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Footnote 1:

2 Chron. ii. 16; Ezra iii. 7.

Footnote 2:

Jonah i. 3.

Footnote 3:

Acts ix. 36-43; x. 1-18.

Footnote 4:

Acts x. 6.

Footnote 5:

Isa. xxxv. 2.

Footnote 6:

Ibid. xxxiii. 9.

Footnote 7:

Ibid. lxv. 10.

Footnote 8:

Cant. ii. 1.

Footnote 9:

The name of one of these hamlets, passed soon after leaving Jaffa, reminds us that we are in the old Philistine territory—Beit Dejan = Beth Dagon, _i.e._, the house of Dagon, 1 Sam. v. 2.

Footnote 10:

Isa. vi. 11-13. Jer. iv. 7; ix. 11; xxvi. 9; xxxiii. 10; xxxiv. 22; etc. etc.

Footnote 11:

1 Chron. viii. 12. Ezra ii. 33. Neh. xi. 35. Acts ix. 32-39.

Footnote 12:

1 Sam. vi. 12, 13.

Footnote 13:

Luke xxiv. 13-35.

Footnote 14:

Joshua ix. 3-15.

Footnote 15:

Ibid. x. 6, 7.

Footnote 16:

Joshua x. 8-27. See Stanley’s ‘Sinai and Palestine,’ pp. 208-212.

Footnote 17:

Ibid. ix. 17.

Footnote 18:

Ibid. ix. 17; xv. 9, 60; xviii. 14, 15, 28.

Footnote 19:

1 Sam. vi. 21; vii. 1, 2. 1 Chron. xiii. 5. Psalm cxxxii. 6.

Footnote 20:

1 Sam. xvii.

Footnote 21:

Luke xxiv. 13-33.

Footnote 22:

Gen. xxxv. 16-20.

Footnote 23:

Gen. xlviii. 7.

Footnote 24:

Eccles. ii. 4-6.

Footnote 25:

The soil which looks so utterly and hopelessly barren is not so in reality. To an English eye the attempt to cultivate these hill-sides would appear almost madness. But the result of my inquiries was, that under proper tillage the soil is very fertile. The reply of several peasants when questioned was, “If we had people to till the ground, and a government that would let us live, we could grow anything.”

Footnote 26:

Num. xiii. 23-27.

Footnote 27:

Gen. xlix. 11, 12.

Footnote 28:

Isa. v. 1, 2.

Footnote 29:

Matt. xxi. 33. Mark xii. 1. Luke xx. 9.

Footnote 30:

Num. xiii. 22.

Footnote 31:

Joshua xxi. 11.

Footnote 32:

2 Chron. xx. 7. Isa. xli. 8. James ii. 23.

Footnote 33:

Gen. xiii. 18.

Footnote 34:

Gen. xiv. 14.

Footnote 35:

Ibid. xviii. 1, 2.

Footnote 36:

Ibid. ver. 16.

Footnote 37:

Ibid. ver. 33.

Footnote 38:

Ibid. xix. 27, 28.

Footnote 39:

Ibid. xxiii. 2-20.

Footnote 40:

Gen. xxv. 8, 9.

Footnote 41:

Ibid. xxxv. 27-29.

Footnote 42:

Ibid. xxxvii. 1-14.

Footnote 43:

Ibid. xlix. 31.

Footnote 44:

Ibid. xlix. 29-33.

Footnote 45:

Ibid. l. 1-13. It will be observed that the historian lays special stress upon the embalmment. “And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to _embalm_ his father: and the physicians _embalmed_ Israel. And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are _embalmed_.”

Footnote 46:

Num. xiii. 22.

Footnote 47:

Ibid. xiii. 33; xiv. 6-24; xxxii. 12. Joshua xiv. 6-15; xv. 13.

Footnote 48:

2 Sam. ii. 2-11. 1 Kings ii. 11. 1 Chron. iii. 1-4.

Footnote 49:

2 Sam. iii. 22, 39.

Footnote 50:

2 Sam. iv. 12.

Footnote 51:

2 Sam. xv. 10.

Footnote 52:

Matt. ii. 14.

