Part 11

‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente then, ‘Wher euer be that fendes den?’ They answered hym anone: 965 ‘In a castell in the see, Slogus’ they sayd ‘hyght he, Many a man he hath slone. 968

[Sidenote: The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.]

We wote full well, where he doth ly Byfore the cyte of Hungry,’ . . . . . . . . . . 971

[Headnote: FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.]

VI.[F6]

[Footnote F6: Printed in _Englische Studien_, VII. p. 347Â f.]

[_Torrent fights the Giant._]

[Sidenote: The giant says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long. Torrent charges, pierces the Giant’s eye, and makes him roar.]

. . . . . . all the wrynge, 1014 . . . . . . . . lynge . . . . . . . . . thou the 1016 . . . . . . . . he toke, . . . . . . . . bare a croke . . . . . . . . te longe and thre 1019 . . . . . . ever so longe were . . . . . . . . had no fere . . . . yd darste thou come nere 1022 . . . . . nte nolengre a-byde . . . . . nte wolde he ryde . . . . ghte. 1025 . . . . one eye but one, . . . . . . neuer none, . . . nor by nyght. 1028 . . . . lpe of god of heuen, . . . . . herin euen, . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 . . . . gan to rore, . . . . the cyte wore, . . . ay. 1034 . . . . es eyen were oute . . . . . . . . boute . . . . . . . . . . . 1037

[[_all line-initial dots are printed as shown; for the most accurate reproduction, use a fixed-pitch font_]]

[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.]

VII.[F7]

[Footnote F7: In Halliwell’s edition I.]

[_Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach land._]

[Sidenote: Desonell is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father says she shall be sent out to sea.]

Thus the lady dwelled there, 1807 Tyll that she delyuered were Of men chyldren two. 1809 Of all poyntes were they gent, Lyke were they to Sir Torent, For his loue suffred they wo. 1812 The kynge sayd, ‘so mote I the, Thou shalt into the se Without wordes mo. 1815 Every kynges doughter fer and nere At the they shall lere, Agaynst right to do!’ 1818

[Sidenote: She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate.]

Great ruthe it was to se, Whan they led that lady fre Out of hir faders lande. 1821 The quene, hir moder, was nere wode For hir doughter, that gentyll fode, Knyghtes stode wepynge.[F8] 1824

[Footnote F8: wepande.]

[Sidenote: Desonell is sent to sea.]

A clothe of sylke toke they tho, And departed it bytwene the chyldren two, Therin they were wonde. 1827 Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge, Anone she fell in swownynge At Peron on the sonde. 1830 Whan that lady was downe fall, On Iesu Cryste dyd she call. To defende hir with his honde: 1833

[Sidenote: She prays to Christ for her children.]

‘Rightfull God, ye me sende Some good londe on to lende, That my chyldren may crystened be[n].’ 1836 She sayd, ‘ladyes fayre and gent, Great well my lorde Sir Torent, Yf euer ye hym se[n]!’ 1839 The wynde arose on the myght, Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght Into the se so grene. 1842

[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.]

[Sidenote: Desonell and her twin babes reach land. She stills her crying child,]

Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen, That in a forest she is aryuen, Where wylde bestys were. 1845 The se was ebbe and went hem fro And left hir and hir chyldren two [Alo]ne without any fere. 1848 Hir one chylde began to wepe, The lady awoke out of hir slepe And sayde, ‘be styll, my dere, 1851 Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande, Yf there be any Crysten man at hande, We shall haue socoure here.’ 1854

[Sidenote: goes up a mountain, and sits down.]

The carefull lady then was blythe, To the londe she went full swythe, As fast as she myght. 1857 Tyll the day began to sprynge, Foules on trees merely gan synge Delicyous notes on hyght. 1860 To a hyll went that lady fre, Where she was ware of a cyte With toures fayre and bryght. 1863 Therof I-wys she was fayne, She set hir downe, as I herd sayne, Hir chyldren for to dyght. 1866

NOTES.

PAGE 1, line 12. Cf. ll. 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1924, 2183. So in _Eglamour_ (Thornton Romances), l. 408:

‘The boke of Rome thus can telle,’

and _The Erl of Tolouse_, ed. Lüdtke, l. 1219:

‘Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.’

