footnote 1215:

I shall take an early opportunity, with the permission of Messrs Dewar, of publishing some of the details of these two cases, which are most interesting in various respects.

Footnote 1216:

Versuche über die Wirkung des Baryts, &c. Heidelberg, 1824.

Footnote 1217:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii.

Footnote 1218:

British Annals of Medicine, i. 41.

Footnote 1219:

Ibidem, 132.

Footnote 1220:

Schubarth, Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 101.

Footnote 1221:

See a paper by myself in Edinburgh Royal Society Trans., 1842, xv. 276, 274.

Footnote 1222:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxviii. 125.

Footnote 1223:

Mem. de l’Acad. des Sc. 1787, 281, sur les vins lithargyriés.

Footnote 1224:

Vitruv. de Architectura, L. viii. c. 7, Quot modis ducantur aquæ. Editio Dun. Barbari, 1567, pp. 262, 265.

Footnote 1225:

De Medic. secundum locos, lvii.

Footnote 1226:

Researches into the Properties of Spring Waters, 1803, p. 193.

Footnote 1227:

Annales de Chim. lxxi. 197, l’an 1809.

Footnote 1228:

Experiments in Scudamore’s analysis of Tunbridge Water, 1816.

Footnote 1229:

A Treatise on Poisons, &c. First Edition, 1829.

Footnote 1230:

Philosophical Magazine. Third Series, v. 81, 1834.

Footnote 1231:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 60.

Footnote 1232:

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1842, xv. 265.

Footnote 1233:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 657.

Footnote 1234:

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, xv. 265.

Footnote 1235:

The statement here given of these phenomena is somewhat different from what is contained in the last edition of this work. The present account is derived from ulterior experiments, partly published in my paper in the Edinburgh Transactions. The discrepancies formerly prevailing between my own researches and those of Captain Yorke are now completely reconciled.

Footnote 1236:

Journal de Chim. Méd. ix 714.

Footnote 1237:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iv. 55. 1830.

Footnote 1238:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, ix. 716. This adulteration has likewise since then attracted attention in London. See British Annals of Medicine, 1837, i. 15.

Footnote 1239:

Annales de Chimie, lxxi. 197.

Footnote 1240:

In distilled water containing a 12,000th of anhydrous _arseniate of soda_ three lead rods weighing 71·235 grains became in thirty-three days 71·240; in a solution of a 15,000th the lead, though slightly whitened, retained its weight exactly, weighing at the end, as at the beginning, of the experiment 62·622 grains. In distilled water containing a 35,000th of anhydrous _phosphate of soda_, three lead rods, which weighed together 73·949 grains, became in thirty-two days 73·946; and in a comparative experiment with a solution containing a 27,000th they gained 0·015.

Footnote 1241:

Sometimes, however, a minute trace of white powder is attached to the bottom of the glass wherever the lead touches it. This is carbonate of lead at first, and afterwards a mixture like that described in the text.

Footnote 1242:

Mr. Morson in Pharmaceutic Journal, ii. 355.

Footnote 1243:

On Spring Waters, p. 23.

Footnote 1244:

Tronchin de Col. Pict. 66.—1757.

Footnote 1245:

De la Colique Métallique, 99, from Wanstroostwyk de l’Electricité Médicale, p. 224.

Footnote 1246:

Appendix to Dr. Scudamore’s Analysis of the Mineral Water of Tunbridge, p. 51.

Footnote 1247:

Some effect may perhaps be also owing to a difference between the proportion of saline matter contained in the water of the Crawley spring, which has been introduced into the city since Dr. Thomson resided here, and the proportion in the water with which the city was at that time supplied, I am not aware, however, of the difference between them, or that any material difference does exist.

Footnote 1248:

Trans. of London College of Physicians, ii. 400.

Footnote 1249:

Hints on a mode of procuring Soft Water at Tunbridge—Journal of Science, xiv. 352.

Footnote 1250:

Scudamore’s Pamphlet—Appendix—_passim_.

Footnote 1251:

Ibidem, p. 47.

Footnote 1252:

Edinburgh Royal Society Transactions, xv. 265.

Footnote 1253:

On Spring Waters, p. 14.

Footnote 1254:

Ibidem, 116.

Footnote 1255:

De la Colique Métallique, p. 98.

Footnote 1256:

Dr. Duncan’s Medical Commentaries, xix. 313.

Footnote 1257:

Comment. ad Boerhaave. § 1060, T. iii. 347. Edit. Lugd. Batav. 1753.

Footnote 1258:

Scudamore on the Analysis of Tunbridge Water, Appendix, 51, 53.

Footnote 1259:

Rozier. Observations sur la Physique, xiii. 145.

Footnote 1260:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 111.

Footnote 1261:

Ann. de Chim. lvii. 82.

Footnote 1262:

Zoonomia, ii. 130.

Footnote 1263:

Trans. of London College of Physicians, iii. 227.

Footnote 1264:

On the Diseases of the Army in Jamaica, p. 269.

Footnote 1265:

Philosophical Magazine, liv. 229.

Footnote 1266:

Trans. of London College of Physicians, i. 216.

Footnote 1267:

On the Cause of the Endemical Colic of Devonshire. Transactions of the London Coll. of Phys., i. ii. and iii.

Footnote 1268:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 104.

Footnote 1269:

Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 319.

Footnote 1270:

Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, 1827, xiii. 151.

Footnote 1271:

Mérat de la Colique Métallique.

Footnote 1272:

Diss. Inaug. sur la Collique de Madrid. Analyzed in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 208.

Footnote 1273:

Hohnbaum, &c. p. 157.

Footnote 1274:

Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 194.

Footnote 1275:

Note in an Essay by his Son,—Ueber Vergiftung durch Käse. Horn’s Archiv. 1828, i. 83.

Footnote 1276:

Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 216.

Footnote 1277:

Cockelius, Acta, &c. Dec. i. An. iv. Obs. 30. Brunnerus, Ibidem, Obs. 92. Vicarius, Ibidem, Obs. 100. Riselius, Ibidem, Dec. i. An. v. Obs. 251.

Footnote 1278:

Paris and Fonblanque’s Med. Jurisprudence, ii. 347.

Footnote 1279:

De la Colique Métallique, 212.

Footnote 1280:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 616.

Footnote 1281:

Dr. Macculloch on the Art of Wine-making, in Edin. Horticultural Mem. i. 134.

Footnote 1282:

Sur les Vins lithargyriés Mém. de l’Académie, 1787, p. 280.

Footnote 1283:

Journal Gén. de Médecine, xliv. 321.

Footnote 1284:

Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, viii. 213.

Footnote 1285:

Dehaen, Ratio Medendi, P. x. c. viii. § 1.

Footnote 1286:

Repertory of Arts, First Series, viii. 262.

Footnote 1287:

Trans. of Lond. Med. Society, i., or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 211.

Footnote 1288:

The precipitate formed by the acetate of lead with albumen is dissolved by nitric acid. From that formed with milk the acid removes the oxide of lead entirely, leaving the casein.

Footnote 1289:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 339.

Footnote 1290:

Toxicologie Générale, i. 630.

Footnote 1291:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvii. 117.

Footnote 1292:

Journal de Physiologie, i. 284.

Footnote 1293:

Diss. Inaug. p. 27.

Footnote 1294:

De Effectibus liquidorum in vias aëriferas, &c. p. 43.

Footnote 1295:

De effectu plumbi in organismo animali sano, &c. auctore Carol. Wibmer. Monachii, 1829, p. 29.

Footnote 1296:

Treatise on Poisons, Edition 1836, p. 509.

Footnote 1297:

Bulletin de l’Académie Roy. de Méd. 1840, vi. 283, and Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 668, 684.

Footnote 1298:

Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 344.

Footnote 1299:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 175.

Footnote 1300:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 106.

Footnote 1301:

London Med. Chir. Trans., 1842, xxv. 115.

Footnote 1302:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 463, xxiv. 180.

Footnote 1303:

Ibidem, xxi. 164.

Footnote 1304:

L’Experience, Avril 27, 1843.

Footnote 1305:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 670.

Footnote 1306:

Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 328.

Footnote 1307:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine.

Footnote 1308:

Krüger in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xi. 535.

Footnote 1309:

Lancet, 1838, i. 786.

Footnote 1310:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 690.

Footnote 1311:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 189.

Footnote 1312:

Experimental Inquiry on Iodine, p. 140.

Footnote 1313:

London Medical Gazette, v. 538.

Footnote 1314:

Lond. Med. Repos. N. S. vi. 368.

Footnote 1315:

Comment. 1060, T. iii. p 347. Editio Dan Barbari.

Footnote 1316:

Trans. Coll. Phys. London, iii. 426.

Footnote 1317:

Journal Universel, xx. 351.

Footnote 1318:

Bulletin de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. 1840, vi. 283.

Footnote 1319:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 186.

Footnote 1320:

London Medical Repository, 1824, N. S. iii. 37.

Footnote 1321:

Edinburgh, Phys. and Lit. Essays, i.

Footnote 1322:

Traité des Maladies de Plomb. 1843.

Footnote 1323:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, 1, 687.

Footnote 1324:

Mérat de la Colique Métallique, 51.

Footnote 1325:

Ibid., p. 55.

Footnote 1326:

Tronchin de Colica Pictonum. Genevæ, 1757.

Footnote 1327:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 111.

Footnote 1328:

Louis, Recherches Pathologiques

Footnote 1329:

London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 158.

Footnote 1330:

British Annals of Medicine, i. 145.

Footnote 1331:

London Med.-Chir. Transactions, xxii. 82.

Footnote 1332:

Lancet, 1838–39, i. 65.

Footnote 1333:

Reports of Medical Cases, p. 394.

Footnote 1334:

Lambe on Spring Waters, p. 71.

Footnote 1335:

Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, Mars, 1839.

Footnote 1336:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 106.

Footnote 1337:

Transactions of London Coll. of Phys. i. 236, 301, 304.

Footnote 1338:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1837, iv. 426.

Footnote 1339:

Lancet, Dec. 31, 1842.

Footnote 1340:

Trans. of Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 311.

Footnote 1341:

Ibid. iii. 435.

Footnote 1342:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, 1838, i. 353.

Footnote 1343:

Ibid., liv. 106.

Footnote 1344:

London Medical Gazette, April, 1843.

Footnote 1345:

On the Poison of Lead, p. 22.

Footnote 1346:

De la Colique Métallique.

Footnote 1347:

De Colica Pictonum, p. 56.

Footnote 1348:

Ibid. p. 65.

Footnote 1349:

De la Colique Métallique, p. 23.

Footnote 1350:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 328.

Footnote 1351:

Ibid. _passim_.

Footnote 1352:

Calcineur,—a calciner of gypsum, I believe.

Footnote 1353:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xix. 23, xxv. 543, xxviii. 226.

Footnote 1354:

Journal Universel, xx. 353.

Footnote 1355:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 149.

Footnote 1356:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Médecine.

Footnote 1357:

British Annals of Medicine, i. 205.

Footnote 1358:

De la Colique Métallique, p 213.

Footnote 1359:

Trans. of Lond. Med. Society, 1810, or Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. viii. 211.

Footnote 1360:

Tronchin de Colica Pict. p. 117.

Footnote 1361:

De effectibus liquidorum ad vias aërif. applic. p. 43.

Footnote 1362:

British Annals of Medicine, i. 205.

Footnote 1363:

Trans. of Lond. Coll. of Physicians, i. 469.

Footnote 1364:

Trans. of Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 317.

Footnote 1365:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 234.

Footnote 1366:

London Med. Chir. Transactions, 1839, xxii. 87.

Footnote 1367:

Traité des Maladies de Plomb, 1839, and Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxviii. 232.

Footnote 1368:

Trans. of London Coll. of Phys., ii. 83.

