Chapter 7

Palmer and Mr. Hastings 313

Appendix to the Eighth and Sixteenth Charges 319

Speeches in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Esq., late Governor-General of Bengal.

Speech in Opening the Impeachment. First Day: Friday, February 15, 1788 329 Second Day: Saturday, February 16 396

VOL. X.

Speeches in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Esq., late Governor-General of Bengal.

Speech in Opening the Impeachment. Third Day: Monday, February 18, 1788 3 Fourth Day: Tuesday, February 19 99

Speech on the Sixth Article of Charge. First Day: Tuesday, April 21, 1789 149 Second Day: Saturday, April 25 240 Third Day: Tuesday, May 5 306 Fourth Day: Thursday, May 7 396

VOL. XI.

Report from the Committee of the House of Commons, appointed to inspect the Lords' Journals in Relation to their Proceedings on the Trial of Warren Hastings, Esq. With an Appendix. Also, Remarks in Vindication of the Same from the Animadversions of Lord Thurlow. 1794 1

Speeches in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Esq., late Governor-General of Bengal. (Continued.)

Speech in General Reply. First Day: Wednesday, May 28, 1794 157 Second Day: Friday, May 30 227 Third Day. Tuesday, June 3 300 Fourth Day: Thursday, June 5 372

VOL. XII.

Speeches In the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Esq., late Governor-General of Bengal. (Continued.)

Speech in General Reply. Fifth Day: Saturday, June 7, 1794 3 Sixth Day: Wednesday, June 11 75 Seventh Day: Thursday, June 12 143 Eighth Day: Saturday, June 14 235 Ninth Day: Monday, June 16 335

INDEX.

Accidental things ought to be carefully distinguished from permanent causes and effects, v. 234.

Account, capital use of an, what, i. 511.

Act of navigation, i. 378; ii. 30, 33.

Acts of grace, impolicy of, ii. 386.

Acts of indemnity and oblivion, probable effects of, as a means of reconciling France to a monarchy, iv. 460.

Addison, Mr., the correctness of his opinion of the cause of the grand effect of the rotund questioned, i. 150. his fine lines on honorable political connections, i. 529.

Administration, Short Account of a Late Short, (Marquis of Rockingham's,) i. 263. censures on that administration, i. 379. state of public affairs at the time of its formation, i. 381. character and conduct of it, i. 388. idea of it respecting America, i. 397. remarks on its foreign negotiations, i. 412. character of a united administration, i. 419. of a disunited one, i. 425. the administration should be correspondent to the legislature, i. 471.

Admiration, the first source of obedience, iv. 251. one of the principles which interest us in the characters of others, vii. 148.

Adrian, first contracts the hounds of the Roman Empire, vii. 214.

Advice, compulsive, from constituents, its authority first resisted by Mr. Burke, iv. 95.

Adviser, duty of an, iv. 42.

Agricola, Julius, character and conduct of, vii. 199.

Aix, the Archbishop of, his offer of contribution, why refused by the French National Assembly, iii. 390.

Aix-la-Chapelle, the treaty of, remarks on, v. 441.

Akbar, the Emperor, obtains possession of Bengal, ix. 392

Alfred the Great, character and conduct of, vii. 261. his care and sagacity in improving the laws and institutions of England, vii. 482.

Allegiance, oath of, remarkable one taken by the nobility to King Stephen, vii. 388.

Alliance, one of the requisites of a good peace, i. 295. the famous Triple Alliance negotiated by Temple and De Witt, v. 438. alliance between Church and State in a Christian commonwealth, a fanciful speculation, vii. 43.

Ambition, one of the passions belonging to society, i. 124. nature and end of, i. 124. misery of disappointed, i. 335. ought to be influenced by popular motives, i. 474. influence of, iii. 107. one of the natural distempers of a democracy, iv. 164. legislative restraints on it in democracies always violent and ineffectual, iv. 164. not an exact calculator, vii. 82. virtue of a generous ambition for applause for public services, x. 176.

America, advantage of, to England, i. 297. nature of various taxes there, i. 355. project of a representation of in Parliament, its difficulties, i. 372. its rapidly increasing commerce, ii. 112. eloquent description of rising glories of, in vision, ii. 115. temper and character of its inhabitants, ii. 120. their spirit of liberty, whence, ii. 120, 133 proposed taxation of, by grant instead of imposition, ii. 154. danger in establishing a military government there, vi. 176.

American Stamp Act, its origin, i. 385. repeal of the, i. 265, 389. reasons of the repeal, ii. 48. good effects of the repeal, i. 401; ii. 59.

Ancestors, our, reverence due to them, iii. 562; iv. 213.

Angles, in buildings, prejudicial to their grandeur, i. 151.

Animals, their cries capable of conveying great ideas, i. 161.

Anniversaries, festive, advantages of, iv. 369.

Anselm, appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 373. supports Henry I. against his brother Robert, vii. 377.

Apparitions, singular inconsistency in the ideas of the vulgar concerning them, vii. 181.

Arbitrary power, steals upon a people by lying dormant for a time, or by being rarely exercised, ii. 201. cannot be exercised or delegated by the legislature, ix. 455. not recognized in the Gentoo code, xi. 208.

Arbitrary system, must always be a corrupt one, x. 5. danger in adopting it as a principle of action, xi. 322.

Areopagus, court and senate of, remarks on the, iii. 507.

Ariosto, a criticism of Boileau on, vii. 154.

Aristocracy, affected terror at the growth of the power of the, in the reign of George II., i. 457. influence of the, i. 457. too much spirit not a fault of the, i. 458. general observations on the, iii. 415. character of a true natural one, iv. 174. regulations in some states with respect to, iv. 250. must submit to the dominion of prudence and virtue, v. 127. character of the aristocracy of France before the Revolution, iii. 412; vi. 39.

Aristotle, his caution against delusive geometrical accuracy in moral arguments, ii. 170. his observations on the resemblance between a democracy and a tyranny, iii. 397. his distinction between tragedy and comedy, vii. 153. his natural philosophy alone unworthy of him, vii. 252. his system entirely followed by Bede, vii. 252.

Armies yield a precarious and uncertain obedience to a senate, iii. 524. remarks on the standing armies of France and England, iii. 224.

Army commanded by General Monk, character of it, iv. 36.

Art, every work of, great only as it deceives, i. 152.

Artist, a true one effects the noblest designs by easy methods, i. 152.

Artois, Comte d', character of, iv. 430.

Ascendency, Protestant, observations on it, vi. 393.

Asers, their origin and conquests, vii. 228.

Assassination, recommended and employed by the National Assembly of France, iv. 34. the dreadful consequences of this policy, in case of war, iv. 34.

Astonishment, cause and nature of, i. 160, 217.

Atheism by establishment, what, v. 310. ought to be repressed by law, vii. 35. schools of, set up by the French regicides at the public charge, vi. 106.

Atheists, modern, contrasted with those of antiquity, iv. 355.

Athenians, at the head of the democratic interests of Greece, iv. 321.

Athens, the plague of, remarkable prevalence of wickedness during its continuance, vii. 84.

Augustin, state of religion in Britain when he arrived there, vii. 233. introduced Christianity among the Anglo-Saxons, vii. 235.

Aulic Council, remarks on the, v. 119.

Austria began in the reign of Maria Theresa to support great armies, v. 368. her treaty of 1756 with France, deplored by the French in 1773, v. 370.

Authority, its only firm seat in public opinion, ii. 224; vi. 165. the people the natural control on it, iv. 164. the exercise and control of it together contradictory, iv. 164. the monopoly of it an evil, v. 151.

Avarice, an instrument and source of oppression in India, iii. 107; ix. 491.

Bacon, Lord, a remark of his applied to the revolution in France, v. 175. his demeanor at his impeachment, xi. 173.

Bacon, N., his work on the laws of England not entitled to authority, vii. 479.

Bail, method of giving it introduced by Alfred, vii. 265. advantage of it, vii. 265.

Ball, John, abstract of a discourse of, iv. 178.

Ballot, all contrivances by it vain to prevent a discovery of the inclinations, iii. 507.

Balmerino, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 34.

Banian, functions and character of the, ix. 363.

Bank paper in England, owing to the flourishing condition of commerce, iii. 541.

Bards, the, character of their verses, vii. 178.

Bartholomew, St., massacre of, iii. 420.

Bathurst, Lord, his imagined vision of the rising glories of America, ii. 114.

Bayle, Mr., an observation of his on religious persecution, vi. 333.

Beauchamp, Lord, his bill concerning imprisonment; Mr. Burke's course with respect to it, ii. 382.

Beauty, a cause of love, i. 114, 165. proportion not the cause of it in vegetables, i. 166. nor in animals, i. 170. nor in the human species, i. 172. beauty and proportion not ideas of the same nature, i. 181. the opposite to beauty not disproportion or deformity, but ugliness, i. 181. fitness not the cause of beauty, i. 181. nor perfection, i. 187. how far the idea of beauty applicable to the qualities of the mind, i. 188. how far applicable to virtue, i. 190. the real cause of beauty, i. 191. beautiful objects, small, i. 191. and smooth, i. 193. and of softly varied contour, i. 194. and delicate, i. 195. and of clear, mild, or diversified, colors, i. 196. beauty of the physiognomy, i. 198. beauty of the eye, i. 198. the beautiful in feeling, i. 201. the beautiful in sounds, i. 203. physical effects of beauty, i. 232.

Bede, the Venerable, brief account of him and his works, vii. 250.

Bedford, the first earl of, who, v. 201.

Begums of Oude, accused by the East India Company of rebellion, ii. 475. pretence for seizing their treasures, xii. 33.

Benares, city of, the capital of the Indian religion, ii. 477, 484. province of, its projected sale to the Nabob of Oude, xi. 259. devastation of, during Mr. Hastings's government, xi. 302, 347. the Rajah of, nature of his authority, xi. 240. imprisoned by Mr. Hastings's order, xi. 277. the Ranny of, the soldiery incited by Mr. Hastings to plunder her, ii. 486.

Benfield, Paul, his character and conduct, iii. 97.

Bengal, extent and condition, of, ii. 498. conquest of, by the Emperor Akbar, ix. 392. era of the independent subahs of, ix. 392. era of the British empire in, ix. 393. nature of the government exercised there by Mr. Hastings, xii. 211.

Bengal Club, observations on the, iv. 324.

Bidjegur, fortress of, taken by order of Mr. Hastings, xi. 291.

Biron, Duchess of, murdered by the French regicides, vi. 41.

Bitterness, in description, a source of the sublime, i. 162.

Blackness, effects of, i. 229.

Boadicea, Roman outrages against, vii. 197.

Boileau, his criticism on a tale in Ariosto, vii. 154.

Bolingbroke, Lord, animadversions on his philosophical works, i. 3. some characteristics of his style, i. 7. a presumptuous and superficial writer, iii. 398. a remark of his on the superiority of a monarchy over other forms of government, iii. 398.

Boncompagni, Cardinal, character of him, iv. 338.

Borrower, the public, and the private lender, not adverse parties with contending interests, v. 455.

Bouillon, Godfrey of, engages in the Crusade, vii. 372.

Boulogne, fortress of, surrendered to France, v. 204. importance of it to England, v. 204.

Bouvines, victory of, important advantages of it to France, vii. 458.

Brabancons, mercenary troops in the time of Henry II., their character, vii. 420.

Bribing, by means of it, rather than by being bribed, wicked politicians bring ruin on mankind, iii. 107.

Brissot, his character and conduct, iv. 371. Preface to his Address to his Constituents, v. 65.

Britain, invasion of, by Caesar, vii. 165. account of its ancient inhabitants, vii. 170. invaded by Claudius, vii. 191. reduced by Ostorius Scapula, vii. 191. finally subdued by Agricola, vii. 199. why not sooner conquered, vii. 202. nature of the government settled there by the Romans, vii. 205. first introduction of Christianity into, vii. 221. deserted by the Romans, vii. 223. entry and settlement of the Saxons there, and their conversion to Christianity, vii. 227.

Britons, more reduced than any other nation that fell under the German power, vii. 232.

Brown, Dr., effect of his writings on the people of England, v. 239.

Buch, Captal de, his severe treatment of the Jacquerie in France, iv. 177.

Buildings, too great length in them, prejudicial to grandeur of effect, i. 152. should be gloomy to produce an idea of the sublime, i. 158.

