Part 3

================================================================= | Filtrate from pulps | Sample +--------+----------+----------+----------+-------------+ No. |Sp. gr. | | Acid | Immersion | | at | | | as |refractometer| | 20° C. | Solids(a)| Sugar(d) | citric | 17.5° C. | --------+--------+----------+-------------------+---------------+ | |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | 1290 | 1.0233 | 5.24 | 2.41 | 0.58 | 36.24 | 1291 | 1.0252 | 5.71 | 3.10 | 0.53 | 37.80 | 1292 | 1.0211 | 4.88 | 2.48 | 0.49 | 34.51 | 1293 | 1.0276 | 6.28 | 3.35 | 0.61 | 40.04 | 1294 | 1.0256 | 5.82 | 3.20 | 0.55 | 38.27 | | | | | | | 1295 | 1.0340 | 7.69 | 4.36 | 0.67 | 46.03 | 1296 | | 8.05 | 4.47 | 0.66 | 46.86 | 1297 | 1.0446 | 10.27 | 5.61 | 0.89 | 56.70 | 1299 | 1.0394 | 9.09 | 4.96 | 0.81 | 51.75 | 1300 | 1.0304 | 6.88 | 3.55 | 0.67 | 42.84 | | | | | | | 1301 | | 6.68 | 3.27 | 0.69 | 41.56 | 1302 | 1.0293 | 6.61 | 3.43 | 0.64 | 41.76 | 1303 | 1.0323 | 7.29 | 3.77 | 0.71 | 44.65 | 1304 | 1.0274 | 6.20 | 3.03 | 0.64 | 39.74 | 1305 | | 7.98 | 4.14 | 0.82 | 47.30 | | | | | | | 1306 | | 8.01 | 4.71 | 0.69 | 47.60 | 1307(b)| 1.0308 | 6.97 | 3.79 | 0.66 | 43.15 | 1481 | 1.0421 | 9.64 | 5.15 | 0.99 | 54.20 | 1482 | 1.0422 | 9.86 | 5.62 | 0.94 | 54.75 | 1483 | 1.0441 | 10.19 | 5.67 | 0.98 | 56.45 | | | | | | | 1484 | 1.0396 | 9.23 | 5.42 | 0.81 | 52.10 | 1485 | 1.0332 | 7.73 | 4.35 | 0.72 | 45.85 | 1477(c)| 1.0579 | 12.75 | 6.55 | 0.97 | 67.15 | 1479 | 1.0386 | 8.96 | | | 51.57 | 1486 | 1.0158 | 3.76 | | | | | | | | | | 1491 | 1.0188 | 4.40 | | | 32.67 | 1496 | 1.0318 | 7.31 | | | 44.86 | 1515 | 1.0331 | 7.61 | | | 46.20 | 1529 | 1.0195 | 4.54 | | | 32.96 | | | | | | | 1530 | 1.0231 | 5.42 | | | 36.31 | 1531 | 1.0273 | 6.27 | | | 40.09 | 1224(c)| 1.0468 | 10.33 | | | 57.62 | 1325 | | 6.99 | | | 43.80 | --------+--------+----------+----------+----------+-------------+