Footnote 1369:

Transactions Médicales, 1832, or, Annales d’Hygiène, 1841, xxv. 463, and xxvi. 543.

Footnote 1370:

Annales d’Hygiène, xxv. 466.

Footnote 1371:

Clark, in Edin. Med. Comment, xi. 102. Berger, in Horn’s Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, xi. 344. London Med. and Phys. Journ. xxvi. 46.

Footnote 1372:

Ratio Medendi, P. I. c. ix. de Variis.

Footnote 1373:

Trans. of London Coll. of Phys. ii. 457.

Footnote 1374:

Ed. Phys. and Lit. Ess. i. 521.

Footnote 1375:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxv. 466.

Footnote 1376:

Archives Gén de Médecine, xli. 136.

Footnote 1377:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xv. 22.

Footnote 1378:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xv. 36.

Footnote 1379:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xix. 14.

Footnote 1380:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique. 1842, xxviii. 217.

Footnote 1381:

Philosophical Transactions, 1812, p. 218.

Footnote 1382:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 208.

Footnote 1383:

Versuche über die Wirkungen, &c.

Footnote 1384:

Diss. Inaug. de effectibus liquidorum ad vias aërif. applic. p. 30.

Footnote 1385:

Nicholson’s Journal, First Series, i. 529.

Footnote 1386:

Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ., lvi. 114.

Footnote 1387:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 213.

Footnote 1388:

Observations sur la Strontiane. Ann. de Chimie, xxi. 119.

Footnote 1389:

Diss. Inaug. de venenis Mineralibus, p. 31.

Footnote 1390:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxix. 425.

Footnote 1391:

Ibidem, xxviii. 216.

Footnote 1392:

Journal of Science, iv. 382.

Footnote 1393:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, 1835, xxx. 1.

Footnote 1394:

Medical Commentaries, xix. 267.

Footnote 1395:

London Medical Gazette, 1833–34, ii. 487.

Footnote 1396:

Parkes’s Chemical Essays, ii. 219.

Footnote 1397:

Essay on Poisons, p. 143.

Footnote 1398:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 216.

Footnote 1399:

Observations sur la Strontiane, Annales de Chimie, xxi. 119.

Footnote 1400:

Versuche über die Wirkungen, &c.

Footnote 1401:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. lvi. 113.

Footnote 1402:

Toxicol. Gén. i. _passim_.

Footnote 1403:

Supplement to Dr. Duncan’s Dispensatory, p. 53.

Footnote 1404:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, vi. 175.

Footnote 1405:

Ibidem, xxxvii. 203.

Footnote 1406:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 710.

Footnote 1407:

Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 341.

Footnote 1408:

Phil. Trans. 1760, li. 662.

Footnote 1409:

Journal of Science, iii. 51.

Footnote 1410:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 79.

Footnote 1411:

Edin. Med. and Surg Journal, xlix. 488.

Footnote 1412:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 712.

Footnote 1413:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 713.

Footnote 1414:

Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 615.

Footnote 1415:

Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 671.

Footnote 1416:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. 714.

Footnote 1417:

Botanical Arrangement, ii. 501. Stokes’s Edition.

Footnote 1418:

See on this subject Deyeux in Ann. de Chim. lxxiii. 106. Boutron-Charlard et Henri, in Journal de Pharmacie, x. 466. Bussy et Lecanu, ibid. xii. 481.

Footnote 1419:

Tractatus de Venenis in Opp. I. i. 308, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. 128.

Footnote 1420:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 224.

Footnote 1421:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 706.

Footnote 1422:

Ibidem, i. 715.

Footnote 1423:

Mr. Bennet in London Medical Gazette, ix. 7.

Footnote 1424:

Med. Facts and Observations, vii. 293.

Footnote 1425:

Journal de Pharmacie, xxii. 118.

Footnote 1426:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. i. 343.

Footnote 1427:

Ibidem, i. 483.

Footnote 1428:

Flora Médicale des Antilles, iii. 14.

Footnote 1429:

Flore Médicale des Antilles, iii. 27.

Footnote 1430:

Landsberg. Therapeutische und Toxikologische Würdigung der Grana Tiglii. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1831, 565.

Footnote 1431:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1839, 509.

Footnote 1432:

Journal de Pharmacie, iv. 289.

Footnote 1433:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 679.

Footnote 1434:

Nouv. Bibliothèque Medicale, Mai, 1827, p. 221.

Footnote 1435:

Neues Magazin. i. 3, p. 557.

Footnote 1436:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 680.

Footnote 1437:

Journal de Pharmacie, x. 416.

Footnote 1438:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 691.

Footnote 1439:

Observat. Medicinales, iv. c. 27, p. 218.

Footnote 1440:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 695.

Footnote 1441:

London Courier, Sept. 9, 1823.

Footnote 1442:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 695.

Footnote 1443:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique et de Méd. Lég. viii. 333.

Footnote 1444:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 339.

Footnote 1445:

Journal of the Royal Institution, i. 532.

Footnote 1446:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 754.

Footnote 1447:

Toxicologie Gén. i. 754.

Footnote 1448:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 273.

Footnote 1449:

Histoire des Plantes Vénéneuses de la France, p. 178.

Footnote 1450:

Ibidem, 180.

Footnote 1451:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxviii. 346.

Footnote 1452:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 17.

Footnote 1453:

Historia Stirpium Helvet.

Footnote 1454:

Rust’s Magazin für die Gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 451.

Footnote 1455:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys xii. 358.

Footnote 1456:

Schweigger’s Journal der Chimie, xxv. 369.

Footnote 1457:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 739.

Footnote 1458:

Ibidem, 741.

Footnote 1459:

Journal de Chim. Méd. v. 567.

Footnote 1460:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 703.

Footnote 1461:

Lancet, 1837–38, i. 44.

Footnote 1462:

Hist. des Plantes Venen. de la Suisse, p. 140.

Footnote 1463:

Flora Suecica, No. 338.

Footnote 1464:

Withering’s Arrangement, i. 403, Stokes’s Edition.

Footnote 1465:

Descourtils. Flora Médicale des Antilles, iii. 57.

Footnote 1466:

Buchner’s Repertorium, lxviii. 80.

Footnote 1467:

Toxicologie Gén. ii.

Footnote 1468:

Horn’s Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1824, i. 65.

Footnote 1469:

Die Wirkung der Arzneim. und Gifte, ii. 388.

Footnote 1470:

Acta Curios. Nat. Dec. I. Ann. viii. p. 139.

Footnote 1471:

Trial of Webb. Lond. Med. Gaz. xiv. 612. Inquest on Rebecca Cross. Ibidem, 759. Case by Drs. Labatt and Stokes. Dublin Journ. of Med. and Chem. Science, iv. 237.

Footnote 1472:

Analysis by Mr. West in the first of these cases.

Footnote 1473:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1839, iii. 41.

Footnote 1474:

Toxicol. Gén. i. 744.

Footnote 1475:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxvii.

Footnote 1476:

Dissertation Inaugurale, quoted in Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 683.

Footnote 1477:

Tox. Gén. i. 758. The drug must have been much adulterated, as it very generally is; for half a scruple is an active purgative to man.

Footnote 1478:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 724.

Footnote 1479:

Méd. Légale, iv. 430.

Footnote 1480:

Ibid. iv. 431.

Footnote 1481:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 191.

Footnote 1482:

Annales de Chimie, lxxvi.

Footnote 1483:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 347.

Footnote 1484:

Revue Medicale, 1828, ii. 475.

Footnote 1485:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 4.

Footnote 1486:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 344.

Footnote 1487:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 28.

Footnote 1488:

Annales de la Med. Physiologique, Octobre, 1829—extracted in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiv. 214.

Footnote 1489:

London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, i. 63.

Footnote 1490:

Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 2, 112.

Footnote 1491:

See an interesting case in Memorie della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, p. 29.

Footnote 1492:

Graaf’s Cases, and Rouquayrol’s.

Footnote 1493:

Lib. xxi. des Venins.

Footnote 1494:

See the case in Memorie della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, p. 29.

Footnote 1495:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 23.

Footnote 1496:

Hufeland’s Journal, lii. 2, 114.

Footnote 1497:

Mem. dell’ Acad. de Torino, 1802–3.

Footnote 1498:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 30.

Footnote 1499:

Medizinische-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1834, iv. 298, from American Journal of Medical Science.

Footnote 1500:

Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 228.

Footnote 1501:

Medical Jurisprudence, 574, from New York Med. and Phys. Journal.

Footnote 1502:

Mem. della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, 29.

Footnote 1503:

Report of the Coroner’s Inquest in Standard Newspaper, Jan. 1841.

Footnote 1504:

Archiv. für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, i. 61–64.

Footnote 1505:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 383.

Footnote 1506:

Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 475.

Footnote 1507:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 109.

Footnote 1508:

Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 184.

Footnote 1509:

Cuvier, Règne Animal, v. 63.

Footnote 1510:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, iv. 393.

Footnote 1511:

Memoirs of the London Medical Society, v. 94.

Footnote 1512:

Edin. Philos. Journal., i. 194.

Footnote 1513:

Lond. Med. Repository, iii. 445.

Footnote 1514:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 86.

Footnote 1515:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 37.

Footnote 1516:

Médecine Légale, iv. 85.

Footnote 1517:

1er Mars, 1812; 1er Octobre, 1812; 21 Mars, 1813; Avril, 1813.

Footnote 1518:

De Mytilorum quorundam veneno,—Acta Physico-Medica Acad.—Cæsareo-Leopoldino-Carol. &c. 1744. Appendix, p. 124.

Footnote 1519:

De Mytilorum, &c. p. 115.

Footnote 1520:

Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 88.

Footnote 1521:

Voyage of Discovery, ii. 285.

Footnote 1522:

Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 44.

Footnote 1523:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 360.

Footnote 1524:

De Mytilorum, &c. p. 117, 121, 124.

Footnote 1525:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 45.

Footnote 1526:

De Mytilorum, &c. p 134.

Footnote 1527:

Journal de Pharmacie, v. 25, from Essai Medical sur les huitres.

Footnote 1528:

London Med. Repository, xiii. 58.

Footnote 1529:

Trans. London Coll. of Phys. v. 109.

Footnote 1530:

Journal de Pharmacie, v. 509.

Footnote 1531:

For a severe case, not fatal, occurring in Kent, see London Medical Gazette, xii. 464.

Footnote 1532:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 155.

Footnote 1533:

Bulletins des Sciences Medicales, x. 92.

Footnote 1534:

Ibidem, xx. 195.

Footnote 1535:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, 1829, ii. iv. 120.

Footnote 1536:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 361.

Footnote 1537:

Robineau-Devoidy in Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 626.

Footnote 1538:

Giornale di Fisica. ix. 458, and Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. iii. 639.

Footnote 1539:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii.; Phil. Trans. 1810.

Footnote 1540:

Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 200.

Footnote 1541:

Journal de Médecine, 1765.

Footnote 1542:

Gazette de Santé, 1776.

Footnote 1543:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, xi. 30.

Footnote 1544:

Trans. of Med. and Phys. Soc. of Calcutta, iv. 442.

Footnote 1545:

Histoire d’une Maladie très-singulière, &c. in Hist. de l’Académie des Sciences, 1766, i. 97.

Footnote 1546:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 342.

Footnote 1547:

Dr. Duncan’s Cases of Diffuse Inflammation of the cellular texture—in Edin. Med. Chirurg. Trans. i. 455, 470, 1824. Also,

Footnote 1548:

Mr. Travers on Constitutional Irritation, 1826.

Footnote 1549:

Rust’s Magazin, xxiv. 490. Also Annali Univ. di Med. 1811, iii. 449.

Footnote 1550:

Ibidem, xxv. 108.

Footnote 1551:

Kopp’s Jahrbuch, v. 67, and vi. 95.

