Chapter 6

"In 1787 the motto appeared on several types of the New Jersey coppers, also on a very curious gold doubloon, or sixteen-dollar piece, coined by a goldsmith named Brasher. It was there put _'Unum E Pluribus.'_ Only four of these pieces are known to be extant, and they are very valuable. One of them, in possession of the mint, is supposed to be worth over a thousand dollars.

"When Kentucky was admitted, in 1791, it is said copper coins were struck with _'E Pluribus Unum.'_ They were made in England. The act of Congress of 1792, authorizing the establishment of a mint, and the coinage of gold, silver and copper, did not prescribe this motto, nor was it over legalized.

"It was placed on gold coins in 1796, and on silver coins in 1798. It was constantly used thereafter until 1831, when it was withdrawn from the quarter-dollar of new device. In 1834 it was dropped from gold coins to mark the change in the standard fineness of the coin.

"In 1837 it was dropped from the silver coins, marking the era of the revised mint code. It has been thought proper to restore it recently to our new silver dollar without any special sanction of law, although the expression is one very proper for our coins."

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WHAT "B. C." MEANT.

A smart boy, who carried his point, forms the topic for a paragraph in the Boston _Transcript._ A distinguished Bostonian, whom his city and State have delighted to honor, bethought him lately to buy a new vehicle.

A bargain offered in the shape of a buggy, which a friend was ready to dispose of at a fair price. It was "second hand," to be sure, but it was a good buggy, had been made "'pon honor," had seen but little service, and bore upon its panels the initials of the original owner, "B. C."

The trade was made, and the buyer congratulated himself not a little on having got a good thing at a low price. But there was one member of his family who was not altogether pleased.

The son, a dapper young man, wanted a little more "style," and would have preferred a new vehicle of fashionable build. He said so much about it that his father at length lost all patience, and told him seriously that he was tired of his talk, and would hear no more about it.

"But, father," said time young man, "don't you think we had better have that 'B. C.' painted out?"

"I tell you," said his father, "that I will not hear another word from you about it."

"All right, sir," said the son, dutifully; "you know best, of course, but I thought that perhaps people might think _that_ was when it was made."

The father surrendered.

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FARM LIFE.

A writer in _Scribner's Magazine_ asserts that the farmer, having the most sane and natural occupation, ought to find life pleasant.

He alone, strictly speaking, has a home. How can a man take root and thrive without land? He writes his history upon his field.

How many ties, how many resources, he has; his friendships with his cattle, his team, his dog, his trees, the satisfaction in his growing crops, in his improved fields; his intimacy with nature, with bird and beast, and with the quickening elemental forces; his co-operations with the cloud, the sun, the seasons, heat, wind, rain, frost.

Nothing will take the various social distempers which the city and artificial life breed, out of a man like farming, like direct and loving contact with the soil. It draws out the poison. It humbles him. Teaches him patience and reverence, and restores the proper tone to his system.

Cling to the farm, make much of it, put yourself into it, bestow your heart and your brain upon it, so that it shall savor of you and radiate your virtue after your day's work is done.

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WHAT IS MADE OUT OF PIT-COAL.

Once mankind saw nothing in mineral coal but a kind of black stone, and the person who first found out by accident that it would burn, and talked of it as fuel, was laughed at. Now it is not only our most useful fuel, but its products are used largely in the arts. A few of them are described below:

1. An excellent oil to supply lighthouses, equal to the best sperm oil, at lower cost.

2. Benzole--a light sort of ethereal fluid, which evaporates easily, and, combined with vapor or moist air, is used for the purpose of portable gas lamps, so-called.

3. Naphtha--a heavy fluid, useful to dissolve gutta percha, india rubber, etc.

4. An excellent oil for lubricating purposes.

5. Asphaltum--which is a black, solid substance, used in making varnishes, covering roofs, and covering over vaults.

6. Paraffine--a white, crystalline substance, resembling white wax, which can be made into beautiful wax candles; it melts at a temperature of one hundred and ten degrees, and affords an excellent light. All these substances are now made from soft coal.

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SMOOTHING HIS FATHER'S WRINKLES.

Children are very observing, and they apply their observations in funny ways sometimes. "A six-year-old genius who lives out West rejoices in the name of Henry. One day his mother was ironing out some recently-washed linen.

"Henry stood by and intently watched the facility with which the wrinkles disappeared upon the advent of the flatiron. From time to time he glanced uneasily at his somewhat elderly papa, who lay recumbent upon a sofa, dreaming the happy hours away.

