Part 18

After five days spent in viewing these and other curiosities of _Messina_, we set sail the thirtieth of October, and by the ninth of the next month were obliged by contrary winds to stand into the port of _Milo_. This isle, known to the antients by the name of _Melos_, and esteemed the largest of all the _Cyclades_, is deservedly famous for its fair and commodious harbour; which entring at a narrow chanel afterwards enlarges itself circularly into a lake, rather than a bay; being always calm, and spatious enough to receive a fleet of an hundred and fifty sail. I went ashore at this place with the greater satisfaction, considering that among other antiquities it lays claim to _Socrates_ and _Aristophanes_. It has a city of the same name, inhabited at present, like the other islands of the _Archipelago_, chiefly by Greek Christians, who have been burthened in the late war by a cruel tax of sixteen thousand dollars to the Venetians, as well as to the Turks; but by the benefit of the present peace, as its tribute to the former wholly ceases, so that to the latter is much mitigated. It is observable, that in every cultivated feild about the town, there stands a small Greek chapel, constantly adorned with the painted images of the _Virgin_ and _St. George_; and thither the zealous women of the place often retire with a priest, to say some supererogatory masses for the benefit of their private relations, whether dead or living. In a cave on the island there is a natural hot bath, which has proved very successful in many malignant maladies. Walking on the strand I observed another of the same nature, like that of _Licinius Crassus_, mentioned by Pliny, _Lib._ xxxi. _cap._ 2. The heat of this was so great, that I could not bear to keep my hand in it. The same shore affords a vein of black sand, of which we there gathered a quantity very clear and beautiful for the use of writing.

After a stop of four or five days at _Milo_, we had a very entertaining passage thro the isles of the _Archipelago_, and on the nineteenth of the same month arrived, by God’s providence, in good health at _Smyrna_; where I often remember, how many ways I stand indebted to you, which will be always gratefully acknowledged by,

_Reverend Sir_,

_Your_ etc.

E. CHISHULL.

_Smyrna, June 13, 1700._

_FINIS._

FOOTNOTES

[1] ΤΕΜΕΝΟΣ.

[2] Deest forsan ΛΗΙΟΝ.

[3] De _Venere Stratonicide_ vid. _Tacit. Annal._ _Lib._ iii. _cap._ 63.

[4] Vid. ἱερὰ ὁδὸς, apud _Harpocrat._

[5] ΚΛΕΙΜΑΞ, _scalare_, de quo vide _Reines. Inscript. antiq. Class. sept. num._ xvi.

[6] _Tartalée_ seems to be the _Mastusia_ of the antients, well describ’d by _Pliny_, _Lib._ v. _cap._ 29, to lie _a tergo Smyrnae_.

[7] The _Two Brothers_ are two eminences of _Mons Corycus_, concerning which see _Strabo_, _Lib._ xiv. p. 670.

[8] This practice of the Greek church, at the first elevation of the elements, is what gives just offence both to the Roman and Reformed churches; for tho of late they have generally embraced the doctrine of transubstantiation, yet by this act they pay a divine worship to the bread and wine even before this pretended conversion into the body and blood of _Christ_. Not but that this observation may be well improved to evince the novelty of this persuasion among the Greeks; and to shew, that both these ceremonies were at first but a meer bodily respect to the elements, and implied nothing of a divine adoration.

[9] To such as are not conceiv’d always worthy, or ready to communicate, the Greeks after the celebration of their _Liturgy_ distribute the ἀντίδωρον, or _bread barely blessed_, but not consecrated; which they conceive to be a symbol of the body of the _Virgin Mary_, and to be given instead of that of _Christ_.

[10]

_Nec pulcher Ganges, atque auro turbidus Hermus,_ _Laudibus Italiae certent._ Virg. Georg. ii. 137.

[11]

_Non illi satis est turbato sordidus auro_ _Hermus._ Mart. L. viii. Ep. 77.