Burke, Mr., his sentiments respecting several leading members of the Whig party, iv. 66. and respecting a union of Ireland with Great Britain, iv. 297. respecting acts of indemnity and oblivion as a means of reconciling France to a monarchy, iv. 460. his animadversions on the conduct of Mr. Fox, v. 7. his pathetic allusion to his deceased son, v. 207.

Burnet, Bishop, his statement of the methods which carried men of parts to Popery in France, iii. 430.

Bute, Earl of, his resignation, i. 381. his successors recommended by him, i. 381. supposed head of the court party called "King's Men," i. 467.

Caesar, Julius, his policy with respect to the Gauls, vii. 163. his invasion of Germany, vii. 164. and of Britain, vii. 165.

Calais, lost by the surrender of Boulogne, v. 204.

Calamity, its deliberations rarely wise, iii. 540. public calamity often arrested by the seasonable energy of a single man, v. 124.

Caligula undertakes an expedition against Britain, vii. 190.

Calonne, M. de, remarks on his work, "L'Etat de la France," iii. 479. extract from it, iii. 549.

Campanella, curious story concerning him, i. 212.

Canada Bills, convention for their liquidation, i. 409.

Canterbury, dispute between the suffragan bishops of the province and the monks of the Abbey of St. Austin, vii. 446.

Cantons, French, their origin, nature, and function, iii. 462, 464, 471.

Cantoo Baboo, Mr. Hastings's banian, x. 19.

Canute, his character and conduct, vii. 276. remarks on his code of laws, vii. 483.

Capital, monopoly of, not an evil, v. 151.

Care, appearance of, highly contrary to our ideas of magnificence, i. 154.

Carnatic, the extent, nature, and condition of the country, ii. 492; iii. 65. dreadful devastation of it by Hyder Ali Khan, iii. 62.

Caste, consequences of losing it in India, x. 89.

Castile, different from Catalonia and Aragon, iv. 340.

Castles, great numbers of them built in the reign of Stephen, vii. 389.

Casuistry, origin and requisites of, iv. 168. danger of pursuing it too far, iv. 168.

Catholics, Letter to an Irish Peer on the Penal Laws against, iv. 217.

Celsus, his opinion that internal remedies were not of early use proved to be erroneous, vii. 184.

Cerealis, extract from his fine speech to the Gauls, iv. 272.

Change and reformation, distinction between, v. 186.

Characters of others, principles which interest us in them, vii. 148.

Charity, observations on, v. 146. not to be interfered with by the magistrate, v. 146.

Charles I. defended himself on the practice of his predecessors, ii. 279. his ill-judged attempt to establish the rites of the Church of England in Scotland, vii. 8.

Charles II. obliged by the sense of the nation to abandon the Dutch war, ii. 219. brief character of him, iv. 37. his government compared with that of Cromwell, iv. 467.

Charles XII. of Sweden, parallel between him and Richard I. of England, vii. 436.

Charters are kept when their purposes are maintained, ii. 565.

Chatham, Lord, his character, ii. 61.

Cheselden, Mr., his story of a boy who was couched for a cataract, i. 226.

Chester, the County Palatine of, admitted to representation in Parliament in the reign of Henry VIII., ii. 150.

Chesterfield, Lord, his conduct (when Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland) with respect to the Roman Catholics, iv. 235.

Cheyt Sing, Rajah of Benares, nature of his authority, ii. 479; xi. 240. imprisoned by order of Mr. Hastings, xi. 277.

Christendom, the several states of, have all been formed slowly and without any unity of design, v. 373.

Christianity, original introduction of, into Britain, vii. 221.

Church, the, has power to reform her doctrine, discipline, and rites, vii. 7.

Church establishment in England, observations on it, iii. 352. the provision made for its clergy by the state, iii. 364. education of its clergy contrasted with that of the Roman Catholic clergy, iv. 231. eulogy on it, vi. 401; vii. 36, 56.

Cicero, remarks on his orations against Verres, xii. 349.

Circumstances, importance of them in all political principles, iii. 240; vii. 55.

Citizens, not to be listened to, in matters relating to agriculture, v. 146.

Civil list, debts due on it, request for a supply for discharging them, how made, i. 508. plan of economy relative to it, ii. 350.

Civil society, great purpose of, vi. 333.

Civil vicinity, law of, what, v. 322.

Civil wars corrupt the morals of the people, ii. 203.

Clamor, justifiable when it is caused by abuse, vii. 121.

Clarendon, Constitutions of, vii. 403.

Claudius, the Emperor invades Britain, vii. 191.

Clavering, Sir John, eulogy on him, x. 246; xii. 348.

Clear expression, different from a strong one, i. 260.

Clearness not necessary for affecting the passions, i. 133.

Clergy, convocation of, a part of the constitution, ii. 226. observations on the provision made by the state for them, iii. 364, 448. Roman Catholic, in France, character of them before the Revolution, iii. 424. laws of William and Anne respecting the Popish clergy, vi. 317. review of the state of the clergy in England down to the reign of Henry II., vii. 398.

Clive, Lord, sent to India, ix. 438. his conduct there, ix. 439.

Clootz, Anacharsis, his masquerade embassy to the Constituent Assembly of France, vi. 49.

Coke, Lord, ingenious quotation in his Reports, i. 5. his observation on discretion in judicature, iv. 292.

Colonies, commercial, mode of levying taxes in them, an important and difficult consideration, i. 354. American, import ten times more from Great Britain, than they spend in return, i. 393.

Colonists, the British, in America, character of, i. 395. Address to, vi. 183.

Colors, soft and cheerful ones unfit to produce grand images, i. 158.

Comedy, observations on, vii. 150. Aristotle's distinction between it and tragedy, vii. 153.

Comines, Philip de, his remarks on the English civil wars, vi. 252.

Commerce and liberty, the two main sources of power to Great Britain, ii. 87. great increase of, in America, ii. 112.

Common law, nature of the, vii. 462.

Common Pleas, court of, its origin, vii. 466.

Commons, the House of, observations on its nature and character, i. 491. what qualities recommend a man to a seat in it, in popular elections, i. 497. can never control other parts of the government, unless the members themselves are controlled by their constituents, i. 503. ought to be connected with and dependent on the people, i. 508. has a collective character, distinct from that of its members, ii. 66. duty of the members to their constituents, ii. 95. general observations on its privileges and duties, ii. 544. the collective sense of the people to be received from it, ii. 545. its powers and capacities, ii. 552. cannot renounce its share of authority, iii. 258. its composition, iii. 289. the most powerful and most corruptible part of the constitution, vii. 62. a superintendence over the doctrines and proceedings of the courts of justice, one of its principal objects, vii. 107. concise view of its proceedings on the East India question, ii. 559.

Commonwealths, not subject to laws analogous to those of physical life, v. 124, 234.

Communes, in France, their origin, nature, and function, iii. 462, 464, 472.

Compurgators, in Saxon law, what, vii. 318.

Condorcet, brief character of him, iv. 356, 372. extract from a publication of his, iv. 356.

Confidence, unsuspecting, in government, importance of it, ii. 234. of mankind, how to be secured, v. 414.

Connections, party, political, observations on them, i. 527, 530. commended by patriots in the commonwealths of antiquity, i. 527. the Whig connection in Queen Anne's reign, i. 529.

Conquest cannot give a right to arbitrary power, ix. 456.

Conscience, a tender one ought to be tenderly handled, vii. 54.

Constantine the Great, changes made by him in the internal policy of the Roman Empire, vii. 220.

Constantinople, anecdote of the visit of an English country squire to, v. 387. anecdote of the Greeks at the taking of, vi. 96.

Constituents, in England, more in the spirit of the constitution to lessen than to enlarge their number, i. 370. their duty to their representatives, ii. 370. compulsive instruction from them first rejected by Mr. Burke, iv. 95. points in which they are incompetent to instruct their representatives, vii. 74, 75.

Constitution, a, cannot defend itself, vi. 100. consequences of disgracing the frame and constitution of the state, vii. 103. the English, a change in it, an immense and difficult operation, i. 371, 520. English, changes in it to be attempted only in times of general confusion, i. 371. eulogy on it, iii. 561; v. 210; vii. 100. the whole scheme of it to prevent any one of its principles from being carried to an extreme, iv. 207. not struck out at a heat, iv. 209. commendation of it by Montesquieu, iv. 212. the only means of its subversion, what, v. 49, 52.

Constitutional Society, The, its nature and design, iii. 236.

Conti, Prince de, his character and conduct, iv. 436.

Contract, an implied, one, always, between the laborer and his employer, v. 137.

Contracting parties, not necessary that they should have different interests, v. 139.

Control and exercise of authority together contradictory, iv. 164.

Convocation of the clergy, though a part of the constitution, now called for form only, ii. 226.

Conway, General, moves the repeal of the American Stamp Act, ii. 52.

Cornwallis, Lord, (Baron,) proceedings in his trial, xi. 30.

Cornwallis, Lord, (Marquis,) his evidence at the trial of Warren Hastings, xii. 359.

Coronation oath, its obligations with respect to Roman Catholics, iv. 259.

Corporate bodies, their usefulness as instruments, iii. 441. more under the direction of the state than private citizens, iii. 447.

Corruption, of nature and example, what the only security against, ii. 238. in pecuniary matters, the suspicion of it how to be avoided, iii. 95.

Cossim, Ali Khan, his character and conduct, ix. 405.

Country, lore of, remarks on, xi. 422.

Credit and power incompatible, i. 368.

Crimes, the acts of individuals, not of denominations, ii. 418. according to the criminal law, what, vi. 340.

Cromwell, brief character of him, iii. 294. his principle in the appointment of judges, iv. 13. his conduct in government, iv. 37. his government compared with that of Charles II., iv. 467.

Cross, the effect of it not so grand in architecture as that of the parallelogram, i. 150.

Crown, the influence of it, what, i. 444. inheritable nature of it, iii. 258. this principle maintained at the Revolution, iii. 254. the only legitimate channel of communication with other nations, v. 10.

Crusade, origin and progress of the, vii. 369.

Curfew, origin and policy of the, vii. 354.

Curiosity, the first and simplest emotion of the human mind, i. 101. general observations on it, i. 101.

Custom, considered in relation to deformity and beauty, i. 179. not the cause of pleasure, i. 180.

Cyprus, account of the conquest of it by Richard I., vii. 428.

Danger and pain, the idea of them a source of the sublime, i. 110, 130. with certain modifications, delightful, i. 111. the danger of anything very dear to us removes for the time all other affections from the mind, iv. 95.

Darkness more productive of sublime ideas than light, i. 156. necessary to the highest degree of the sublime in building, i. 158. Locke's opinion concerning, i. 225. terrible in its own nature, i. 226. why, i. 227.

Davies, Sir John, his statement of the benefits of the extension of English constitutional law to Ireland, ii. 147; iv. 273.

Day, not so sublime as night, i. 158.

Debi Sing, his character and conduct, x. 69.

Debt, the interest of, not the principal, that which distresses a nation, i. 329.

Debts, civil, faults of the law with regard to, ii. 384. public, excessive, their tendency to subvert government, iii. 437.

Deceivers and cheats never can repent, iv. 9.

Declaration of Right, contains the principles of the Revolution of 1688, iii. 252. drawn by Lord Somers, iii. 254. proceeds upon the principle of reference to antiquity, iii. 273.

Defensive measures, though vigorous at first, relax by degrees, iv. 355. necessary considerations with regard to them, vi. 100.

Definitions, frequently fallacious, i. 81.

Deformity not opposed to beauty, but to the complete common form, i. 178.

Deity, power the most striking of his attributes, i. 143.

Delamere, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 31.

Delight, what, i. 107. distinguished from pleasure, i. 108. the misfortunes of others sometimes a source of, i. 118. the attendant of every passion which animates us to any active purpose, i. 119. how pain can be a cause of, i. 215.

Democracy, no example in modern times of a considerable one, iii. 396. an absolute one, not to be reckoned among the legitimate forms of government, iii. 396. Aristotle's observation on the resemblance between a democracy and a tyranny; iii. 397. the vice of the ancient democracies, what, iii. 508. the foodful nurse of ambition, iv. 104.

Departments in France, their origin, nature, and function, iii. 461, 465.

Depth thought to have a grander effect than height, i. 147.

Description, verbal, a means of raising a stronger emotion than painting, i. 133.