Footnote 53:

We learn from Gen. l. 25, 26, Exod. xiii. 19, and Joshua xxiv. 32, that Joseph gave strict commands to his descendants that his body should be carried back into Canaan, that it was embalmed and placed in a coffin, that in the confusion of the flight out of Egypt his dying injunction was not forgotten, and that the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor (Gen. xxxiii. 19). The Mohammedan tradition is that the mummy was afterwards removed to Machpelah. The ambiguous statement of Stephen (Acts vi. 16) seems to imply that though buried at Shechem he was yet laid in the sepulchre with Abraham. A passage in Josephus (_Ant._ ii. 8, 2) may bear the same meaning; and the spot pointed out as that of Joseph’s tomb is in perfect accordance with this view, it being detached from that of the others at one corner of the mosque, as though the wall had been broken through at a later period than the previous interments, and after the main entrance into the cave had been finally closed up.

Footnote 54:

Gen. xxiii. 17.

Footnote 55:

Gen. xviii. 1-8.

Footnote 56:

Ibid. xix. 28.

Footnote 57:

Psa. xlvi. 4. It has been conjectured that the reference in the text is to the bringing of this very stream to Jerusalem. A river, in the common sense of the term, there could never have been in or near the city.

Footnote 58:

Psa. lxv. 12, 13.

Footnote 59:

The name Bethlehem—_the house of bread_—is probably a translation of the older name Ephrath, or Ephratah—_the fruitful_. The modern name, Beit-lahm—_the house of flesh_—is an Arabic reproduction of the sound and meaning.

Footnote 60:

Judges xvii. xix.

Footnote 61:

Ruth i. 20, 21.

Footnote 62:

Ruth iv. 1.

Footnote 63:

Ibid. ii. 4.

Footnote 64:

Ibid. ii. 14.

Footnote 65:

Ibid. ii. 17; iii. 15.

Footnote 66:

Ibid. iii. 7.

Footnote 67:

Ibid. iv. 1-11.

Footnote 68:

Ibid. iv. 11, 12.

Footnote 69:

1 Sam. xvii. 12.

Footnote 70:

Ibid. xvi. 11; xvii. 28.

Footnote 71:

Ibid. xvi. 12 (_see margin_); xvii. 42.

Footnote 72:

Ibid. xvi. 18.

Footnote 73:

Ibid. ver. 23.

Footnote 74:

1 Sam. xvii. 34-37.

Footnote 75:

Ps. cxliv. 1.

Footnote 76:

1 Sam. xvi. 7.

Footnote 77:

1 Sam. xxii. 3, 4.

Footnote 78:

Ibid. ver. 1.

Footnote 79:

1 Chron. xi. 16-19.

Footnote 80:

1 Sam. xxvi. 20. We saw and heard large numbers of the desert partridge, with its reddish legs and beak, and its sides striped with white, black, and brown, on these very mountains.

Footnote 81:

2 Sam. xvii. 27-29.

Footnote 82:

2 Sam. xix. 31-40.

Footnote 83:

1 Kings ii. 7. That this involved admission into the family seems to be implied. See 2 Sam. ix. 11.—“As for Mephibosheth, said the king, he shall eat at my table as one of the king’s sons.”

Footnote 84:

Jer. xli. 17.

Footnote 85:

Hepworth Dixon, in his ‘Holy Land,’ endeavours to carry the argument a step further, and to show, by a comparison of the phraseology in the books of Ruth and of Jeremiah, that it was erected on or close to the house of Boaz. His arguments are not without weight, but they are far from being conclusive.

Footnote 86:

Micah v. 2. Matt. ii. 5, 6. John vii. 42.

Footnote 87:

‘Comparative Geography of Palestine.’ By Carl Ritter. Vol. iii., p. 339.

Footnote 88:

Ezek. xlvii. 1-12. Compare Rev. xxii. 1, 2: where the symbolism of the Old Testament is adopted in the New, but lifted up into a higher sphere with the promise of yet diviner blessings.

Footnote 89:

Isa. xxxii. 15, 17.