[12] Liv. Lib. xxxvii. cap. 37. _Circa Magnesiam, quae ad Sipylum est, posuit castra._ Idem cap. 44. _A Magnesia, quae ad Meandrum est, et ab Epheso legati ad dedendas urbes venerunt._

[13] Καταφέρεται δ’ ὁ Πακτωλὸς εἰς Ἑρμὸν, εἰς ὃν καὶ ὁ Ὕλλος ἐμβάλλει, νυνὶ Φρύγιος καλούμενος. Strabo, Lib. xiii. pag. 626.

[14] _Magnesia ad Sipylum, a qua magnes lapis ferrum attrahens nomen sortitus est; ut idem a Lydia Lydius, et ab Heraclea Heraclius dictus est._ Hill _in Dionys. Periegesin_. Tho he seems to be mistaken in confounding this stone with the touchstone, or _lapis Lydius_.

[15] Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxvi. cap. 16.

[16]

_Lapis hic ut ferrum ducere possit,_ _Quem magneta vocant patrio de nomine Graii,_ _Magnetum quia sit patriis in finibus ortus._ L. vi. ℣. 608.

[17] _Auri argentique mentionem comitatur lapis, quem coticulam appellant; quondam non solitus inveniri nisi in flumine Tmolo, nunc vero passim; quem alii Lydium, alii Heraclium vocant._ Plin. Lib. xxxiii. cap. 8.

[18] Like what _Aristides_ says: Ὁ φίλοινος οὐχ ἡγεῖται ζημίαν, εἰ μηδεὶς αὐτῷ πίνοντι συνείσεται. Orat. Platonic. prim. pag. 182. edit. P. Steph.

[19] Liv. Lib. xxxvii. cap. 44. _Legati ab Thyatira et Magnesia ad Sipylum ad reddendas urbes venerunt_, says this historian, immediately after the action betwixt _Scipio_ and _Antiochus_. This action is at large described by _Appian_ as well as _Livy_, as happening betwixt _Thyatira_ and _Sardis_, upon the banks of the _Amnis Phrygius_, near _Magnesia ad Sipylum_; which is not the _Hermus_ (as some have thought) but a river running into the _Hermus_, which _Homer_ and _Herodotus_ call _Hyllus_, as _Strabo_ relates in the passage cited above, _p._ 9.

[20] See _Marm. Oxon._ ed. ab H. Prid. pag. 1.

[21] This _Statius Quadratus_ was that very proconsul, in whose presence, and by whose authority, _St. Polycarp_, bishop of _Smyrna_, was burnt alive in the amphitheatre of that city. His name is falsely written Τάτιος Κ. in the _Alexandrian Chronicle_, and Στράτιος in the _Epistle of the church of Smyrna_. But this stone confirms that correction, which has been made by bishop _Pearson_ and _Valesius_. It likewise favours that learned argument maintained by bishop _Pearson_, Dissert. ii. cap. xvi, xvii. pag. 291, by which he places this proconsulship and the martyrdom of _St. Polycarp_ in the tenth year of _Antoninus Pius_, _A. C._ 147. For in the fourth year of _M. Antoninus_, to which the _Alexandrian Chronicle_ refers it; as also in the year 167, to which it is referred by _Eusebius_ and _Valesius_; there were two _Caesars_, concerning whom _Eutropius_ says: _Tunc primum Rom. respublica duobus aequo jure imperium administrantibus paruit, cum usque ad eum singulos semper habuisset Augustos._ Lib. viii. cap. 5. But this inscription mentions only one _Caesar_, in the singular number. And as for that _Quadratus_, whom _Bucherius_ and _Usserius_ will have proconsul in _Asia_ in the year 169, his name was not _Statius_, but _T. Numidius_. See also mention of _Quadratus_ in _Aristidis Orat. Genethliac. in Apellam_; and in his _Sermon. Sacror._ iv.

[22] Καὶ γάρ τ’ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου, etc.