Desirable things always practicable, ii. 357.

Despotism, nature of, i. 446; ix. 458.

D'Espremenil, the illustrious French magistrate, murdered by the Revolutionists, vi. 40.

Dialogue, advantages and disadvantages of it as a mode of argumentation, vi. 9.

Difference in taste, commonly so called, whence, i. 89.

Difficulty, a source of greatness in idea, i. 153. its disciplinary uses, iii. 453. political difficulties, ill consequences of attempting to elude them, iii. 454.

Dignity, national, no standard for rating the conditions of peace, v. 257.

Dimension, greatness of, a powerful cause of the sublime, i. 147. necessary to the sublime in building, i. 152. but incompatible with beauty, i. 242.

Dinagepore, Rajah of, account of him, xii. 318.

Diogenes, anecdote of him, iv. 61.

Directory, the, by whom settled, vii. 13. rejected at the Restoration, vii. 13.

Disappointment, what, i. 108.

Discontents, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present, i. 433. produced by a system of favoritism, i. 469.

Discretion, Lord Coke's remark on, iv. 292.

Discretionary powers of the monarch, should be exercised upon public principles, i. 469.

Discrimination, a coarse, the greatest enemy to accuracy of judgment, v. 143.

Dissenters, observations on the Test Act, in reference to them, iv. 264.

Distress, great, never teaches wise lessons to mankind, iv. 10.

Distrust, advantages of, iv. 443.

Disunion in government, mischief of, i. 425.

Divorce, observations on, v. 313.

Domesday Book, origin, and nature of it, vii. 354.

Double cabinet, project of a, in the English court, i. 447. nature and design of it, i. 454. mischievous influence of it, i. 478. how recommended at court, i. 485. its operation upon Parliament, i. 490. singular doctrine propagated by it, i. 525.

Drama, Hints for an Essay on the, vii. 143.

Dramatic writing, difficulty of, vii. 145. origin of, vii. 149.

Druids, some account of their origin, character, and functions, vii. 176. the opinion that their religion was founded on the unity of the Godhead, confuted, vii. 185.

Dryden, his translation of a passage in Virgil, v. 391.

Du Bos, his theory of the greater effect of painting than of poetry on the passions, controverted, i. 134.

Dunkirk, demolition of, i. 412.

Dunning, Mr., brief character of, ii. 398.

Du Pin, M. de la Tour, his account of the state of the army in France, iii. 512.

Durham, County Palatine of, admitted to representation in Parliament, in the reign of Charles II., ii. 152.

Duty, effectual execution of it, how to be secured, ii. 353. determined by situation, ii. 465; iv. 167. people do not like to be told of it, iv. 163. not dependent on the will, iv. 165.

Easter, whence the name derived, vii. 237. disputes about the time of celebrating it promote the study of astronomy and chronology, vii. 252.

East India Company, origin of the, ix. 348. system of its service, ix. 350. a fundamental part of its constitution, that its government shall be a written one, ix. 369. two sources of its power, ix. 345. its negotiations with government, i. 362. observations on its charter, ii. 438. extent and population of its possessions, ii. 443, 444. observations on its conduct, ii. 446. its treatment of the nations indirectly subject to its authority, ii. 466. its administration in the countries immediately under its government, ii. 497. concise view of the proceedings of the House of Commons relative to it, ii. 559.

East Indies, origin of the extensive British possessions there, ii. 560.

Ecclesiastical investiture, origin and nature of, vii. 382.

Economy and war not easily reconciled, i. 310. admirable system of, in France, under Necker, ii. 273. difficulty of attempting a plan of public economy, ii. 268. rules for a proper plan of, ii. 286. things prescribed by the principles of radical economy, ii. 310. distinction between economy and parsimony, v. 195. political economy, had its origin in England, v. 192.

Education, effect of it on the colonists in America, ii. 124. description of a good one, iv. 24; xii. 280.

Edward the Confessor, his character and conduct, vii. 278.

Election, popular, of magistrates, importance of it to a state, i. 472. right of, what, i. 505. mischief of frequent elections, i. 517; vii. 75. the expense of them an important consideration, vii. 78.

Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI., murdered by the French regicides, vi. 41.

Emphyteusis of the Romans, nature of it, vi. 354.

Empires do not fall by their own weight, vi. 27.

England, nature of its monarchy, ii. 288. eulogy on its constitution, v. 210; natural representation of its people, what it is, v. 284. its constant policy with regard to France, iv. 397. always necessarily the soul and head of any confederacy against France, iv. 397; v. 245.

English History, An Abridgment of the, vii. 157.

Enmity, when avowed, is always felt, vi. 57.

Enthusiasm, excited by other causes besides religion, v. 361.

Eostre, the name of a Saxon goddess,--whence the term Easter, vii. 237.

Epicureans, the, why tolerated in their atheism by the supporters of the ancient heathen religions, vii. 31. their physics the most rational of the ancient systems, vii. 251. why discredited, vii. 251.

Equity, criminal, a monster in jurisprudence, i. 500.

Established Church, the, should be powerful, but comprehensive and tolerant, vii. 36.

Established religion of a state, has often torn to pieces the civil establishment, vi. 357.

Establishment, legal, ground of a legislative alteration of it, vii. 10. ground of the constitutional provision for the exclusive application of tithes to its support, vii. 12.

Etiquette, its signification and uses, v. 434.

Europe, general division of, before the universal prevalence of the Roman power, vii. 159. the original inhabitants of Greece and Italy of the same race with the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161. view of the state of Europe at the time of the Norman invasion, vii. 327.

Evidence, circumstantial, remarks on it, xi. 93.

Example, of men of principle, never without use, i. 426. the only argument of effect in civil life, i. 499. what the only security against a corrupt one, ii. 238. the school of mankind, v. 331.

Executions of criminals, observations on them, vi. 245.

Exercise necessary to the finer organs, i. 216.

Expression, difference between a clear and a strong one, i. 260.

Eye, the, in what its beauty consists, i. 198.

Eyre, Sir Robert, (Solicitor-General,) extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 138.

Factions, formed upon and generate opinions, vii. 44.

Fame, a passion for it, the instinct of all great souls, ii. 65. the separation of it from virtue, a harsh divorce, ii. 243.

Fanaticism, epidemical, formidable nature of it, iii. 435. may be caused by a theory concerning government as much as by a dogma in religion, iv. 192.

Farmer, dangerous to try experiments on him, v. 147. amount of his usual profits, what, v. 148. difficulties of his business, v. 152.

Favoritism, a system of, in the executory government of England, at variance with the plan of the legislature, i. 469.

Fear, cause of it, i. 210. early and provident fear the mother of safety, vii. 50.

Feeling, the beautiful in, i. 201.

Female sex, the moral sensibility more acute in them then in men, xii. 164.

Finances, three standards to judge of the condition of a nation with regard to them, i. 330. importance of them to a state, iii. 534. admirable management of the French finances under Necker, ii. 273.

Financier, duty of a judicious one in respect to his calculations, i. 348. his objects, what, iii. 538, 558.

Fire, a chief object of worship to the Druids, why, vii. 182.

Firmness, a virtue only when it accompanies the most perfect wisdom, i. 440.

Fitness, not the cause of beauty, i. 181. the real effects of it, i. 184.

Flattery, why so prevalent, i. 124.

Florence, republic of, its origin, vii. 331.

Force, not impaired, either in effect or opinion, by an unwillingness to exert itself, ii. 108. objections to its employment against the American colonies, ii. 118.

Forest lands, plan of economical reform concerning them, ii. 300.

Foster, Justice, extracts from his Crown Cases and Discourses on the Crown Law, xi. 28, 123.

Fox, (C.J.) panegyrics on him, ii. 533; iii. 219. reluctant dissent from his opinion concerning the assumption of citizenship by the French army, iii. 218. animadversions on his commendation of the French Revolution, iv. 77; v. 7. policy of a treaty with France maintained by him, v. 26. his conduct contrasted with that of Mr. Pitt, v. 60.

France, from its vicinity, always an object of English vigilance with regard to its power or example, iii. 216. Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with respect to, iv. 403. the liberties of Europe dependent on its being a great and preponderating power, iv. 455. character of its government before the Revolution, as shown by a review of the condition of the kingdom, iii. 400. its exterior splendor just before the Revolution, v. 236. state of things there during the Revolution, iv. 70. barbarous treatment of the king and queen at the outbreak of the Revolution, iii. 325. eloquent description of the queen as Dauphiness, and of the revolution in her fortunes, iii. 331. observations on her execution, vi. 40. degraded office to which the king was appointed by the Revolutionists, iii. 496; iv. 20. with his own hand pulled down the pillars of his throne, iv. 362. character of the king's brothers, iv. 429. character of the aristocracy before the Revolution, iii. 412; vi. 39.

Franchise and office, difference between them, iv. 252. effect of separating property from franchise, iv. 256.

Franklin, Dr., conjectures on his visit to Paris, vi. 152.

Freedom, the great contests for it in England chiefly on the question of taxation, ii. 120. but in the ancient commonwealths chiefly on the right of election of magistrates, or on the balance among the several orders of the state, ii. 120. character of civil freedom, ii. 229. our best securities for it obtained from princes who were either war-like or prodigal, vi. 35.

French Affairs, Thoughts on, iv. 313.

French Directory, the character of its members, v. 448. their conduct towards the foreign ministers, vi. 48.

French emigrants, capable of being serviceable in restoring order to France, iv. 427.

French literary cabal, their plan for the destruction of Christianity, iii. 378.

French moneyed interest, at variance with the landed interest, iii. 376.

French Revolution, characterized as one of doctrine and theoretic dogma, iv. 319. its fundamental principle, iv. 322.

Frenchmen naturally more intense in their application than Englishmen, iv. 54. mischievous consequences of this, iv. 55.

Friends of the Liberty of the Press, a club formed under the auspices of Mr. Fox, v. 20. origin and character of it, v. 20.

Friends of the People, origin, composition, and proceedings of the club so called, v. 12. a libellous petition of theirs, v. 47.

Frugality, founded on the principle that all riches have limits, ii. 308.

Gaming, a principle inherent in human nature, ii. 293. a general spirit of it encouraged by the Revolutionists in France, iii. 488. they who are under its influence treat their fortunes lightly, iv. 204.

Garrick, David, anecdote of him, vi. 47.

Gauls, their early incursions into Greece and Italy, vii. 161. reduced at last by the Romans under Caesar, vii. 162. policy of Caesar with regard to them, vii. 163.

Geneva, possible benefits to it from state granaries, v. 155.

Genghis Khan, observations on his code, xi. 212.

Genoa, republic of, its origin, vii. 831.

Gentoo law, the primeval law of India, xi. 207.

Gentoos, the original inhabitants of Hindostan, ix. 377. distribution of the people into orders or castes, ix. 380. origin and character of their laws, ix. 482. extracts from Halhed's translation of them, xi. 209.

George II., character of his reign, i. 456.

George III., advantages under which he came to the throne, i. 450.

Germanic Custumary, the source of the polity of every country in Europe, v. 319.

Germans, of Scythian original, vii. 322. brief account of their manners and institutions, vii. 291. in certain of their institutions the outlines of the constitution of England delineated, vii. 293.

Germany, how likely to be affected by the Revolution in France, iv. 328.

Gibraltar, the object of England in retaining it, iv. 383.

Glastonbury Abbey, its extraordinary wealth and splendor, vii. 245.

Go-betweens, the world governed by, iv. 189. their mode of influence, iv. 190.

Good fame of every man, ought to be protected by the laws, vii. 112.

Gothic Custumary, the source of the polity of every country in Europe, v. 319.

Government, the forms of a free one not altogether incompatible with the ends of an arbitrary one, i. 444. project of government devised in the court of Frederick, Prince of Wales, i. 447. considered, i. 450. nature and design of it, i. 460. name of it, i. 466. important ends of a mixed government, i. 469. folly of hazarding plans of government except from a seat of authority, ii. 104. government a practical thing, ii. 227; iii. 310. character of a free one, ii. 227. an eminent criterion of a wise one, what, ii. 278. reform in it should be early and temperate, ii. 280. without means of some change, is without the means of its conservation, iii. 259. difficulty of forming a free one, iii. 560. the particular form of it to be determined by the circumstances and habits of a country, iv. 109. a theory concerning it may be as much a cause of fanaticism as a dogma in religion, iv. 192. the establishment of one a difficult undertaking for foreign powers to act in as principals, iv. 410. not subject to laws analogous to those or physical life, v. 124, 234. restraint the great purpose of, v. 133, 189. policy of, in times of scarcity, v. 156. important problem concerning, v. 166. perishes only through its own weakness, v. 169. impossible where property does not rule, v. 377. the great objects of, v. 466; vii. 72. its duty and right to attend much to opinions, vii. 44. stands on opinion, vii. 91.