Footnote 1552:

Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 105.

Footnote 1553:

Revue Médicale, 1827, ii. 488.

Footnote 1554:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, liv. iii. 62.

Footnote 1555:

Magazin der Ausländischen Literatur, iii. 460, v. 168.

Footnote 1556:

I have taken the liberty of applying this term to an establishment unique perhaps in the history of the world. The Voirie et Chantier d’Ecarrissage of Montfaucon, which has existed close to the walls of Paris for several centuries, is an enclosure of many acres, where the contents of the necessaries of the city are collected in enormous pits, and where horses, dogs, and cats are flayed to the amount of forty or fifty thousand annually. The fat is melted for blowpipe lamps; the bones are in a great measure burnt on the premises for fuel; the intestines are made into coarse gut for machinery; the flesh, blood, and garbage are heaped to putrefy for manure; and in summer a bed of compost is spread to breed maggots for feeding poultry. There is no drain. Description cannot convey an idea of the stench. The committee of the Board of Health, appointed to make inquiries into the best mode of abating the nuisance, in vain attempted to penetrate into the place. Yet the workmen and their families are stout, healthy, and long lived.

Footnote 1557:

Des Chantiers d’Ecarrissage. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 139. Sur l’enfouissement des Animaux morts de maladies contagieuses. Ibid. ix. 109.

Footnote 1558:

Journal de Physiologie, ii. 1, and iii. 81.

Footnote 1559:

Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, vi. 181.

Footnote 1560:

Journal de Physiologie, iii. 85.

Footnote 1561:

De divers accidens graves occasionnés par les miasmes d’animaux en putréfaction. Mém. de la Soc. de Med. i. 97.—London Med. Chirurg. Review, vi. 202.

Footnote 1562:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Med. Légale, vii. 216.

Footnote 1563:

Ibidem, viii. and ix. _ut supra_.

Footnote 1564:

Dr. Duncan, Edin. Med. Chirurg. Trans. i. 502 and 520.

Footnote 1565:

Neue Beobachtungen über die Vergiftungen durch dens genuss geraücherten Würste. Tübingen, 1820.—Das Fettgift, oder die Fettsaüre, und ihre Wirkungen auf den thierischen Organismus. Tübingen, 1822.

Footnote 1566:

De Veneni Botulini viribus et natura. Diss. Inaug. Berolini, 1828.

Footnote 1567:

De Veneno in Botulis. Commentatio in certamine lit. a gratioso Med. Ord. Berol. Præmio ornata, 1828. Analyzed by Dr. Arrowsmith in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 28.

Footnote 1568:

Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 558.

Footnote 1569:

Röser, in London Med. Gazette, 1842–43, i. 271.

Footnote 1570:

Weiss, die neuste Vergift. durch Verdorbene Würste, &c. mit Vorrede und Anhang begleitet, von Dr. J. Kerner. Carlsruhe, 1821.

Footnote 1571:

Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 596.

Footnote 1572:

Toxicologie, Zweite Auff. 1829, p. 136.

Footnote 1573:

Das Wurst-fett-gift. oder neue Untersuchung, &c. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 30 and 75.

Footnote 1574:

Hufeland’s Journal, lvii. 2, 106.

Footnote 1575:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 247.

Footnote 1576:

Die Chemische Ausmittelung des Käsegifts. Horn’s Archiv, 1827, i. 203.

Footnote 1577:

Ueber die Vergiftung durch Käse. Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 65.

Footnote 1578:

Ann. de Chimie et de Physique, xxxvi. 159.

Footnote 1579:

Archives Gén. xv. 460.

Footnote 1580:

Rust’s Magazin, xxvii. 193.

Footnote 1581:

Horn’s Archiv. 1828, i. 76.

Footnote 1582:

Rust’s Magazin, xvi. 111.

Footnote 1583:

London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 68.

Footnote 1584:

Orfila, Médecine-Légale, ii. 322.

Footnote 1585:

Archives Gén. de Méd.

Footnote 1586:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. viii. 726.

Footnote 1587:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 234.

Footnote 1588:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 413.

Footnote 1589:

Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, 872.

Footnote 1590:

Journal of the Institution, ii. 414, from Hufeland Journal.

Footnote 1591:

Bulletins des Sciences Méd. xx. 197.

Footnote 1592:

London Med. Gazette, xiv. 656.

Footnote 1593:

London Med. Repository, Third Series, iii. 372.

Footnote 1594:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xlvi. 293.

Footnote 1595:

London Medical and Physical Journal, xxxv. 100.

Footnote 1596:

Observations on Surgery. 276.

Footnote 1597:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xii. 52.

Footnote 1598:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 188.

Footnote 1599:

Sur les Blessures par armes de guerre, i. 82. Also, Lond. Med. Gaz. 1838–39, ii 799.

Footnote 1600:

London Med. Gazette, 1836–37, ii. 275.

Footnote 1601:

Ueber den Selbstmord, p. 168, from Schmucker’s Vermischte Chirurgische Schriften.

Footnote 1602:

Diss. Inaug., Paris, 1810. Analyzed in Sedillot’s Journal de Méd. xxxix. 331.

Footnote 1603:

Saggi scient. e litter. dell’ Acad. di Padova, T. iii. P. ii. p. 1, quoted in Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 196.

Footnote 1604:

Meyan, Causes Célèbres. Edit. 2, 1808. T. ii. 324, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 298.

Footnote 1605:

Ann. d’Hyg. Pub. et de Méd. Lég. iii. 365.

Footnote 1606:

Midland Medical and Surgical Reporter, i. 47, 1828.

Footnote 1607:

Instruction sur le Traitement des Asphyxiés, &c. p. 118.

Footnote 1608:

Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 233.

Footnote 1609:

Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiii. 372.

Footnote 1610:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xii. 1.

Footnote 1611:

Philosophical Transactions, xlix. 477, 483.

Footnote 1612:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 549.

Footnote 1613:

Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 397.

Footnote 1614:

London Med. Gazette, 1837–38, i. 177.

Footnote 1615:

London Courier, Oct. 1, 1828.

Footnote 1616:

London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 559.

Footnote 1617:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 265.

Footnote 1618:

Ibidem, vi. 458.

Footnote 1619:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 616, or Journ. de Chim. Méd. v. 621, and vi. 63.

Footnote 1620:

Journal de Pharmacie, xvi. 322, or Journ. de Chim. Méd. vi. 263.

Footnote 1621:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, viii. 25.

Footnote 1622:

Journal de Chim. Med. iv. 275.

Footnote 1623:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Med. Légale, i. 235.

Footnote 1624:

Dictionnaire de Méd. et Chirurg. Pratiques, v. 124.

Footnote 1625:

Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, p. 70.

Footnote 1626:

Beiträge zur Gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iii. 40.

Footnote 1627:

London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvii. 181.

Footnote 1628:

Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, 212.

Footnote 1629:

Ibidem, p. 214.

Footnote 1630:

Instances of congestive apoplexy thus arising were then quoted. I may here add a very apposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy, occurring in similar circumstances. Dr. Jennings, an American physician, mentions the case of a female fifty years of age, who, after a full meal, tumbled down in a fit of insensibility and immediately expired, and in whom after death there was found enormous distension of the stomach with food, an extensive effusion of blood into the central parts of the brain, and ossification of the cerebral arteries. (London Med. Gazette, xvi. 735.)

Footnote 1631:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 170.

Footnote 1632:

Rochoux, Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, 66.

Footnote 1633:

Recherches sur le Ramollissement du Cerveau, p. 150.

Footnote 1634:

Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain, p. 210.

Footnote 1635:

Recherches Pathologiques, 460, 466, and 472.

Footnote 1636:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiii. 260.

Footnote 1637:

Journal de Médecine, xiii. 315.

Footnote 1638:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 262.

Footnote 1639:

London Med. Gazette, xi. 777.

Footnote 1640:

Recherches sur le Ramollissement du Cerveau, p. 133 and 135.

Footnote 1641:

Pathological Researches, 214.

Footnote 1642:

Beiträge zur gerichtl. Arzneik. ii. 61, iii. 42, iv. 42.

Footnote 1643:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 240, 242, 244.

Footnote 1644:

Pathological Researches, 216.

Footnote 1645:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1841, xxvi. 399.

Footnote 1646:

Article Epilepsie in Dictionnaire de Médecine, viii. 209.

Footnote 1647:

Diction. de Med. xii. 512.

Footnote 1648:

Georget, _in loco cit._ 212.

Footnote 1649:

The body in this case was not examined.

Footnote 1650:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, x. 40.

Footnote 1651:

Esquirol, Dict. des Sciences Méd. xii. 528.

Footnote 1652:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xiii. 315, and xl. 81; also Prost, la Médecine éclairée par l’ouverture des cadavres, ii. 382, 389, 394.

Footnote 1653:

Nouveau Journal de Médecine, ii. 269.

Footnote 1654:

Journal Hebdomadaire et Universel, iv. 366.

Footnote 1655:

Portal, Observations sur la nature et le traitement de l’Epilepsie, p. 65 and 67.

Footnote 1656:

Memorie della Soc. Méd. di Genova, i. 89.

Footnote 1657:

Portal, _passim_.

Footnote 1658:

On Diseases of the Brain and Spine, Cases 18, 19, 20.

Footnote 1659:

On Chronic Inflammation of the Brain, Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv.

Footnote 1660:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 14, 15.

Footnote 1661:

Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 236.

Footnote 1662:

On Diseases of the Brain and Spine, Cases 16 and 17.

Footnote 1663:

Recherches sur le Ramollissement de Cerveau, 1819, 1823.

Footnote 1664:

Recherches Anat. Pathol. sur l’Encephale. 1820.

Footnote 1665:

See also Dr. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, p. 71.

Footnote 1666:

Opera varia, Venetiis, 1739.—De Mortibus Subitaneis, p. 12.

Footnote 1667:

London Medical Repository, N. S. ii. 318.

Footnote 1668:

Recherches Anatomico-Pathologiques, 313.

Footnote 1669:

Laennec, Revue Médicale, 1828, iv. Dance, Répertoire Gén. d’Anatomie Pathologique, vi. 197.

Footnote 1670:

On the Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, Case 132.

Footnote 1671:

Ibidem, Case 131. Ollivier, Traité de la moelle épinière, Obs. 42.

Footnote 1672:

Abercrombie, Case 138.

Footnote 1673:

London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, i. 157.

Footnote 1674:

Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, p. 159.

Footnote 1675:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 173.

Footnote 1676:

Archives Gén. de Med. 1838, i. 40.

Footnote 1677:

Archives Gén. xiv. 406.

Footnote 1678:

London Medical Gazette, viii. 47.

Footnote 1679:

Lancet, July 31, 1841.

Footnote 1680:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, p. 1738.

Footnote 1681:

London Medical Gazette, xviii. 930.

Footnote 1682:

Serullas Journ. de Chim. Méd. vi.

Footnote 1683:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 331.

Footnote 1684:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, 2te Reihe, xxxii. 104.

Footnote 1685:

Procès de Castaing, p. 113.

Footnote 1686:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. xxv. 102.

Footnote 1687:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 60.

Footnote 1688:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. 1813, ii. 254.

Footnote 1689:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

Footnote 1690:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxi. 174.—Professor Orfila, in the last edition of his Toxicologie Gén. [1843, ii. 253], has attacked in no very measured terms this opinion of Professor Buchner and myself. But, although he professes to give a literal translation of the passage above, he has translated it so incorrectly as wholly to misrepresent our opinion. The close of the paragraph, “chemical analysis must often fail to detect opium where there could be no doubt of its _having been administered_ in large quantity,” is rendered into French by the Parisian Professor in these words,—“l’analyse chimique, propre à constater l’existence de l’opium, est souvent inutile, même dans le cas _ou il existe_ une grande quantité de cette substance,”—which is a very different proposition. Orfila clearly overrates the utility of the process for detecting opium, both in this criticism and in his whole observations on the subject, by losing sight of the tendency of absorption to remove the poison beyond reach.