"The youth gazed with sorrow upon the furrows that remorseless time had ploughed upon the once smooth brow of his father, and then was the future voter seized with a brilliant idea.

"During a temporary absence of his mother, he seized a flatiron, and tiptoeing softly to his father's side, began industriously smoothing and ironing out the wrinkles from that gentleman's forehead. The father dreamed that he was standing on his head in the centre of Vesuvius during an eruption. We hope the boy will smooth his father's care-wrinkles in a less painful and more effectual way when he grows older."

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The meanest paymaster in the universe is Satan. He never yet employed a hand that he didn't cheat. Young man, engage your service to a better Master.

"Is THAT the second bell?" inquired a gentleman of a colored porter. "No, sah," answered the porter, "dat am the second ringin' of de fust bell. We hab but one bell in dis establishment."

"SPEAKING of the different kind of taxes," queried the teacher, "what-kind is it where Whiskey is taxed?" "I know," said one boy, holding up his hand. "Well, what is it?" "Sin-tax!" shouted the young grammarian.

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IT PAYS to sell our Rubber Hand Printing Stamps. Circulars free. G. A. HARPER & BRO., Cleveland, O.

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LADIES can make $5 a day in their own city or town. Address "Ellis M'F'G Co.," Waltham, Mass.

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BIG PAY to sell our Rubber Printing Stamps. Samples free. TAYLOR BROS. & Co., Cleveland, O.

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LESSONS IN PHONOGRAPHY, by mail. Terms moderate. Those desirous of taking up the study please write. BERTON V. SMITH, Muskegon, Mich.

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FANCY WOOD,

For Scroll Sawing at the lowest market rate, sent by express or freight to any part of the country on receipt of the price. Walnut. 1/3, 6c; 3/16, 7c; 1/4, 8c per foot. Holly, 8c, 9c, 10c per foot. MILLERS FALLS CO., 74 Chambers Street, New York.

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HOUSEKEEPERS, READ!

Send for Circular and learn how to make your own _baking powder,_ which will be pure and free from _poison,_ and at less than half what you are now paying. No _humbug._ Address QUEEN BAKING POWDER CO., Marshall, Michigan.

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ZELL's ENCYCLOPEDIA is the best. Two Medals. Paris, 1878. Selling better than ever. Agents write to T. ELLWOOD ZELL, DAVIS & CO., Philadelphia.

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WRITTEN CARDS; real penwork; gems of art; stylish; rich for copies or presents. L. K. Howe, the great card-writer. Plymouth, Wis., writes any name in variety of style on 15 cards for 25c, pre-paid. Initials connected, if possible, will help you to write your name. The alphabet written for 15c. Money returned if not satisfactory.

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EVERY BOY A PRINTER

$3 Press. Prints labels, cards etc. (Self-inker $5) 9 Larger sizes For business, pleasure, young or old. Catalogue of Presses, Type, Etc., for 9 stamps. KELSEY & Co. Meriden, Conn.

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62 PIECES MUSIC $1.

The latest volume of MUSICAL HOURS contains 35 beautiful songs and 27 choice instrumental pieces. All _new,_ and by the _best composers._ The pieces are for Piano or Organ, and are full music size (would cost, separately, over $20). Elegantly printed, and bound in cloth, gilt and red edges. Sent, post-paid, for $1 (cash or stamps). GEO. W. RICHARDSON & CO., 37 Temple Place, Boston.

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MEN AND WOMEN Wanted everywhere to engage in a MONEY MAKING good business by which $1 to $2 per hour may be made in almost any locality. Circulars & samples free; write at once. Goods entirely new. Address WILDES & CO., Boston, Mass.

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STAMPS! 400 well assorted Foreign Stamps, 25 cts.; 115, all different, worth 1 to 5 cts. each, 25 cts.; 50 varieties U. S., 20 cts.; a splendid STAMP ALBUM, gilt, flexible cover, 25 cts.; board cover, 45 cts. Stamps sent on approval to responsible parties who send references. Unused Postage Stamps taken. New Circular free. 2 Natal, 5c; 4 Peru, 10c; 6 Russia, 5c; 6 Sardinia, 5c; 3 Chili, 5c. JOSEPH BEIFELD, Chicago, Ill.

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LAME BACK. WEAK BACK. BENSON'S CAPCINE POROUS PLASTER.