Grace, acts of, impolicy of them, ii. 386.

Gracefulness, an idea belonging to posture and motion, i. 200.

Granaries, public, danger in erecting them, v. 153. fit only for a state too small for agriculture, v. 155.

Grand Seignior, the, not an arbitrary monarch, ix. 464.

Great personages, wisely provided that we should interest ourselves in their fate, xi. 308. everywhere made the objects of tragedy, xi. 308.

Greece, its original inhabitants of the same race as the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161. situation of it from a remote period, vii. 161.

Greek Church, character of its secular clergy, iv. 230.

Green Cloth, Court of, its origin and composition, ii. 304.

Grenville, Mr., character of him, ii. 37.

Grenville, Lord, eulogy of him, v. 174.

Grief, cause of, i. 108.

Guienne, William, Duke of, engages in the Crusade, vii. 374.

Guilt, gigantic, overpowers our ideas of justice, iv. 466. expedients for concealing it, frequently the cause of its detection, x. 49. is never wise, x. 49; xi. 261.

Habeas Corpus, remarks upon the suspension of it in respect to Americans, ii. 190.

Habit and use, not causes of pleasure, i. 180.

Hale, Sir Matthew, Cromwell's declaration to him when he appointed him judge, iv. 13. defect in his History of the Common Law, vii. 476. causes of it, vii. 476.

Halhed's translation of the Gentoo code, remarks on it, xi. 207.

Hallmote, or Court Baron, what, vii. 301.

Hannay, Colonel, his character and conduct, xi. 418.

Happiness, civil, what, x. 135.

Hardwicke, Lord, his declaration as to the general rule of evidence, xi. 77.

Harrington, his opinion as to a commonwealth not governed by its property, v. 377.

Hastings, Mr., articles of charge against him presented to the House of Commons, 1786, viii. 305-ix. 318. appendix to the eighth and sixteenth charges, ix. 319. speeches of Mr. Burke in his impeachment, ix. 327-x. 451; xi. 155-xii. 398. Report from the Committee appointed to inspect the Lords' Journals, in relation to their proceedings on his trial, xi. 1. his conduct in the treaty with the Mahrattas, ii. 454. brief account of his treatment of the Nabob of Oude, ii. 467. of the Begums of Oude, ii. 476. of the Ranny of Benares, ii. 485. his venal agreement for the extirpation of the Rohillas, viii. 308. his fraudulent sale of the territories of the Mogul, viii. 322. his designs against the Rajah of Benares, viii. 339. orders the arrest of the Rajah, viii. 361. instigates the plunder of his family by the soldiery, viii. 368. usurps the government of Benares, viii. 380. his oppressive impositions and exactions, viii. 381. enforces the confiscation of the landed estates of the Begums of Oude, viii. 403. orders the seizure of their treasures, viii. 409. severities practised upon their ministers in the execution of those orders, viii. 414. endeavors to stifle an inquiry into his proceedings, viii. 448. corruptly abandons the Nabob of Furruckabad and his country to the oppressions of the Nabob of Oude, viii. 472. causes the destruction of the Rajah of Sahlone, viii. 486. sets at defiance the orders of the Company with respect to contracts, ix. 4. and with respect to salaries, ix. 11. his illegal and extravagant allowances to Sir Eyre Coote, ix. 12. and to Brigadier-General Stibbert, ix. 13. and to Sir John Day, ix. 15. and for the civil establishment of Fort William, ix. 17. his appointment of the Secretary of the Council as agent for the supply of rice, with enormous commissions, ix. 19. his corrupt receipt of presents in numerous instances, ix. 23. tender and subsequent disavowal of his resignation, and refusal to vacate office, ix. 42. his illegal contract with the Surgeon-General, ix. 60. his contracts for Poolbundy repairs, ix. 60. his opium contracts, ix. 63. his appointment of R.J. Sulivan to office, ix. 70. his conduct with regard to the Ranna of Gohud, ix. 72. his frequent, violent, and unauthorized changes in the revenue and judicial systems of Bengal, ix. 79, 87. permits his own banian to hold farms to a large amount in different districts, in violation of his own regulations, ix. 83. refuses relief to the distresses of the Nabob of Oude, ix. 98. seeks to enforce unjust demands against the Nabob, ix. 98. illegally assumes the delegation of the whole functions of the Council, for the purpose of making a treaty with the Nabob, ix. 104. in contravention of treaty stipulations, burdens the Nabob with the continued maintenance of British troops, ix. 109, 112. makes unjustifiable demands on, and receives unlawful presents from the Nabob, ix. 110, 114. on his own simple allegation of indefinite offences, urges the Nabob to put to death Almas Ali Khan, ix. 154. establishes a system of disreputable and ruinous interference in the government of the Nabob, ix. 162. attempts to abandon the British army to the sole discretion of the Nabob, ix. 168. arrests and continues in long imprisonment Mahomed Reza Khan, without any proofs of guilt, ix. 185. appoints Munny Begum to be guardian to the Nabob of Bengal, and administratrix of the government, ix. 187. seeks the aggrandizement of the Mahrattas, ix. 220, 228. the Mogul delivered up to them through his instrumentality, ix. 221. he libels and asperses the Court of Directors, ix. 228. forces the Mahrattas into a war, by repeatedly invading their country, ix. 253. concludes a dishonorable treaty of peace and alliance with them, ix. 254. withholds and conceals his official correspondence and proceedings from the Directors and Council, ix. 267. his conduct with regard to Fyzoola Khan, ix. 268. his arbitrary principles of government, ix. 446; xi. 194. his corrupt system of government, x. 5. general farming of the lands at auction, in derogation of the rights of proprietors, x. 15. sale of offices, x. 21. conduct in reference to the accusations of Nundcomar, x. 24, 205. in the case of Munny Begum and the Nabob of Bengal, x. 26, 193, 278; xii. 218, 245. the receipt of bribes justified by an intention to apply them to the Company's service, x. 43, 324. account given of some of these transactions to the Directors, x. 44, 338. delegation of the management of the revenues to a nominal council, with Gunga Govind Sing as agent, x. 53. appointment of Debi Sing to the charge of the province of Dinagepore, x. 65. the enormities of this man, mock inquiries into them, and Mr. Hastings's responsibility in the premises, x. 77, 92, 186. Mr. Hastings's measures justified by himself, as producing an increase of revenue, x. 136. remarks on the testimonials of the natives in his favor, x. 154; xii. 356. proofs of personal corruption, x. 161-295. charged with peculation by General Clavering, x. 244. opinions of counsel concerning his proposed prosecution by the Directors, x. 257. his connivance in the general corruption of the Service, x. 296; xii. 294. recriminatory charges against the House of Commons, xi. 166. powers claimed by him, and the manner and results of their exercise, xi. 195, 236, 238. in the case of Cheyt Sing and the province of Benares, xi. 236. of the Nabob of Oude, his kindred and country, xi. 372; xii. 3. of the province of Bengal, xii. 208. his extravagant and corrupt contracts, xii. 297. his conduct in reference to various presents, xii. 324, 338, 350. observations on the Mahometan college founded by him, xii. 352. Lord Cornwallis's testimony to the disastrous effects of his revenue system, xii. 359. examination of the merits set up by him, xii. 370.

Hawles, Sir John, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 126, 135.

Height, less grand than depth, i. 147.

Helvetii, remarkable emigration of them related by Caesar, vii. 172.

Henry I. of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 375.

Henry II. of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 394.

Henry IV. of England, severs the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster from the crown, ii. 296.

Henry IV. of France, brief character of him, iii. 411.

Hii, or Columbkill, brief account of it, vii. 249.

Hindoo institutions, characteristics of, ix. 382.

Hindoo polity, destroyed by Mr. Hastings, ix. 394.

Hindostan, eras in its history, ix. 386.

History, moral lessons to be drawn from it, iii. 418, 421. caution with regard to the study of it, iv. 468.

Hobbes, his view of war as the state of Nature, i. 15.

Holland, Sir John, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 146.

Holy Land, view of its condition at the commencement of the third Crusade, vii. 426.

Homer, his similitudes seldom exact, i. 88. a simile from the Iliad, i. 105. his representation of Discord, obscure and magnificent, i. 138. no instance in the Iliad of the fall of any man remarkable for stature and strength that touches us with pity, i. 243. has given to the Trojans more of the amiable and social virtues than to the Greeks, i. 243. would excite pity for the Trojans, admiration for the Greeks, i. 243. his masterly representation of the grief of Priam over the body of Hector, iv. 95. observation on his representation of the ghosts of heroes at the sacrifices of Ulysses, vii. 181. his works introduced into England by Theodorus, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 249.

Honest men, no safety for them but by believing all possible evil of evil men, iv. 7.

Horace, the truth of an observation in his Art of Poetry, discussed, i. 134. a passage from him of similar import to one from David, i. 143.

Household, the royal, has strong traces of feudality, ii. 303.

Howard, the philanthropist, his labors, ii. 387.

Hudibras, humorous lines from, applicable to the modern Whigs, iv. 150.

Hume, Mr., his account of the secret of Rousseau's principles of composition, iii. 459. his remark on the doctrines of John Ball, iv. 355.

Humility, the basis of the Christian system, iv. 26. humanity cannot be degraded by it, v. 253.

Husbandry, classification of laborers in, v. 144.

Hyder Ali Khan, scheme of the creditors of the Nabob of Arcot to extirpate him, iii. 61. dreadful devastation of the Carnatic by him, iii. 83.

Hypaethra of the Greeks, what, vii. 187.

Imagination, what, i. 86. no bounds to men's passions when they are under its influence, iv. 192.

Imitation, one of the passions belonging to society, i. 122. its source and use, i. 122.

Impeachment, the great guardian of the purity of the constitution, i. 495.

Impey, Sir Elijah, (Chief Justice of Bengal,) accused of the official murder of Nundcomar, x. 218. resolution of the House of Commons concerning this accusation, x. 311. serves as bearer of Mr. Hastings's order to seize the treasures of the Begums of Oude, xii. 32. acts as commissioner to seek affidavits against the Begums, xii. 82.

Indecision, the natural accomplice of violence, iv. 190.

Indemnification, one of the requisites of a good peace, i. 295.

Indemnity and oblivion, acts of, their probable effects as means of reconciling France to a monarchy, iv. 460.

Independence of mind, always more or less influenced by independence of fortune, vii. 78.

India, the people of, classification of them, ix. 376; xi. 207.

Indians, British alliances with them in the American war denounced, vi. 171.

Indifference, pleasure, and pain, viewed in relation to each other, as states of the mind, i. 103.

Indolence, the prevailing characteristic of the class of elegant, weak-minded people, vii. 147.

Industry, effect of the Irish Popery laws in discouraging it, vi. 351.

Infinite, the artificial, consists in succession and uniformity of parts, i. 149, 220.

Infinity, a source of the sublime, i. 148. in agreeable images, a cause of pleasure, i. 153.

Influence of the crown, operation of it, i. 444.

Inheritance, value of this principle in the British constitution, iii. 274.

Injury is quick and rapid, justice slow, x. 151; xi. 181.

Innocence, contrasted with guilt, ix. 371.

Insolvency, who ought to suffer in a case of, iii. 381.

Institutions, ancient juridical ones in England, intended to retard the headlong course of violence and oppression, ii. 193. in political institutions, soundness of the materials of more importance than the fashion of the work, v. 120. how, when revolutionized, to be reestablished, v. 126. benefits of institution, properly conditional, vii. 15.

Interest of a debt, not the principal, distresses a nation, i. 329.

Intolerance, mischief of it, vii. 34.