Footnote 1691:

Bombay Med. Phys. Transactions, i. 322.

Footnote 1692:

Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, &c.

Footnote 1693:

Journal of Science, N. S. vi. 56.

Footnote 1694:

Dr. Pereira states that he is obliged to differ from me upon this important subject for he “has several times obtained from the stomach of subjects in the dissecting-room a liquor which reddened the salts of iron” (Elements of Materia Medica, p. 1741). This fact, however, does not exactly touch the question. The reddening must be occasioned, not in the crude fluid, but with a substance obtained by the process of analysis for detecting meconic acid in complex organic mixtures,—otherwise the proposition in the text stands good.

Footnote 1695:

Experiments on Opium. Appendix to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, vi. 697.

Footnote 1696:

Edin. Lit. and Phys. Essays, iii. 309.

Footnote 1697:

Monro, Ibidem, 331, and Philip, _ut supra_, p. 680.

Footnote 1698:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 77.

Footnote 1699:

Monro, Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 335, 324.—Charret, Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 515.

Footnote 1700:

On the Operation of Poisonous Agents on the Living Body, _passim_.

Footnote 1701:

Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 514.

Footnote 1702:

Archives Gén. vii. 558.

Footnote 1703:

Arch. Gén. i. 150.

Footnote 1704:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. 1824, xxv, 102.

Footnote 1705:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1841, 488.

Footnote 1706:

Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde, p. 231.

Footnote 1707:

Rust’s Magazin, iii. 24.

Footnote 1708:

Archives Gén. vii. 550.

Footnote 1709:

Journal Universel, xix. 340.

Footnote 1710:

American Medical Recorder, xiii. 418, from Gemeinsame Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe, 1826, i. 1.

Footnote 1711:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xvi. 22.

Footnote 1712:

Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix. 119.

Footnote 1713:

De Usu Opii, iv. 149.

Footnote 1714:

Journal Universel, xix. 340.

Footnote 1715:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxi. 468.

Footnote 1716:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 305.

Footnote 1717:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 205, 206.

Footnote 1718:

Journal de Médecine, xvi. 21.

Footnote 1719:

Arch. Gén. vii. 552.

Footnote 1720:

London Med. Chir. Trans. i. 77.

Footnote 1721:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 603.

Footnote 1722:

Journ. Universel, xix. 340.

Footnote 1723:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii.

Footnote 1724:

Journ. Universel, xix. 340.

Footnote 1725:

Melier in Archives Gén. de Méd. xiv. 406.

Footnote 1726:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xvi. 21.

Footnote 1727:

Lancet, 1836–37, i. 271.

Footnote 1728:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 93.

Footnote 1729:

Ollivier’s case in Arch. Gén. vii. 550.

Footnote 1730:

Corv. Journ. de Méd. xxxiv. 274.

Footnote 1731:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 94, 100.

Footnote 1732:

Archives Gén. de Méd. li. 495.

Footnote 1733:

These effects must not be confounded with those which poppy-juice has been known to cause when spoiled. A whole family of Jews were attacked with violent vomiting and purging, in consequence of partaking of a decoction of poppy-heads, which had been kept four days in a hot stove, and had consequently undergone decomposition. The usual narcotism was not produced at all. (Rust’s Magazin, xxii. 484.)

Footnote 1734:

Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, xxxviii. 1735.

Footnote 1735:

Toxicol Gén. from Bibliothèque Médicale, Août, 1806.

Footnote 1736:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv. 3.

Footnote 1737:

Nouveaux Elémens de Thérapeutique, ii. 60.

Footnote 1738:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 81. This patient took at 4 A.M. two ounces of wine of opium, became drowsy at 6, was capable of being roused at 9, vomited by emetics a liquid coloured with laudanum, and was kept awake for the rest of the day. But at 7 P.M. having previously had a cough and brown sputa from vinegar entering his windpipe, he became gradually more and more insensible, till at last he was quite comatose; and in this state he continued till his death on the evening of the third day. On dissection nothing was found in the brain or stomach attributable to opium.

Footnote 1739:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxi. 468.

Footnote 1740:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 85.

Footnote 1741:

Mémoires de l’Institut—Sc. Physiques, ii. 107.

Footnote 1742:

Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 329.

Footnote 1743:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 151.

Footnote 1744:

Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 388.

Footnote 1745:

Lancet, 1837–38, i. 304.

Footnote 1746:

Pyl’s Repert. für die gerichtl. Arzneiwissenschaft, iii. 145.

Footnote 1747:

See, for example, Parent-Duchatelet and D’Arcet on the health and longevity of Tobacco-manufacturers and Woodfloaters, in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. l. 169, and iii. 245.

Footnote 1748:

Voyages en Perse, iii. 93.

Footnote 1749:

Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde, p. 230.

Footnote 1750:

Two Years in China, 1843, p. 243.

Footnote 1751:

Narrative, &c. p. 231.

Footnote 1752:

Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxvii. 123.

Footnote 1753:

Journal de Chimie Méd. iii. 24.

Footnote 1754:

Toxicologie Gén. ii. 81, 82.

Footnote 1755:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vii. 250.

Footnote 1756:

Ibidem, 1842, 583.

Footnote 1757:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, Avril, 1827, and Edin. Med. Journ. xxix. 450.

Footnote 1758:

Ibidem, vii. 114.

Footnote 1759:

Bulletins de la Société Philomatique, 1818, p. 54:—Journal de Chimie Médicale, Avril, 1827.

Footnote 1760:

Annali Universali di Med. xxxi. 169, xxxiv. 100.

Footnote 1761:

Journal de Chim. Méd. v. 410.

Footnote 1762:

Mém. de la Soc. Roy. de Médecine, i. 142.

Footnote 1763:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vii. 135.

Footnote 1764:

Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 424.

Footnote 1765:

Procés Complet d’Edme-Samuel Castaing, p. 31.

Footnote 1766:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 296.

Footnote 1767:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 70.

Footnote 1768:

Traité de Médecine Légale, iii. 353.

Footnote 1769:

Ibidem, iii. 356.

Footnote 1770:

Toxicol. Générale, ii. 70.

Footnote 1771:

Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. xiv. 19.

Footnote 1772:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxvi. 204.

Footnote 1773:

Journal de Chim. Méd. ix. 223.

Footnote 1774:

Bachner’s Toxicologie, p. 203.

Footnote 1775:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xiv. 456.

Footnote 1776:

Toxicologie Générale, ii. 86.

Footnote 1777:

Krit, Annalen der Staatsarzn. I. iii. 501.

Footnote 1778:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

Footnote 1779:

Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, Feb. 1816.

Footnote 1780:

Magazin für die Gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 121.

Footnote 1781:

Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 100. When inflammation is found, it is not improbably owing to irritants given to produce vomiting, but failing to act. This was apparently the cause in a case described by Mr. Stanley, Trans. London Coll. of Phys. vi. 414.

Footnote 1782:

Journ. de Méd. xxxiv. 267.

Footnote 1783:

The reference to this case has been lost.

Footnote 1784:

Augustin’s Repertorium, i. 2, 12.

Footnote 1785:

Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 394.

Footnote 1786:

Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 100.

Footnote 1787:

Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 331.

Footnote 1788:

Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 263.

Footnote 1789:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, iii. 24.

Footnote 1790:

Oral evidence at the Trial, also London Journal of Science, N. S. vi. 56.

Footnote 1791:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 151.

Footnote 1792:

Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 473, 475.

Footnote 1793:

Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, 93.

Footnote 1794:

Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 435.

Footnote 1795:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiii. 416.

Footnote 1796:

American Journal of the Med. Sciences, vii. 555.

Footnote 1797:

London Med. Repository, xviii. 26.

Footnote 1798:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlviii. 225.

Footnote 1799:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

Footnote 1800:

Diss. Inaug. de Venenis in genere. Argentorati, 1767, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 237.

Footnote 1801:

London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 878.

Footnote 1802:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 247.

Footnote 1803:

Ibidem, xvii. 226.

Footnote 1804:

London Medical Gazette, xiv. 655.

Footnote 1805:

Lond. Med. Gaz., 1840–41, i. 390.

Footnote 1806:

London Med. Obs. and Inq., vi. 331.

Footnote 1807:

North American Med. and Surg. Journal, July 1826.

Footnote 1808:

London Med. and Chir. Transactions, xx. 86.

Footnote 1809:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 110.

Footnote 1810:

Le Globe, vii. 525. Août, 1829.

Footnote 1811:

London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 318.

Footnote 1812:

Annalen der Pharmacie, 1833, vii. 270.

Footnote 1813:

Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 381.

Footnote 1814:

Orfila, Médecine-Légale, iii. 374.

Footnote 1815:

Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. ii. 137.

Footnote 1816:

Pharmaceutic Journal, 1843–44, 578.

Footnote 1817:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 137.

Footnote 1818:

Archives Gén. de Méd. i. 297.

Footnote 1819:

Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxvi. 353.

Footnote 1820:

On the Poisonous Vegetables of Great Britain, p. 3.

Footnote 1821:

Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 25.

Footnote 1822:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 154.

Footnote 1823:

Acta Curiosorum Naturæ. Also Wibmer, Die Wirkung, &c. 146–154.

Footnote 1824:

Toxicologia, p. 87.

Footnote 1825:

Neues Magazin, ii. 3, p. 100.

Footnote 1826:

Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 23. For another instance of the effects of the seeds, not however fatal, see Acta Helvetica, v. 333.

Footnote 1827:

Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 268.

Footnote 1828:

Medoro in Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lv. 265.

Footnote 1829:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 184.

Footnote 1830:

Dr. Schlegel, in Hufeland’s Journal, liv. ii. 29.

Footnote 1831:

Histoire des Solanum. 1813.

Footnote 1832:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, viii. 334.

Footnote 1833:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 190.

Footnote 1834:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 142.

Footnote 1835:

Dunal, &c.

Footnote 1836:

M. Des-Alleurs in Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 30.

Footnote 1837:

Bulletins de la Soc. Méd. d’Emul.—Mars, 1821.

Footnote 1838:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 130.

Footnote 1839:

Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 96.

Footnote 1840:

Revue Médicale, xvii. 265.

Footnote 1841:

Schubarth in Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, li. i. 125.

Footnote 1842:

Fechner’s Repertorium der Organischen Chemie, ii. 70, 75.

Footnote 1843:

Codex Medicamentarius, 389.

Footnote 1844:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, xx. 386.

Footnote 1845:

Archives Gén de Méd. xx. 386.

Footnote 1846:

Chevallier, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. ix. 337.

Footnote 1847:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xx. 387.

Footnote 1848:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 561.

Footnote 1849:

Médecine-Légale, iii. 385.

Footnote 1850:

Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, p. 27.

Footnote 1851:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys., xxvii. 200.

Footnote 1852:

Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. i. 92.

Footnote 1853:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 723.

Footnote 1854:

Ibidem, 1843, 94.

Footnote 1855:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. vi. 347.

Footnote 1856:

Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 324.

Footnote 1857:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 339.

Footnote 1858:

Annales de Chimie, xcii. 59.

Footnote 1859:

Diss. Inaug. de Venenatis Acidi Borussici in Animalia effectibus. Tubingæ, 1805.

Footnote 1860:

Recherches et Considérations sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique. Paris, 1819.

Footnote 1861:

Journal Complémentaire, xxviii. 33.

Footnote 1862:

Bemerkungen über die Wirkungen der Blausaure. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 88.

Footnote 1863:

Bemerkungen, &c. 85.

Footnote 1864:

Recherches, &c. p. 136.

