Part 1
[Transcriber's Note: Bolded sections are rendered with equal signs e.g. =bold=.
The oe ligature is rendered as[oe] e.g. Ph[oe]nixville.
The following table is a cross index relating ASCE papers to Project Gutenberg(TM) file directories e.g. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/18229/ for paper 1150.
+-----+------------------------------------------------------+------+ |Paper|PAPER NAME & Author | PG | | No | | file | | | | No | |-----+------------------------------------------------------+------| |1150 |THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA |18229 | | |RAILROAD. By Charles W. Raymond | | |1151 |THE NORTH RIVER DIVISION. By Charles M. Jacobs |18548 | |1152 |THE EAST RIVER DIVISION. By Alfred Noble |18065 | |1153 |MEADOWS DIVISION AND HARRISON TRANSFER YARD. By E. B. |18012 | | |Temple | | |1154 |THE BERGEN HILL TUNNELS. By F. Lavis |21083 | |1155 |THE NORTH RIVER TUNNELS. By B. H. M. Hewett and W. L. |42149 | | |Brown | | |1156 |THE TERMINAL STATION WEST. By B. F. Cresson, Jr. |17302 | |1157 |THE SITE OF THE TERMINAL STATION. By George C. Clarke |18408 | |1158 |THE CROSS TOWN TUNNELS. By James H. Brace and Francis |19037 | | |Mason | | |1159 |THE EAST RIVER TUNNELS. By James H. Brace, Francis |18722 | | |Mason, and S. H. Woodard | | +-----+------------------------------------------------------+------+
]
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN SOCIETY
OF
CIVIL ENGINEERS
(INSTITUTED 1852)
VOL. LXVIII
SEPTEMBER, 1910
Edited by the Secretary, under the direction of the Committee on Publications. Reprints from this publication, which is copyrighted, may be made on condition that the full title of Paper, name of Author, and page reference are given.
NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
1910
* * * * *
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1910, by the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
* * * * *
NOTE.--This Society is not responsible, as a body, for the facts and opinions advanced in any of its publications.
CONTENTS
THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
NO. PAGE
1150 THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA 1 RAILROAD. By Charles W. Raymond
1151 THE NORTH RIVER DIVISION. By Charles M. Jacobs 32
1152 THE EAST RIVER DIVISION. By Alfred Noble 62
1153 MEADOWS DIVISION AND HARRISON TRANSFER YARD. By E. B. 75 Temple
1154 THE BERGEN HILL TUNNELS. By F. Lavis 84
1155 THE NORTH RIVER TUNNELS. By B. H. M. Hewett and W. L. 152 Brown
1156 THE TERMINAL STATION-WEST. By B. F. Cresson, Jr. 303
1157 THE SITE OF THE TERMINAL STATION. By George C. Clarke 340
1158 THE CROSS-TOWN TUNNELS. By James H. Brace and Francis 391 Mason
1159 THE EAST RIVER TUNNELS. By James H. Brace, Francis Mason, 419 and S. H. Woodard
MEMOIRS OF DECEASED MEMBERS PAGE
JOHN FISKE BARNARD, M. AM. SOC. C. E. 479
ROBERT L. ENGLE, M. AM. SOC. C. E. 480
CHARLES HERBERT DEANS, ASSOC. M. AM. SOC. C. E. 482
WILLIAM MEIER, ASSOC. M. AM. SOC. C. E. 485
=This Volume and the succeeding Volume of Transactions (Vol. LXIX) will contain all the Papers descriptive of the New York Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. A general index covering both Volumes will be issued in Vol. LXIX.=
