Part 25

São Leopoldo, city of, 186.

São Luiz de Maranhão, 154, 155.

São Paulo, city of, 176-181.

São Salvador da Bahia, 34, 153, 154, 159-160.

São Vicente, colony of, 33.

Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 197.

Sarmiento, Mt., 311-313.

Scots, in Patagonia, 224.

Scruggs, William L., on Colombia’s commercial possibilities, 398-399.

Sheep-raising, Rio Grande do Sul, 186; in Argentina, 191, 216; in Patagonia, 224-225; in Uruguay, 235.

Silla, Cordillera de la, 406.

Silver, from Mt. Potosí, 265. _See_ Mineral resources.

Sinu River, 380.

Slavery, reduction of Peruvian Indians to, by the Spanish, 77; introduction of negro, 403.

Socompa, Mt., 278.

Solis, Juan Diaz de, 22, 113, 236.

Solis Theater, Montevideo, 231.

Sorata, Mt., 258.

Souza, Martim Affonso da, 33.

Spain, mistaken colonial policy of, in South America, 113-120; revolt of South American countries against, 120-121.

Spaniards, numbers of, in Buenos Aires, 203.

Spanish Main, the, 402.

Squier, E. G., quoted, 271.

Steamships, German, at Buenos Aires, 200; on Paraná River, 226.

Sucré, Antonio José de, 131, 132, 259, 266.

Sucré, city of, 266-267.

Sugar, beginnings of production of, in Brazil, 34.

Sugar Loaf, peak of, bay of Rio de Janeiro, 162.

Sun, worship of, by Peruvian Indians, 50, 57-58, 335-336, 337.

Surinam, 426.

Tabatinga, Brazilian port, 138.

Tacna, Province of, 287, 290.

Talca, truce of, 124.

Tapajos River, 146.

Tarapacá, Province of, 287, 290.

Tehuelche Indians, 224.

Temple of the Incas at Cuzco, 52-53.

Tensaquilla, village of, 385.

Theater, the Amazonas, at Manãos, 145-146; the Municipal, Rio de Janeiro, 166; at São Paulo, 180; the Solis, in Montevideo, 231.

Theaters, at Belém, 152; in Buenos Aires, 206, 207.

Tiahuanaco, ruins of, 48, 272-273.

Tierra del Fuego, 225, 285, 311.

Tin, wealth of Bolivia in, 265.

Titicaca, Island of, 57, 336.

Titicaca, Lake, 45, 57, 258, 335-338.

Tobacco from Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, 358.

Tolima, volcano, Colombia, 385, 391.

Tonka beans, Colombia, 380.

Toparca Capac, 69.

Tordesillas, treaty of, 15.

Toroni, Mt., 278.

Torre Tagle, Marquis of, 129.

Toscanelli, letters of, quoted, 8-9.

Trade, restrictions placed on South American, by Spain, 118-120; of United States of Brazil, 135-136; of Argentina, 191-192. _See also_ Commerce.

Trans-Andean railway, 222, 280.

Trees, of Brazil, 142, 143; in Montevideo parks, 231-232; of southern Chile, 286-287, 309-310; of Ecuador, 355-356, 363-364.

Trinidad, Island of, 16, 415, 419.

Trombetas River, 146.

Tronador, Mt., 284.

Tucapel, Araucanian chief, 103, 106.

Tucumán, battle of, 123.

Tucumán, city of, 195.

Tumbéz, Peru, 39, 41, 324.

Tunguragua, Mt., 366.

Tupungato, Mt., 281.

Ucayali River, 322.

United States, trade between Brazil and, 136; smallness of commerce of, with Argentina, 201; fewness of people from, in Buenos Aires, 203; commerce between Chile and, 277; trade of, with Colombia, 398; trade with Venezuela, 419.

Universities in Argentina, 198.

University, San Francisco Xavier, Sucré, 267; San Marcos, 330.

Uruguay, 228 ff.; life in Montevideo, 229-234; nature of the country, 234-235; commerce of, 235; favorable conditions of, for national prosperity, 236; turbulent political history of, 236-237; bellicose personality and present-day outlets for, 237-238; political factions in, 238.