Footnote 1865:

Bemerkungen, &c. 81.

Footnote 1866:

Ibid. 82.

Footnote 1867:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. vi.

Footnote 1868:

Recherches, &c. 146.

Footnote 1869:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 339.

Footnote 1870:

Bemerkungen, &c. 83.

Footnote 1871:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 39.

Footnote 1872:

Krimer detected the acid in the blood of the heart of an animal killed in 36 seconds by a few drops put on the tongue. Journ. Complémentaire, xxviii. 37.

Footnote 1873:

Lassaigne, Journ. de Chim. Med. ii.

Footnote 1874:

Versuche ueber das Nervensystem, 271, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den giften, I. ii. 154.

Footnote 1875:

Ueber das Amerikanische Pfeilgift. Meckel’s Archiv. für Anat. und Physiol. iv. 203.

Footnote 1876:

Recherches, &c. 221.

Footnote 1877:

Journal de Physiol. iii. 230.

Footnote 1878:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, xi. 240.

Footnote 1879:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1843, 94.

Footnote 1880:

Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 75.

Footnote 1881:

Edin. Journal of Science, ii. 215.

Footnote 1882:

Recherches, &c. 221.

Footnote 1883:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 73.

Footnote 1884:

Coullon, 221.

Footnote 1885:

Revue Médicale, xvii. 271.

Footnote 1886:

Nicholson’s Journal, xxxi. 191.

Footnote 1887:

Ueber die giftige Wirkungen der unächten Angustura.— Hufeland’s Journal, xl. iii. 68.

Footnote 1888:

Archives Gén. de Méd. iii. 269.

Footnote 1889:

Hufeland’s Journal, lii. i. 93.

Footnote 1890:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 138, from Harless, Jahrbuch der Medizin, ix. 1.

Footnote 1891:

Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. vii. 543, 545.

Footnote 1892:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. iii. 136.

Footnote 1893:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 858.

Footnote 1894:

Recherches, &c. 127.

Footnote 1895:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlvi. 359 and 363.

Footnote 1896:

Journal der Praktischen, Heilkunde, xl. i. 85.

Footnote 1897:

Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1813, 510.

Footnote 1898:

Ann. de Chimie, xcii. 63.

Footnote 1899:

Revue Médicale, 1825, i. 265.

Footnote 1900:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 51.

Footnote 1901:

Such as Sobernheim in his Handbuch der Toxicologie, 1838, 455.

Footnote 1902:

Medinisch-chirurgische Zeitung, 1829. i. 377.

Footnote 1903:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Med. Lég. ii. 497.

Footnote 1904:

Trial of Freeman for the murder of Judith Buswell at Leicester, April 2, 1829.

Footnote 1905:

Professor Amos of the London University, in criticizing in his Lectures what I have said of this case in the first edition of the present work, has accused me of misstating the evidence, and grounds the charge on a Report by a professional Reporter, where no notice is taken of the phial having been wrapped up in paper, or of the bed-clothes having been pulled up to the chin, or of the arms being crossed over the trunk [Lond. Med. Gazette, viii. 577]. I have nevertheless thought it right to retain my original statement of the evidence, as it was derived from what I still consider the best authority,—the medical witness, who mentions the special fact on which he founded the most important, indeed the only important professional opinion in the case, and to which therefore his attention must have been more pointedly turned than that of any Law-Reporter. The Report alluded to by Professor Amos was afterwards published in the Medical Gazette, viii. 759.

Footnote 1906:

Medizinisch-chirurgische Zeitung, 1829, i. 396.

Footnote 1907:

Buchner’s Repertorium für Pharmacie, xxi. 313.

Footnote 1908:

Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, lix. 72.

Footnote 1909:

Orfila, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 507.

Footnote 1910:

Dublin Medical Journal, viii. 308.

Footnote 1911:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlviii. 44.

Footnote 1912:

Coullon, Recherches, &c. p. 200.

Footnote 1913:

Journ. de Chim. Médicale, vii. 426.

Footnote 1914:

Handbuch der Toxikologie, 1838, 443.

Footnote 1915:

Annales d’Hyg. Publique, &c. xi. 240.

Footnote 1916:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, 95, 98.

Footnote 1917:

See Note at p. 365.

Footnote 1918:

Beiträge zur Geschichte der Blausaure, 1809.

Footnote 1919:

Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 366.

Footnote 1920:

Recherches, &c.

Footnote 1921:

Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xiv. 104.

Footnote 1922:

Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xxiii. 375.

Footnote 1923:

Bemerkungen, &c. Hufeland’s Journal, lii. i. 76.

Footnote 1924:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iv. 422.

Footnote 1925:

Rust’s Magazin, xx. 577.

Footnote 1926:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 251.

Footnote 1927:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 52.

Footnote 1928:

Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, iii. 485, vi. 37.

Footnote 1929:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 53.

Footnote 1930:

Lancet, 1838–39, i. 880, and ii. 14.

Footnote 1931:

_Ut supra_, p. 52.

Footnote 1932:

Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 366.

Footnote 1933:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 151.

Footnote 1934:

Coullon, Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 225, _et passim_.

Footnote 1935:

Edin. Philosoph. Journal, vii. 124 and Edin. Journal of Science, ii. 214.

Footnote 1936:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xi. 30.

Footnote 1937:

Toxicologie Gén. ii. 167.

Footnote 1938:

Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, 1828, p. 208.

Footnote 1939:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 511.

Footnote 1940:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 144.

Footnote 1941:

Dr. Geoghegan, in Lancet, 1835–36, i. 174.

Footnote 1942:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 141.

Footnote 1943:

Ibidem, xii. 144.

Footnote 1944:

London Med. and Surg. Journal, iii. 58.

Footnote 1945:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. 525.

Footnote 1946:

Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, 1828, p. 208.

Footnote 1947:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 518.

Footnote 1948:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 403.

Footnote 1949:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlviii. 44.

Footnote 1950:

Prize Thesis “On the Presence of Air in the Organs of Circulation.” Edinburgh, 1837.

Footnote 1951:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 57.

Footnote 1952:

Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicamens.

Footnote 1953:

Lancet, 1844, October 5.

Footnote 1954:

Journal de Pharmacie, vii. 465.

Footnote 1955:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xvi. 100.

Footnote 1956:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 494.

Footnote 1957:

Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xliv. 352.

Footnote 1958:

Murray, Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 257.

Footnote 1959:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 135.

Footnote 1960:

Fechner’s Repertorium der Organischen Chemie, ii. 65.

Footnote 1961:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 500.

Footnote 1962:

Wepferi, Cicutæ aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 244; and Coullon, Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 55.

Footnote 1963:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 179.

Footnote 1964:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 184.

Footnote 1965:

Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 204.

Footnote 1966:

Dr. Alison’s Manuscript Lectures.

Footnote 1967:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 166.

Footnote 1968:

Recherches, &c. 60.

Footnote 1969:

Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 257.

Footnote 1970:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 150.

Footnote 1971:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 183.

Footnote 1972:

Journal Complémentaire, &c. xvii. 366.

Footnote 1973:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 92.

Footnote 1974:

Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 402.

Footnote 1975:

Journal de Pharmacie, viii. 304.

Footnote 1976:

Buchner’s Repertorium, xii. 130.

Footnote 1977:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilk. xxxii. 497.

Footnote 1978:

Bericht über einige Versuche über die Wirkung des Oleum Essentiale Laurocerasi.—Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, liv. iii. 27.

Footnote 1979:

Bemerkungen, &c. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, li. i. 125.

Footnote 1980:

Fechner’s Repertorium der Org. Chemie, ii. 65.

Footnote 1981:

Médecine Légale, iv. 27.

Footnote 1982:

Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 216.

Footnote 1983:

Recherches, &c. p. 95.

Footnote 1984:

Philosophical Transactions, 1739, No. 452.

Footnote 1985:

Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 90.

Footnote 1986:

Considerations on the criminal proceedings of this country, on the danger of convictions on circumstantial evidence, and on the case of Mr. Donnellan. By a Barrister of the Inner Temple, 1781.—Phillips’s Treatise on the Law of Evidence, Appendix, p. 30.—Male’s Juridical Medicine, p. 86.—These authorities all consider the guilt of the prisoner doubtful.

Footnote 1987:

Trial, &c. taken in short hand by Gurney.

Footnote 1988:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxviii. 416.

Footnote 1989:

Geiseler in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 291.

Footnote 1990:

Recherches, &c. p. 74.

Footnote 1991:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 99.

Footnote 1992:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 220.

Footnote 1993:

Bremer, Bemerkungen und Erfahrungen über die Wirksamkeit des Trauben-Kirschbaums.—Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1812, i. 41.

Footnote 1994:

Buchner’s, Repertorium, xii. 130.

Footnote 1995:

Rust’s Magazin, xxxii. 500.

Footnote 1996:

Bemerkungen, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1812, i. 71.

Footnote 1997:

Journal de Pharmacie, iii. 275.

Footnote 1998:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxvii. 238.

Footnote 1999:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 293.

Footnote 2000:

Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxxv. 72.

Footnote 2001:

Toxikologie, 373.

Footnote 2002:

Ueber den Selbstmord, p. 176.

Footnote 2003:

Quæstionum Medico-legalium, T. iii. 63. Consilium 44.

Footnote 2004:

London Courier, Jan. 16, 1823.

Footnote 2005:

Buchner’s Toxikologie, 331.

Footnote 2006:

Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, p. 11.

Footnote 2007:

On the Presence of Air in the Organs of Circulation. Prize Thesis at Edinburgh, 1837.

Footnote 2008:

Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, _passim_.

Footnote 2009:

Ibidem, p. 81.

Footnote 2010:

Rech. Chemico-Physiologiques, p. 114.

Footnote 2011:

Diss. Inaug. utrum, per viventium adhuc animalium membranas materiæ ponderabiles permeare queant. Tubingæ, p. 10.

Footnote 2012:

Nysten, Recherches, &c. p. 137.

Footnote 2013:

Philosophical Transactions, cxiii. 508.

Footnote 2014:

Nysten, Recherches, &c. p. 140.

Footnote 2015:

Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 249.

Footnote 2016:

Allen and Peys, also Wetterstedt. See Dr. Apjohn’s article on Toxicology in Cycl. of Pract. Med. iv. 238.

Footnote 2017:

London Quarterly Journal of Science, vi. N. S.

Footnote 2018:

Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 246.

Footnote 2019:

Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, concerning nitrous oxide gas, p. 475.

Footnote 2020:

Desgranges in Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. viii. 487.

Footnote 2021:

Bulletins de la Soc. Méd. d’Emulation, Oct. 1823.

Footnote 2022:

Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xvii. 383.

Footnote 2023:

Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 109, from Archiv des Apothekers-Vereins, xviii. 101.

Footnote 2024:

Hallé, Recherches sur la nature du Méphitisme des fosses d’aisance, p. 107.

Footnote 2025:

Edin. Med and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 361.

Footnote 2026:

London Medical Gazette, x. 314.

Footnote 2027:

Ibidem, 352.

Footnote 2028:

Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, ii. 391.

Footnote 2029:

Sedillot’s Journal de Médecine, xv. 28, 34.

Footnote 2030:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1829, ii. 83, 143.

Footnote 2031:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 361.

Footnote 2032:

Recherches sur la nature du Méphitisme des fosses d’aisance, 1785.

Footnote 2033:

Recherches, &c. p. 55.

Footnote 2034:

Recherches, &c. pp. 57, 99, 144; and Nouv. Journ. de Méd. i. 237.

Footnote 2035:

Nouv. Journal, &c.

Footnote 2036:

Ibidem.

Footnote 2037:

Sedillot’s Journ. de Méd. xv. 25.

Footnote 2038:

Recherches, &c. p. 57.

Footnote 2039:

Hallé, Recherches, &c. p. 50.

Footnote 2040:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiii. 131.