PLATES
PLATE PAPER PAGE
I. Map and Profile, Pennsylvania Tunnel & 1150 19 Terminal R. R., North Bergen Tunnel to Long Island City
II. Map and Profile, Harrison Yard to Bergen Hill 1150 21 Tunnel
III. Plan of Sunnyside Yard 1150 23
IV. View of Tunnel Under Part of Atlantic Avenue, 1151 37 Brooklyn, N.Y.
V. New York Underground Railway Company: Section 1151 39 Through Surface and Underground Stations
VI. Pennsylvania Railroad Extension: Map Showing 1151 45 Proposed Lines Leading to Those Finally Adopted
VII. Plan, Profile, and Triangulation, North River 1151 47 Tunnels
VIII. Typical Sections Between Manholes, Bergen 1151 51 Hill Tunnels
IX. Map of Manhattan Island from Twenty-third to 1152 63 Fortieth Streets
X. Manhattan Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 65
XI. Long Island Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 67
XII. Typical Tunnel Sections 1152 69
XIII. Plan and Profile, East River Tunnels 1152 71
XIV. Map and Profile, Cross-Town Tunnels 1152 73
XV. Plan and Profile of Lines A and B, and 1152 75 Sunnyside Yard
XVI. Plan and Profile of the Pennsylvania Tunnel & 1153 77 Terminal R. R., from Harrison, N. J., to the Hudson River
XVII. Plan of Harrison Yard 1153 79
XVIII. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison 1153 81 Transfer Station
XIX. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison 1153 81 Transfer Station
XX. Lift Rail and Locking Device for Hackensack 1153 83 River Draw-Bridge
XXI. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; 1154 85 Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete
XXII. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in 1154 87 Concrete Forms
XXIII. Record of Drilling, Air Pressure, Mucking, 1154 95 etc., in Bergen Hill Tunnels
XXIV. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing 1154 119 Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls
XXV. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; 1154 129 Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining
XXVI. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling 1154 137 Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc.
XXVII. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying 1154 145 Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach
XXVIII. Plan and Profile of Parts of North River 1155 153 Tunnels
XXIX. Weehawken Shaft; and Tunnel Shield Showing 1155 159 Hood
XXX. Yard and Offices at Manhattan and Weehawken 1155 161 Shafts
XXXI. Tunneling Shield 1155 167
XXXII. Thirty-Second Street Tunnels and Shield 1155 175 Chambers
XXXIII. General Methods of Excavation Adopted for 1155 177 Land Tunnels
XXXIV. Plan and Longitudinal Section of Weehawken 1155 193 Tunnels
XXXV. Apparatus for Cleaning and Rodding Electric 1155 205 Cable Ducts
XXXVI. Diagram Showing Lines and Grades in River 1155 229 Tunnel North
XXXVII. Cross-Section of Subaqueous Tunnels Showing 1155 231 Reinforcement
XXXVIII. Back of Shield in South Tunnel; and Rear View 1155 237 of Shield During Erection of First Ring of Iron Lining
PLATE PAPER PAGE
XXXIX. View of Meeting of Shields; and Lowering 1155 253 Segment into Tunnel Invert
XL. Sections of Tunnel During Construction, 1155 255 Showing Shield, Air Locks, Platforms, Etc.
XLI. Placing Key Segment; and Method of Grouting 1155 257 Outside Iron
XLII. Duct Bench Concrete Form in River Tunnels 1155 283
XLIII. End of Portable and Adjustable Forms 1155 285 for Building Side Bench; and Steel Rod Reinforcement in River Tunnels
XLIV. Details of 20-Ft. Movable Form and Traveler 1155 287 for Concrete Arches
XLV. Traveling Concrete Form for Face of Bench 1155 291 Walls
XLVI. Mechanical Analysis of Sand Used in Mortar 1155 297 and Concrete
XLVII. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of 1156 307 Terminal Station
XLVIII. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for 1156 317 Ninth Avenue Structures
XLIX. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue 1156 321 Elevated Railway
L. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth 1156 325 and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls
LI. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in 1156 333 Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle
LII. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated 1156 335 Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc.
LIII. Pennsylvania Station, New York City; Plan 1157 341 Showing Area at Track Level
LIV. Diagram Showing Widths of Base of Retaining 1157 349 Wall Required for Different Batters and Pressures, Pennsylvania Station
LV. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. 1157 361 Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River
LVI. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in 1157 363 Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site
LVII. Methods of Excavation, Cross-Town Tunnels, 1158 393 Manhattan
LVIII. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, 1158 395 Cross-Town Tunnels
LIX. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, 1158 399 Cross-Town Tunnels
LX. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, 1158 407 Cross-Town Tunnels
LXI. Sections Showing Method of Excavating and 1158 413 Timbering in Heavy Ground, Three-Track Tunnel; and Carriage Form for Side Walls, Cross-Town Twin Tunnels
LXII. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, 1158 417 Cross-Town Tunnels
LXIII. Methods of Excavation in All Rock, East River 1159 423 Tunnels
LXIV. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, 1159 425 Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels
LXV. Shields Fitted with Sectional Sliding Hoods 1159 433 and Sliding Extensions and with Fixed Hoods and Fixed Extensions to Floors, East River Tunnels
LXVI. Rear of Shield Showing Complete Fittings, 1159 435 and Shield with Lower Portion of Bulkhead Removed, East River Tunnels
LXVII. Methods of Tunneling in Rock, East River 1159 437 Tunnels
LXVIII. Operation of Shields, East River Tunnels 1159 439
LXIX. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in 1159 441 Rock and Sand, East River Tunnels
LXX. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters 1159 443 on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels
LXXI. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in 1159 445 Sand, and Final Breasting and Bulkheading, East River Tunnels
LXXII. Method of Operating Shields in Soft Ground, 1159 453 East River Tunnels
LXXIII. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of 1159 455 Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels
LXXIV. Methods of Placing Concrete Inside the Iron 1159 475 Tube, East River Tunnels
MEMOIRS OF DECEASED MEMBERS.