Ireland, danger of a proposed tax upon, i. 352. early transmission thither of English liberties and institutions, ii. 146. Two Letters to Gentlemen of Bristol relative to the Trade of Ireland, ii. 247. Mr. Burke's defence of his Parliamentary conduct with regard to it, ii. 377. the plan for the government of Ireland until 1782, what, iv. 233. the true revolution there, that of 1782, iv. 276. state of religion there before the grant of Pope Adrian IV., vi. 342. object of the grant, vi. 342. mutual importance of Ireland and Great Britain to one another, vi. 420. reduction of Ireland by Henry II., vii. 410. nature and previous condition of the country, vii. 410. motives which led Adrian to commission Henry to reduce it, vii. 410, 413. the English laws said to have been established there at its subjugation by John, vii. 449.

Irish language, names of the letters of it taken from the names of several species of trees, vii. 412.

Isocrates, observation of his in one of his orations against the Sophists, i. 5.

Italy, its original inhabitants of the same race as the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161. its situation from a remote period, vii. 161.

Jacobinism by establishment, what, v. 309.

Jacobins, their character, iv. 437, v. 285, vi. 367. their great object, v. 39.

Jacquerie, brief notice of the, iv. 177.

Jaffier Ali Khan, made Nabob of Bengal by the English, ix. 401.

Jaghires, Indian, nature of them, xii. 9.

Jekyl, Sir Joseph, his character, iv. 130. extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 142, 143.

Jews, a source of great revenue to William the Conqueror, vii. 351.

Job, observations on its sublime representation of a vision in the night, i. 137. its sublime descriptions of the war-horse, the wild ass, and the unicorn and leviathan, i. 140.

John, King of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 437.

Judge, duty of one, xi. 104.

Judges, ought to be the very last to feel the necessities of the state, ii. 351.

Judgment and wit, difference between them, i. 87. the senses should be put under the tuition of the judgment, iii. 15. a coarse discrimination the greatest enemy to accuracy of judgment, v. 143.

Juridical and legislative acts, difference between them, vii. 63.

Juries, an institution of gradual formation, vii. 115. not attributable to Alfred, vii. 264. never prevalent amongst the Saxons, vii. 264.

Jurisprudence, nature and importance of the science, iii. 357. abrogation of it in France at the Revolution, v. 307. state of the study of it in England, vii. 476. whole frame of it altered since the Conquest, vii. 478.

Justice is slow, injury quick and rapid, x. 151; xi. 181. general observations on it, xii. 393, 395.

Keppel, Lord, character of him, v. 222.

Kilkenny, Statutes of, prove the ancient existence in Ireland of the spirit of the Popery laws, iv. 273.

King, the things in which he has an individual interest, i. 485. nature of his office, iii. 497. just powers of the king of France, iv. 49. power of the king of England, iv. 50. Address to the, in relation to the Measures of Government in the American Contest, vi. 161.

Kings, naturally lovers of low company, ii. 337. in what sense the servants of the people, iii. 269.

King's Men, or King's Friends, character of the court corporation so called, i. 466.

Knight-errantry, origin of it, vii. 390.

Labor, necessary, why, i. 215. human labor called by the ancients _instrumentum vocale_, v. 140. that on which the farmer is most to rely for the repayment of his capital, v. 140.

Laborer and employer, always an implied contract between them, v. 137. the first and fundamental interest of the laborer, what, v. 140.

Laboring poor, impropriety of the expression, v. 135, 466.

Lacedemonians, at the head of the aristocratic interests of Greece, iv. 321.

La Fontaine, has not one original story, vii. 145.

Lancaster, Duchy and County Palatine of, severed from the crown by Henry IV., ii. 296.

Landed estate of the crown, remarks on it, ii. 299.

Landed Interest, policy of the French Republic with regard to it, iv. 323.

Landed property, the firm basis of every stable government, v. 491.

Lanfranc, character of him, vii. 363.

Langton, Stephen, his appointment to the see of Canterbury through the influence of the Pope, vii. 447, 451. oath administered by him to King John on his absolution, vii. 455.

Law's Mississippi scheme, character of it, iii. 554.

Law of neighborhood, what, v. 321.

Law, remarks on the study of it, ii. 125.

Laws, reach but a very little way, i. 470. their severity tempered by trial by jury, i. 499. superseded by occasions of public necessity, ii. 329. bad ones the worst sort of tyranny, ii. 395. laws and manners, a knowledge of what belongs to each the duty of a statesman, v. 167. civil laws not all merely positive, v. 321. two things requisite to the solid establishment of them, vi. 321. equity and utility, the two foundations of them, vi. 323. ought to be in unison with manners, vii. 27. of England, Essay towards an History of the, vii. 475. of England, written in the native language until the Norman Conquest, vii. 481. of other Northern nations, written in Latin, vii. 481. cause of this difference, vii. 481. of Canute the Great, remarks on them, vii. 483. of Edward the Confessor, so called, vii. 484. ancient Saxon, review of their sanctions, vii. 484. sources of them, vii. 487. Gentoo, sources of them, ix. 482. Mahometan, sources of them, ix. 480; xi. 216.

Lawful enjoyment, the surest method to prevent unlawful gratification, iv. 256.

Lawsuit, observations on that comedy, vii. 152.

Learning, an attention to it necessary to Christianity, vii. 246. contributed, in the early ages, to the temporal power of the clergy, vii. 399.

Lechmere, Mr., extracts from his speeches at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 122, 124, 142.

Legislation, important problem in, v. 166.

Legislative and juridical acts, the difference between them, vii. 63.

Legislative right, not to be exercised without regard to the general opinion of those who are to be governed, ii. 224.

Legislators, bound only by the great principles of reason and equity, and the general sense of mankind, ii. 196. character of a true legislator, ii. 456. duties of legislators, v. 166; vi. 319. the mode of proceeding of the ancient legislators, iii. 476.

Legislature, the true end of it, what, ii. 225; iii. 457. its power of regulating the succession to the crown, iv. 134.

Leland, Dr., his book (View of Deistical Writers) the best on the subject, vii. 34.

Length, too great, in buildings, prejudicial to grandeur of effect, i. 152.

Letter of Mr. Burke to the Sheriffs of Bristol, on American Affairs, ii. 187. to Gentlemen of Bristol, on the Trade of Ireland, ii. 249, 258. to a Member of the National Assembly, on French Affairs, iv. 1. to a Peer of Ireland, on the Penal Laws against Irish Catholics, iv. 217. to Sir Hercules Langrishe, on the Roman Catholics of Ireland, iv. 241; vi. 375. to William Elliot, Esq., on a Speech in the House of Lords, in the Debate concerning Lord Fitzwilliam, v. 107. to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks upon himself and his Pension, v. 171. on a Regicide Peace, v. 233, 342, 384; vi. 1. to the Empress of Russia, vi. 113. to Sir Charles Bingham, on the Irish Absentee Tax, vi. 121. to Hon. Charles James Fox, on the American War, vi. 135. to the Marquis of Rockingham, on the Plans of the Opposition in reference to the American War, vi. 151. to Rt. Hon. Edmund S. Pery, on the Relief of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, vi. 197. to Thomas Burgh, Esq., in Vindication of his Parliamentary Conduct relative to Ireland, vi. 209. to John Merlott, Esq., on the same subject, vi. 235. to the Lord Chancellor and others, with Thoughts on the Executions of the Rioters in 1780, vi. 239. to Rt. Hon. Henry Dundas, with the Sketch of a Negro Code, vi. 255. to the Chairman of the Buckinghamshire Meeting, on Parliamentary Reform, vi. 291. to William Smith, Esq., on Catholic Emancipation, vi. 361. to Richard Burke, Esq., on Protestant Ascendency in Ireland, vi. 385. on the Affairs of Ireland in 1797, vi. 413. on Mr. Dowdeswell's Bill for explaining the Powers of Juries in Prosecutions for Libels, vii. 123.

Libel, the elements of a, vii. 113.

Libelling, not the crime of an illiterate people, vii. 111.

Liberty and commerce, the two main sources of power to Great Britain, ii. 87. mistakes about liberty, ii. 228. cannot long exist among a people generally corrupt, ii. 242. necessity of regulating it, iii. 240, 559, how far men are qualified for it, iv. 51. the distinguishing part of the British constitution, iv. 97. its preservation the peculiar duty of the House of Commons, iv. 97. order and virtue necessary to its existence, iv. 97. a constitution uniting public and private liberty with the elements of a beneficent and stable government, an elaborate contrivance, iv. 211. partial freedom and true liberty contrasted, vi. 389. review of the causes of the revolution in favor of liberty in the reign of King John, vii. 472.

Light, how a cause of the sublime, i. 156. when excessive, resembles darkness in its effects, i. 157. light and riant colors opposed to the sublime, i. 159.

Limerick, treaty of, observations on two of its articles, vi. 345.

Lindisfarne, brief account of, vii. 250.

Liturgy of the Established Church, alteration of it ineffectual for the quieting of discontent, vii. 13.

Locke, Mr., his opinion concerning pleasure and pain, i. 105. his opinion concerning darkness, i. 225.

Longinus, an observation of his on the effect of sublime passages in poets and orators, i. 124.

Lords, House of, affected alarm at a supposed intrenchment by it on the balance of the constitution, in the reign of George II., i. 457. the feeblest part of the constitution, v. 49.

Loudness, a source of the sublime, i. 159.

Louis XIII., his hatred of Richelieu, iii. 499.

Louis XIV., his dislike to Mazarin and Louvois, iii. 499. his conduct at the peace of Ryswick, vi. 58. reason given by him for the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, vi. 328.

Louis XVI., barbarous treatment experienced by him at the Revolution, iii. 325; iv. 19. unjustly called an arbitrary monarch, iii. 339. degraded office to which he was appointed by the Revolutionists, iii. 496; iv. 20. not the first cause of the evil by which he suffered, v. 366. his character, v. 378. character of his brothers, iv. 429.

Love, its origin, nature, and objects, i. 125. the physical cause of it, i. 232. nature of that taught by Rousseau, iv. 30. observations on the love of parents to their children, xi. 422. and on the love of country, xi. 422; iii. 292, 494.

Lucretius, passages from him, illustrative of the sublime, i. 144, 257.

Luxury, some good consequences of it, i. 424. a tax on it, the only contribution that can be termed voluntary, v. 461.

Machiavel, an observation of his on war and peace, i. 15. his maxim concerning wickedness by halves, vi. 43.

Madmen, a frequent appearance in them accounted for, i. 149.

Magna Charta, observations on it, iii. 272; iv. 266. origin and nature of it, vii. 460.

Magnanimity, in politics, often the truest wisdom, ii. 181.

Magnificence, a source of the sublime, i. 154.

Magnitude, in building, necessary to the sublime, i. 152.

Mahomed Reza Khan, arrested by Mr. Hastings, x. 184.

Mahometanism, its conquests in Hindostan, ix. 387.

Mahometan government, character of it, ix. 463. laws, sources of them, ix. 480; xi. 216.

Mahrattas, their territories invaded by the East India Company, ii. 453. treaties with them, ii. 453, 454.

Majority, in a commonwealth, question as to the proper power of, iii. 299; iv. 170. not true that in all contests the decision will be in their favor, vii. 53.

Malesherbes, murdered by the French Revolutionists, vi. 40.

Malvoisins, what, vii. 389.

Man, a creature of habit and opinions, ii. 234; xii. 164.

Manifestoes, implying superiority over an enemy, when commonly made, iv. 405. matters usually contained in them, iv. 405.

Manilla ransom, remarks on it, i. 407.

Manners, while they remain entire, correct the vices of law, ii. 202. corrupted by civil wars, ii. 203. maintained in Europe for ages by the spirit of nobility and of religion, iii. 335. in England, derived from France, iii. 336. have done alone in England what institutions and manners together have done in France, iv. 327. statesmen ought to know what appertains respectively to manners and laws, v. 167. of more importance than laws, v. 310. laws ought to be in unison with them, vii. 27.

Mansfield, Lord, his declarations concerning rules of evidence, xi. 84.

Mara, the name of a Saxon goddess,--whence the term Night-Mare, vii. 237.

Marriage, beneficial results of the Christian doctrine concerning it, v. 312. endeavors of the French Constituent Assembly to desecrate it, v. 312. ends for which it was instituted, vii. 131. restraints upon it in the reign of King John, vii. 464.

Marriage Act, principles upon which it is grounded, vii. 131.

Mathematical and metaphysical reasoning, compared with moral, vii. 73.

Mazarin, Cardinal, not loved by Louis XIV., iii. 499. bon-mot of a flatterer of his, on the match between Louis XIV. and a daughter of Spain, vi. 20.