Νῦν δέ που ἐν πέτρῃσιν, ἐν οὔρεσιν οἰοπόλοισιν Ἐν Σιπύλῳ, ὅθι φασὶ θεάων ἔμμεναι εὐνὰς Νυμφάων, αἵτ’ ἀμφ’ Ἀχελώϊον ἐῤῥώσαντο, Ἔνθα, λίθος πὲρ ἐοῦσα θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει.

_Hom. Iliad._ ω. 602. On which passage the _Scholia_, usually ascribed to _Didymus_, have the following remark: Θρηνοῦσαν οὖν τὴν Νιόβην ἀφάτως τὸ τοιοῦτον δυστύχημα, Ζεὺς ἐλεήσας εἰς λίθον μετέβαλεν, ὃς καὶ μέχρι νῦν ἐν Σιπύλῳ τῆς Φρυγίας ὁρᾶται παρὰ πάντων πηγὰς δακρύων προϊέμενος. And _Pausanias_, _Attic._ _Lib._ i. _cap._ 21. says: Ταύτην τὴν Νιόβην καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνελθὼν ἐς τὸν Σίπυλον τὸ ὄρος. Ἥδε πλησίον μὲν πέτρα καὶ κρημνός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν παρόντι σχῆμα παρεχόμενος γυναικὸς, οὔτε ἄλλως, οὔτε πενθούσης· εἰ δέ γε ποῤῥωτέρω γένοιο, δεδακρυμένην δόξεις ὁρᾷν καὶ κατηφῆ γυναῖκα.

[23] Plin. Lib. v. cap. 29. _A Smyrna Hermus amnis campos facit, et nomini suo adoptat; oritur juxta Dorglaeum Phrygiae civitatem, multosque colligit fluvios, inter quos Hyllum et Cryon._

[24] See mention of these by _Herodian_, under the name of πολυάνδρια, in his description of that massacre of the Alexandrians by Caracalla, _Lib._ iv. _cap._ 17. _edit. Oxon._

[25] The sense of the word _barrows_ or _burroughs_ is by _Verstegan_ deduced from _burying_, and therefore well answers the Greek πολυάνδρια. Chap. vii. p. 211.

[26] Thus Lucan, _Stetit aggere fultus Cespitis_. Lib. v. ℣. 316.

And _Tacitus_, Annal. L. i. cap. 17. _Congerunt cespites._ See _Lipsii not._

[27] Ὅς σφι ψῆγμα χρυσοῦ καταφορέων ἐκ τοῦ Τμώλου διὰ μέσης τῆς ἀγορῆς ῥέει, καὶ ἔπειτα ἐς τὸν Ἕρμον ποταμὸν ἐκδιδοῖ, ὁ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν. _Lib._ v. _cap._ 101. And _Strabo_ says, _Lib._ xiii. _p._ 625. Ῥεῖ δ’ ὁ Πακτωλὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ Τμώλου, καταφέρων τὸ παλαιὸν χρυσοῦ ψῆγμα πολύ· ἀφ’ οὗ τὸν Κροίσου λεγόμενον πλοῦτον, καὶ τῶν προγόνων αὐτοῦ διονομασθῆναί φασί.

[28]

_Passaque ab auriferis tellus exire metallis_ _Pactolon, qua culta secat non vilior Hermus._ Lucan. Lib. iii. ℣. 209.

[29] Lib. xxxvi. cap. 14. _Summa miracula, epistylia tantae molis attolli potuisse_, etc. See mention of this difficulty in Wotton’s _Reflections upon ancient and modern learning_, pag. 67. edit. 1694.

[30] _Epistolae quatuor_, _pag._ 136, 137.

[31] Ἕρμος, says _Strabo_, Lib. xiii. pag. 626. ἐξ ὄρους ἱεροῦ τῆς Δινδυμένης εἰς τὴν Σαρδιανὴν φέρεται, κατὰ τὰ συνεχῆ πεδία, μέχρι τῆς θαλάττης.