This article is one which really possesses extraordinary merit. By consulting reliable physicians in your own locality, you will find that the above is true. It is far superior to the ordinary porous plaster, all the so-called electrical appliances, and to all external remedies whatever. It contains entirely new elements which cause it to relieve pain at once, strengthen and cure where other plasters will not even relieve. For Lameness and Weakness of the Back, diseased Kidneys, Lung and Chest difficulties, Rheumatism, Neglected Colds, Female Affections, and all local aches and pains, it is simply the best remedy ever devised. Sold by all Druggists. Price 25 cents.

THE FAVORITE.

The most popular dentifrice of the day is SOZODONT. People prefer it because they have found by experience that it really does do what is claimed for it; that it is a genuine beautifier of the teeth, that it is, as its name SOZODONT signifies, a true preservative of them; that it imparts a pleasant aroma to the breath, and renders the gums rosy and healthfully firm. The favorite among dentifrices, therefore, is SOZODONT. Druggists all over the country say that the demand for it is immense.

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THE COLUMBIA BICYCLE, MADE BY THE POPE M'F'G CO., 85 Summer St., Boston, Mass.

Easy to learn to ride. An ordinary rider can go more miles in a day over common roads than a horse. Send 3ct stamp for price list and 24-page catalogue, with full information.

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NEW $60 PRIZE GRAPE. MOORE'S EARLY.

A new hardy Grape, combining the following desirable qualities: Hardiness, size, beauty, quality, productiveness and earliness. Send for Circular. JOHN B. MOORE, Concord, Mass. Say where you saw this.

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FLORAL GUIDE FREE

Tells how to grow Flowers and Vegetables. Best Seeds ever Grown; fresh, reliable and pure; sure to grow. Large packets, low prices, liberal discounts. Illus'd Guide, 38 pp., free.

Address COLE & BRO., Seedsmen, Pella, Iowa.

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NEW LIFE Geranium, scarlet and white-striped, 75 cents; 20 Verbenas, $1; 12 Ever-Blooming Roses, $1; 10 varieties Silver and Golden Geraniums, $1, by mail or express. I offer the largest, most reliable and most complete list of Greenhouse and Bedding Plants, Garden and Flower Seed, Roses, etc., of any dealer in Vermont. Catalogue contains 100 pages, over 100 fine engravings, giving description and directions for planting and growing over 1500 varieties of seeds and plants mailed on receipt of 3-cent stamp. C. E. ALLEN, Florist and Seedsman, Brattleboro, VT. (Name this paper).

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STOCKBRIDGE MANURES

Originated by Levi Stockbridge, Professor of Agriculture in the Massachusetts Agricultural College. They have been extensively used for six years. Send for a little book describing them, and giving directions for cultivating farm and garden crops. Every farmer, gardener, or cultivator of a kitchen garden, should send for a copy, _mailed free._ BOWKER FERTILIZER COMPANY, 43 Chatham Street, Boston; 3 Park Place, New York; and 21 North Water Street, Rochester, N. Y.

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SEEDS, PLANTS.

We sell all kinds of Flower and Vegetable Seeds at five cents per paper. Our Half-Dime packets of choice seed are planted by thousands in all parts of America. Send for beautifully illustrated Catalogue, free to all. New and Rare Bulbs and Plants, at extremely low prices. The following sent by mail, post-paid. Remit currency or postage stamps; 4 beautiful lilies, different sorts, named, 50 cts.; 9 Gladiolus, 9 splendid sorts, named 55 cts.; 12 choice mixed Gladiolus, 50 cts.; 12 Double Tube-roses, 80 cts. ALL FINE LARGE BULBS.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Queens, N. Y.

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136 pages beautifully illustrated, indispensable to all interested in gardening; mailed to all applicants enclosing 6 cents. Regular customers supplied free. _Mention the Companion._ Address B. K. BLISS & SONS, P. O. Box 4129, 34 Barclay Street, New York.

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QUEEN OF THE MARKET.

The largest, handsomest, best hardy Red Raspberry, 3 inches round, very productive, carries well, and sells best in market. Sharpless and Crescent Seedlings the best Strawberries. Snyder Wallace and Taylor the hardiest and most prolific Blackberries; and other small fruits. Kaki, the most delicious Japan fruit, as large and hardy as apples. Kieffer's Hybrid Seedling Pear, blight-proof, good quality, bears early and abundantly. Send for Catalogues. WM. PARRY, Cinnaminson, N. J.

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Reid's Floral Tribute.