Footnote 90:

Jer. xlix. 19; l. 44.

Footnote 91:

In a few rare and exceptional cases living organisms are alleged to have been found in the Dead Sea. In every case, however, it has been near the mouth of Jordan, the impetuous torrent of which, after heavy rains, penetrates into the sea for some distance without mingling with its waters.

Footnote 92:

Song of Sol. i. 14.

Footnote 93:

Gen. xiv.

Footnote 94:

Num. xxiv. 21, 22.

Footnote 95:

1 Sam. xxiii. 29; xxiv.

Footnote 96:

Gen. xiii. 10.

Footnote 97:

2 Peter ii. 8.

Footnote 98:

Gen. xiv. 10. Compare Gen. xi. 3.

Footnote 99:

It is impossible here to enter into a full discussion of this question. The student is referred to the works of Canon Tristram, and to the articles by Mr. Grove in Smith’s ‘Bible Dictionary.’

Footnote 100:

The full meaning of this statement will be perceived when it is remembered that sea-water contains less than four per cent. of salts, and more than ninety-six per cent. of pure water.

Footnote 101:

Gen. xiii. 10.

Footnote 102:

2 Kings vi. 2-5.

Footnote 103:

Ibid. v. 12.

Footnote 104:

Lieutenant Lynch enumerates twenty-seven, of great violence, between the Lake of Tiberias and the Dead Sea.

Footnote 105:

From these the prophets often deduced lessons of warning for the impenitent. Thus Jeremiah says, “If in the land of peace, wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee, then how wilt thou do in the swellings of Jordan?” Jer. xii. 5.

Footnote 106:

Joshua iv.; v.

Footnote 107:

Ibid. xviii. 1.

Footnote 108:

1 Sam. x. 8.

Footnote 109:

Ibid. xi. 15.

Footnote 110:

2 Sam. xix. 15.

Footnote 111:

See the various references to Gilgal in the Books of the Kings.

Footnote 112:

Hosea iv. 15; ix. 15; xii. 11. Amos iv. 4; v. 5.

Footnote 113:

Heb. iii. 12.

Footnote 114:

Deut. xxxiv. 3; Judges i. 16; iii. 13. 2 Chron. xxviii. 15.

Footnote 115:

Joshua vi. 26. After the lapse of five centuries the curse was fulfilled, 1 Kings xvi. 34.

Footnote 116:

Num. xxxii. 1. Deut. xxxii. 14. Ps. xxii. 12. Ezek. xxxix. 18. Zech. xi. 2.

Footnote 117:

Num. xxii-xxiv.

Footnote 118:

Deut. xxxiv. 7.

Footnote 119:

Ibid. verses 1-3.

Footnote 120:

Deut. xxxiv. 5, 6.

Footnote 121:

It is significant that these are the tribes to whom possessions had already been allotted east of the Jordan (Num. xxxii. 20-28). The selection was probably made either to prove their fidelity, or because they were free from encumbrances, their families and possessions being left in their newly-acquired territory.

Footnote 122:

Exod. xiv. 21.

Footnote 123:

Joshua iii. 16. In the great earthquake of 1837 this did happen to many of the rivers of Northern Syria.

Footnote 124:

Joshua vi. Heb. xi. 30, 31. Matt. i. 5. An interesting article on Rahab in Smith’s ‘Bible Dictionary’ suggests reasons for believing that Salmon, who became her husband, was one of the spies whose lives she saved, and who, with herself, became an ancestor of our Lord.

Footnote 125:

Joshua vii.; viii.

Footnote 126:

2 Kings ii. 1-11. Luke ix. 30, 31.

Footnote 127:

2 Kings ii. 12-14.

Footnote 128:

Ibid. 19-22.

Footnote 129:

2 Kings ii. 22.

Footnote 130:

Matt. xix. 1, 2. Mark x. 1.

Footnote 131:

Luke xviii. 35-43; xix. 1-28.

Footnote 132:

1 Kings xvii. 1-7.

Footnote 133:

Joshua vii.