See Halliwell’s and Lüdtke’s notes to these passages. I agree with both of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no difference at all between _in Rome_ and _in romance_.

p. 1, l. 15. _wyght_ has been inserted instead of _dowghtty_ in order to restore the rhyme with _hyght_, _knyght_, _myght_; cf. _Havelok_, ed. Skeat, l. 344:

‘He was fayr man and wicth.’

p. 1, l. 17 = _Ipomadon_, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic expression are collected in Kölbing’s note to this line (p. 364).

p. 1, l. 24. We find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist the will of God, who has power over death and life, in _Sir Tristrem_, ll. 236Â ff.:

‘Þat leuedi, nouȝt to lain, For soþe ded is sche! Who may be ogain? As god wil, it schal be, Vnbliþe.’

p. 2, l. 28. I have not met with the verb _fesomnen_ anywhere else, and it is not mentioned in Stratmann and Mätzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, p. 354, explains it by ‘feoffed, gave in fee,’ doubtless regarding this very passage, although he doesn’t cite it; might _fesomnyd_ not be a corruption from _sesyd_? cf. _Havelok_, ll. 250 f.:

‘Þat he ne dede al Engelond Sone sayse intil his hond.’

Hall writes to me on this word as follows: _fesomnyd_ is, I am convinced, not a word at all, but a scribe’s error for _festonyd_ or _festnyd_ = confirmed, fixed. Comp. ’_And þat ich hym wolde myd trewþe siker faste on honde_,’ Robert of Gloucester (Hearne), p. 150. For this use of _fasten, fastnen_, comp. ’_But my forwarde with þe I festen on þis wyse_,’ Alliterative Poems, p. 47, l. 327: ’_& folden fayth to þat fre, festned so harde_,’ Sir Gawayne, p. 57, l. 1783: ’_And þis forward, in faith, I festyn with hond_,’ Destruction of Troy, p. 22, l. 636. See also Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p. 216, under _to Fest_.

p. 2, l. 30. I am by no means sure that _fede_ is the original reading, but I wasn’t able to find a better word rhyming with _dedde_, _wede_; even the _ne._ ‘feed’ means _pasture_, and that is what we expect here.

p. 2, l. 31. For my correction cf. Lüdtke’s note to _The Erl of Tolouse_, l. 199, sub 2; _Eglam._, l. 26:

‘That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,’

_Ib._ l. 683:

‘Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,’

where the _Percy Folio MS._ reads:

‘Christabell that was as faire as sunn;’

_Chronicle of England_, l. 75 f.:

‘Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon, That ys wyttore then the fom.’

p. 2, l. 50. The alteration of _And_ and _bee_ into _An_ and _see_ seemed necessary; _sayment_ is like Fr. _essaiement_, Lat. _exagimentum_.

p. 3, l. 59. Cf. l. 1216 f. and _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_, ed. Kölbing, l. 1795:

‘If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.’

p. 3, l. 77 f. As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make out to whom _they_ refers. Nor do I believe that l. 78 is correct, especially as to _chaunce_.

p. 3, l. 79. Cf. _Ipomadon_, ed. Kölbing, l. 8123:

‘A myle wyth in the Grekes see.’

p. 3, l. 80. _in an yle_ is certainly the correct reading; _mauyle_ was introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giant’s name; but that is mentioned some twenty lines later.

p. 5, l. 136. The correction of _lyght_ into _ryght_ I owe to Hall, who refers me to the legend of _Sancta Maria Egyptiaca_; cf. f. i. Barbour’s _Legends of Saints_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 143 ff.

p. 6, l. 153. _nowyd_ = ‘anoyed’ gives a poor sense. Hall suggests _nowtyd_; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, Ray’s _North Country Words_, p. 59, _note_, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a bull or ram,’ ab. A.S. _huitan_, ejusdem significationis. The word might then mean ‘spurred.’

p. 6, l. 171 = l. 596. This alliterative binding is a very frequent one; cf. _Sir Orfeo_, ed. Zielke, p. 9.

p. 7, l. 188. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs l. 559Â f.

p. 7, l. 190. _Yt tellythe_ = _Yt is told_; cf. Lüdtke, note to _The Erl of Tolouse_, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to _Octavian_, l. 1749.

p. 9, l. 236. I was about to write, _Crystyn men thow they were_, referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, Hall’s reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far better.

p. 9, l. 237. _Hys browys wexe bla_, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck with fear; cf. _bloo askes_, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German _aschfahl_. Quite a similar expression occurs in _Perceval_, l. 687Â f.:

‘Now sone of that salle wee see, Whose browes schalle blakke.’