Mediterranean Sea, importance to England of keeping a strong naval force there, v. 421.

Memorial to be delivered to Monsieur de M.M., Hints for a, iv. 307.

Merchants, English, their evidence, petitions, and consultations respecting America, i. 399, 405, 406. principles and qualities of, ii. 506.

Mercy, not opposed to justice, iv. 465; vi. 252. consists not in the weakness of the means, but in the benignity of the ends, vi. 168.

Metaphysician, nothing harder than the heart of a thorough-bred one, v. 216.

Migration, in early times, caused by pasturage and hunting, vii. 171. and by wars, vii. 171.

Military life, its attractions to those who have had experience of it, v. 464.

Military and naval officers, the fortitude required of them, v. 468.

Militia, probable origin of it, vii. 422.

Milton, his admirable description of Death, i. 132. his celebrated portrait of Satan, i. 135. his description of the appearance of the Deity, i. 156. example from him of the beautiful in sounds, i. 203. of the power of words, i. 259.

Ministers, Prussian, infected with the principles of the French Revolution, iv. 359. British, to be controlled by the House of Commons, v. 57. observations on their duty in giving information to the public, vi. 14.

Minority, Observations on the Conduct of the, in Parliament, in the Session of 1792, v. 1. power of a restless one, v. 285.

Mistletoe, veneration of the Druids for it, vii. 183.

Modes of life, injustice of sudden legislative violence to suc as the laws had previously encouraged, iii. 439.

Modesty, heightens all other virtues, i. 188; v. 128. but sometimes their worst enemy, v. 129.

Mogul, the Great, his grants to the East India Company, ii. 560; ix. 345. sold by the Company, ii. 448. the Company's treaties with him broken by them, ii. 452. conspiracy to murder his son, ix. 412.

Mohun, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 32.

Mona, the principal residence of the Druids in the beginning of Nero's reign, vii. 195. reduced by Suetonius Paulinus, vii. 196.

Monarchy, preferred by Bolingbroke to other governments, iii. 398. one of its advantages, to have no local seat, iv. 431.

Monastic institutions, their important uses, iii. 440; vii. 244, 245.

Money, the value of it how to be judged, v. 454.

Moneyed companies, dangerous to tax great ones, i. 368.

Moneyed interest, when dangerous to a government, iii. 437.

Moneyed men, ought to be allowed to set a value on their money, v. 455.

Monk, General, character of the army commanded by him, iv. 36.

Monopoly of authority, an evil; of capital, a benefit, v. 151.

Montesquieu, his remark on the legislators of antiquity, iii. 477. character of him, iv. 211. his false view of the people of India, xi. 207.

Moral duties, not necessary that the reasons of them should be made clear to all, i. 7.

Moral order of things, great disasters in it affect the mind like miracles in the physical, iii. 337.

Moral questions never abstract ones, vii. 55.

Moral reasoning, compared with mathematical and metaphysical, vii. 73.

Mortality, a general one always a time of remarkable wickedness, vii. 84.

Multitudes, the shouting of, a source of the sublime, i. 159. a multitude told by the head, not the people, iv. 183.

Munny Begum, (of Bengal,) her history, x. 195; xii. 226. appointed by Mr. Hastings regent of Bengal, and guardian of the Nabob, x. 196; xii. 218. (of Oude,) her noble birth, rank, and connections, xii. 46.

Music, remark concerning the beautiful in it, i. 204.

Mystery, in any matter of policy, affords presumption of fraud, xii. 79.

Nabob of Arcot, the Subah of the Deccan sold to him by the East India Company, ii. 450. nature of his debts, iii. 25, 28, 29, 35, 39, 47.

Nabob of Oude, conduct of the East India Company towards him, ii. 466.

Nantes, Edict of, reason assigned by Louis XIV. for the revocation of it, vi. 328. observations thereon, vi. 328.

Naples, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 337.

Nation, Present State of the, Observations on a late Publication so intituled, i. 269. character of this publication, i. 274. state of the nation in 1770, i. 437. speculation of the ministry on the cause of it, i. 438. animadversions on their views, i. 439.

National Assembly of France, corresponds with the Revolution Society of London, iii. 237. its composition and character, iii. 283, 450. studies recommended by it to the youth of France, iv. 25. its worship of Rousseau, iv. 25.

Natural powers in man, the senses, the imagination, and the judgment, i. 82.

Nature, state of, inconveniences of it, i. 10. the social, impels a man to propagate his principles, v. 361.

Navigation, Act of, its policy, i. 378; ii. 30, 38.

Navy, the great danger of economical experiments upon it, i. 345.

Necessity, the plea of, remarks on it, v. 450.

Negro Code, Sketch of a, vi. 262.

Negro slaves, denunciation of attempts to excite insurrections among them in the colonies by proclamations of the English governors, vi. 171.

Neighborhood, the law of, what, v. 321.

Newfoundland, view of the trade with it, i. 320.

Newspapers, powerful influence of them in the diffusion of French principles, iv. 327.

Night, a cause of the sublime, i. 132, 158.

Norman conquest, extraordinary facility of it, vii. 287. attempt to account for it, vii. 288. the great era of the English laws, vii. 487.

Normandy, reunion of it to the crown of France, vii. 445.

North, Lord, observations on his character, v. 182; vi. 216, 223.

Novelty, the first and simplest source of pleasure to the mind, i. 101. the danger of indulging a desire for it in practical cases, iv. 76.

Nundcomar, accuses Mr. Hastings of corruption, x. 24.

Nuzzer, or Nuzzerana, what, x. 171.

Oak, the, why venerated by the Druids, vii. 183.

Oath, the Coronation, observations upon it in reference to the Roman Catholics, iv. 260.

Obscurity, generally necessary to the terrible, i. 132. why more affecting than clearness, i. 135.

Obstinacy, though a great and very mischievous vice, closely allied to the masculine virtues, ii. 66.

Office, men too much conversant in it rarely have enlarged minds, ii. 38. in feudal times, the lowest offices often held by considerable persons, ii. 303. the reason of this, ii. 304.

Officers, military and naval, nature of the fortitude required of them, v. 468.

Opinion, popular, the support of government, ii. 224; vi. 165; vii. 91. an equivocal test of merit, v. 183. the generality of it not always to be judged of by the noise of the acclamation, v. 286.

Opinions, men impelled to propagate their own by their social nature, v. 361. their influence on the affections and passions, v. 403; vii. 44. the most decided often stated in the form of questions, vi. 28. the interest and duty of government to attend much to them, vii. 44.

Oppression, the poorest and most illiterate are judges of it, iv. 281.

Orange, Prince of, (afterwards William III.,) extracts from his Declaration, iv. 147.

Ordeal, purgation by, vii. 314.

Oude, extent and government of, under Sujah ul Dowlah, xi. 373.

Pain, pleasure, and indifference, their mutual relation as states of the mind, i. 103. nature and cause of pain, i. 210. how a cause of delight, i. 215.

Paine, Thomas, remarks on his character, v. iii; vi. 60.

Painting and poetry, their power, when due to imitation, and when to sympathy, i. 123.

Pandulph, the Pope's legate, his politic dealing with King John, vii. 451. parallel between his conduct to King John and that of the Roman consuls to the Carthaginians in the last Punic war, vii. 453.

Papal power, uniform steadiness of it in the pursuit of its ambitious projects, vii. 449.

Papal pretensions, sources of their growth and support, vii. 384.

Papal States, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 337.

Parliament, remarks on it, i. 491. the power of dissolving it, the most critical and delicate of all the trusts vested in the crown, ii. 553. disadvantages of triennial parliaments, vii. 79.

Parliaments of France, character of them, iii. 505.

Parliament of Paris, observations on its subversion, xii. 396.

Parliamentary disorders, ideas for the cure of them, i. 516.

Parsimony, a leaning towards it in war may be the worst management, i. 310.

Party divisions, inseparable from free government, i. 271. definition of the term, party, i. 530. evils of party domination, vi. 390.

Passions, all concern either self-preservation or society, i. 110. final cause of the difference between those belonging to self-preservation and those which regard the society of the sexes, i. 113. those which belong to self-preservation turn upon pain and danger, i. 125. nature and objects of those belonging to society, i. 125. a control over them necessary to the existence of society, iv. 52. strong ones awaken the faculties, v. 287. vehement passion not always indicative of an infirm judgment, v. 407. mere general truths interfere very little with them, vi. 326. passions which interest men in the characters of others, vii. 148.

Pasturage and hunting, weaken men's ties to any particular habitation, vii. 171.

Paulus, observation of his on law, vi. 324.

Peace, requisites of a good one, i. 295. the steps taken to bring one about always an augury of what it is likely to be, v. 251. a ground of peace never laid until it is as good as concluded, v. 260. an arrangement of peace in its nature a permanent settlement, v. 349.

Penal statute of William III. against the Papists, repeal of it, ii. 391.

People, accurate idea of the term, iv. 169. evils of an abuse of it, iv. 411. the temper of the people the first study of a statesman, i. 436. in seasons of popular discontent, something generally amiss in the government, i. 440. the people have no interest in disorder, i. 441. generally fifty years behindhand in their politics, i. 442. a connection with their interests a necessary qualification of a minister, i. 474. sense of the people, how to be ascertained by the king, i. 475. should show themselves able to protect every representative in the performance of his duty, i. 503. liberty cannot long exist where they are generally corrupt, ii. 242. the people of England love a mitigated monarchy more than even the best republic, iv. 149. danger of teaching them to think lightly of their engagements to their governors, iv. 162. the natural control on authority, iv. 164. dangerous nature of a power capable of resisting even their erroneous choice of an object, vi. 296. points on which they are incompetent to give advice to their representatives, vii. 74, 75.

Perfection not the cause of beauty, i. 187.

Persecution, religious, an observation of Mr. Bayle concerning it, vi. 333. general observations on it, vi. 394.

Persecutor, a violent one, frequently an unbeliever in his own creed, vi. 86.

Peshcush, what, x. 171.

Peters, Hugh, remarks on a passage in a sermon of his, iii. 318.

Petition of Right, rests the franchises of the subject not on abstract right, but on inheritance, iii. 273.

Philosophical inquiries, how to be conducted, i. 70. use of them, i. 72.

Philosophy, Lord Bolingbroke's, animadversions on it, i. 4.

Physic, the profession of it, in ancient times, annexed to the priesthood, vii. 183.

Physiognomy, has a considerable share in the beauty of the human species, i. 198.

Pilgrimages of the Middle Ages, benefits of them, vii. 247.

Pitt, Mr., remarks on his conduct in 1784, v. 57. his Declaration on the war with the French Republic, v. 278; vi. 21. eulogy of it, v. 279, 390; vi. 22. and of his speech on that war, v. 390.

Place Bill, proposed remedy for parliamentary disorders, i. 518.

Plagues, in Athens and in London, wickedness remarkably prevalent during their continuance, vii. 84.

Pleasure and pain, observations on them, i. 102. pleasure, pain, and indifference, their mutual relation, as states of the mind, i. 103.

Poetry, more powerful than painting in moving the passions, i. 134. does not depend for its effect on raising ideas or sensible images of things, i. 246, 255. this exemplified, i. 252. affects rather by sympathy than imitation, i. 257. dramatic poetry strictly imitation, i. 257. descriptive poetry operates chiefly by substitution, i. 257.

Poland, character of the revolution there, iv. 195. contrasted with the revolution in France, iv. 198.

Policy, a refined one, the parent of confusion, ii. 106. inseparable from justice, iii. 438.

Political connection, how regarded by the ancient Romans, i. 528. England governed by one in the reign of Queen Anne, i. 529. general observations on, i. 530.

Political economy, had its origin in England, v. 192.

Political system, an unwise or mischievous one not necessarily of short duration, iv. 353.

Politician, duties of one, iii. 557, 559.

Politics, ought to be adjusted to, human nature, i. 398. different in different ages, i. 442. unsuitable to the pulpit, iii. 246.

Polybius, anecdote concerning him, iv. 285.

Poor, the laboring, their poverty owing to their numbers, v. 134. proper compassion for them, v. 135, 466.

Poorunder, treaty of, broken by Mr. Hastings, xii. 382.

Pope, the, his dispute with Henry I., vii. 384. his pretext for giving Henry II. a commission to conquer Ireland, vii. 413. his excommunication of King John, vii. 449. treatment of him by the French Revolutionists, v. 418.

Popery Laws, Tract on the, vi. 299.

Popular election, a mighty evil, vii. 72.

Popular opinion, an equivocal test of merit, v. 183.

Population, rapid increase of it in America, ii. 110. state of it, a standard by which, to estimate the effects of a government on any country, iii. 400. view of that of France, at different periods, iii. 400. comparative effects of peace and war on it, as regards the higher classes, v. 472.

Power, all sublimity some modification of it, i. 138. incompatible with credit, i. 368. the civil power, when it calls in the aid of the military, perishes by the assistance it receives, i. 484. arbitrary power steals upon a people by being rarely exercised, ii. 201. persons possessed of power ought to have a strong sense of religion, iii. 354. the ability to use it for the great and lasting benefit of a country a test of statesmanship, iii. 441. not willingly abandoned by its possessors, iv. 11. dissensions in the commonwealth mostly concerning the hands in which it is to be placed, iv. 163. necessity of teaching men to restrain the immoderate exercise and inordinate desire of it, iv. 163. active power never willingly placed by legislators in the hands of the multitude, iv. 164. danger of a resumption of delegated power by the people, iv. 168. does not always accompany property, iv. 349. the possession of it discovers a man's true character, v. 362. men will incur the greatest risks for the sake of it, vii. 82. originates from God alone, ix. 456. the supreme power in every constitution must be absolute, ix. 460. ends to which a superintending, controlling power ought to be directed, xi. 417.

Prejudice, cannot be created, vi. 368.

Prerogative, remarks on the exercise of it, ii. 225.

Presbyterianism, remarks on it, iv. 452.

Prescription, part of the law of Nature, iii. 433. the most solid of all titles, and the most recognized in jurisprudence, vi. 412; vii. 94.

Present State of Affairs, Heads for Consideration on the, iv. 379.

Price, Dr. Richard, observations on his sermon on the Love of our Country, iii. 244, 301, 304, 316.

Price of commodities, how raised, v. 142. danger of attempting to raise it by authority, v. 143.

Primogeniture, right of, operation of the Popery Laws in taking it away, vi. 302.

Principal of a debt, cannot distress a nation, i. 329.

Principalities, the, proposal to unite them to the crown, ii. 298.

Privations, all general ones great, i. 146.

Profit, an honorable and fair one, the best security against avarice and rapacity, ii. 335.

Projects, new, requirements of men of sense with respect to them, i. 367.

Property, ought greatly to predominate over ability in the representation, iii. 298. importance of the power of perpetuating it in families, iii. 298. not always accompanied with power, iv. 349.

Proportion, what, i. 166. not the cause of beauty in vegetables, i. 166. nor in animals, i. 170. nor in the human species, i. 172. whence the idea of proportion, as the principal component of beauty, arose, i. 178.

Prosperity, discovers the real character of a man, iv. 22. a prejudice in favor of it, however obtained, iv. 425.

Protestant, the state so declared at the Revolution, with a qualification, iv. 257.

Protestant ascendency, observations on, vi. 391.

Protestant Association, the, animadversions on it, ii. 389, 415.

Protestantism, at no period established, undefined, in England, iv. 258.

Protestants, errors of the early, ii. 390. misconduct of those in the South of France at the Revolution, iv. 452.

Provisions, trade of, danger of tampering with it, v. 133.

Prudence, the first in rank of the political and moral virtues, iv. 81. its decisions differ from those of judicature, iv. 251. its rules and definitions rarely exact, never universal, v. 241.

Psalms, and Prophets, crowded with instances of the introduction of the terrible in Nature to heighten the awe of the Divine presence, i. 144.

Public affairs, state of them previous to the formation of the Rockingham administration, i. 381.

Public men, not all equally corrupt, ii. 240.

Public service, means of rewarding it necessary in every state, ii. 330.

Punishment, considerations necessary to be observed in inflicting it, iv. 466; vi. 245. under the Saxon laws, extremely moderate, vii. 321.

Purveyance and receipt in kind, what, ii. 306. taken away by the 12th Charles II., ii. 306. revived the next year, ii. 306.

Pythagoras, his discipline contrasted with that of Socrates, vii. 179. why silence enjoined by him, vii. 179.

Raimond, Count of Toulouse, engages in the Crusade, vii. 372.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, abusive epithet applied to him by Lord Coke, xi. 175.

Reason, sound, no real virtue without it, iv. 24. never inconvenient but when it comes to be applied, vi. 326.

Reasoners, men generally the worse reasoners for having been ministers, i. 338.

Reformation, in government, should be early and temperate, ii. 280. and slow, iii. 456. different from change, v. 186. general observations on it, iii. 455; iv. 111; vi. 294; vii. 71. in England, has always proceeded upon the principle of reference to antiquity, iii. 272.

Reformation, the, observations on it, ii. 389. effects of it, iv. 319.

Reformers, English, character of them, iii. 430.

Regicide by establishment, what, v. 309.

Regicide Peace, Letters on, v. 233, 342, 384; vi. 9.

Religion, writers against it never set up any of their own, i. 7. effects of it on the colonists of America, ii. 122. the basis of civil society, and the source of all good and of all comfort, iii. 350. the respect entertained for it in England, iii. 352. a strong sense of it necessary to those in power, iii. 354. mischievous consequences of changing it, except under strong conviction, iv. 453. the magistrate has a right to direct the exterior ceremonies of it, vii. 30. the Christian, in its rise overcame all opposition, vii. 25.

Religious opinions, not the only cause of enthusiasm, v. 361.

Repetition, of the same story, effect of it, iv. 328.

Report on the Affairs of India, Ninth, viii. 1. Eleventh, viii. 217. on the Lords' Journals, xi. 1. Vindication of, this Report from the Animadversions of Lord Thurlow, xi. 149.

Representation, ought to include both the ability and the property of a state, iii. 297. virtual, what, iv. 293. natural, what, v. 284. of America in the British Parliament, project of, i. 372. consideration of its difficulties, i. 373. of England, and that of France in the National Assembly, compared, iii. 481.

Representation to his Majesty on the Speech from the Throne, ii. 537.

Representative, his duty to his constituents, ii. 95, 281, 357.

Republican government, remarks on, iv. 109.

Reputation, public, how to be secured, ix. 341.

Resemblance, pleasing to the imagination, i. 87.

Responsibility of ministers of state, nature of it, iii. 501; v. 507.

Revenge, observations on, xi. 179.

Revenue, great importance of it to a state, iii. 534. its administration the sphere of every active virtue, iii. 535.

Revolution of 1688, diminished influence of the crown at that time how compensated, i. 445. principles of it contained in the Declaration of Right, iii. 252. the subversion of the old, and the settlement of the new government, inseparably combined in it, iv. 80. grounds of it, iv. 121. contrasted with the French Revolution, iii. 225.

Revolution in France, Reflections on the, iii. 231. general observations on it, iii. 220. characterized as a revolution of doctrine and theoretic dogma, iv. 319. contrasted with the English Revolution of 1688, iii. 225.

Revolution Society, correspond with the National Assembly of France, iii. 238. remarks on its principles and proceedings, iii. 238.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, on idiosyncrasy in taste and judgment, iv. 212.

Rich, need the consolations of religion, iii. 366. trustees for those who labor, v. 134.

Richard I., brief account of his reign, vii. 425. parallel between him and Charles XII. of Sweden, vii. 436.

Richelieu, Cardinal, hated by Louis XIII., iii. 499.

Rights, assumed, their consequences of great moment in deciding on their validity, iv. 183.

Rights of Men, Jacobinical theory of, animadversions on it, iii. 307. sophistically confounded with their power, iii. 313.

Robespierre, his character, vi. 62.

Rochford, Lord, his remonstrance with regard to Corsica, i. 480.

Rockingham, Marquis of, Short Account of his Administration, i. 263. formation of his administration, i. 379. state of public affairs at the time, i. 381. character and conduct of it, i. 388. ideas of it with regard to America, i. 403. his Lordship's conduct in American affairs, ii. 40.

Rohilla nation, sale of it by the East India Company, ii. 449.

Roland, character of him, v. 70.

Roman Catholics, Mr. Burke's defence of his Parliamentary conduct with regard to them, ii. 388. Letter on the Penal Laws against, iv. 217. mode of education necessary for their clergy, iv. 229, 231. condition of their clergy before the restraint on marriage, iv. 230. mischievous consequences of placing the appointment of the Irish Roman Catholic clergy in the hands of the Lord Lieutenant, iv. 234.

Roman politics, under the Empire, different from those which actuated the Republic, vii. 203. dominion over the Britons and other conquered nations, methods by which it was preserved, vii. 205. procurators under the Emperors, why invested with greater powers than the legates, vii. 208. military ways, character and purpose of them, vii. 211. number and extent of the principal ones in Britain, vii. 211. revenues, nature of them, vii. 211. three great changes in the government after the dissolution of the Commonwealth, vii. 220.

Rome, ancient, destroyed by the disorders of continual elections, vii. 80. and by its heavy taxes, vii. 213. bounds of the empire first contracted by Adrian, vii. 214.

Rome, modern, its example a caution not to attempt to feed the people by the hands of the magistrates, v. 155.

Rota, in the French National Assembly, effect of it, iv. 350.

Rotund, noble effect of it, i. 150. accounted for, i. 150.

Rousseau, the secret of his principles of composition, iii. 459. a resemblance to him an object of rivalry to the leaders of the National Assembly, iv. 25. vanity his ruling passion, iv. 26. brief character of him, iv. 27. totally destitute of taste, iv. 30. morality of the passions in his Nouvelle Eloise, iv. 31. character of his style, iv. 32.

Russell, Baron, the first, his character, v. 201.

Russia, the Emperor of, the true policy of his government, v. 422.

Russian treaty of commerce, i. 410.

Sacheverell, Dr., his impeachment carried on for the purpose of stating the grounds and principles of the Revolution, iv. 119. extracts from speeches of Managers at his trial, iv. 122-146. proceedings in his trial, xi. 16.

Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, reduces Palestine, vii. 427. defeated by Richard I., vii. 429.

Salaries, objections to a tax upon them, ii. 283.

Sallust, remarks on his finely contrasted characters of Caesar and Cato, i. 189.

Salt, monopoly of, by the French government, i. 332.

Santerre, his brutal conduct to Louis XVI., vi. 101.

Saracens, their fierce irruptions and conquests, vii. 328.

Savile, Sir George, his bill for the repeal of the statute of William III. against Papists, ii. 396. his character, ii. 397.

Saxons, a brief account of their laws and institutions, vii. 291. under their rule, the succession to the crown in England partly hereditary and partly elective, vii. 297. their laws wholly abolished in England since the Conquest, vii. 478. sources of them, vii. 487.

Scarcity, Thoughts and Details on, v. 131. proper policy in respect to the poor, in times of, v. 156.

Scotland, beneficial effects on trade of its union with England, ii. 254. its Church establishment under the Union, iv. 258.

Scripture, indefinite nature of subscription to it, vii. 18.

Scythians, all Northern Europe originally inhabited by them, vii. 160.

Selden, his statement of the Parliamentary practice in the examination of witnesses, xi. 108.

Self-preservation, the passions which concern it the strongest ones, i. 110. the sublime an idea belonging to it, i. 164.

Senses, general remarks on them, i. 82. ought to be put under the tuition of the judgment, iii. 15.

Serpent, why an object of idolatry, vii. 184.

Shakspeare, his description of the king's army in Henry IV. an example of the sublime, i. 155.

Shelburne, Lord, animadversions on a passage in a speech of his, ii. 544.

Silence, why enjoined by Pythagoras and the Druids, vii. 178.

Sirach, Son of, fine example of the sublime from his Book of Wisdom, i. 155.

Slaves, never so beneficial to their masters as freemen, v. 147.

Smells, a source of the sublime, i. 162.

Smith, Sir Sydney, Captain, observations on his case, v. 400.

Smoothness, why beautiful, i. 234.

Social nature, the, impels a man to propagate his principles, v. 361.

Society, Natural, A Vindication of, i. 1. definition of the term, i. 11. notion of, how first introduced, i. 11. political society, its nature and origin, i. 11; iii. 359; iv. 165. its continuance under a permanent covenant, iii. 359; iv. 165. the great purpose of it, what, vi. 333. society and solitude compared, as sources of pleasure or pain, i. 115.