Footnote 134:

See, however, an interesting note by the late Dr. Deutsch in Dixon’s ‘Holy Land,’ in which it is maintained that Bethany meant not, as is commonly supposed, “the house of dates” but “the house of poverty.” He fails, however, to take note of the fact that as we have a Mount of Olives, a house of figs (Bethphage), and a house of bread (Bethlehem), so we might naturally have a house of dates in the same locality.

Footnote 135:

John xi. 25.

Footnote 136:

Luke xix. 42.

Footnote 137:

Luke xxii. 39.

Footnote 138:

2 Sam. xv. 30.

Footnote 139:

The etymology of the word Jerusalem is much disputed. “The vision of peace,” “the inheritance of peace,” “the foundation of peace,” all have their advocates. Others understand it as compounded of Jebus-salem, _i.e._, Salem of the Jebusites. Throughout the Moslem world it is now known as _El-Kuds_, the holy city, or as _El Kuds esh Shereef_, the holy, noble city. Herodotus is thought to have referred to it as Cadytis. In this case, as in so many others throughout Palestine, the modern Arabic name is simply a return to a more ancient one.

Footnote 140:

Joshua x. 1.

Footnote 141:

2 Sam. v. 6-8. 1 Chron. xi. 4-6.

Footnote 142:

2 Sam. v. 9. 1 Kings x. 27.

Footnote 143:

Matt. xxvi. 3.

Footnote 144:

The close proximity of the Pool of Hezekiah affords a strong incidental proof that the site of the church must always have been inside the walls. It is most improbable that this vast cistern should have been outside for the use of the besiegers, or that the wall should have included the pool and excluded the church.

Footnote 145:

John xviii. 28.

Footnote 146:

Ibid. xix. 3.

Footnote 147:

Heb. xiii. 11, 12.

Footnote 148:

Matt. xxvii. 51; Mark xv. 38; Luke xxiii. 45; Heb. x. 19, 20.

Footnote 149:

Matt. xxvii. 39, 40; Mark xv. 29, 30. See a clear statement of the foregoing argument in a letter by Dr. Hutchinson in the ‘Quarterly Journal of the Palestine Exploration Fund’ for July, 1873; and in a valuable work, ‘Horeb and Sinai,’ by the Rev. G. Sandie.

Footnote 150:

Mark xiii. 1, 2.

Footnote 151:

Acts iii. 1-11.

Footnote 152:

1 Kings x. 4, 5.

Footnote 153:

If we adopt Mr. Fergusson’s theory as to the site of the Temple, a line running through the Altar and the Holy of Holies would cut the middle of the Wailing Place.

Footnote 154:

Matt. xxvii. 25.

Footnote 155:

John v. 1-9.

Footnote 156:

Psa. lxxxiv. 2, 3.

Footnote 157:

So Dean Stanley. It is difficult to compare objects so entirely dissimilar. For my own part I should be disposed to give the preference to the Mosque of Omar.

Footnote 158:

John vii. 37, 38. It has been often said that the main reservoir was immediately beneath the Altar of Burnt Offering. This, though probable, cannot be affirmed absolutely in our present uncertainty as to where the altar really stood.

Footnote 159:

2 Sam. xxiv. 18-25. 2 Chron. iii. 1.

Footnote 160:

The late Emmanuel Deutsch told me that he had found one reference to it in the Talmud; but his lamented death prevented his giving me further information on the subject.

Footnote 161:

John iv. 9-23.

Footnote 162:

The way in which ecclesiastical legends are invented is curiously illustrated by the fact that the Greeks and Armenians have recently constructed rival Gethsemanes of their own, this one being in possession of the Latins.

Footnote 163:

John xviii. 3.

Footnote 164:

Matt. xxiii. 35.

Footnote 165:

2 Sam. xviii. 18.

Footnote 166:

1 Kings xi. 4-8.

Footnote 167:

Matt. xxvii. 7.

Footnote 168:

Mark xvi. 3, 4. Luke xxiv. 2.

Footnote 169:

Gen. xlix. 27.

Footnote 170:

Deut. xxxiii. 12.

Footnote 171:

Ps. lxviii. 27.