======================================================================== | | | Solids of filtrate | | | | +----------+------------------+-----------+ | Ratio |Insoluble | | | Ratio | Refractive| Sample | of pulp |solids in | | | sugar | constant | No. |solids to| total | Sugar(d) | Acid |to acid|of filtered| | filtrate| solids | | | | liquor(f)| | solids | | | | | | --------+---------+----------+----------+----------+-------+-----------+ | |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | | 1290 | 1.133 | 11.1 | 46.0 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 0.20556 | 1291 | 1.145 | 11.9 | 54.3 | 9.4 | 5.8 | 0.20550 | 1292 | 1.127 | 14.6 | 50.8 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 0.20564 | 1293 | 1.118 | 10.5 | 53.4 | 9.7 | 5.5 | 0.20548 | 1294 | 1.113 | 10.6 | 55.0 | 9.5 | 5.8 | 0.20525 | | | | | | | | 1295 | 1.127 | 11.0 | 56.8 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 0.20534 | 1296 | 1.117 | 11.8 | 55.5 | 8.2 | 6.8 | | 1297 | 1.091 | 10.6 | 54.6 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 0.20544 | 1299 | 1.108 | 12.2 | 54.6 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 0.20550 | 1300 | 1.119 | 12.1 | 51.6 | 9.7 | 5.3 | 0.20546 | | | | | | | | 1301 | 1.102 | 12.4 | 48.9 | 10.3 | 4.8 | | 1302 | 1.127 | 12.2 | 51.9 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 0.20551 | 1303 | 1.120 | 11.1 | 51.7 | 9.7 | 5.3 | 0.20549 | 1304 | 1.110 | 12.8 | 48.9 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 0.20546 | 1305 | 1.132 | 13.2 | 51.9 | 10.3 | 5.0 | | | | | | | | | 1306 | 1.117 | 11.0 | 58.8 | 8.7 | 6.8 | | 1307(b)| 1.126 | 12.9 | 54.4 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 0.20544 | 1481 | 1.123 | | 53.4 | 10.3 | 5.2 | 0.20545 | 1482 | 1.100 | | 57.0 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 0.20554 | 1483 | 1.100 | | 55.6 | 9.6 | 5.8 | 0.20550 | | | | | | | | 1484 | 1.114 | | 58.7 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 0.20544 | 1485 | 1.106 | | 56.3 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 0.20529 | 1477(c)| 1.111(e)| | 51.4 | 7.7 | 6.7 | | 1479 | 1.116 | 9.8 | | | | 0.20554 | 1486 | 1.154 | 14.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1491 | 1.128 | 12.7 | | | | 0.20565 | 1496 | 1.131 | 13.9 | | | | 0.20554 | 1515 | 1.125 | 13.5 | | | | 0.20556 | 1529 | 1.125 | 17.4 | | | | 0.20556 | | | | | | | | 1530 | 1.145 | 15.8 | | | | 0.20553 | 1531 | 1.143 | 15.1 | | | | 0.20547 | 1224(c)| 1.124(e)| 11.8 | | | | | 1325 | 1.123 | | | | | | --------+---------+----------+----------+----------+-------+-----------+

(a) Determined by drying _in vacuo_ at 70°C. (b) Composite of 1290 to 1306, inclusive. (c) This sample contained salt. (d) Expressed as invert. (e) Salt-free ratio. (f) Calculated by formula of Lorentz-Lorenz, (n^2 - 1)/(n^2 + 2)2.

Note.—All specific gravities in this bulletin are on a 20°C/20°C basis.

TABLE 3.—_Composition of Trimming Stock Pulps_

============================================ | Composition of pulps | +---------+----------+----------+ Sample No.|Specific | Total |Insoluble | | gravity|solids(a) | solids | |at 20° C.| | | +----------+---------+----------+----------+ | |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| 1470 | 1.0373| 9.54 | | 1471 | 1.0385| 9.40 | | 1470-1 | 1.0349| 8.56 | | 1470-2 | 1.0316| 7.88 | | 1470-3 | 1.0284| 7.00 | | | | | | 1470-4 | 1.0258| 6.62 | | 1471-1 | 1.0334| 8.12 | | 1471-2 | 1.0258| 6.41 | | 1471-3 | 1.0229| 7.48 | | 1471-4 | 1.0191| 4.74 | | | | | | 1572 | 1.0424| 10.28 | | 1573 | 1.0392| 9.53 | 1.22 | 1574 | 1.0427| 10.29 | 1.17 | 1575 | 1.0386| 9.73 | 1.29 | 1662(b) | 1.0204| 4.85 | 0.18 | | | | | 1664(c) | 1.0577| 13.20 | 0.62 | 1665 | 1.0331| 7.74 | 1.10 | 701 | 1.0200| 4.89 | 0.72 | 703(d) | 1.0180| 4.24 | 0.10 | 705 | 1.0388| 9.85 | 1.83 | 706 | 1.0333| 8.35 | 0.98 | +----------+---------+----------+----------+

