ii. 867, we cannot positively know whether Homer is thinking of

different languages, or of differences in accent and dialect.

[9] Leaf, on _Iliad_, ii. 502.

[10] Save in the interpolated name of Theseus, twice, and in doubtful parts of _Odyssey_, xi.

[11] These various views are held, or have been held, by Mr. Evans, Mr. Ridgeway, Dr. Mackenzie, and others (_Monthly Review_, 1901, pp. 121-131; _Times_, Oct. 31, 1905; _Annuals, British School of Athens_, xi. p. 14; _ibid._ xii. 216 _et seqq._, xiii. 423 _et seqq._). In Dr. Mackenzie's ample arguments, cf. Hogarth, _Ionia and the East_, pp. 32, 33, the Pelasgians were the sackers of Cnossos. The evidence is mainly archaeological, and might be argued over endlessly.

[12] _Iliad_, xiii. 450.

[13] These views are suggested by Professor Ridgeway in a paper read to the British Academy; see _Athenaeum_, June 5, 1909.

[14] _Iliad_, xiii. 5, 6, and Leaf's note.

[15] _Ibid._ ix. 381. Mr. Leaf attributes the lines to "some person with a dull chronological mind," who remembered that Thebes in Greece had been left in ruins by the war of the Epigonoi. "He forgot, however, that Egypt is elsewhere unknown to the _Iliad_." If a place is unknown because no one has occasion to mention it, unknown is Thebes to the _Iliad_. But to say that a poet familiar with Crete never heard of Egypt; that Egypt was rediscovered between the dates of composition of _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_, is arbitrary. We might as well say that Shakespeare, who never mentions tobacco, never heard of the weed, or that no Biblical author ever saw a cat (out of the Apocrypha).

[16] B. S. A. viii. 174.

[17] See Hogarth, _Ionia and the East_, pp. 83-86.

[18] _Ibid._ pp. 112-115.