Footnote 172:

Phil. iii. 5.

Footnote 173:

Isa. x. 28-34.

Footnote 174:

1 Sam. vii. 5-16; x. 17-24.

Footnote 175:

Joshua ix. 17.

Footnote 176:

Luke ii. 42-50.

Footnote 177:

Gen. xii. 8.

Footnote 178:

Gen. xiii.

Footnote 179:

1 Kings xii. 26-33; xiii. 1-5.

Footnote 180:

Gen. xxviii. 10-19.

Footnote 181:

Rev. vi. 13.

Footnote 182:

Matt. xxi. 18, 19. Mark xi. 12-14.

Footnote 183:

Luke xiii. 6-9.

Footnote 184:

Judges xxi. 19.

Footnote 185:

Judges xxi. verses 15-23.

Footnote 186:

1 Sam. i.-iii.

Footnote 187:

Psa. lxxviii. 60. Jer. vii. 12; xxvi. 6.

Footnote 188:

Gen. xii. 4-7.

Footnote 189:

Ibid. xxxiii. 18-20.

Footnote 190:

Gen. l. 25-26. Joshua xxiv. 32.

Footnote 191:

Deut. xi. 29-30; xxvii. 12-13. Joshua viii. 33.

Footnote 192:

Judges ix. 7-20.

Footnote 193:

1 Kings xii. 1. 2 Chron. x. 1.

Footnote 194:

1 Kings xii. 25.

Footnote 195:

John iv.

Footnote 196:

Van de Velde, i. 386, 388.

Footnote 197:

Dr. Porter illustrates this by the fact that the people of Damascus fetch water from a well more than a mile distant from the city, though every house has its own reservoir, and fountains are abundant.

Footnote 198:

See Smith’s ‘Dictionary of the Bible,’ under the words _Ebal_ and _Gerizim_.

Footnote 199:

Neh. xiii. 28.

Footnote 200:

Exod. xxvi. 15-25.

Footnote 201:

Num. ii. 11-27.

Footnote 202:

Exod. xxv. 10-22.

Footnote 203:

Ibid. xl. 22-25.

Footnote 204:

Ibid. xxv. 29; xxxvii. 16.

Footnote 205:

Ibid. xl. 12, 30.

Footnote 206:

Ibid. xxvii. 1-8.

Footnote 207:

Rev. viii. 3.

Footnote 208:

Exod. xxxviii. 3.

Footnote 209:

1 Kings xvi. 23-24.

Footnote 210:

1 Kings xx. 2 Kings vi. 24-vii. 20.

Footnote 211:

1 Kings xxi. 1-19; xxii. 34-31. It is, however, doubtful whether Jezreel was not the scene of the double tragedy.

Footnote 212:

Matt. xiv. 12. Mark vi. 29.

Footnote 213:

Acts viii. 1-25.

Footnote 214:

Micah i. 6. Isa. xxviii. 1, 2. Hosea xiii. 16.

Footnote 215:

Gen. xvi. 12.

Footnote 216:

Acts viii. 40; ix. 30; x. 1, 24; xi. 11; xii. 19; xviii. 22; xxi. 8, 16; xxiii. 23, 33; xvi., xxv., xxvi.

Footnote 217:

1 Kings xiv. 17; xv. 21; xvi. 6, 8, 15, 23. Cant. vi. 4.

Footnote 218:

Judges ix. 50. 2 Sam. xi. 21.

Footnote 219:

Gen. xxxvii. 12-28.

Footnote 220:

2 Kings vi. 8-18.

Footnote 221:

Ps. xxxiv. 7.

Footnote 222:

The description of the flight of “Ahaziah, king of Judah,” and his pursuit by Jehu, in 2 Kings ix. 27, is wrongly translated in our version. Instead of “by the way of the garden-house,” it should be “by the way of En-gannim.” A glance at the map will show that he was endeavouring to escape into his own country by the direct route along which we have been travelling.

Footnote 223:

Cant. i. 10.

Footnote 224:

This explains the use of the word in Hosea ii. 22.

