CHAPTER XII.

Ti-pingdom in 1861.--Its Armies.--The Foreign Policy of England.--Its Consequences.--Admiral Hope's Expedition.--Comments thereon.--Its Results.--Lord Elgin's Three Points.--Official Communications.--Secret Orders.--Evidence of such.--Their Object.--Official Communications.--Mr. Parkes' Despatch analyzed.--Newspaper Extracts.--Official Papers.--Mr. Parkes' Measures.--His Arrogant Behaviour.--Result of the Yang-tze Expedition.--Ngan-king Invested.--Modus Operandi.--The Ying-wang's Plans.--His Interview with Mr. Parkes.--Sacrifices his Interests.--Sketch of the Ying-wang.--Hung-jin's Adventures.--The Chung-wang's Operations.--The Results.--Siege of Hang-chow.--Its Capture.--Manchoo Cruelties.--Position of the Ti-pings in 1861 325