Footnote 2041:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 559.

Footnote 2042:

Hallé, Recherches, &c. pp. 46, 58.

Footnote 2043:

London Medical Gazette, pp. 375, 410, 448.

Footnote 2044:

Researches on Nitrous Oxide Gas, p. 467.

Footnote 2045:

Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iii. 457.

Footnote 2046:

Mr. Pridgin’s Teale in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 106.

Footnote 2047:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 232.

Footnote 2048:

M. Collard de Martigny in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 209.

Footnote 2049:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, 1831, iv. 119.

Footnote 2050:

Collard de Martigny, 204.

Footnote 2051:

Dr. Bird in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 81.

Footnote 2052:

Nouv. Biblioth. Méd. 1827, iii. 91.

Footnote 2053:

Archives Gén. de Med. v. 132.

Footnote 2054:

Foderé, Méd. Légale, iv. 37.

Footnote 2055:

Archives, &c. p. 211.

Footnote 2056:

Recherches on Nitrous Oxide, p. 472.

Footnote 2057:

Nouv. Journal de Méd. ii. 196.

Footnote 2058:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, xiv. 205.

Footnote 2059:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 555.

Footnote 2060:

Histoire de la Soc. Roy. de Med. i. 353.

Footnote 2061:

Nouv. Biblioth. Méd. 1827, iii. 91.

Footnote 2062:

Collard de Martigny, Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 205.

Footnote 2063:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 475. Note.

Footnote 2064:

Lancet, 1838–39, i. 260.

Footnote 2065:

Lond. Med. Gazette, 1838–39, i. 427.

Footnote 2066:

Dr. G. Bird in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 84.

Footnote 2067:

London Med. Chir. Transactions, i. 83.

Footnote 2068:

Nouv. Journ. de Méd.

Footnote 2069:

Nouv. Biblioth. Med. 1827, iii. 91.

Footnote 2070:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xiv. 210.

Footnote 2071:

Fallot, in Journal Complémentaire, Mai, 1829.

Footnote 2072:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiii. 176.

Footnote 2073:

Ibidem, xvi. 30.

Footnote 2074:

Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 557.

Footnote 2075:

Annales, _ut supra_, 186.

Footnote 2076:

Toxicologie Gén. 1826, ii. 474.

Footnote 2077:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 53.

Footnote 2078:

Annales, _ut supra_, p. 191.

Footnote 2079:

Annalen der Pharmacie, 1836, xx. 156.

Footnote 2080:

Lancet, _ut supra_.

Footnote 2081:

Annales, &c. _ut supra_, p. 197.

Footnote 2082:

Annales, &c. xx. 134.

Footnote 2083:

Lancet, _ut supra_.

Footnote 2084:

Annales, _ut supra_, 197.

Footnote 2085:

Ibidem, p. 199.

Footnote 2086:

Ibidem, xx. 132.

Footnote 2087:

Devergie, _ut supra_, 200.

Footnote 2088:

On the Constitution of Flame—Edin. New Philos. Journal, i. 224, 226.

Footnote 2089:

Ammann.—Medicina Critica, Cas. 59, p. 365.

Footnote 2090:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 359.

Footnote 2091:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 353.

Footnote 2092:

Ibidem, xxxii. 345.

Footnote 2093:

Edin. New Phil. Journal, v. 110.

Footnote 2094:

Holwell, Narrative of the deplorable Deaths of the English gentlemen and others who were suffocated in the Black Hole at Fort William.

Footnote 2095:

Smith’s Principles of Forensic Medicine, 221.

Footnote 2096:

Instruction sur le traitement des Asphyxiés, 25.

Footnote 2097:

Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 226, 227.

Footnote 2098:

Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 93.

Footnote 2099:

London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 923.

Footnote 2100:

Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 1. and vii. 95.

Footnote 2101:

See various cases quoted in detail in Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. ii. 49, 51, 55.

Footnote 2102:

Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 278.

Footnote 2103:

Beiträge zur gerichtl. medizin.—Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 296.

Footnote 2104:

Journal Complémentaire, Mai, 1829.

Footnote 2105:

Guy’s Hospital Reports, _ut supra_.

Footnote 2106:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 114.

Footnote 2107:

Revue Médicale, 1827, iii. 528.

Footnote 2108:

Horn’s Archiv. für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, 746.

Footnote 2109:

Bird, _ut supra_, iv. 93.

Footnote 2110:

Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. ii. 47, _et seq._

Footnote 2111:

Nouvelle Bibliothèque Méd. 1829, i. 374.

Footnote 2112:

René-Bourgeois, Archives Gén. de Méd. xx. 508.

Footnote 2113:

Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, pp. 88, 92, 96.

Footnote 2114:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 54.

Footnote 2115:

Mr. Witter in London Philosophical Journal, 1814, xliii. 367.

Footnote 2116:

Guérard in Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 52.

Footnote 2117:

Nysten, Recherches, &c.

Footnote 2118:

Davy’s Chemical and Philosophical Researches, _passim_.

Footnote 2119:

Thenard, Traité de Chimie, iii. 675.

Footnote 2120:

Researches, &c., p. 462.

Footnote 2121:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 363.

Footnote 2122:

Journal Universel des Sc. Méd. ii. 240.

Footnote 2123:

Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 859.

Footnote 2124:

Toxikologie, 382.

Footnote 2125:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 363.

Footnote 2126:

London Quarterly Journal of Science, January, 1830.

Footnote 2127:

Buchner’s Toxikologie, 188.

Footnote 2128:

Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. i. 360, 362.

Footnote 2129:

Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 68.

Footnote 2130:

Ibidem, 1833, or Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 87.

Footnote 2131:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, ix. 71 and 77.

Footnote 2132:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 261.

Footnote 2133:

Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 71.

Footnote 2134:

Sedillot’s Journ. Gén. de Méd. Dec. 1813, 364.

Footnote 2135:

Lond. Med. Obs. and Inquiries, vi. 223.

Footnote 2136:

Journ. Universel, xxii. 239.

Footnote 2137:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, p. 591.

Footnote 2138:

Ibid. 1839, 122.

Footnote 2139:

Sedillot’s Journ. de Méd. xxiv. 228.

Footnote 2140:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 380.

Footnote 2141:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 586.

Footnote 2142:

Sedillot’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 228.

Footnote 2143:

London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 681.

Footnote 2144:

British Herbal, 329.

Footnote 2145:

Journ. Universel, xxii. 239.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 452.

Footnote 2146:

Plenck’s Toxicologia, 109.

Footnote 2147:

Roux’s Journal de Med. xxiv. 310.

Footnote 2148:

Toxicologia, 109.

Footnote 2149:

Moyens de remédier aux Pois Végét.

Footnote 2150:

Journ. de Chim. Méd. iii. 586.

Footnote 2151:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 550.

Footnote 2152:

Toxikologie, p. 220.

Footnote 2153:

On Vegetable Poisons, 17.

Footnote 2154:

Nouvelle Biblioth. Méd. 1828, iii.

Footnote 2155:

On Vegetable Poisons, p. 18.

Footnote 2156:

Roux’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 321.

Footnote 2157:

Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, p. 538.

Footnote 2158:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 347–364.

Footnote 2159:

Mag. für die gesammte Heilk. xxv. 578.

Footnote 2160:

Journal de Chim. Méd. iv. 390.

Footnote 2161:

Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, p. 538.

Footnote 2162:

Histoire de l’Acad. de Paris, 1703, p. 69.

Footnote 2163:

On Vegetable Poisons, p. 21

Footnote 2164:

Med. Obs. and Inq. vi. 224.

Footnote 2165:

Roux’s Journ. de Méd. xxiv. 317.

Footnote 2166:

Geschichte des Pflanzengifte, 527.

Footnote 2167:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. i. 378.

Footnote 2168:

Gmelin, Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 416. As examples of such crimes he mentions the following. Diebe und Huren um ihr Verbrechen desto ungehinderter zu begehen, wenn sie die Leute damit eingeschläfert haben; Hurenwirthinnen, um in ihren gemietheten Mägdchen alles Gefühl der natürlichen Schaam zu ersticken; alte Hurer um junge Mägdchen zu verführen; Missethäter um ihre Wächter sinnlos zu machen; Ehebrecherinnen, um ihre Männer zu ruhigen Zuschauern ihrer Schandthaten zu machen. For most of these purposes gin and whisky are the instruments of villany in Britain; and of late, as already mentioned, opium has been resorted to.

Footnote 2169:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 319.

Footnote 2170:

History of the Eastern Archipelago, i. 466.

Footnote 2171:

Schweigger’s Journal, xxvi. 98.

Footnote 2172:

Annalen der Pharmacie, iii. 135.

Footnote 2173:

Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 94.

Footnote 2174:

Orfila, Tox. ii. 271.

Footnote 2175:

Edin. Medical Commentaries, v. 163.

Footnote 2176:

Braun in Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxix. 177.

Footnote 2177:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 247.

Footnote 2178:

Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 272.

Footnote 2179:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxiii. 157.

Footnote 2180:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 154.

Footnote 2181:

Gmelin, Gesch. der Pflanzengifte, 421.

Footnote 2182:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 564.

Footnote 2183:

Gmelin, 420.

Footnote 2184:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 154.

Footnote 2185:

London Medical Gazette, iv. 320.

Footnote 2186:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxiii. 129.

Footnote 2187:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 722.

Footnote 2188:

Hist. Stirp. Helvet. Indig. i. 259.

Footnote 2189:

Vauquelin—Annales de Chimie, lxxi. 139.

Footnote 2190:

Bulletin des Scien. Méd. xii. 177, from Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, Nov. und Dec. 1828.

Footnote 2191:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 382.

Footnote 2192:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 340.

Footnote 2193:

Ibidem.

Footnote 2194:

Philosophical Transactions, ci. 186, 181.

Footnote 2195:

Macartney.—Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 282.

Footnote 2196:

Blake, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 44.

Footnote 2197:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xii. 11.

Footnote 2198:

Pflanzengifte, 550.

Footnote 2199:

Ephem. Cur. Nat. Dec. ii.—Ann. x. p. 222.

Footnote 2200:

On Apoplexy and Lethargy, p. 150.

Footnote 2201:

Ephem. Cur. Nat. Dec. ii.—Ann. iv. p. 467.

Footnote 2202:

London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 561.

Footnote 2203:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 329.

Footnote 2204:

Ibidem, 165.

Footnote 2205:

Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxi. iv. 100.

Footnote 2206:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, iii. 23.

Footnote 2207:

Gazette Med. de Paris, 28 Novembre, 1840, or Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lv. 558.

Footnote 2208:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 159.

Footnote 2209:

Acta Helvetica, 1762, v. 330.

Footnote 2210:

Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1839, 328.

Footnote 2211:

Ibidem, 327.

Footnote 2212:

Julia-Fontenelle, Ibidem, 1836, 652. From Mémoires du Duc de St. Simon.

Footnote 2213:

Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 415.

Footnote 2214:

Rammazini, de Morb. Opificum, 535.—Fourcroy. Essai sur les Mal. des Artizans, 89.—Patissier, Traité des Mal. des Art. 202.

Footnote 2215:

Revue Médicale, 1827, iii. 168.

Footnote 2216:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique et de Med. Lég. i. 169. 1829.

Footnote 2217:

Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, S. 598.

Footnote 2218:

Philosophical Magazine, N. S. iv. 231.

Footnote 2219:

Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxv. 72, 259.

Footnote 2220:

Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxix. 383.

Footnote 2221:

Geiger, in Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxv. 284.

Footnote 2222:

Edinburgh Roy. Soc. Transactions, xiii. 398, 415.

Footnote 2223:

Toxicologie Gén. ii. 303.

Footnote 2224:

Pflanzengifte, S. 605.

Footnote 2225:

Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. 383.

Footnote 2226:

Transactions, &c. xiii. 393, 315.

Footnote 2227:

Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxix. 107.

Footnote 2228:

Philos. Transactions, xliii. No. 473, p. 18.

Footnote 2229:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 311.

Footnote 2230:

Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, p. 604.

Footnote 2231:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 172.

Footnote 2232:

Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, p. 603.

Footnote 2233:

Cicut. Aquaticæ Hist. et Noxæ, 134.

Footnote 2234:

Annalen der Pharmacie, xxxi. 258.

Footnote 2235:

Archiv für Medizin. Erfahr. 1824, i. 84.

Footnote 2236:

Cic. Aquat. &c. 80, and 107.

Footnote 2237:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 877.

Footnote 2238:

Article Ciguë, Diction. des Sciences Méd.

Footnote 2239:

Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 361.

Footnote 2240:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1830.

Footnote 2241:

Instead of quoting special facts on the subject of poisoning with Œnanthe, I have thought it better to give in the meantime a short analysis of a long investigation, which I have from time to time made on the subject, and which was read in the Royal Society of Edinburgh last year. This paper will be published ere long; and the references and experiments will then be supplied, which, if introduced here, will lead to disproportionate details.

Footnote 2242:

Lond. Philos. Magazine, N. S. ii. 392.

Footnote 2243:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 323.

Footnote 2244:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xiv. 425.

Footnote 2245:

Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 571.

Footnote 2246:

Wittke in Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxii. 228.

Footnote 2247:

Prize Thesis, on the Physiological and Medicinal Properties of the Aconitum napellus. Edinburgh, 1844.

Footnote 2248:

Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 211.

Footnote 2249:

Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 183.

Footnote 2250:

Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 211, and 1843, ii. 361.

Footnote 2251:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1804.

Footnote 2252:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1811.

Footnote 2253:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1806.

Footnote 2254:

Thèse Inaugurale, Paris, 1822, quoted by Orfila, Toxic. Gén., 1827, ii. 221.

Footnote 2255:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, iii. 344.

Footnote 2256:

Elements of Materia Medica, ii. p. 1807.

Footnote 2257:

Ibidem, p. 1806.

Footnote 2258:

Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 13.

Footnote 2259:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1840, iii. 635.

Footnote 2260:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxviii. 199.

Footnote 2261:

Journal de Chimie Medicale, 1840, 94.

Footnote 2262:

Edinburgh Journal of Natural Science, 1830, 235.

Footnote 2263:

Dr. Hunter. Calcutta Med. Phys. Transactions, ii. 410.

Footnote 2264:

Northern Journal of Medicine, 1844, i. 120.

Footnote 2265:

Journal de Pharmacie, vii. 503.

Footnote 2266:

Orfila, Tox. Gén. ii. 225.

Footnote 2267:

Schabel, Diss. Inaug. be Effectibus Veratri albi et Hellebori nigri, p. 8, Tubing.

Footnote 2268:

Bullet. de la Soc. Méd. d’Em. Avril, 1818.

Footnote 2269:

De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, Epist. lix. 15.

Footnote 2270:

Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 10.

Footnote 2271:

Buchner’s Toxicologie, 272.

Footnote 2272:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 202.

Footnote 2273:

Tentamen Physico-medicum de Remediis Brunsvicensibus, 176.

Footnote 2274:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 651.

Footnote 2275:

Vogel—Journal de Physique, lxxv. 194.

Footnote 2276:

De Effectibus Ver. alb. et Hell. nigri. Tubingæ, 1817.

Footnote 2277:

Mag. für die gesammte Heilkunde, xiv. 547.

Footnote 2278:

Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1825.

Footnote 2279:

Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. iv. 47.

Footnote 2280:

Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, v. 437.

Footnote 2281:

Diss. Inaug. De Veratriæ Ellectibus, Lipsiæ, 1836, quoted by Wibmer, v. 434.

Footnote 2282:

Libellus de Colchico, 1763, p. 17.

Footnote 2283:

Philosophical Transactions, 1816.

Footnote 2284:

Annalen der Pharmacie, vii. 275.

Footnote 2285:

Edin. Med. and Surgical Journal, xiv. 262.

Footnote 2286:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, viii. 351.

Footnote 2287:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxi. 131.

Footnote 2288:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvi. 394.

Footnote 2289:

Ibid. xii. 397.

Footnote 2290:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 589.

Footnote 2291:

London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, ii. 763.

Footnote 2292:

Beiträge, &c. iv. 246.

Footnote 2293:

London Medical Gazette, x. 160.

Footnote 2294:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 382.

Footnote 2295:

Ibidem, 377.

Footnote 2296:

Magazin für Pharmacie, xxx. 237.

Footnote 2297:

Dr. Duncan’s Dispensatory, 953.

Footnote 2298:

Spillan, quoted by Lewins.

Footnote 2299:

Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, lvi. 186.

Footnote 2300:

Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 257.

Footnote 2301:

Toxikologie, 349.

Footnote 2302:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 384.

Footnote 2303:

Bibliothèque Universelle de Génève, xxvi. 102.

Footnote 2304:

Duncan’s Supplement to the Dispensatory, p. 49.

Footnote 2305:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, p. 1208.

Footnote 2306:

Dr. Morries, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 377.

Footnote 2307:

Toxicologie Gén. ii. 286.

Footnote 2308:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 342.

Footnote 2309:

Wibmer, Die Wirkung, &c. ii. 312, from Schroek, de Digit. Purpurea, 1829.

Footnote 2310:

London Med. Gazette, 1842–43, i. 270, from Schmidt’s Jahrbücher, Aug. 1842.

Footnote 2311:

Dictionary of Mat. Med. and Pharmacy, 1839, 219.

Footnote 2312:

Blackall on Dropsy, p. 173.

Footnote 2313:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. vii. 149.

Footnote 2314:

Bidault de Villiers, Journal de Médecine, Novembre, 1817.

Footnote 2315:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxvii. 223, from Morning Chronicle, Oct. 30 and 31, 1826.

Footnote 2316:

Journal de Méd. xl. 193.

Footnote 2317:

Williams in Medical Gazette, i. 744.

Footnote 2318:

Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 442.

Footnote 2319:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1838, xx. 180.

Footnote 2320:

Recherches Chim. et Physiol. sur l’Ipecacuanha. Journal de Pharmacie, iii. 145.

Footnote 2321:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 182.

Footnote 2322:

Magendie. Formulaire pour la Préparation, &c. de plusieurs Nouv. Médicamens. 5eme ed. 67.

Footnote 2323:

Plantes Usuelles des Braziliens, Livraison, i. 3.

Footnote 2324:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. x. 142.

Footnote 2325:

Journal de Pharmacie, viii. 401.

Footnote 2326:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. x. 153.

Footnote 2327:

Pelletier and Caventou, Ibidem, xxvi. 56.

Footnote 2328:

Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 44.

Footnote 2329:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xii. 463.

Footnote 2330:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 338.

Footnote 2331:

Transactions of Provinc. Med. and Surg. Association, ii. 215.

Footnote 2332:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 481.

Footnote 2333:

Elements of Materia Medica, ii. 1310.

Footnote 2334:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie.

Footnote 2335:

Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 22.

Footnote 2336:

British Annals de Medecine, i. 106.

Footnote 2337:

Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 119.

Footnote 2338:

Cicutæ Aquat. Hist. Noxæ, p. 295.

Footnote 2339:

Magendie, Journal de Physiol. ii. 361.

Footnote 2340:

Cicutæ Aquat. Hist. et Noxæ, p. 198.

Footnote 2341:

Archives Gén. de Médecine, xlvi. 365.

Footnote 2342:

Lond. Med. Repository, xix. 448.

Footnote 2343:

Glasgow Medical Journal. August, 1830.

Footnote 2344:

British Annals of Medicine, i. 103.

Footnote 2345:

Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 17.

Footnote 2346:

Nouv. Journ. de Méd. x. 157.

Footnote 2347:

Tacheron, London Med. Repository, xix. 456.

Footnote 2348:

Med. Rat. System, ii. 175.

Footnote 2349:

Journ. der Practischen Heilkunde, iv. 492.

Footnote 2350:

Hillefeld, Exp. quædam circa venena. Gott. 1760. Quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. ii. 26.

Footnote 2351:

Rossi, Exp. de nonnullis plantis quæ pro venenatis habentur. Pisis, 1762. See Marx, i. ii. 29.

Footnote 2352:

Trans. of the Calcutta Med. and Phys. Soc. i. 138.

Footnote 2353:

Arch Gén. de Méd. viii. 18.

Footnote 2354:

I have not altered the statement as to this point in the former editions. Yet I strongly suspect that authors, who describe the spasm which precedes death to continue as it were into the rigidity which occurs after death, must have observed inaccurately. For in the numerous experiments I have made and witnessed in animals, flaccidity invariably took place at the time of death, and continued for a moderate interval.

Footnote 2355:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxv. 80.

Footnote 2356:

Le Globe, vii. 525.—Août 19, 1829.

Footnote 2357:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 169.

Footnote 2358:

Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 44.

Footnote 2359:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 364.

Footnote 2360:

Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 593.

Footnote 2361:

Botanic Garden, ii. 256.

Footnote 2362:

See my Dispensatory, p. 395. Orfila adheres to the old error in the last edition of his Toxicology, in 1843.

Footnote 2363:

Magendie, Journ. de Physiologie, iii. 267.

Footnote 2364:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 377.

Footnote 2365:

Ueber die giftige Wirkungen der unächten Angustura.—Hufeland’s Journal, xl. iii. 68.

Footnote 2366:

Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 507.

Footnote 2367:

Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, i. 1.

Footnote 2368:

Ueber das Amerikanische Pfeilgift. Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 65.

Footnote 2369:

Reported by Dr. Reid Clanny in Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 285.

Footnote 2370:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 400.

Footnote 2371:

Annali Univ. di Med. xxxvi. 102.

Footnote 2372:

Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1819, p. 9.

Footnote 2373:

Experimental Essays, 128.

Footnote 2374:

Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 406.

Footnote 2375:

Ibid., 407.

Footnote 2376:

London Med. Gazette, xi. 772. From American Journal of Med. Science.

Footnote 2377:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 88.

Footnote 2378:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 400.

Footnote 2379:

Annali, &c. xxxvi. 106.

Footnote 2380:

Ann. de Chimie, lxxx. 109.

Footnote 2381:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxiv. 55.

Footnote 2382:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 411.

Footnote 2383:

Cicut. Aquat. Hist. p. 186.

Footnote 2384:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 412, 414.

Footnote 2385:

Ibidem, ii. 410.

Footnote 2386:

Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 346.

Footnote 2387:

Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneikunde, iii. 241.

Footnote 2388:

Mulder in Pharmaceutisches Central-Blatt, 1838, p. 511.

Footnote 2389:

Orfila Toxicol. Gén. ii. 396.

Footnote 2390:

Philos. Trans. 1811.

Footnote 2391:

Diss. Inaug. sistens historiam Veneni Upas antiar, &c. Tubingæ, 1815.

Footnote 2392:

Diss. Inaug. de Veneno Upas antiar, Tubingæ, 1815, p. 27.

Footnote 2393:

Buchner’s Repertorium, xxxi., and Hufeland’s Journal, lxviii. iv. 43.

Footnote 2394:

Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, 1739, p. 47.

Footnote 2395:

Journal de Chim. Méd. iv. 528.

Footnote 2396:

London Medical and Physical Journal, April, 1829.

Footnote 2397:

Mémoires de la Soc. de Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Génève, v. 194.

Footnote 2398:

Lancet, 1836–37, i. 394.

Footnote 2399:

Ibid.

Footnote 2400:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxiii. 374.

Footnote 2401:

Essays, &c. iii. 257.

Footnote 2402:

On the Esculent Fungi of Great Britain. Mem. Wernerian Society, iv. 339.

Footnote 2403:

Toxicol. Gén. 417–428.

Footnote 2404:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, iii. 41.

Footnote 2405:

Ibid. xxxvi. 451.

Footnote 2406:

Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlix. 192.

Footnote 2407:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1835, 488.

Footnote 2408:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1842, i. 549.

Footnote 2409:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 325.

Footnote 2410:

Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, 369.

Footnote 2411:

Foderé, Médecine Légale, iv. 61, and 58.

Footnote 2412:

Ibidem.

Footnote 2413:

Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. Indig. ii. 328.

Footnote 2414:

Bongard, London Medical Gazette, 1838, i. 414.

Footnote 2415:

Ibidem.

Footnote 2416:

Greville, p. 344, from Langsdorf’s Annalen der Wetterrauischen Gesellschaft.

Footnote 2417:

Foderé, Médecine Légale, iv. 59.

Footnote 2418:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 322.

Footnote 2419:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 379.

Footnote 2420:

Médecine Légale, iv. 55, _et passim_.

Footnote 2421:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 445.

Footnote 2422:

Essai Sur les Propriétés Médicales des Plantes, 320.

Footnote 2423:

Mem. Wernerian Soc. iv. 342.

Footnote 2424:

Ann. de Chimie, lxxix. 265; lxxx. 272; lxxxvii. 237.

Footnote 2425:

Archives Gén. de Méd. xi. 94.

Footnote 2426:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 117.

Footnote 2427:

Traité des Champignons.—Also Mém. sur les Champignons coëffés. Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 431.

Footnote 2428:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxvi. 451.

Footnote 2429:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xlix. 192.

Footnote 2430:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1842, i. 549.

Footnote 2431:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxxi. 323, from Vadrot. Diss. Inaug. sur l’empoisonnement par les Champignons.

Footnote 2432:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 433.

Footnote 2433:

Picco—Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. 1780–81, p. 355.

Footnote 2434:

Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 639.

Footnote 2435:

Aymen, in Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 344.

Footnote 2436:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 115.

Footnote 2437:

Persoon, Traité sur les Champignons comestibles, 157.

Footnote 2438:

Journal de Pharmacie, Sept. 1836.

Footnote 2439:

Edwards in Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 512.

Footnote 2440:

Picco—Hist. de la Soc. &c. pp. 357, 359.

Footnote 2441:

Hist. de la Soc. &c. p. 357.

Footnote 2442:

Ibidem.

Footnote 2443:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 117.

Footnote 2444:

Quæstiones Medicinæ Forenses, 1824, p. 206.

Footnote 2445:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xiv. 311.

Footnote 2446:

In the Philosophical Transactions for 1762 an account is given of a family of eight people in Suffolk, who had the gangrenous form of the disease induced by spurred rye. They had lived on damaged wheat, but never used rye meal. See Dr. Wollaston’s paper, lii. 523, and Mr. Bone’s Letter, Ibid. 526.

Footnote 2447:

The Phalaris canariensis and aquatica, Panicura miliaceum Phleum, pratense, Alopecurus pratensis and geniculatus, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira cristata, Poa fluitans, Festuca duriuscula, Arundo arenaria and cinnoides, Lolium perenne, Elymus arenarius and europæus, Triticum spelta, junceum and repens, Holcus avenaceus and lanatus, Dactylis glomerata, besides those mentioned in the text.—See Robert, Erläuterungen und Beiträge zur Geschichte des Mutterkorns.—Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 8.

Footnote 2448:

Mémoire sur la Sologne, in Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 61.

Footnote 2449:

Mem. sur la mal. du Seigle appellée Ergot. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 427.

Footnote 2450:

Robert’s paper, _passim_.

Footnote 2451:

Hecker’s Jahrbücher der Staatsarzneikunde, i. 240.

Footnote 2452:

Robert, in Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 20. Tessier seems to have been of the same way of thinking.

Footnote 2453:

Tillet, Dissertation sur la cause qui corrompe les bles—Fontana, Lettre sur l’Ergot. Journ. de Phys. vii. 42.—Réad, Traité sur le Seigle Ergoté. 1771.

Footnote 2454:

Annals of Philosophy, N. S. xi. 14.

Footnote 2455:

Flore Française, VI.—Robert’s paper, p. 15.

Footnote 2456:

Inquisitio in Secale cornutum, &c. Commentatio præmio regio ornata, Gottingæ, 1831. Analyzed in Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 129.

Footnote 2457:

Linnæan Transactions, 1840, xviii, 449.

Footnote 2458:

Ibidem, 453.

Footnote 2459:

Ibidem, 475.

Footnote 2460:

Lettre sur l’Ergot. Journal de Physique, vii. 42.

Footnote 2461:

Lorinser, Beob. und Vers. über die Wirkung des Mutterkorns, 1824, noticed in Robert’s paper, p. 28.

Footnote 2462:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 306. Harveian Prize Essay.

Footnote 2463:

Linnæan Transactions, xix. 140.

Footnote 2464:

Tessier, 421.

Footnote 2465:

Ibid. 428.

Footnote 2466:

Robert, 28.

Footnote 2467:

Bulletins de la Soc. Philomatique, 1817, 58.

Footnote 2468:

Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, iii. 65.

Footnote 2469:

Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 43, also Keyl, Dissertatio de Secali Cornuto ejusque vi in corpus humanum salubri et noxia.

Footnote 2470:

Rust’s Mag. für die gesammte Heilk. xxv. 47.

Footnote 2471:

Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 159.

Footnote 2472:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 302, and liv. 51.

Footnote 2473:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 168.

Footnote 2474:

Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 180.

Footnote 2475:

Annali Universali di Medicina, 1839, iv. 12.

Footnote 2476:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 119, liii. 1.

Footnote 2477:

Robert’s paper, p. 223, also Lorinser’s Versuche, &c. of which there is an analysis in Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvi. 453.

Footnote 2478:

Taube—Geschichte der Kriebelkrankheit, quoted in Robert’s paper, p. 209.

Footnote 2479:

Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxiii. iv. 3, and lxxiv. v. 71, vi. 3.

Footnote 2480:

Descriptio morborum ex usu clavorum secalinorum cum pane, 1717. A full extract is given of this work in Acta Eruditorum, An. 1718. Lipsiæ, p. 309.

Footnote 2481:

L’Abbé Tessier, Mém. sur les effets du Seigle Ergoté. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. ii. 611.

Footnote 2482:

Robert, in Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 205.

Footnote 2483:

Ibid. 200.

Footnote 2484:

Ibid. 204.

Footnote 2485:

Ibid. 231, 232.

Footnote 2486:

Stearn’s in New York Med. Rep. 1307.—Bigelow in New England Journal of Med. and Surg. v.—Prescott in Lond. Med. and Phys. Journ. xxxvi.

Footnote 2487:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liii. 29.

Footnote 2488:

Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 332.

Footnote 2489:

Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 346.

Footnote 2490:

Sedillot’s Journ. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 200.

Footnote 2491:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, viii. 558.

Footnote 2492:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, vii. 122.

Footnote 2493:

Guérard in Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 35.

Footnote 2494:

Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 466, from Seeger, Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1760.

Footnote 2495:

Sur les Effets de l’Ivraie.—Nouv. Journ. de Méd. vi. 379.

Footnote 2496:

Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 466.

Footnote 2497:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 182.

Footnote 2498:

Buchner’s Toxikologie, 174.

Footnote 2499:

Annalen der Pharmacie, xvi. 318.

Footnote 2500:

Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. ii. 297.

Footnote 2501:

Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xlviii. 160.

Footnote 2502:

Nouvelle Bibliothèque Méd. iii. 439.

Footnote 2503:

Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 397.

Footnote 2504:

Journ. de Pharm., ii. 397.

Footnote 2505:

London Medical and Physical Journal, lxii. 86.

Footnote 2506:

Lancet, 1840–41, 552.

Footnote 2507:

Hist. des Plantes Ven. de la Suisse, 1776, p. 49.

Footnote 2508:

Bulletins de la Société de Pharmacie, 1809, p. 48.

Footnote 2509:

Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence.—Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1843, lx. 303.

Footnote 2510:

Journal de Pharmacie, iv. 340, 554.

Footnote 2511:

Philosophical Transactions, ci. 118.

Footnote 2512:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 451.

Footnote 2513:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xl. 277.

Footnote 2514:

Cooke on Nervous Diseases, i. 219.

Footnote 2515:

Lancet, 1839–40, i. 466.

Footnote 2516:

Ibid., 1838–39, ii. 233.

Footnote 2517:

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liv. 147.

Footnote 2518:

Edin. Medical and Surg. Journal, xl. 278.

Footnote 2519:

Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, xii. 489, from Bedingfield’s Compendium of Med. Practice.

Footnote 2520:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 454.

Footnote 2521:

Die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 306.

Footnote 2522:

Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 129.

Footnote 2523:

Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xvii. 43.

Footnote 2524:

Aufsätze, v. 94.

Footnote 2525:

Bright’s Reports of Medical Cases, i. 1.

Footnote 2526:

See on this subject, Grötzner, über die Truncksucht unde ihre Folgen.—Rust’s Mag. für die ges. Heilkunde, xx. 522.

Footnote 2527:

Edin. Medical and Surg. Journ. xl. 292.

Footnote 2528:

Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. ii. 59, iii. 38.

Footnote 2529:

On Nervous Diseases, i. 219.

Footnote 2530:

Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. iii. 38.

Footnote 2531:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xl. 282, 284, 293.

Footnote 2532:

Répertoire Gén. Anat. et de Physiol. Pathologique, i. 51.

Footnote 2533:

Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xxi. 522.

Footnote 2534:

Treatise on Nervous Diseases, i. 222.

Footnote 2535:

Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xl. 293.

Footnote 2536:

Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 126.

Footnote 2537:

Prize Inaugural Dissertation, on the presence of alcohol in the brain after poisoning with it. Edinburgh, 1839, _passim_.

Footnote 2538:

Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxi. 239.

Footnote 2539:

Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xl. 295.

Footnote 2540:

Smith, London Medical Gazette, ix. 502.

Footnote 2541:

Toxicol. Gén. ii. 456.

Footnote 2542:

Journal of Science, iv. 158.

Footnote 2543:

Midland Med. and Surg. Reporter, i., or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 452.

Footnote 2544:

Fechner’s Repertorium für Organischen Chemie, i. 1078.

Footnote 2545:

Toxikologie, 395.w

Footnote 2546:

Diction. des Scien. Méd. xxi. 605.

Footnote 2547:

Journal Universel. Novembre, 1829.

Footnote 2548:

Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxx. 425.

Footnote 2549:

Horn’s Archiv für Med. Erfahrung, 1824, i. 89, 91.

Footnote 2550:

Duncan’s Dispensatory, 12th edition, p. 552.

Footnote 2551:

Lancet, 1832–33, ii. 598.

Footnote 2552:

Lancet, 1833–34, i. 902.

Footnote 2553:

Natural, Chemical, Medicinal, and Physiological Properties of Creasote. Harveian Prize Essay, 1836, p. 66 to 99.

Footnote 2554:

Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xix.

Footnote 2555:

Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, i. 419.

Footnote 2556:

lii. 291.

Footnote 2557:

Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 61.

Footnote 2558:

Journal Universel des Sc. Méd. xvii. 120.

Footnote 2559:

London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix. 119.

Footnote 2560:

Martin-Solon. Journal Hebdomadaire, viii. 73.

Footnote 2561:

Gueneau de Mussy. Archives Gén. de Med. Deuxiême Série, i. 594.

THE END.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. P. 476, changed “exasperated by the use of oil” to “exacerbated by the use of oil”. 2. P. 513, changed “I may here add a very opposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy” to “I may here add a very apposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy”. 3. P. 712, added missing anchor for the last footnote. 4. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 5. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 6. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.