_Ib._ l. 1056:

‘His browes to blake.’

p. 9, l. 245. Though _syghyng_ gives no offence, still it may be, that the author has written _syngyng_, and the scribe was wrong in altering it; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 5424.

p. 9, l. 251. Cf. l. 802, 1204, _Ipomadon_, l. 6481 f.:

‘Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere, Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.’

_Reliquiæ Antiquæ_, i. p. 241:

‘He seith bi niȝte and eke bi day, That hy beth fendes ifere.’

p. 10, l. 265 f. The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by the careless scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to restore the rhyme.

p. 10, l. 277 ff. There is nothing in Torrent’s words which could lead the princess to a conclusion like that. I think that after l. 276 one stanza is wanting.

p. 11, l. 286-8. As to the contents of these lines, Kölbing refers me to _Englische studien_, vol. IV. p. 133 f., where F. Liebrecht mentions a passage in _Sir Beves of Hamtoun_, according to which a king’s daughter,--if she is a pure virgin,--can never be hurt by a lion. Here we have another proof for this remarkable bit of folk-lore.

p. 11, l. 292 = l. 329.

p. 11, l. 303 = l. 342.

p. 11, l. 305. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting the prince’s name--which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it were, l. 341--for the name of his father’s kingdom; but I didn’t see any other way of restoring the rhyme.

p. 12, l. 311. Cf. l. 469 and Skeat’s note to _Sir Thopas_, l. 1927.

p. 12, l. 334. Instead of _he_ I should prefer to read _they_: Torrent has just admonished the prisoners to cheer up.

p. 13, l. 344. There must be something wrong in this line, because the name of the third Earl’s son is missing; to write _the third_ instead of _of_ may not suffice to put the text right; even the names _Torren_ and _Berweyne_ seem to me very suspicious.

p. 14, l. 379. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 4245, _for Crystys dede_; _Crystys_ was substituted by Kölbing for _mannes_, which is clearly wrong; he could as well have chosen _godes_.

p. 15, l. 393 ff. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 736.

p. 16, l. 427. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his edition of _Sir Torrent_, p. vii f. Cf. Zupitza, _Ein zeugnis für die Wieland-sage_, _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, Vol. XIX, p. 129 f.

p. 16, l. 429-31. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is superfluous; it damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 won’t do. The old king wishes to say; ‘I have seen the day when, if this sword wielded by me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to death.’ Therefore l. 431, _I fawght therfor I told_ has been corrected into _Fawe they were I-told_. The scribe did not understand the obsolescent word _fawe_ or _faye_, so he wrote the nearest word to it to make sense, _I-told_ = ‘held, considered.’--I. Hall.

p. 17, l. 458. Cf. Breul’s note to _Sir Gowther_, l. 410.

p. 17, l. 465. Cf. l. 2061 f.

p. 20, l. 542. The scribe, who evidently didn’t know the pretty rare word _clow_, has spoilt it to _colod_, or _colvd_; the same rhyme, _clouȝ_, _drouȝ_, _anouȝ_ occurs in _Sir Tristrem_, l. 1761 ff. Nor did the scribe know the word _swowe_ = ‘noise,’ and changed it to _swayne_; cf. Hall. Dict., p. 843: _He come to him with a swowe_.

p. 20, l. 543. _Of and on_, off and on, intermittently.

p. 21, l. 555. _schyld_ is not to the point here, Torrent having only his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he has said himself, l. 526 and 549; cf. l. 652.

p. 21, l. 582-4. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, ll. 1514-16, and ll. 1858-60.

p. 23, l. 640. On the meaning of _theff_, cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and Amil._, l. 787.

p. 24, l. 659. _of Perowne_ is certainly wrong, as it does not agree with the rhymes _stere_, _nere_, _fere_; but I don’t know how to amend the line.

p. 24, l. 662. _schere_ gives no meaning; I write _stere_ and translate, There might nobody move further, _i.e._ the giant was brought to a standstill in the glen.

p. 24, l. 665. Cf. ll. 434, 791.

p. 25, l. 688. Cf. _Eglam._, l. 324:

‘And to [the] herte hym bare.’