[32]

_Iliad._ β′. ℣. 863 Τὼ Γυγαίη τέκε λίμνη, Oἳ καὶ Μῄονας ἦγον ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας.

[33] Ἐν δὲ σταδίοις τεσσαράκοντα ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐστὶν ἡ Γυγαία μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ λεγομένη. _Strab._ ubi supra.

[34] Ὑπέρκειται τῶν Σάρδεων ὁ Τμῶλος, εὔδαιμον ὄρος. _Strabo_, Lib. xiii. pag. 625.

[35]

Ovid. Met. Lib. xi. ℣. 150. _Riget arduus alto_ _Tmolus in ascensu; clivoque extensus utroque_ _Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis._

Ὕπαιπα δὲ πόλις ἐστὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Τμώλου εἰς τὸ τοῦ Καΰστρου πεδίον. Lib. xiii. pag. 627.

[36] Ὁ μέν γε Τμῶλος ἱκανῶς συνῆπται, καὶ περιγραφὴν ἔχει μετρίαν, ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀφοριζόμενος τοῖς Λυδίοις μέρεσιν· ἡ δὲ μεσόγαιος εἰς τὸ ἀντικείμενον μέρος διατείνει μέχρι Μυκάλης. _L._ xiii. p. 629. And a little after: Τῷ δὴ Καῦστριανῷ πεδίῳ μεταξὺ πίπτοντι τῆς τε Μεσωγειότητος, καὶ τοῦ Τμώλου, συνεχές ἐστι πρὸς ἑὼ τὸ Κιλβιανὸν πεδίον.

[37] The modern name _Tyria_ well answers to the antient Τυριαῖον which _Xenophon_ mentions as a well inhabited city, not far from Καΰστρου πεδίον. _De expedit. Cyri_, L. i.

[38] Lib. v. cap. 29. _Ephesus alluitur Cäystro, in Cilbianis jugis orto, multosque amnes deferente, et stagnum Pegasaeum, quod Phyrites amnis expellit._

[39] This is plain from _Strabo_, who having finished his account of _Ephesus_, and proceeding from thence towards _Smyrna_, says, Εἶτα τὸ Γαλλήσιον ὄρος, καὶ ἡ Κολοφὼν, _etc._ Lib. xiv. pag. 642.

[40] This likewise appears from _Strabo_, who tells us, that betwixt _Erythrae_, or the western part of that cape land, and the _isthmus_, which joins the same cape land to the continent, stands the mountain _Mimas_. Μεταξὺ τῶν Ἐρυθρῶν καὶ τοῦ ὑποκρήμνου Μίμας ἐστὶν, ὄρος ὑψηλόν. _Ibid._ _pag._ 645.

[41] Chap. vi. ℣. 5. _De Joannis autographo, Ephesi servato, vid. Pfaffii Dissert._ p. 154.

[42] Οἱ ἐξ Ἐφέσου εἰς Σάρδις εἰσὶ τεσσεράκοντα καὶ πεντακόσιοι στάδιοι. _Herodot._ Lib. v. cap. 54.

[43] The mountains, that enclose the city and plain of _Ephesus_, are _Gallesius_ to the north, _Mycale_ to the south, and _Pactyas_ to the east.

[44] _Ephesus attollitur monte Pione, alluitur Caystro._ Plin. Lib. v. cap. 29.

[45] Concerning this church see _Procopii_ Ἀνέκδοτα, _p._ 12. and Ἰουστ. Κτισμ. _pag._ 45, where it is said to have been rebuilt by an order from _Justinian_.

[46] See F. Simon’s _Histoire critique de la creance et des coûtumes des nations du Levant_, chap. 7, 8.

[47] Plin. _Lib._ xxxvi. _c._ 14. _In solo id palustri fecere._ And _Lib._ v. _c._ 29. _Templum Dianae complexi e diversis regionibus duo Selenuntes_, that is, two _Selenusian_ lakes.