=JOHN FISKE BARNARD, M. Am. Soc. C. E.=[1]
[1] Memoir prepared by W. K. Barnard, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E.
DIED FEBRUARY 6TH, 1910.
John Fiske Barnard was born in Worcester, Mass., on April 23d. 1829. He was graduated from the Bridgewater Normal School, and from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
In November, 1850, Mr. Barnard entered the railway service. He held various engineering and operating positions with the Grand Trunk Railway and its subsidiary lines in Lower Canada, and served as Chief Engineer of the Grand Trunk South of the St. Lawrence River for the last three years of his connection with that road.
In May, 1869, he went to the Missouri Valley Railroad as Superintendent and Chief Engineer. During the same year he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Kansas City-St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, and remained with this road and the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad (both now a part of the Burlington Missouri Lines), as Chief Engineer, General Superintendent, and General Manager, until 1886. During this time Mr. Barnard was also President of the Atchison Union Depot Company and the St. Joseph Union Stock Yards Company, Secretary and Treasurer of the St. Joseph Depot Company, and Director in various railroad companies.
In 1886, Mr. Barnard was appointed President and General Manager of the Ohio and Mississippi Railway, which position he occupied until 1892. From that time until 1893, he was engaged on several reports of projected railroads and appraisals of industrial and railroad properties.
From 1893 to 1898, Mr. Barnard was Receiver of the Omaha and St. Louis (now Wabash) Railway, during part of which time he was also President of the Alton Bridge Company, and Receiver of the St. Clair-Madison and St. Louis Belt Line.
In the spring of 1905 he moved to Los Angeles, Cal., where he lived until February 6th, 1910, when, after an illness of several months, he died at his home at the age of 81 years.
Mr. Barnard was elected a Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers on September 1st, 1880. He was also a Member of the American Geographical Society.
=ROBERT L. ENGLE, M. Am. Soc. C. E.=[2]
[2] Memoir prepared by O. E. Selby, Jun. Am. Soc. C. E.
DIED OCTOBER 16TH, 1909.
Robert L. Engle was born on December 5th, 1846. He was a product of the time when opportunities for technical training were few, so that his engineering education was gained largely by contact with actual work. He began his professional career after the Civil War, in which he served for two years in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry.
The first construction work of any note on which Mr. Engle was engaged was the building of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, now a part of the Baltimore and Ohio System, extending from Cincinnati to St. Louis. Later, and up to 1878, he was connected with the construction of the Cincinnati Southern Railway, Cincinnati's municipally owned railway, as Division Engineer, at Ray Springs, Tenn. This work included several tunnels and other heavy work in the mountain territory.
After the completion of the Cincinnati Southern, Mr. Engle went West, and was engaged in the construction of the Santa Fé Railroad at Trinidad, Colo., in the capacity of Assistant Chief Engineer. Under his direction the Royal Gorge Hanging Bridge was built, and much other interesting work was carried out. Mr. Engle's forte was location, and in the mountainous regions of the West he found ample exercise for this faculty. From Trinidad he moved to Santa Fé, N. Mex. His name is borne by Engle, N. Mex., now a thriving Western town.
While still in the West, Mr. Engle was connected with the Mexican Central Railroad, at Chihuahua, Mexico, on construction work, and with the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. It is thus seen that he played a part in much of the important pioneer railroad development of the mountain region of the West.
In 1885, Mr. Engle began work on the location and construction of the Chicago, Burlington, and Northern Railroad, now part of the Burlington System, being located at St. Paul, Minn., as Assistant Chief Engineer of that portion of the line north of La Crosse, Wis. Later, his jurisdiction included the whole line. During 1887 and a part of 1888, he had charge of the construction of the Illinois Valley and Northern Railroad, as Chief Engineer, at La Salle, Ill. In the latter part of 1888 he conducted surveys for coal branch lines connecting with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, in the mountains of West Virginia.
Beginning in September, 1889, Mr. Engle was Resident Engineer on the construction of the Louisville and Jeffersonville Bridge over the Ohio River. During his term of service the substructure, involving several deep pneumatic foundations, was built, and parts of the approaches were erected. During his stay at Louisville Mr. Engle was selected as Arbitrator in a matter of disputed classification between the company and the contractor for the Pike's Peak Rack Railroad, and effected a satisfactory settlement. Among other things his later service included location work on the Tennessee Central Railroad, in 1892; location and construction work for the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, in Arkansas; and construction work on the Tidewater Railroad, now the Virginian Railway, at Princeton, W. Va. At the time of his death he was employed as Engineer for the contracting firm of Carpenter and Boxley, at Johnson City, Tenn.