The weak preterit tense of _berien_ is very rare; if _bere_ = A.S. _beran_ sometimes has the same meaning, _i.e._ ‘to strike,’ the reason is that A.S. _beran_ and Icel. _berja_ are confounded.

p. 25, l. 696. _woo_ can hardly stand for _wood_. It seems to me like a last corruption of an old romance phrase, like _worthy inwith wall (woȝe)_; possibly the line was simply so: _Thus in II journeys Torrent so_.--Hall.

p. 25, l. 700. On the use of M.E. _fote_ as a plural see Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 598.

p. 26, l. 722. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: _pomely whyt and grey_; cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, Prol., l. 615 f.:

‘This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot, That was al {pomely gray}, and highte Scot.’

p. 27, l. 744. Cf. l. 788. On _St. James_ cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and Amil._, l. 796.

p. 29, l. 808 f. ‘In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and still come back safe], so he will come back even this time.’

p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase ’_the bord beginne_,’ cf. Kölbing, _Englische studien_, III. p. 104, and Zupitza, _Anglia_, III. p. 370 f.

p. 30, l. 838. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to be put after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that the king promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done this deed, he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his kingdom during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. l. 1206 ff. The odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the scribe; cf. F. III: _By VII score of hardy knyghtes_.

p. 31, l. 867 f. These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; l. 868 may have run originally, _Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley_; cf. l. 949.

p. 32, l. 901. _squyere_, although very odd at the first sight, may still be right; Torrent says: ‘The only squier that I took with me for this journey, is my sword’; cf. l. 909.

p. 33, l. 922. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 3344.

p. 33, l. 924-6. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a sleeping woman, cf. Breul, _Sir Gowther_, p. 119 f.

p. 34, l. 954 ff. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 1409 ff.:

‘Out of Deuelin toun Þe folk wel fast ran, In a water to droun, So ferd were þai þan.’

p. 34, l. 963 f. Cf. _Beves of Hamtoun_, l. 187 f.:

‘Madame, a seide, for loue myn, Whar mai ich finde þat wilde swin?’

p. 36, l. 1000. Instead of _spere_ perhaps we ought to read _sworde_.

p. 37, l. 1030 f. If we compare the rests of these lines in F. VI., this reading or a similar one is to be expected. The reading of l. 1029 ff. in the fragments may be completed so: _[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God send the spere the right way_.

p. 36, l. 1033 f. Cf. ll. 1166, 2468 f., and Kölbing’s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 69 f.

p. 38, l. 1070. ‘I came hither to seek my death,’ _i.e._ this expedition was so dangerous, that I expected to die.

p. 38, l. 1076. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 239 f.:

‘Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende, The maner wille I see.’

p. 39, l. 1081. _is_ was to be corrected into _it_: ‘Because you slew him that possessed it.’

p. 39, l. 1086. This line, according to Hall’s emendation, means: You owe no homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirs’ for ever; _i.e._ the manor is in fee simple, and free from any feudal obligation.

p. 39, st. 95. The text would be improved by putting ll. 1104-6 before 1101-3, although this transposition is not absolutely necessary.

p. 39, l. 1105. _lefte_ may be a mistake for _loste_; cf. _Gower_, I. 207:

‘Contenaunce for a þrowe He loste.’

p. 40, l. 1117. Cf. Ritson’s _Met. Rom._, III. p. 341 f., and Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 436.

p. 40, l. 1121. _he bare_ looks rather suspicious, but it is supported by l. 2169. The author is about to describe the figures inlaid on the shield. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1030Â f.:

’_He bare_ in azure[N1] a grype of golde, Rychely beton on the molde.’

[Footnote N1: So _Percy Fol. MS._; _aserre_ Thornt.]

p. 40, l. 1124. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as he was, has almost literally repeated l. 1121; l. 1125 directly continues the description begun before.

p. 40, l. 1132. Is _than I haue in tale_ right? We expect rather: _than I can telle in tale_.

p. 41, l. 1138 f. Cf. l. 1587 f.

p. 41, l. 1143. I thought it necessary to insert _mete_, although Mätzner, _Wörterbuch_, II. p. 274, cites this line as the only instance in the M.E. literature for _glad_ as a substantive. But even the sense is very poor without this addition.

p. 41, l. 1144. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. Skeat’s note to Chaucer’s _Squiere’s Tale_, l. 80, and Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_ l. 6253 f.

p. 41, l. 1150 f. I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot be said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has laid claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, quite a regular occurrence in mediæval romances.