===================================================================== | Composition of liquor obtained by filtering pulps | +---------+----------+----------+----------+-------------+ Sample No.|Specific | | | Acid | Immersion | | gravity | | | as |refractometer| |at 20° C.|Solids(a) | Sugar(e) | citric | at | | | | | | 17.5° C. | +----------+---------+----------+----------+----------+-------------+ | |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | 1470 | 1.0337| 7.68 | 4.11 | 0.58 | 45.90 | 1471 | 1.0334| 7.62 | 4.05 | 0.59 | 45.75 | 1470-1 | 1.0302| 7.11 | | | 42.87 | 1470-2 | 1.0279| 6.55 | | | 40.75 | 1470-3 | | 5.83 | | | 37.80 | | | | | | | 1470-4 | 1.0232| 5.53 | | | 36.40 | 1471-1 | 1.0288| 6.86 | | | 41.60 | 1471-2 | 1.0227| 5.41 | | | 36.10 | 1471-3 | 1.0275| 6.14 | | | 39.25 | 1471-4 | 1.0168| 3.94 | | | 30.35 | | | | | | | 1572 | 1.0400| 9.28 | | | 52.47 | 1573 | 1.0369| 8.53 | | | 49.33 | 1574 | 1.0401| 9.29 | | | 52.40 | 1575 | 1.0369| 8.28 | | | 49.37 | 1662(b) | 1.0201| 4.65 | | | 33.27 | | | | | | | 1664(c) | 1.0566| 12.70 | | | 66.92 | 1665 | 1.0304| 6.89 | | | 42.65 | 701 | 1.0184| 4.29 | 2.35 | 0.30 | 32.09 | 703(d) | 1.0178| 4.15 | 2.32 | 0.29 | 32.09 | 705 | 1.0359| 8.08 | 4.07 | 0.51 | 47.85 | 706 | | 7.29 | 3.51 | 0.46 | 44.69 | +----------+---------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+

================================================================== Sample No.| Ratio of |Insoluble | Sugar | Acid in | Ratio | | pulp | solids | in | solids | of acid | |solids to | in total | solids | of | to | | filtrate | solids | of | liquor | sugar | | solids | | liquor | | | +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+ | |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | 1470 | 1.241 | | 53.5 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 1471 | 1.233 | | 53.2 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 1470-1 | 1.203 | | | | | 1470-2 | 1.203 | | | | | 1470-3 | 1.201 | | | | | | | | | | | 1470-4 | 1.197 | | | | | 1471-1 | 1.184 | | | | | 1471-2 | 1.184 | | | | | 1471-3 | 1.218 | | | | | 1471-4 | 1.203 | | | | | | | | | | | 1572 | 1.109 | | | | | 1573 | 1.117 | 12.8 | | | | 1574 | 1.109 | 11.4 | | | | 1575 | 1.175 | 13.3 | | | | 1662(b) | 1.042 | 3.7 | | | | | | | | | | 1664(c) | 1.040 | 4.7 | | | | 1665 | 1.123 | 14.3 | | | | 701 | 1.140 | 14.7 | 54.8 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 703(d) | 1.022 | 2.4 | 55.9 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 705 | 1.220 | 18.6 | 50.4 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 706 | 1.145 | 11.7 | 48.3 | 6.3 | 7.6 | +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+

(a) Determined by drying _in vacuo_ at 70° C. (b) Unconcentrated tomato juice from peeling table. (c) No. 1662 concentrated. (d) Clear liquor separated from unconcentrated pulp on standing. (e) Expressed as invert.

TABLE 4.—_Comparison of Methods for the Determination and Calculation of Solids in Whole Tomato Pulp_

======================================================== | Solids in liquor from filtered pulp | +-----------+----------------------------------+ |By drying | Calculated from-- | |_in vacuo_+-------------+----------+----------+ Sample | at | Immersion | | | No. | 70° C. |refractometer| Specific |Specific | | | reading |gravity(1)|gravity(2)| --------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+ |_Per cent_| _Per cent_ |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| 1290 | 5.24 | 5.31 | 5.35 | 5.35 | 1291 | 5.71 | 5.67 | 5.78 | 5.80 | 1292 | 4.88 | 4.87 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 1293 | 6.28 | 6.21 | 6.33 | 6.35 | 1294 | 5.82 | 5.79 | 5.87 | 5.89 | | | | | | 1295 | 7.69 | 7.67 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 1296 | 8.05 | 7.88 | ... | ... | 1297 | 10.27 | 10.27 | 10.25 | 10.26 | 1299 | 9.09 | 9.06 | 9.05 | 9.06 | 1300 | 6.88 | 6.91 | 6.98 | 6.99 | | | | | | 1301 | 6.68 | 6.59 | ... | ... | 1302 | 6.61 | 6.64 | 6.73 | 6.74 | 1303 | 7.29 | 7.34 | 7.42 | 7.43 | 1304 | 6.20 | 6.16 | 6.30 | 6.30 | 1305 | 7.98 | 7.98 | ... | ... | | | | | | 1306 | 8.01 | 8.05 | ... | ... | 1307 | 6.97 | 6.96 | 7.08 | 7.08 | 1481 | 9.64 | 9.67 | 9.68 | 9.68 | 1482 | 9.86 | 9.81 | 9.70 | 9.71 | 1483 | 10.19 | 10.21 | 10.15 | 10.14 | | | | | | 1484 | 9.23 | 9.15 | 9.10 | 9.11 | 1485 | 7.73 | 7.64 | 7.63 | 7.64 | 1479 | 8.96 | 9.03 | 8.87 | 8.88 | 1486 | 3.76 | ... | 3.62 | 3.63 | 1491 | 4.40 | 4.44 | 4.30 | 4.32 | | | | | | 1496 | 7.31 | 7.39 | 7.30 | 7.31 | 1515 | 7.61 | 7.70 | 7.60 | 7.61 | 1529 | 4.54 | 4.52 | 4.47 | 4.49 | 1530 | 5.42 | 5.32 | 5.30 | 5.31 | 1531 | 6.27 | 6.25 | 6.27 | 6.28 | 1325 | 6.99 | 7.13 | ... | ... | --------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+