[48] Strabo, _Lib._ xiv. _pag._ 639, _et_ 642. Εἶτα Πύγελα πολίχνιον (which now is called _Scala Nova_) εἶτα λιμὴν Πάνορμος καλούμενος, ἔχων ἱερὸν τῆς Ἐφεσίας Ἀρτέμιδος· εἶθ’ ἡ πόλις. And again: Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ Καΰστρου λίμην ἐστὶν ἐκ τοῦ πελάγους ἀναχεομένη· καλεῖται δὲ Σεληνουσία, καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἄλλη σύῤῥους αὐτῇ.

[49] These particulars, as collected out of several authors, are to be seen in _Supplem. in Q. Curt._ _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 7.

[50] See these and other particulars in _Plin._ _Lib._ xxxvi. _cap._ 14.

[51] This is the face of the moon _aspide cincta comas_. See _Thes. Rom. Ant._ _Vol._ v. _p._ 779.

[52] Herodian. _Lib._ I. _cap._ 39. Ἡ δὲ πρεσβυτάτη τῶν Κομμόδου ἀδελφῶν (Φαδίλλα ἦν ὄνομα αὐτῇ) εἰσδραμοῦσα, _etc._

See likewise _Grut._ _pag._ MLXVI, _n._ 13. and _Fabrett._ _Inscriptiones_, _pag._ 746.

[53] _Pag._ 255. But the reader may see it more perfect in the few sheets, which were printed, of the second part of _Antiq. Asiat._

[54] See pag. 254.

[55] Ἐξ Ἐφέσου μέχρι Σμύρνης ὁδός ἐστιν ἐπ’ εὐθείας τριακόσιοι εἴκοσι στάδιοι· εἰς γὰρ Μητρόπολιν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι στάδιοι, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ εἰς Σμύρναν. Strab. Lib. xiv. p. 632.

[56] Lib. v. cap. 29. _Ephesus alluitur Câystro multos amnes deferente, et stagnum Pegasaeum, quod Phyrites amnis expellit._

[57] _Mitylene_, made more remarkable for those words of the _Lesbians_ to _Pompey_, then fled hither:

_Fac, Magne, locum, quem cuncta revisant_ _Saecula, quem veniens hospes Romanus adoret._ Lucan. Lib. viii. ℣. 114.

[58] See _Strab._ _Lib._ xiii. _pag._ 615.

[59] Hence _Virgil_, _Culic._ ℣. 312.

_Omnis ut in cineres Rhoetei litoris ora,_ _Classibus ambustis, flamma superante, daretur._

See likewise _Xenoph._ _Hist. Graec. L._ i. _in prin._ ὡς ἤνοιγε περὶ τὸ Ῥοίτειον. And _P. Mel._ L. i. c. 18. _Extra sinum sunt Rhoetea littora._

[60] Lib. viii. p. 599. Οὐδὲν ἴχνος σώζεται τῆς ἀρχαίας πόλεως.

And in like manner, _Lucan_, _Lib._ ix. ℣. 968.

_Tota teguntur_ _Pergama dumetis, et jam periere ruinae._

[61] _Polybius_ makes the breadth of the _Hellespont_ here to be no more than two furlongs, _Lib._ xvi. _p._ 735.

[62] In some modern prints _Aidos_. The most memorable siege of this place by king _Philip_ of _Macedon_ is related by _Livy_, _Lib._ xxxi. _cap._ 17.

[63] Γενόμενος δὲ μεταξὺ Τρωάδος καὶ τῆς ἀρχαίας Ἰλίου, καὶ τόπον εὑρὼν εἰς πόλεως κατασκευήν ἐπιτήδειον, θεμελίους τε ἐπήξατο, καὶ τείχους τὶ μέρος εἰς ὕψος ἀνέστησεν· ὅπερ ἄχρι νῦν ὁρᾷν ἔνεστι ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον πλέουσιν. Zosim. Lib. ii. pag. 105. ed. Oxon.

[64] _Europamque Asiae, Sestonque admovit Abydo._ Lucan. Lib. ii. ℣. 674.

[65] _Lib._ xiii. _pag._ 59.

[66] _Her. et Leand._ ℣. 23, 24.

[67] _Callipolis quoque ac Madytos dedita, et castella quaedam ignobilia._ Liv. Lib. xxxi. cap. 16.

[68] Lib. xiii. p. 589. Ἡ Λάμψακος ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ πόλις ἐστὶν εὐλίμενος καὶ ἀξιόλογος. Et mox: Ἐν τῇ στεῤῥᾷ τῆς Χεῤῥονήσου πολίχνιον ἐστὶ Καλλίπολις.

[69] Concerning these monuments particularly see _Gyllius_, _Constantinop. topogr._ _Lib._ ii. _c._ 12, 13.

[70] Concerning the interpretation of which, together with an history of the _Rom. obelisks_, see _Ammian. Marcell._ _Lib._ xvii. _c._ 4, and _Smith_, _Constantinop. brev. notit._ _p._ 117.

[71] Πρόκλῳ in Anthologia, _Lib._ iv. _p._ 488.

[72] See _Zosim._ _Lib._ iv. _p._ 265.

[73] See _Cang. Constant. Christian._ _Lib._ ii. _pag._ 105.

[74] _L._ i. _p._ 34. of his _Travels._

[75] Concerning these see _Pliny_, _Lib._ iv. _cap._ 13.

[76] See _Gruter_, _pag._ ccxxviii, and _Wheler_, _pag._ 207.

[77] See _Du Fresne_, _Glossar. Graec. Tab._ i. _oper. praemiss._

[78] This is part of an epigram, Εἰς Διομήδους τάφον, Antholog. _Lib._ vi. _p._ 563.

[79] _Lib._ iii. ℣. 277. Concerning the current of the _Maeotis_ see _Polybius_, _Lib._ iv. _p._ 307; and of that at _Gades_, Mr. _Halley’s Discourse_ in _Le Clerc’s Physic._ _L._ ii. _c._ 8.

[80] Concerning the antient situation of _Chalcédon_ see _Zosim._ _L._ ii. _p._ 100, and of this church, _L._ v. _p._ 314, and _Evagr._ _L._ ii. _c._ 3.

[81] _Lib._ ii. _pag._ 106.

[82] For _Valentinian’s_ building these aqueducts see _Socrates_ by _Valesius_, and _Niceph._ _Constantin. Hist._ _vol._ ii. _p._ 418.

[83] In his _Chronicon_.

[84] _Book_ i. _pag._ 34.

[85] In relation to this inscription the medal of _Belisarius_ may be observed, on the reverse of which are the words DEVICTIS GOTHIS.

[86] See Eusebius’s _Life of Constantine_.

[87] An account of the like rich marble work may be seen in _Stat._ _Sylv._ _Lib._ i. _c._ 5. where he describes the bath of _Claudius Etruscus_.

[88] The particulars of each are described in the exact and faithful account of _Grelot_, which may be compared with that of _Procopius_.

[89] _Eclog._ vi. _vers._ 43.

[90] Pag. 232 of his _Travels_.

[91] Idem forsan ac σαββατείῳ apud _Joseph. Antiq. Jud. edit. Oxon. p. 722. l. ult._

[92] ΕΦ Ω. vid. _Grut._ _pag._ DCCXLIX. _num. 4._

[93] Αυδηνᾶιος, ὄνομα μηνὸς παρὰ Μακεδόσιν, ὁ Ἰανουάριος. _Suidas._

[94] In this inscription the Ι is always added to the last vowel of the dative singular, which in small letters is now usually placed under it.

[95] _Lib._ xxxvii.

[96] Vid. _Marmor. Oxon._ p. 297, _ed. Prid._

[97] By this and the following inscription we find, there were several schools here, where young persons were trained up to athletic exercises in honour of _Hercules_. For as _Lipsius_ observes, _Saturnal. Serm._ _L._ iii. _c._ 23. _Athletis et gladiatoribus Hercules praeesse putabatur, qui facta ejus et robur aemularentur. De athletis lapis Graecus Romae indicat; in quo aliquoties nominati_, οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἀθληταὶ, id est, _Herculanei athletae_. So in other inscriptions we have οἱ περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον τεχνῖται, artists employed in the rites of _Bacchus_.

[98] In this inscription the Ι is added to the last vowel of the dative case, as in that above, pag. 53.

[99] _Iliad._ γ. ℣. 339.

[100] See _Strabo_, _Lib._ xii. _pag._ 550.

[101] See _Homer_, _Iliad._ β. _in catalog._ ℣. 335.

[102] This river must be the _Granicus_, which seems to bend its course towards the _Peninsula_ of _Cyzicus_.

[103] While I was absent from the _conáck_, some Turks brought medals to be sold, which I lost the opportunity of purchasing, because Mr. Farington suspected them to be spies.

[104] Ἔπλευσαν ἐς Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς, ἀντίον τῆς Λαμψάκου, διεῖχε δὲ ὁ Ἑλλήσποντος ταύτης σταδίους ὡς πεντεκαίδεκα. _Hist. Graec. L._ ii. _p._ 455. _edit. Leunclav._

[105] _Pag._ 42.

[106] The _Hebrus_ is large and full in winter, yet carries but a slow stream, which in the summer time is scarce able to flow. Hence _Ovid._ Heroid. ii. ℣. 115.

_Et sacer admissas exigit Hebrus aquas._

But _Virgil_, who, as appears from his geography of _Troy_, was not so well acquainted with these parts, says: Aen. i. ℣. 321.

_Volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum._

[107] _Zosimus_, Lib. ii. p. 95. ed. Oxon. Καθ’ ὃ τωνος εειος ποταμὸς τῷ Ἑβρῳ συμβάλλει.

[108] _Ibidem._

[109] See _Pythagorae Symbolum_, Προσκυνεῖν περιφερόμενος, _apud Lil. Gyrald. Tom._ ii. _p._ 669. _edit._ 1696.

[110] So _Justin_ describing the rites of Bacchus, with which the soldiers of _Alexander_ were inspired says: _Exercitus ejus repentino impetu mentis in sacros dei ululatus instinctus, cum stupore regis, sine noxa discurrit._ Lib. xii. c. 7.

[111] See this sect described, and called _Tzophilar_, by Hottinger, _Hist. orient. pag._ 365.

[112] Concerning the longevity of the _Aemimontian_ Thracians see _Amm. Marc. L._ xxvii. _c._ 4.

[113] Here I happily attained that wish of _Virgil_, Georg. Lib. ii. ℣. 488.

_O, qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi_ _Sistat, et ingenti ramorum protegat umbra!_

[114] _Suam quisque domum spatio circundat, sive adversus casus ignis remedium, sive inscitia aedificandi. Ne caementorum apud illos, aut tegularum usus._ Tacit. De m. G. c. xvi.

[115] Aur. Victor. Epit. cap. XL. _Galerius ortus Dacia Ripensi, quem locum Romulianum ex vocabulo Romulae matris appellarat._

[116] The Sclavonian character is twofold; one said to be invented by _St. Hierom_, which is now used by the Rascians and Bosnians; the other by _St. Cyril_, proper to Valachia, Moldavia, Muscovy, _&c._

[117] This inscription was first published by _Reinesius_, _Class._ vi. _n._ 90. and from him by _Sponius_, _Miscell. erud. antiq._ _p._ 294. But both of them vary somewhat from the reading here given.

[118] It is probable these stones might all come from _Ulpia Trajana_, formerly called _Sarmazegethusa_, concerning which see _Zamosius_, in _Analect. Antiq. Transyl._ _c._ 4.

[119] Ovid. ad Liviam, ℣. 387.

_Danubiusque rapax, et Dacius orbe remoto_ _Apulus, huic hosti per breve Pontus iter._

[120] Sabina, NOVA CERES; _et_ Julia Pia, NOVA VESTA: _Bonarot. Observ._ _p._ 4. NYMPHAE AVGVSTAE, _Spon_, _Recherch. d’Antiq. Diss._ xxix. p. 481. Saxopol. in Dacia, NYMPHIS SALVTIFERIS SACRVM.

[121] In libello inscript. _Analecta lap. Transylv. prov._ legitur RVFFINVS, sed reclamante lapide.

[122] In Latin _Enyedinum_, or _Aniadinum_, from the _via Annia_, mentioned in an inscription in _Zamosius_, _c._ v.

[123] Forte COLON, AP. ut in _Zamosii Inscript._ _cap._ 7. COL. APVL. et COLONIAE APVLENSIS.

[124] Forte CENOTAPHIVM.

[125] The like cyphers I afterwards saw at _Vienna_, near _Porta Rubra_; where I took notice of the following date, [Illustration], which in our modern characters is 1467.

[126] His designed ransom, after his death in Poland, was unjustly detained in this province.

[127] Concerning the antient characters of the Siculians, and their manner of writing downwards like the Sinese, see _Zamos._ c. 3.

[128] So great is the aversion of these _Valachs_ to the killing of calves, that to redeem one taken by General _Robutin_, they offered him the choice of all their children.

[129] See pag. 92.

[130] _Veste non fluitante, sed stricta, et singulos artus exprimente._ Tacitus De moribus Germanorum, cap. xvii.

[131] So Martial, Spectac. Epigr. 3. _Crinibus in nodum tortis venere Sicambri._

And Tacitus says the like of the _Suevi_, De morib. Germ. c. 38. _Insigne gentis obliquare crinem, nodoque substringere._

[132] This trial of water, as well as that of fire, is authorized by the laws of _Ladislaus_, King of Hungary. _Decret. S. Ladislai_, _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 28.

[133] _Est in Africa consuetudo incolarum, ut in agris, et in omnibus fere villis, sub terra specus condendi frumenti gratia clam habeant; atque id propter bella maxime, hostiumque subitum adventum praeparent_: De bello Africano, cap. 65.

[134] _Travels into divers parts of Europe_, p. 145.

[135] Vid. _Plin._ _Lib._ xxviii. _c._ i. et _Harduin._ in loc.

[136] _Lib._ ii. _cap._ 96 _et_ 114.

[137] See _Imhof._ _Lib._ x. _cap._ 16.

[138] _Spon_, who has published this inscription, observes, that by these QVADRIBIS might be meant, _seminumina quadriviis praesidentia; quales in biviis et triviis_ Hermi _seu_ Mercurii _ab antiquis culti_. Miscell. erud. antiq. pag. 84.

[139] Vid. Apul. De Iside: _Cujus numen unicum multiformi specie, ritu vario, nomine multijuge totus veneratur orbis._ Metam. Lib. ii. pag. 280.

[140] See an instance of this in _Sweden_, reported in the _Huetiana_, p. 124. N. LIV.

[141] Ovid. Fast. L. i. ℣. 205.

_Nec pudor in stipula placidam cepisse quietem,_ _Et foenum capiti supposuisse, fuit._

[142] These two are published both in _Grut._ but each of them with some little variation. _pag._ CCCLII, _n._ 5. and _Fleetwood_, _pag._ 152.

[143] ΟΦΡ ΑΝ ΕΣ ΑΔΩ.

[144] _Cap._ 17.

[145] _Lib._ iv. _parag._ 24.

[146] _Odyss._ M. ℣. 235.

[147] _Aen._ iii. ℣. 420.

[148] _Lib._ v. ℣. 1197.

[149] _In Verr._ iv. _cap._ 48.

_ERRATA._