p. 41, l. 1154. _none_, i.e. _no lady_.

p. 41, l. 1160. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 138.

p. 41, l. 1165. _the gres_, which word is here required by the rhyme, is, in the same way as in this passage, used for ‘battle-field,’ in _Perceval_, l. 1225 f.:

‘Hedes and helmys ther was, I telle ȝow withowttene lese, Many layde {one the gresse}, And many brode schelde.’

p. 42, l. 1181. _For tynding of his hand_ = for fear of (= _for_) the beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang still keeps the word ’_to tund_’ = to beat with something flat.--HALL.

p. 42, l. 1193. On this expression Skeat treats in _Notes to P. Pl._, p. 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. (Ritson, _Rom._ II. p. 6):

‘Hys schon wer with gold ydyght And {kopeth} as a knyght.’

p. 43, l. 1198 f.: ‘None of them said a single word, But that Torrent had been right to do so as he had done.’

p. 43, l. 1211. There is an evident contradiction between this line and l. 1199. I suppose the word _waried_ to be wrong; but I am not able to give a fairly certain emendation of it.

p. 44, l. 1228 f.: ‘The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, foolhardy he was to undertake an adventure like this.’

p. 45, l. 1268 f. This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds us in some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old northern _holmganga_, both fights take place on an island, and in both cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too heavy; cf. _Guy of Warwike_, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940Â ff.:

‘When þai had sworn and ostage founde, Colbrond stirt vp in þat stounde, To fiȝt he was ful felle. He was so michel and so vnrede, That no hors miȝt him lede, In gest as y you telle. So mani he hadde of armes gere, Vnneþe a cart miȝt hem bere, Þe Inglisse for to quelle.’

p. 45, l. 1270. _he_ instead of _him_ is remarkable; this personal construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to _I am wo_ instead of _me is wo_; cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 245.

p. 45, l. 1271 = l. 1546.

p. 46, l. 1307. This line ought probably to run thus:

’_Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne._’

p. 47, l. 1337 f. This is SAINT _Nycholas de Barr_, not sir N., as the copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, or he would have known the Boy Bishop. An English reference for S. Nicholas is Alban Butler, _Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs_, etc., vol. vii. p. 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is Dec. 6th, consequently he is not in _Acta Sanctorum_; see besides _Altenglische legenden, Neue folge_, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881, p. 11-16, and Barbour’s _Legendensammlung_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 229-245. _Barr_ is _Bari_ in Italy, and Barbour, I. p. 238, l. 601 f., knew it was two syllables (cf. the rhyme _þame be: Barre_). Nicholas was the patron of sailors, and churches on the sea-coast in all parts of Europe were dedicated to him. Now as Sir Torrent had been in peril at sea, he offers to him. It was customary to offer garments at such shrines. See Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_, I. p. 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: _A grett Erldome and a simarr_. _Simarr_ is not a common word, which makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon words are those which are corrupted and lost. See _Prompt. Parv._, I. p. 75: ’_chymer, abella_,’ that is ‘abolla, cloak.’ M.E. _simar_, Fr. _simarre_.--HALL. I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce this sagacious conjecture into the text; also the correction of _redith_ into _tas_ I owe to Mr. Hall.

p. 48, l. 1353. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2508.

p. 48, l. 1364. We ought probably to read _she_ instead of _he_.

p. 48, l. 1367 f. Cf. l. 1756 f.

p. 48, l. 1378. Cf. _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2458:

‘Bi holtes and bi hille.’

p. 49, l. 1385 ff. Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 _the_ is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out.

p. 49, l. 1395. _fend_ = _defend_; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 576.

p. 51, l. 1443 f. As the existence of _fede_ = _fode_, ‘fellow’ is proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write _As spede me god: ffode_, or _As g. me save: knave_, instead of _As god me spede: ffede_.

p. 51, l. 1445. The alteration of _fleand_, which is absurd here, into _failand_ is supported by l. 1280.

p. 51, l. 1446. As to _make_ instead of _made_, cf. l. 332.

p. 51, l. 1463. Cf. l. 2090 f. I am afraid neither of these passages is quite right.

p. 53, l. 1518. Perhaps we ought to read:

‘And out of the valey he hyd swith.’

p. 54, l. 1531. I don’t believe that the poet used the word _tree_ thrice within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: _Shold not drawe it, parde_.