The most beautiful and complete Seed and Bulb Catalogue published. 60 Exquisitely Colored Plates, _Engraved Cover in Gold._ Describes 1000 sorts _Flowers & Vegetables._ Price, 25 Cents. All ordering the book are registered and the price refunded on first order for Seeds, &c., to the amount of $1. Wm. H. REID, Rochester, N.Y. Name this paper.

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THE DINGEE & CONARD CO'S BEAUTIFUL EVER-BLOOMING ROSES THE BEST IN THE WORLD.

Our Great Specialty is _growing_ and _distributing_ these Beautiful Roses. _We deliver_ Strong Pot Plants, suitable for _immediate_ bloom, _safety by mail_ at all post-offices. 5 Splendid Varieties, _your choice,_ all labelled, for $1; 12 for $2; 19 for $3; 26 for $4; 35 for $5; 75 for $10; 100 for $13. Send for our New Guide to Rose Culture--60 pages, elegantly illustrated--and _choose_ from over Five hundred Finest Sorts. Address

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Rose Growers, West Grove, Chester Co., Pa.

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BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS

43 Premiums at Cincinnati Exposition.

By Mail--Our Selection. 12 Roses, 12 Varieties . . . . . $1.00 12 Verbenas, 24 Varieties, . . . . 1.00 20 Basket Plants, 20 Varieties, . . 1.00 12 Carnations, 12 Varieties, . . . 1.00 12 Geraniums, 12 Varieties, . . . . 1.00 16 Tube Roses, flowering bulbs, . . 1.00 16 Gladiolas flowering bulbs, or . . 1.00 8 of each of the above two for . . . 1.00 10 Ferns, Different Sorts, . . . . 1.00 10 Begonias . . . . . . . . . 1.00 15 Choice Varieties of Hardy and Tender Annual Flower Seeds . . . . . . 50 25 Choice Varieties of Biennial and Per- ennial Flower Seeds . . . . . 1.00 Any 6 of the above Collections for . . 5.00 The best collection of fancy plants in the West. Send for Catalogues, Free. 16 Green Houses Safe arrival Guaranteed and Satisfaction given in all case. B. P. Critchell, 197 West 4th St., Cincinnati, O. _Quality Unsurpassed._

A GREENHOUSE AT YOUR DOOR.

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BOWKER'S AMMONIATED

Food for Flowers.

Send two ten cent pieces wrapped and enclosed in a letter for trial package sufficient for twenty plants for three mouths, including a little book on "How to make house Plants Bloom," by Professor Maynard, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. BOWKER FERTILIZER COMPANY, 43 Chatham Street, Boston; 3 Park Place, New York.

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SMALL FRUITS.

Strawberries, Raspberries, Asparagus, &c. Moore's New Seedling Strawberries; Moore's 1st Premium Cross-Bred Asparagus. Also, fine Medium Yorkshire Swine. Send for Circular. JOHN B. MOORE, Concord, Mass.

Say where you saw this.

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This publishers of _Farm and Fireside,_ Springfield, Ohio, give 1 year's subscription to their valuable and interesting paper, and send one dollar's worth of any kind of

SEEDS FREE

by mail, post-paid, to any address, on receipt of one dollar. You can select exact seeds wanted, from catalogue of D.M. Ferry & Co., if you have not got it, be sure to send to us for their handsome 150 page catalogue, it is mailed free to all. And be convinced we furnish our subscribers with seeds at lower prices than they can buy elsewhere, and also give Farm and Fireside 1 year without additional cost. Farm and Fireside is a great favorite everywhere, suitable alike to the home circle in city, town, or country. The old, the young, and all are delighted with it.

LIBERAL SEED OFFERS,--We give Farm and Fireside 1 year, and 50 cents worth of Seeds, for 75 cents; $2.00 worth of Seeds, and F. & F. 1 year, for $1.50; $3.00 north of Seeds, and F. & F. 1 year, for $2. A club of 6 to one address, at price of 5.

SEED PREMIUMS.--To any one sending 4 subscribers, we give 50 cents worth of Seeds; for 7 subscribers we give $1 worth of Seeds; for 10 subscribers, $1.50 worth; for 12 subscribers, $2 worth; and for 15 subscribers, $3 worth of Seeds.

Liberal premiums and cash commission given to AGENTS.

SAMPLE COPIES, Premium List, and Catalogue of Seeds free to all. All Seeds are sent by mail, post-paid, direct from Seed House, at lowest catalogue prices, but address all orders to

FARM AND FIRESIDE, Springfield, Ohio.