With the death of Robert L. Engle, the Profession loses one of those sturdy, self-made engineers, to whom the country is largely indebted for pushing railroad construction overland and through the West. In character, rugged like the mountains with which he was associated, he was still the gentlest of souls to those associated with him in subordinate capacities. The writer knew him as Chief and friend for many years, and cannot recall any departures from the lines of the highest dignity, rectitude, good habits, and good nature.
Mr. Engle was a Member of the Engineers' Club of Cincinnati from the time of its organization. He maintained his home in Cincinnati for twenty-one years, while his engagements kept him at various other places.
On February 20th, 1879, Mr. Engle married Miss Sallie McQueety, of Cincinnati, and is survived by her and their son and two daughters. His family and social relations were most happy, although his enforced absences from home kept him from much of the social contact which his qualities deserved.
Mr. Engle was elected a Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers on September 7th, 1881.
=CHARLES HERBERT DEANS, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E.=[3]
[3]Memoir prepared by Emil Diebitsch and Edwin S. Jarrett, Members, Am. Soc. C. E.
DIED MARCH 7TH, 1909.
Charles Herbert Deans was born in Chester, Delaware County, Pa., on November 30th, 1863, and died at his home in Ph[oe]nixville, Pa., on March 7th, 1909.
His father, Charles Woodbury Deans, was prominent in educational work, and was active in the early organization and in the popularization of the Common School System of the State of Pennsylvania.
On his father's side Mr. Deans was descended from the Deans and Sterling families, who, immediately following the War of the Revolution, emigrated from Connecticut to Susquehanna and Wyoming Counties, Pennsylvania. His mother was Priscilla Lyons Williams, of Chester, Delaware County, Pa., who was descended from the Lyons family of New Jersey and the Williams and Pennell families of Pennsylvania.
From both his father and his mother Mr. Deans inherited a taste and aptitude for study. His youthful environment was among books and in an atmosphere which naturally encouraged the desire he early formed to fit himself for a professional life.
His education was begun in private schools, but later he attended the public schools, and was graduated from the High School at Ph[oe]nixville, Pa., in 1881. He spent the next four years in practical work, learning business methods, becoming an excellent and accurate accountant, and familiarizing himself, in the works of the Ph[oe]nix Iron Company, with mill and shop methods and practice, and the metallurgy of iron and steel.
In 1885, Mr. Deans entered Lehigh University, well prepared in his studies, with a mind ripe for the absorption of further knowledge, and a temperament for enjoying to the utmost the four years of University life before him. He was a good student, standing well up in the first quarter of his class. He was elected a member of Theta Delta Chi Fraternity, was one of the Editors and Assistant Business Manager of the college Annual in his Junior year, and Business Manager of the Engineering Journal in his Senior year. He was graduated in 1889 with the degree of C. E.
As a boy Mr. Deans was fond of games and all healthy outdoor sports. He was a lover of Nature and of animals, fond of fishing and hunting, and was never happier than when roaming the beautiful woods and mountains of his native State. With such tastes it was natural to find him, in his college days, a participator in, and an enthusiastic supporter of, athletic games.
Not only in athletics, but in all things pertaining to Lehigh University, Mr. Deans was a most loyal and enthusiastic son of his Alma Mater, both at college and after he had gone out into the world. He thoroughly appreciated the benefits derived from his technical training, and was so eager that others should share them, that early in his business career he advanced sufficient funds to two ambitious young men to carry them through Lehigh.
Immediately after graduation Mr. Deans entered the employ of Sooysmith and Company, the well-known foundation engineers and contractors. He rapidly advanced to positions of responsibility with this company, and, in 1895, became its Vice-President and Chief Executive Officer. When, a year or two later, Charles Sooysmith, M. Am. Soc. C. E., retired from active business, Mr. Deans organized, from the Sooysmith and Company staff, the Engineering Contract Company, of which he became President. Pressure of business seriously undermining his health, he was forced to give up temporarily all work in 1900, and to spend the next two years in the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania. On regaining his health, he associated himself with the firm of John Monks and Son, of New York City, and, at the time of his death, he was Second Vice-President of that company.
While under his executive charge, both Sooysmith and Company and the Engineering Contract Company, constructed a number of the most important bridge foundations in the United States, and the former firm first successfully introduced pneumatic work in the foundations of the modern high office buildings of New York City, notably the Manhattan Life, Washington Life, Standard Oil, and Empire Buildings on Lower Broadway. At the time of his death, Mr. Deans was in full charge of the building of the piers of the reconstructed Baltimore and Ohio bridge over the Susquehanna River, at Havre de Grace, Md.