=================================================================== | Solids in whole pulp | +----------+-------------+--------------------------------+ | By | Calculated | Calculated from specific | | drying | from | gravity of-- | |_in vacuo_| immersion +----------+----------+----------+ Sample | at 70° C.|refractometer|Filtered | Whole | Filtered | No. | | reading |liquor[3] | pulp | liquor[4)| --------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+ |_Per cent_| _Per cent_ |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_| 1290 | 5.94 | 5.95 | 6.00 | 5.97 | 5.99 | 1291 | 6.54 | 6.36 | 6.48 | 6.47 | 6.50 | 1292 | 5.50 | 5.47 | 5.44 | 5.52 | 5.43 | 1293 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 7.10 | 6.98 | 7.11 | 1294 | 6.48 | 6.49 | 6.58 | 6.45 | 6.60 | | | | | | | 1295 | 8.67 | 8.59 | 8.77 | 8.63 | 8.76 | 1296 | 9.00 | 8.83 | ... | 9.11 | ... | 1297 | 11.20 | 11.50 | 11.47 | 11.20 | 11.49 | 1299 | 10.07 | 10.15 | 10.14 | 10.02 | 10.15 | 1300 | 7.70 | 7.75 | 7.82 | 7.68 | 7.83 | | | | | | | 1301 | 7.36 | 7.38 | ... | 7.43 | ... | 1302 | 7.45 | 7.44 | 7.54 | 7.40 | 7.55 | 1303 | 8.17 | 8.23 | 8.33 | 8.12 | 8.32 | 1304 | 6.88 | 6.90 | 7.06 | 6.95 | 7.06 | 1305 | 9.03 | 8.94 | ... | 8.88 | ... | | | | | | | 1306 | 8.95 | 9.02 | ... | 8.86 | ... | 1307 | 7.86 | 7.81 | 7.93 | 7.83 | 7.93 | 1481 | 10.82 | 10.83 | 10.84 | 10.80 | 10.84 | 1482 | 10.83 | 10.98 | 10.86 | 10.70 | 10.88 | 1483 | 11.21 | 11.43 | 11.36 | 11.17 | 11.36 | | | | | | | 1484 | 10.27 | 10.25 | 10.19 | 10.17 | 10.20 | 1485 | 8.55 | 8.56 | 8.55 | 8.30 | 8.56 | 1479 | 10.00 | 10.10 | 9.94 | 9.88 | 9.85 | 1486 | 4.34 | ... | 4.05 | 3.90 | 4.07 | 1491 | 4.97 | 4.97 | 4.82 | 4.62 | 4.84 | | | | | | | 1496 | 8.27 | 8.28 | 8.18 | 8.15 | 8.29 | 1515 | 8.56 | 8.63 | 8.52 | 8.40 | 8.52 | 1529 | 5.11 | 5.06 | 5.01 | 4.90 | 5.03 | 1530 | 6.21 | 5.97 | 5.94 | 5.97 | 5.95 | 1531 | 7.17 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 6.92 | 7.03 | 1325 | 7.86 | 7.99 | ... | 7.81 | ... | --------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+