Uruguay River, 32, 228, 234, 235.

Uspallata Pass, 222, 279-280.

Valdivia, Pedro de, conquest of Chile undertaken by, 82, 97-107; put to death by Araucanians, 107.

Valdivia, town of, 109.

Valencia, city and lake of, 406, 414.

Valera, Father Blas, cited, 58.

Valle, Marquis del, 31.

Valparaiso, 101, 287, 296-299.

Valverde, Friar Vincente de, 64.

Vargas Hospital, Caracas, 413.

Vega, Garcilaso de la, quoted, 52-53, 58, 61, 335.

Vela, Blasco Nuñez, 87.

Velasco, Juan de, 370.

Venezuela, location and topography, 400-401; area, 401-402; naming of, 402; coastwise approach to, 403-404; towns and cities, 405-413; earthquakes in, 413; the Orinoco delta and river, 415-417; the _llanos_, 418; agricultural products, 418-419; commerce of, 419; government, 420-421; statesmen and rulers of, 421-423.

Vernon, Admiral, siege of Cartagena by, 393-394.

Vespucci, Amerigo, voyages of, 18-19; the _Mundus Novus_ of, 20; the naming of the New World for, 20-21; later explorations by, 22.

Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru, 114-116.

Victoria, city of, 154.

Vilcapujio, battle of, 123.

Villagran, Francisco de, 107-108.

Villa Hayes, 240.

Villegagnon, settlement at, 168.

Viña del Mar, 296, 299.

Virgins, Cape, 27.

Virgins of the Sun, 52, 57; palace of, at Cajamarca, 65.

Volcanoes, of Chile, 278; of Colombia, 385; of Ecuador, 365-372.

Waldseemüller map, 21.

Washington, Col. Lawrence, 394.

Watling’s Island, 12.

“Westward Ho!” reminders of, 408.

Wheat, production of, in Argentina, 192; harvesting of, in Argentina, 216; production in Uruguay, 235.

Wheelwright, William, 201.

Whymper, Edward, ascent of Ecuadorian peaks by, 365, 367; quoted on the crater of Cotopaxi, 368.

Wine industry, Mendoza, 221.

Women, Brazilian, 171-173; of Buenos Aires, 210; of Mendoza, 221; of Montevideo, 234; of Santiago, 303, 304; of Lima, 328, 329.

Wright, Marie Robinson, quoted, 187, 188, 299-300.

Yavarí River, 322.

Yegros, General, 246, 247.

_Yerba maté_, production of, in Rio Grande do Sul, 185-186; in Argentina, 192; in Paraguay, 253-256; cultivation of, 254-255; beneficial results from, 255-256.

Ypiranga, building in São Paulo, 178.

Yupanqui, Inca ruler, 45, 48.

Zamora, State of, Venezuela, 406.

Zaruma, mines of, 356.

Zenufana, region called, 91.

Transcriber’s note:

Front matter, comma inserted after ‘Postage,’ “Postage, 20 cents.”

Front matter, ‘O’HIGGINSS’ changed to ‘O’HIGGINS’S,’ “OF O’HIGGINS’S CAVALRY LEAPED”

Page 87, ‘Conquisitadores’ changed to ‘Conquistadores,’ “in trouble with the Conquistadores,”

Page 192, ‘mate’ changed to ‘maté,’ “grapes, fruits, yerba maté (Paraguay”

Page 383, ‘well built’ changed to ‘well-built,’ “with well-built houses and farm”

Page 391, ‘Giradot’ changed to ‘Girardot,’ “from Bogotá to Girardot”

Page 394, ‘corral’ changed to ‘coral,’ “yellow-white coral laid in”

Page 398, double quote inserted before ‘is,’ “he continues, “is at our very doors”

Index M, ‘Medellén’ changed to ‘Medellín,’ “Medellín, Colombia, 397.”

End of Project Gutenberg's Through South America, by Harry Weston Van Dyke