Socrates, his discipline contrasted with that of Pythagoras, vii. 179.

Solitude, something may be done in it for society, v. 125.

Somers, Lord, the Declaration of Right drawn by him, iii. 254.

Sophia, the Princess, why named in the Act of Settlement as the root of inheritance to the kings of England, iii. 262.

Sophia, St., Church of, anecdote of the Greeks assembled there, at the taking of Constantinople, vi. 96.

Sound, a source of the sublime, i. 159. grand effect of a single one of some strength repeated after intervals, i. 160. a low, tremulous, intermitting one productive of the sublime, i. 160. the beautiful in sounds, i. 203.

Spain, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 339. not a substantive power, iv. 385.

Speech of Mr. Burke on American Taxation, ii. 1. at his Arrival at Bristol, ii. 85. at the Conclusion of the Poll, ii. 89. on Conciliation with America, ii. 99. on Economical Reform, ii. 265. previous to the Election in 1780, ii. 365. on Declining the Poll, ii. 425. on Mr. Fox's East India Bill, ii. 431. on the Nabob of Arcot's Debts, iii. 1. on the Army Estimates, iii. 211. on the Acts of Uniformity, vii. 3. on the Relief of Protestant Dissenters, vii. 21. on the Petition of the Unitarians, vii. 39. on the Middlesex Election, vii. 59. on Shortening the Duration of Parliaments, vii. 69. on Reform of the Representation of the Commons in Parliament, vii. 89. on the Powers of Juries in Prosecutions for Libels, vii. 105. on the Repeal of the Marriage Act, vii. 129. on Dormant Claims of the Church, vii. 137. in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, ix. 327-x. 145; x. 147-451; xi. 155-xii. 393.

Spelman, Sir Henry, his difficulties in the study of the law, vii. 477.

Spirituous liquors, beneficial effects of them, v. 164.

Spon, M., his curious story of Campanella, i. 212.

Spring, why the pleasantest of the seasons, i. 153.

Stability, one of the requisites of a good peace, i. 295.

Stafford, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 31. remarks on the prosecution, xi. 112.

Stamp Act, American, its origin, i. 385. repeal of it, i. 389; ii. 47. motives for the repeal, i. 391, 399. good effects of the repeal, i. 401; ii. 59.

Stanhope, General, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 127.

Starry heaven, why productive of the idea of grandeur, i. 154.

State, the, meaning of the term, iv, 248. consideration of its fitness for an oligarchical form, connected with the question of vesting it solely in some one description of citizens, iv. 251. not subject to laws analogous to those of physical life, v. 124, 234. the internal causes affecting the fortunes of states uncertain and obscure, v. 235. great irregularities in their rise, culmination, and decline, v. 235. in a conflict between equally powerful states, an infinite advantage afforded by unyielding determination, v. 243.

Statesmen, duties of, i. 436; v. 167. standard of one, iii. 440. difference between them and professors in universities, vii. 41.

Stephen, brief account of his reign, vii. 386.

Stonehenge, wherein an object of admiration, i. 153; vii. 179.

Stones, rude ones, why objects of veneration, vii. 185.

Strafford, Earl of, proceedings in his trial, xi. 14. 113.

Sublime, sources of it, i. 110. the strongest emotion of the mind, i. 110. in all things abhors mediocrity, i. 157.

Sublime and Beautiful, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the, i. 67. stand on very different foundations, i. 192. comparison between them, i. 205. on the efficient cause of them, i. 208.

Succession, hereditary, the principle of it recognized at the Revolution, iii. 252.

Succession, in visual objects, effects of it explained, i. 222.

Suddenness, a source of the sublime, i. 160.

Suffering, the force to endure, needful to those who aspire to act greatly, v. 250.

Sujah ul Dowlah, his character, xi. 373.

Sully, M. de, an observation of his on revolutions in great states, i. 441.

Superstition, nature of it, iii. 442.

Surplus produce, nature and application of it, iii. 444.

Sweetness, its nature, i. 235. relaxing, i. 237.

Swift, Dr., a saying of his concerning public benefactors, ii. 472.

Sympathy, observations on it, i. 177; v. 398.

Taille, nature of, i. 330, 333.

Talents, eminent, obscure and vulgar vices sometimes blended with, iv. 26.

Tallien, the regicide, his sanguinary brutality, vi. 102.

Tamerlane, his conquests in Hindostan, ix. 388. remarks on his Institutes, ix. 467; xi. 214.

Tanistry, what, vii. 297.

Taste, discourse concerning it, i. 79. definition of it, i. 81. want of it, whence, i. 95. a wrong or bad one, what, i. 95. a good one, i. 96. of no mean importance in the regulation of life, iv. 30.

Taxes, mode of levying them in commercial colonies an important and difficult consideration, i. 354. nature of several in America, i. 355. colonial, Lord North's project of a ransom of them by auction, ii. 171. the great contests for freedom in England chiefly upon the question of taxing, ii. 120. taxes on different establishments, remarks concerning them, i. 368. upon salaries, ii. 283. details of English taxes, v. 476.

Terror, sometimes a source of delight, i. 119. how, i. 214. an effect of the sublime, i. 130. its physical effects, i. 211.

Test Act, observations on it, iv. 264.

Thanes, brief account of them, vii. 300.

Theatre, general observations on the, iii. 338. prosperous condition of it in England, v. 485. made an affair of state in the French Republic, vi. 104.

Theodorus, Archbishop of Canterbury, brief account of him, vii. 249. his services to the cause of letters in England, vii. 249.

Three Seals, the history of the affair so called, ix. 408.

Time blends the conquered with the conquerors, iv. 272.

Toleration, true, exemplified, iii. 431. ought to be tender and large, iv. 258. favorable to, and a part of Christianity, vii. 25. not a virtue of the ancient heathens, vii. 31.

Toulon, fleet of, injudicious measures of the English government with regard to it, iv. 445.

Townshend, Charles, character of him, ii. 64.

Trade, sometimes seems to perish when it only assumes a different form, i. 313. quickly and deeply affected by taxes, i. 391. tests of the state of it, what, v. 493. Board of, its character and history, ii. 340.

Tragedy, observations on the effects of, i. 120. its subjects and passions, vii. 150. great personages everywhere made the objects of it, xi. 308.

Transmigration of souls, origin of the doctrine, vii. 181.

Treasurer's staff, Lord Coke's account of the purpose of it, ii. 354.

Trent, Council of, its wise introduction of the discipline of seminaries for priests, iv. 231.

Triangle, the poorest of all figures in its effect, i. 152.

Triennial Parliaments, evils of them, vii. 79.

Trinoda necessitas, in Saxon law, what, vii. 325.

Turkey, power sought there with avidity, notwithstanding the danger and insecurity of its tenure, vii. 82.

Tyranny, aggravated by contumely, ii. 484. the desire and design of it often lurk in the claim of an extravagant liberty, iv. 115. never learns moderation from the ill success of first oppressions, x. 83.

Ugliness, the opposite to beauty, but not to proportion and fitness, i. 199. consistent with the sublime, i. 199.

Uniformity and succession of parts constitute the artificial infinite, i. 149.

Universal, nothing of this nature can be rationally affirmed or any moral or political subject, iv. 80.

Use, to be carefully attended to in most works of art, i. 154. use and habit not causes of pleasure, i. 180.

Vanity, nature and tendency of, iv. 26.

Variation, beautiful, why, i. 239.

Vastness, a cause of the sublime, i. 147. unity why necessary to it, i. 219.

Vattel, extracts from his Law of Nations, iv. 471.

Venice, its restrictions with respect to offices of state, iv. 249. origin of the republic, vii. 331. acquires the island of Cyprus, vii. 428. the only state in Europe which benefited by the Crusades, vii. 428.

Verbal description, a means of raising a stronger emotion than painting, i. 133.

Vice, the instances rare of an immediate transition to it from virtue, i. 421.

Vices, obscure and vulgar ones sometimes blended with eminent talents, iv. 26. in common society receive palliating names, xi. 177.

Vicinity, civil, law of, what, v. 322.

Virgil, his figure of Fame obscure, yet magnificent, i. 138. remarks on his combination of images at the mouth of hell, i. 146. an example from him of the sublime effect of an uncertain light, i. 161. and of the cries of animals, i. 162. and of powerful smells, i. 163. his picture of the murder of Priam, i. 259. of the Harpies, v. 187

Virtue, how far the idea of beauty may be applied to it, i. 190. description of the gradual extinguishment of it in public men, i. 421. will catch, as well as vice by contact, ii. 242. virtues which cause admiration, i. 188. virtues which engage the heart, i. 188.

Visual objects of great dimensions, why sublime, i. 217. effects of succession in them explained, i. 222.

Voters, more in the spirit of the English constitution to lessen than to enlarge their number, i. 370.

Wages, the rate of them has no direct relation, to the price of provisions, v. 136.

Wales, misgovernment of, by England, for two hundred years, ii. 148. alteration of the system in the reign of Henry VIII., ii. 150.

Wales, Frederick, Prince of, project of government devised in his court, i. 447. means adopted for its introduction and recommendation to popular favor, i. 451, 453. nature of the party formed for its support, i. 459. name of this party, i. 466. and of the new system, i. 466.

Walpole, Mr., (afterwards Sir Robert,) his character, iv. 128. extract from his speech in the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 129. forced into the war with Spain by popular clamor, v. 288. fault in his general proceeding, v. 289.

War, its original may be very far from being its principal purpose, i. 298. not easily reconciled with economy, i. 310. the ground of a political war, laborers and manufacturers not capable of conceiving, v. 38. of England with the French Republic, a war with an armed doctrine, v. 250. can never be carried on long against the will of the people, v. 283. general observations on, v. 318. the power of making it, why put under the discretion of the crown, v. 335. principle of the law of nations with regard to it, vi. 349.

Warwick, Earl of, proceedings in his trial, xi. 32.

Water, why venerated by the Druids, vii. 182.

Weakness, human, in adversity, never pitied by those who applaud prosperous folly and guilt, iv. 183.

Wealth, internal, consists in useful commodities as much as in gold and silver, i. 321. of a country, a standard by which to estimate the character of the government, iii. 402. can never rank first in England, iv. 327. ought always to be the servant of virtue and public honor, v. 242. remark of a foreigner on the display of it in the shops in London, v. 496.

Whigs, the great connection of, in the reign of Queen Anne, i. 529. the impeachment of Dr. Sacheverell, for what purpose carried on by them, iv. 119. statement of the principles of the new Whigs, iv. 120, 151. opinion of the new, with respect to the power of the people over the commonwealth, iv. 161. Appeal from the New to the Old, iv. 57.

Wilkes, Mr., his contest with the court party, i. 497. pretence for punishing him, i. 500.

Will and duty contradictory terms, iv. 165. duty not subject to will, iv. 165.

William of Normandy, the extraordinary facility of his conquest of England explained, vii. 288. his numerous followers accounted for, vii. 333. brief account of his reign, vii. 335. view of his revenue, vii. 346. his character, vii. 362.

William Rufus, brief account of his reign, vii. 364.

William III., his elevation to the throne an act not of choice, but of necessity, iii. 254. his judicious appointments to the vacant bishoprics, iv. 14. the spirited address of the Commons to him respecting the war with France, v. 296. the Grand Alliance against France his masterpiece, v. 297. his indomitable perseverance in pressing this measure, v. 299. address of the House of Lords respecting it, v. 300.

Wintoun, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 22.

Wisdom of the Son of Sirach, example of the sublime from that book, i. 155.

Wishes, vehement, the discovery of them generally frustrates their attainment, v. 252.

Wit and judgement, difference between them, i. 87.

Words, the proper medium for conveying the affections of the mind, i. 133. affect us in a manner very different from natural objects, painting, or architecture, i. 246. three sorts of them, i. 247. general words before ideas, i. 249. effect of them, i. 250. may affect without raising images, i. 252. this exemplified in the case of the poet Blacklock, i. 252. and of Saunderson, the mathematician, i. 253. how words influence the passions, i. 258. the only means by which many ideas have ever been at all presented to the senses, i. 259. the source of a great part of the mischiefs that vex the world, vi. 397. the world much influenced by them, xi. 172.

Writers, when they act in a body and with one direction, have great influence on the public mind, iii. 380

THE END