(1) From formula on page 30. (2) The solution factor of O’Sullivan (J. Chem. Soc., 1876, p. 129) was employed with slight modification. The formula employed was 1000(_d_ - 1000) / 4.35 = per cent solids. In this formula _d_ = specific gravity of solution at 20° C. (3) From formula on page 31. (4) For these figures the formula of footnote 2 was employed and the results multiplied by 1.12

TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_

======================================================================== Whole pulp | Filtrate from pulp | ------------------------------+---------------------+---------+--------+ Solids by drying | | Solids by drying |Immersion| | ---------------------+ +---------------------+refract- | | _In vacuo_| At |Specific|_In vacuo_| At | ometer |Specific| at 70° C.| atmo- |gravity | at 70° C.| atmo- |reading | gravity| | spheric | at | | spheric | at | at | | pressure | 20° C. | | pressure |17.5° C. | 20° C.| | 100° C.| | | 100° C | | | ----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+ _Per cent_|_Per cent_| |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | | 3.42 | 3.15 | 1.0150 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 26.9 | 1.0133 | 3.47 | 3.20 | 1.0152 | 3.10 | 2.75 | 27.1 | 1.0136 | 3.53 | 3.25 | 1.0155 | 3.15 | 2.80 | 27.3 | 1.0138 | 3.58 | 3.30 | 1.0157 | 3.20 | 2.85 | 27.5 | 1.0140 | 3.64 | 3.35 | 1.0159 | 3.25 | 2.89 | 27.7 | 1.0142 | | | | | | | | 3.70 | 3.41 | 1.0161 | 3.30 | 2.93 | 27.9 | 1.0144 | 3.76 | 3.46 | 1.0163 | 3.35 | 2.97 | 28.1 | 1.0146 | 3.81 | 3.51 | 1.0166 | 3.40 | 3.02 | 28.3 | 1.0149 | 3.87 | 3.56 | 1.0168 | 3.45 | 3.07 | 28.6 | 1.0151 | 3.92 | 3.61 | 1.0170 | 3.50 | 3.11 | 28.8 | 1.0153 | | | | | | | | 3.98 | 3.67 | 1.0172 | 3.55 | 3.15 | 29.0 | 1.0155 | 4.03 | 3.72 | 1.0174 | 3.60 | 3.20 | 29.2 | 1.0157 | 4.09 | 3.77 | 1.0177 | 3.65 | 3.24 | 29.4 | 1.0160 | 4.15 | 3.82 | 1.0179 | 3.70 | 3.28 | 29.6 | 1.0162 | 4.20 | 3.87 | 1.0181 | 3.75 | 3.33 | 29.8 | 1.0164 | | | | | | | | 4.26 | 3.93 | 1.0183 | 3.80 | 3.38 | 30.0 | 1.0166 | 4.31 | 3.98 | 1.0185 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 30.3 | 1.0168 | 4.37 | 4.03 | 1.0188 | 3.90 | 3.46 | 30.5 | 1.0170 | 4.43 | 4.08 | 1.0190 | 3.95 | 3.51 | 30.7 | 1.0173 | 4.48 | 4.13 | 1.0192 | 4.00 | 3.55 | 30.9 | 1.0175 | | | | | | | | 4 54 | 4.18 | 1.0194 | 4.05 | 3.60 | 31.1 | 1.0177 | 4.59 | 4.23 | 1.0197 | 4.10 | 3.64 | 31.3 | 1.0179 | 4.65 | 4.28 | 1.0199 | 4.15 | 3.69 | 31.5 | 1.0181 | 4.71 | 4.33 | 1.0201 | 4.20 | 3.73 | 31.7 | 1.0183 | 4.76 | 4.38 | 1.0203 | 4.25 | 3.78 | 31.9 | 1.0185 | | | | | | | | 4.82 | 4.44 | 1.0205 | 4.30 | 3.82 | 32.1 | 1.0188 | 4.87 | 4.49 | 1.0208 | 4.35 | 3.86 | 32.3 | 1.0190 | 4.93 | 4.54 | 1.0210 | 4.40 | 3.91 | 32.5 | 1.0192 | 4.99 | 4.59 | 1.0212 | 4.45 | 3.95 | 32.7 | 1.0194 | 5.04 | 4.64 | 1.0215 | 4.50 | 4.00 | 32.9 | 1.0196 | ----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+

TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_—Continued