Footnote 225:

The references are too numerous to be given in detail. They extend from 1 Kings xvi. 29 to xxii. 40, and 2 Kings x.

Footnote 226:

A friend of mine who had crossed it dry-shod in the morning, when riding from Haifa to visit El-Muhrakah, was exposed to considerable danger when endeavouring to recross it in the afternoon, and narrowly escaped being swept away.

Footnote 227:

Judges iv.; v.

Footnote 228:

Judges vi., vii., viii.

Footnote 229:

1 Sam. xxviii., xxxi. 2 Sam. i.

Footnote 230:

2 Chron. xxxv. 22-25.

Footnote 231:

It is, however, possible that _Mukatta_ may be a corruption of Megiddo.

Footnote 232:

1 Kings xviii. In common with all recent writers on this subject, I must confess my obligations to Dean Stanley’s invaluable summary of the historical associations of the Plain of Esdraelon, in his ‘Sinai and Palestine,’ pp. 335-357.

Footnote 233:

Rev. xvi. 12-21.

Footnote 234:

Judges v. 23. 1 Kings xviii. 21.

Footnote 235:

Joshua xx. 7. 1 Kings ix. 11.

Footnote 236:

Deut. xxxiii. 18-24.

Footnote 237:

2 Kings iv. 8-37.

Footnote 238:

1 Sam. xxviii. 3-25.

Footnote 239:

Luke vii. 1-15.

Footnote 240:

Luke iv. 28-29.

Footnote 241:

Luke iv. 29. The translation is slightly altered, so as to bring it into closer agreement with the original.

Footnote 242:

Ps. lxv. 12, 13.

Footnote 243:

Matt. xxv. 32.

Footnote 244:

Ps. xlix. 14.

Footnote 245:

Luke ii. 40, 52.

Footnote 246:

John xxi. 2.

Footnote 247:

John ii. 1-11. See also John iv. 46-54 for an account of a second miracle wrought here.

Footnote 248:

Bell. Jud. x. § 8.

Footnote 249:

Matt. iv. 13; ix. 1.

Footnote 250:

Ibid. iv. 18-22; ix. 9.

Footnote 251:

Ibid. ix., xi. 20-24. Luke x. 13-15.

Footnote 252:

Matt. v., vii., xiii. Mark iv. John vi. 24-71.

Footnote 253:

Matt. viii. 23-27; xiv. 25. Mark iv. 37-41; vi. 48. Luke viii. 23-25. John vi. 19.

Footnote 254:

Matt. xiv. 15-21; xv. 32-39.

Footnote 255:

John xxi.

Footnote 256:

Num. xxxiv. 11. Deut. iii. 17. Joshua xi. 2. 1 Kings xv. 20.

Footnote 257:

John xi. 1; xxi. 1.

Footnote 258:

Matt. xv. 32-39.

Footnote 259:

Matt. xxvii. 56-61; xxviii. 1. Mark xv. 40; xvi. 1-11. Luke viii. 2, 3; xxiv. 10. John xix. 25; xx. 1-18.

Footnote 260:

Matt. xiii. 3-9.

Footnote 261:

Ibid. vi. 28-29.

Footnote 262:

John xxi. 7. Matt. xiii. 47, 48.

Footnote 263:

Matt. viii. 23-25. Mark iv. 35-39. Luke viii. 22-25. John xxi. 7, 8.

Footnote 264:

Matt. iv. 18-22. Mark i. 16-21.

Footnote 265:

Matt. v. 14.

Footnote 266:

Matt. viii. 28-32. Mark v. 1-13. Luke viii. 26-33.

Footnote 267:

Mark i. 21-27; iii. 1-5. Luke iv. 31-36.

Footnote 268:

Luke vii, 1-5. The definite article is omitted in our version.

Footnote 269:

‘The Recovery of Jerusalem,’ p. 345. Published by the Palestine Exploration Fund.

Footnote 270:

Lev. xxvi. 31-34. ‘Handbook for Syria and Palestine,’ vol. ii. p. 434.

Footnote 271:

Acts ix. 1-3.

Footnote 272:

Joshua xi.

Footnote 273: