Part 30

Xenophon, 51, 85, 87, 105, 153, 181, 209, 229, 459

Xerxes, 63, 173, 213, 461

Zamolxis, 175, 353, 393

Zeller, 200

Zeno, 25, 63, 177, 325, 351

Zeus, 17, 41, 43, 83, 93, 105, 109, 111, 113, 115, 135, 137, 141, 145, 149, 197, 283, 305, 307, 351, 367, 369, 395, 409, 411, 413, 445, 467, 475, (Kasios) 487, 499

Zonaras, 425

Zosimus, 241

FOOTNOTES

1 Cf. Bernays, _Lukian und die Kyniker_, Berlin, 1879.

2 224 C.

3 Aristides, _Orations_ 402 D.

4 The precise meaning of the phrase is uncertain; it has been suggested that it arose from the custom of altering or “countermarking” coins so as to adapt them for the regular currency; see 192 C, _Oration_ 7. 208 D.

5 ἱκανὰς Naber adds.

6 φαμεν Hertlein suggests, φασι MSS.

7 A proverb signifying that all is topsy‐turvy: cf. Euripides, _Medea_ 413 ἄνω ποταμῶν ἱερῶν χωροῦσι παγαί.

8 Of Sinope: he was the pupil of Antisthenes and is said to have lived in a jar in the Metroum, the temple of the Mother of the Gods at Athens; he died 323 B.C.

9 For the tradition that Diogenes died of eating a raw octopus cf. Lucian, _Sale of Creeds_ 10.

10 A pupil of Socrates and founder of the Cynic sect.

11 A proverb, but Julian may allude to _Matthew_ 6. 28.

12 Herodotus 6.129; Hippocleides, when told by Cleisthenes that by his unbecoming method of dancing he had “danced away his marriage,” made this answer which became a proverb.

13 καταπεμφθεῖσα Reiske would add.

14 τῆς ζωῆς Wright σώματος Hertlein, MSS. Petavius suspects corruption.

15 θεῷ Klimek, θεῶν Hertlein, MSS.

16 An echo of Plato, _Philebus_ 16 C; cf. Themistius 338 C.

17 _e.g._ eloquence, commerce, and social intercourse.

18 ταῦτα Hertlein suggests, τὰ MSS.

19 προσήκειν—ἄνθρωπον, Hertlein suggests, cf. Maximus of Tyre 4. 7; ἔφη τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ ζῷον εἶναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον MSS.

20 Cf. 188 B; Juvenal, _Satires_ 11. 27; E caelo descendit γνῶθι σεαυτόν.

21 _Odyssey_ 4. 379.

22 _Iliad_ 13. 355.

23 Nestor; _Odyssey_ 3. 174.

24 Heracleitus _fr._ 80.

25 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 143 A.

26 οὐδ᾽ ὁ Hertlein suggests, οὐδὲ MSS.

27 ἔτι Hertlein suggests, ἤδη Reiske, ἐστὶν MSS.

28 Zeno of Citium in Cyprus, the founder of the Stoic school.

29 Julian seems to mean that Zeno and the Stoics could not accept without modification the manner of life advocated by the Cynic Crates.

30 δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS.

31 ἀπεληλακόσι Naber, ἀπεληλάκασι Hertlein, MSS.

32 παρίασιν Cobet, παριᾶσιν Hertlein, MSS.

33 οἳ διχάδε Hertlein suggests, cf. _Symposium_ 215, οἱ δὲ MSS.

34 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 159 B.

35 Cf. _Oration_ 7. 210 D, 212 A.

36 Plato, _Symposium_ 215.

37 Before αἴτιος Cobet omits τις.

38 Before κατέλιπεν Cobet omits οὗτος.

39 οὕτω φιλοσοφῆσαι Reiske suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

40 μόνον Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον MSS.

41 Of Gadara, a Cynic philosopher whose date is probably the second century A.D.; cf. 199 A, 209 B, 210 D, 212 A.

42 Lucian, _Sale of Creeds_ 8, makes Diogenes say that he had modelled himself on Heracles.

43 Heracleitus _fr._ 16, Bywater.

44 Cf. _Oration_ 7. 208 D, 211 B, 211 C.

45 Apollo.

46 Of Thebes, the Cynic philosopher, a pupil of Diogenes; he lived in the latter half of the fourth century B.C.

47 Plato, _Laws_ 730 B.

48 _Alcibiades_ i. 129 A.

49 _Crito_ 44 C.

50 _Epistle_ 2. 314 C; Julian quotes from memory and slightly alters the original; Plato meant that in his dialogues he had suppressed his own personality in favour of Socrates.

51 τῇ καθαρᾷ χρῆσθαι Hertlein suggests, τῇ γε ὡς ἀρχῃ MSS., corrupt.

52 δὲ Hertlein suggests.

53 τὴν Naber suggests.

54 Cf. Lucretius, _De Rerum Natura_ 3. 359 foll.; Sextus Empiricus, _Adversus Mathematicos_ 7. 350.

55 αὐτὸ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, αὐτοῦ MSS.

56 τὴν θεωρίαν Hertlein suggests, πρὸς τὴν θεωρίαν MSS., θεωρίας Petavius.

57 δὲ after ἀπέδοσαν Hertlein suggests, τε MSS.

58 δοκοῦσιν· Hertlein suggests, δοκοῦσιν, MSS.

59 δὲ Hertlein suggests, δὴ MSS.

60 τούτους; οὐχ ὡς Hertlein suggests, τούτους, ὡς MSS.

61 καὶ γὰρ Hertlein suggests, καίτοι MSS.

62 Plato, _Protagoras_ 314 A.

63 _Phaedo_ 81 A.

64 _Iliad_ 5. 304.

65 δὲ after ἀνθρώπων Hertlein suggests.

66 ἀνάλωται Hertlein suggests, δείκνυται MSS.

67 μᾶλλον Hertlein suggests, μόνον MSS.

68 πως Hertlein suggests, ἴσως MSS.

69 Demeter, who regulated the customs of civilised life, especially agriculture: her festival was the Thesmophoria.

70 _Odyssey_ 12. 331.

71 οὔτι ἄλογον Hertlein suggests, οὐ χαλεπὸν MSS.

72 _Genesis_ 9. 3.

73 _Timaeus_ 77 B.

74 Plato, _Protagoras_ 321 A, B; Plato however says that the theft of fire by Prometheus saved mankind, and that later Zeus bestowed on them the political art.

75 ἔχων οὐδ᾽ οἰκέτην Kaibel, οὐκ οἰκέτην ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.; Hertlein prints the second verse as prose.

76 Cf. _Letter to Themistius_ 256 D; Nauck, _Adespota Fragmenta_ 6; Diogenes Laertius, 6. 38, says that this was a favourite quotation of Diogenes; its source is unknown.

77 Cf. 188 C, Plato, _Laws_ 730 B.

78 The stater or Daric was worth about a sovereign.

79 _Iliad_ 5. 766.

80 ταῦτὰ Hertlein suggests, ταῦτα MSS.

81 An oath used by the Pythagoreans, who regarded the tetrad, the sum of the first four numbers, as symbolical of all proportion and perfection; cf. Aetios, _Placita_ 1. 7. Pythagoras, _Aureum Carmen_ 47, Mullach νὰ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν.

82 πως Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS.

83 Cf. _Oration_ 268 D; Euripides _fr._ 1007 Nauck ὁ νοῦς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ἐν ἑκάστῳ θεός; Iamblichus, _Protrepticus_ 8. 138.

84 ζηλωταὶ ἐάσαντες Hertlein suggests, ζηλώσαντες MSS.

85 πρὶν Hertlein suggests, καὶ τρίτον MSS.

86 Euripides _fr._ 488; _Misopogon_ 358 D.

87 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 40 B, 2. 74 C, notes.

88 ταῦτα καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ ταῦτα MSS.

89 δύνῃ Hertlein suggests, cf. Diogenes Laertius 6. 5. 2; δύνασαι MSS.

90 Cf. Plato, _Epistles_ 326 B.

91 An echo of Xenophon, _Anabasis_ 7. 1. 29.

92 Diogenes Laertius 6. 86; _Palatine Anthology_ 9. 497; Julian paraphrases the verses of Crates, cf. Crates _fr._ 14, Diels.

93 _Palatine Anthology_ 10. 104.

94 ἑθεράπευε Hertlein suggests, ἐθεράπευσε MSS.

95 _I.e._ parodies such as the verses here quoted which parody Solon’s prayer _fr._ 12, Bergk; cf. 213 B.

96 ὄλβον Wright, cf. 213B, οἶτον MSS., Hertlein.

97 ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀγινεῖν Hertlein, MSS.

98 καθυφείσθω Hertlein suggests, καθείσθω MSS.

99 Before κεκλημένος Cobet adds καὶ; cf. Oration 8. 250 C.

100 An echo of Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 551, περιβλέπεσθαι τίμιον, κενὸν μὲν οὖν.

101 Thucydides 1. 118.

102 εὐδαιμονήσουσιν Hertlein suggests, εὐδαιμονήσωσιν MSS.

103 αὐτῷ Cobet, οὕτω Hertlein, MSS.

104 δρᾶν, Petavius, φάναι Hertlein, MSS.

105 ψυχρῷ Naber, θερμῷ Hertlein, MSS.

106 φιλονεικῶν Hertlein suggests, φιλῶν νεκρὸν, MSS.

107 Cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 6. 12, Arnim.

108 A proverb; Sicily was famous for good cooking; cf. Plato, _Republic_ 404 D; Horace, _Odes_ 1. 1. 18, “Siculae dapes.”

109 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 47.

110 σὺ Reiske adds, παραμενέτω μέν σοι Reiske conjectures, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

111 Demosthenes, _De Corona_, 308, cf. Vol. I. _Oration_ 5. 178 D.

112 Murray’s translation of Sallust in _Four Stages of Greek Religion_, New York, 1912.

113 _Oration_ 7, 219.

114 Cf. Vol. I, _Oration_ 2. 56 D.

115 Asmus, _Julian und Dion Chrysostomus_, 1895; cf. Praechter, _Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie_ 5. _Dion Chrysostomus als Quelle Julians._ Julian only once mentions Dio by name, _Oration_ 7, 212 C.

116 Themistius, 280 A.

117 Maximus of Tyre, _Dissertation_ 20.

118 Eupolis _fr._ 4.

119 Cf. _Misopogon_ 366 C.

120 _Odyssey_ 20. 18.

121 After Καρίᾳ Reiske suggests ἀνέφανη.

122 οἱ Cobet adds.

123 οἱ Cobet adds.

124 τε Hertlein suggests, τι MSS.

125 Ἰξίων νεφέλῃ τινὶ Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

126 τούτοις ἀντ᾽ ἀληθοῦς ψευδὴς Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS., ἐντέτηκε Wright, τέτηκε Hertlein, MSS.

127 αὐτοῖς Wright, αὐτῷ Hertlein, MSS.

128 προσαρτῶσι Hertlein suggests, προσαρτᾶν MSS.

129 Ἱππεῖς ἐν Θετταλίᾳ καὶ Θραᾴκῃ was a well‐known proverb; cf. _Oration_ 2. 63 C, D.

130 _i.e._ Hera; cf. Pindar, _Pythian_ 2. 20 foll.; Dio Chrysostom 4. 130, Arnim.

131 Cf. Plato, _Theaetetus_ 151 E.

132 The whole passage echoes Plato, _Phaedrus_ 251.

133 Cf. Archilochus _frr._ 86, 89; Archilochus used the beast‐fable or parable: Julian here ignores his own distinction and uses the wider term “myth.” Hesiod used myth as well as fable.

134 Plato, _Phaedo_ 61 B.

135 τὴν τύχην Cobet, οὐ τὴν τύχην Hertlein, MSS.

136 μὴν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.

137 τί δέον ὀνομάσαι; τί Reiske, δέον ὀνομάσαι, τὸν Hertlein MSS.

138 ῥᾷον Hertlein suggests, ῥᾴδιον MSS.

139 Literally a boat: a proverb; _Anonym. Com. Gr. Frag._ 199.

140 _Iliad_ 5. 442; Hesiod, _Theogony_ 272.

141 An echo of Plutarch, _Antonius_ 28: τὸ πολυτελέστατον, ὡς Ἀντιφῶν εἶπεν, ἀνάλωμα, τὸν χρόνον.

142 οὕτω Hertlein suggests, αὐτῷ MSS.

143 μήτι Cobet μήτοι Hertlein, MSS.

144 διαλέξομαι Cobet, διηγήσομαι Spanheim, Hertlein, V illegible.

145 παιομένους Cobet, πολεμουμένους Hertlein, MSS.

146 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 188 A, B.

147 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 187 C.

148 The pit or chasm at Athens into which the bodies of criminals were thrown; cf. Xenophon, _Hellenica_ 1. 7. 20.

149 For the ceremony of driving out the scapegoat see Harrison, _Prolegomena to Greek Religion_ 97; Frazer, _Golden Bough_, Vol. 3, p. 93.

150 _i.e._ Homer.

151 _Odyssey_ 3. 73.

152 ἄρα περιπατοῦσιν Hertlein suggests, ἀναστρέφονται καὶ περιπατοῦσιν Cobet, ἀναπατοῦσιν MSS.

153 ὁμολογουμένως Cobet, ὁμολογουμένας Hertlein, MSS.

154 χωρείτω Hertlein suggests, χαιρέτω MSS.

155 τῆς Cobet, τῆς τοῦ Hertlein, MSS.

156 A proverb; cf. Archilochus _fr._ 27, Bergk.

157 A robber whom Theseus killed; Plutarch, _Theseus_ 11.

158 _i.e._ Alexander.

159 Plato, _Phaedo_ 63 C.

160 Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 4. 12, Arnim.

161 ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀσινῆ Hertlein, MSS.

162 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 199 D.

163 _Bacchae_ 370.

164 συνεκροτείτην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεκροτεῖτον MSS.

165 συνεγιγνέσθην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεγέγνεσθον MSS.

166 _i.e._ in honour of Olympian Zeus.

167 Cf. Themistius 182 A.

168 _Phoenissae_ 472.

169 φαίνονται Hertlein suggests, ἐφαίνοντο MSS.

170 ἐπιτιθεὶς Hertlein suggests, ἐπιθεὶς MSS.

171 προρρητέον Reiske, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

172 τῷ πρακτικῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ τε ἠθικῷ MSS.

173 λογίσαισθε Cobet, λογίσεσθε Hertlein, MSS.

174 Plato, _Timaeus_ 54 A.

175 τοῦ φυσικοῦ τῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ φυσικῷ οὔτε MSS.

176 Heracleitus _fr._ 123, Diels; cf. Themistius 69 B.

177 σ᾽ ἐχρῆν Hertlein suggests, ἐχρῆν MSS.

178 Orpheus.

179 _i.e._ in his allegory the Choice of Heracles; Xenophon, _Memorabilia_ 2. 1. 2; Julian, _Oration_ 2. 56 D.

180 _i.e._ Pan and Zeus; cf. 208 B.

181 _i.e._ ethics and theology; cf. 216 B.

182 Iamblichus; cf. _Oration_ 4. 157 D.

183 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 170.

184 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 144 A.

185 A proverb for mysterious silence; cf. Theognis 815; Aesch. _Ag._ 36.

186 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

187 κατὰ Cobet, καὶ Hertlein, MSS.

188 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 149 B.

189 Cf. _Oration_ 5. 170 B, C.

190 Cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 1. 61, Arnim.

191 Cf. 230 B.

192 Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_ 2; Athenaeus 11. 470.

193 This is perhaps a passing sneer at the Christians and need not be taken too seriously.

194 σωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτυπημάτων Friederich; Hertlein approves but would omit ἕν: δωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτημάτων Hertlein, MSS., τὸ δωμάτιον ἓν κτύπημα τῶν Reiske, ἐνσκήψαντος Arnoldt.

195 Cf. Euripides, _Bacchae_ 279 foll.

196 Cf. Pindar _fr._ 85.

197 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 134 A.

198 An oracular verse from an unknown source.

199 μεταβαλεῖν Hertlein suggests, μεταβάλλειν MSS.

200 τινῶν Hertlein suggests, τινὰ MSS.

201 ἡμερίς = the vine; ἥμερος = gentle.

202 κόσμω ... κατ ... γματ ... ξιν V, lacuna MSS.

203 ἄξια, φράζειν δέ γ᾽ οὐ ῥᾴδια ἐμοί Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS.

204 Here follows a lacuna of several words.

205 Cf. Plato, _Republic_ 382 D.

206 Πενθεὺς ἔπαθε MSS.; Hertlein would omit ἔπαθε.

207 ἂν Hertlein would add.

208 τελεσιουργηθῇ Hertlein suggests, τελεσιουργηθείη MSS.

209 A proverb for forced laughter, cf. _Odyssey_ 22. 302; Plato, _Republic_ 337 A.

210 δράτω τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον τῷ MSS.

211 τοῖς ξύλοις Hertlein would add; Naber suggest βάκτροις.

212 προσκτῶνται Hertlein suggests, προσῆν οἶμαι MSS.

213 προσαχθῆναι Hertlein suggests, πραχθῆναι MSS.

214 Hellebore, supposed to be a cure for madness, grew at Anticyra; hence the proverb: cf. Horace, _Satires_ 2. 3. 166.

215 Or “solitaries”; the word also means “heretic”; but Julian evidently alludes to Christian monks who lived on charity.

216 ἰέναι Cobet, πορευόμεθα Hertlein suggests, lacuna V.

217 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

218 A proverb to express emulation; cf. Juvenal 2. 81.

219 Plutarch, _Erotici_ p. 759, says this of the Cynics; cf. Diogenes Laertius 7. 121.

220 τοῦ δεῖνος Cobet, τοῦ δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

221 Empedocles, _fr._ 21, Diels.

222 Heracleitus, _fr._ 96, Diels.

223 ὡς φασὶ ταύτῃ Cobet, cf. Oration 4. 148 B, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

224 σός· Hertlein suggests; σός, ὡς ἔφης MSS.

225 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 148 B.

226 223 A.

227 Archilochus.

228 ἐπεκτήσατο Naber, ἐκτήσατο Hertlein, MSS.

229 αὐτῷ τῶν Klimek, αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν Hertlein, MSS.

230 Constantine.

231 _Iliad_ 2. 474.

232 _Iliad_ 20. 221.

233 Cf. Plato, _Charmides_ 156 E.

234 The curse of Oedipus on his sons; cf. Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 67; Plato, _Alcibiades_ 2. 138 C; Aeschylus, _Seven Against Thebes_ 817, 942.

235 The Christian churches were so called because they were built over the tombs of the martyrs.

236 γένει αἴτιος Cobet, γένει καὶ παισὶν αἴτιος Hertlein, MSS.

237 ἐπικρατήσει Hertlein suggests, ἐπικρατήσῃ MSS.

238 _i.e._ between cousins.

239 τὸ σὸν Hertlein suggests, σὸν MSS.

240 Julian himself.

241 _Iliad_ 9. 231.

242 _Iliad_ 11. 164.

243 _Iliad_ 24. 348.

244 λειοτέρας, Klimek, λείας Hertlein, MSS.

245 δόρυ Hertlein suggests, μάχαιραν MSS; cf. 231 C.

246 _i.e._ as the god of eloquence.

247 Plato, _Republic_ 618 B.

248 Cf. Aeschylus, _Agamemnon_ 160.

249 περιβαλὼν Cobet, περιβάλλων Hertlein, MSS.

250 καταδυόμενος Naber thinks corrupt, but cf. _Letter to the Athenians_ 285 A.

251 Literally “the Gorgon’s head,” which formed the centre of the aegis or breastplate of Athene; cf. 234 A.

252 Constantius.

253 _Iliad_ 3. 415.

254 φιλεῖν Cobet, φίλων Hertlein, MSS.

255 λάθοι Hertlein suggests, λάθῃ MSS.

256 _Peter_ 1. 5. 8; _Thessalonians_ 1. 5. 6.

257 An echo of Plato, _Republic_ 495 E.

258 ταῖς ἐκείνων Cobet, ἐκείνων ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.

259 τὴν πανοπλίαν Hertlein suggests, πανοπλίαν MSS.

260 τῶν ἐντολῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐντολῶν MSS.

261 τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, τοῦτον MSS.

262 μαινομένου Hertlein suggests, τοῦ μαινομένου MSS.

263 Plato, _Phaedrus_ 244 foll.

264 _Odyssey_ 11. 235; Pindar, _Pythian_ 4. 143; Salmoneus was destroyed by a thunder‐bolt for imitating the thunder and lightning of Zeus.

265 Maximus of Ephesus.

266 Iamblichus.

267 Literally “winged.”

268 φίλα Cobet, φιλικὰ Hertlein, MSS.

269 A direct quotation from Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 128; the word omitted by Julian is κάθαρμα = “off‐scourings,” or “outcast,” addressed by Demosthenes to Aeschines.

270 An echo of Xenophon, _Anabasis_ 1. 5. 14.

271 For this device of introducing hackneyed poetical and mythological allusions cf. Themistius 330, 336 C; Aristides, _Oration_ 20. 428 D; Himerius, _Oration_ 18. 1. Epictetus 3. 282.

272 A proverb for wealth; cf. Theocritus 10. 13.

273 δῆτα Cobet adds, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

274 συστατικὸν Cobet, ἀστατικὸν V, Hertlein, ἐνστατικὸν Reiske, εὐστατικὸν Spanheim.

275 δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS.

276 προηγόρευτο Cobet, προηγορεύετο Hertlein, MSS.

277 Pythagoras.

278 _Philebus_ 12 C.

279 _Timaeus_ 40 D; Julian fails to see that Plato is not speaking seriously.

280 Aristotle.

281 ἐκφοβήσεις Cobet, ἐκφοβήσῃς Hertlein, MSS.

282 ὁποίας Hertlein suggests, ὅπως MSS.

283 συνιεὶς Hertlein suggests, συνεὶς MSS.

284 μέγα φρονοῦντα Cobet, μεγαλοφρονοῦντα Hertlein, MSS.

285 τοῖς Naber, τούτοις Hertlein, MSS.

286 _Diogenes Laertius_ 6. 39.

287 Diogenes like Socrates claimed that he had a δαιμόνιον, a private revelation to guide his conduct; cf. 212 D.

288 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 148 A, note.

289 This was the πρόρρησις or praefatio sacrorum; cf. Livy 45. 5.

290 cf. vol. i. p. 351.

291 κοινὸν Wright, καινὸν Hertlein, MSS.

292 ἂν—μιμήσαιτο Hertlein suggests, μιμήσεται MSS.

293 ἀντηχήσειε Hertlein suggests, ἀντηχήσει MSS.

294 _Odyssey_ 4. 227; a sophistic commonplace; cf. 412 D, Themistius 357 A; Julian seems to mean that the nepenthe was not really a drug but a story told by Helen.

295 Plato, _Phaedo_ 60 B.

296 Cf. _Oration_ 2. 101 A.

297 Mardonius.

298 _Iliad_ 17. 720.

299 _Iliad_ 11. 401.

300 _Iliad_ 11. 163.

301 _Iliad_ 17. 242.

302 μόνος—φροντίδος Brambs regards as a verse; Hertlein prints as prose.

303 Nauck, _Adespota fragmenta_ 430.

304 ἀλλὰ Reiske supplies, lacuna Hertlein: after πραττόμενα several words are lost.

305 πολυειδοῦς Cobet, πολυτελοῦς Hertlein, MSS.

306 Julian quotes from memory and paraphrases _Epistle_ 7. 325 C.

307 This feat of Xerxes became a rhetorical commonplace.

308 Aristophanes, _Acharnians_ 1; cf. 248 D.

309 A commonplace; Plato, _Laws_ 659 E; Julian, _Caesars_ 314 C; Dio Chrysostom 33. 10; Themistius 63 B, 302 B; Maximus of Tyre 10. 6.

310 _Odyssey_ 11. 202.

311 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 97; cf. Julian, _Epistle_ 53. 439 D.

312 Cf. _Caesars_ 309 C note.

313 Plato, _Charmides_ 156 D.

314 _Iliad_ 9. 524.

315 _Odyssey_ 9. 14.

316 οὐ μόνον οὐ δυσχεραίνω χαίρω δὲ Hertlein suggests, cf. 37 B, 255 D; καὶ χαίρω γε MSS.

317 ἀρετῆς Hertlein suggests, τῆς ἀρετῆς MSS.

318 Theocritus 12. 15.

319 Hesiod, _Works and Days_ 293, 295 ὃς αὑτῷ πάντα νοήσῃ; Diogenes Laertius 7. 25.

320 καὶ θατέρῳ Hertlein suggests, θατέρῳ MSS.

321 Diogenes Laertius 8. 10; Pythagoras persuaded his disciples to share their property in common.

322 ὢν Hertlein would add.

323 ὁπουοῦν Cobet, ὅπου Hertlein, MSS.

324 τὴν οὗ Hertlein suggests, οὗ MSS.

325 θηρίοις Cobet, ὄρνισιν Hertlein, MSS.

326 Cf. Livy 27. 7.

327 Cobet rejects this sentence as a gloss; but Julian perhaps echoes Plato, _Menexenus_ 246 C.

328 This a very inappropriate application to Pericles of the speech of Critoboulos in Xenophon, _Symposium_ 4. 12; cf. Diogenes Laertius 2. 49.

329 The Attic stade = about 600 feet.

330 Epicharmus _fr._ 13.

331 _Iliad_ 15. 80.

332 ἐπῄει Reiske adds.

333 νυκτέρων Cobet, νυκτερινῶν Hertlein, MSS.

334 Theognis 153. τίκτει τοι κόρος ὕβριν, ὅταν κακῷ ὄλβος ἔπηται.

335 Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 165, μορφῆς τύπωμα στέρνα τ᾽ ἐξῃκασμένα.

336 Nauck, _Adespota trag. frag._ 108.

337 ἐνδίδωσι Hertlein suggests, δίδωσι MSS.

338 δῆλον Cobet, δῆλοι Hertlein, MSS.

339 πρωτεῖα Cobet, πρῶτα Hertlein, MSS.

340 _Iliad_ 5. 304.

341 Cf. 243 C.

342 Two familiar proverbs.

343 _Iliad_ 9. 420.

344 _Iliad_ 1. 55.

345 The Megarians on inquiring their rank among the Greeks from the Delphic oracle were told that they were not in the reckoning at all, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ οἱ Μεγαρεῖς οὐκ ἐν λόγῳ οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἀριθμῷ; cf. Theocritus 14. 47.

346 πόνων Hertlein suggests, φόβων MSS.

347 Cf. Dio Chrysostom 13. 4, Arnim.

348 _Odyssey_ 5. 84.

349 _Iliad_ 2. 673.

350 _Odyssey_ 10. 119 foll.

351 _Odyssey_ 13. 332.

352 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 201 C; Thucydides 1. 118.

353 _Iliad_ 24. 63.

354 _Iliad_ 8. 1.

355 _Odyssey_ 3. 1.

356 _Odyssey_ 19. 172.

357 ὑπερέχον Naber, ὑπάρχον Hertlein, MSS.

358 ὀρέγεσθαι Petavius, lacuna Hertlein, MSS.

359 ἄγουσα Cobet, ῥέπουσα Hertlein, ... οὐσα V.

360 The Propontis.

361 Sallust was a native of Gaul.

362 These are regular epithets of Zeus.

363 Theocritus 7. 57.

364 _Odyssey_ 24. 402; and 10. 562.

365 Themistius 260 C, 345 C.

366 245 D.

367 33, 295 B.

368 Vol. 5, p. 742.

369 Libanius _Epistle_ 1061 mentions an Oration by Themistius in praise of Julian, but this is not extant.

370 διαιτημάτων Naber, διηγημάτων Hertlein, MSS.

371 The Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

372 Apparently an echo of Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 1. 9, Arnim.

373 Euripides, _Orestes_ 16.

374 γ᾽ ἂν Hertlein suggests, γοῦν MSS.

375 εὐφυῶς Reiske adds.

376 καὶ Γλαύκωνα ... λέγει· τὸν δὲ Wyttenbach, Γλαύκωνα δὲ ἐκεῖνον ὡς Ξενοφῶν λέγει, καὶ τὸν Hertlein, MSS.

377 After λεγόμενον several words are lost.

378 λόγῳ Reiske, λόγοι Hertlein, MSS.

379 The Bosporus; Themistius was probably at Constantinople.

380 Epicurus; his advice was λαθὲ βιώσας.

381 Literally “from the βῆμα,” _i.e._ the stone on the Pnyx from which the Athenian orator addressed the people.

382 _Memorabilia_ 3. 6. 1.

383 Alcibiades.

384 The Stoic philosopher.

385 Cf. Aristotle, _Nicomachean Ethics_ 1. 10. 6.

386 Cf. _Oration_ 6. 195B, note.

387 _Iliad_ 2. 25.

388 παρασκευῆς Hertlein would read, τῆς παρασκευῆς MSS.

389 θαυμασιώτερον MSS.; Hertlein following Cobet reads θαυμαστότερον but in later Preface would restore MSS. reading.

390 Alexander.

391 θεῖον Hertlein suggests, θεὸν MSS.

392 _Laws_ 709B.

393 A play on words: διανομὴ and νόμος are both connected with νέμω = “to distribute.”

394 _Laws_ 713‐714; Julian condenses and slightly alters the original.

395 Ἀθηνῶν Cobet, Ἀθηναίων Hertlein, MSS.

396 We know nothing more of the events here mentioned.

397 A proverb derived from _Iliad_ 6. 236, where Glaukos exchanges his golden armour for the bronze armour of Diomede.

398 Aristophanes, _Wasps_ 1431.

399 ὡς Klimek, ὅς Hertlein, MSS.

400 τὸν τοιοῦτον εἶδος πολιτείας Hertlein suggests, cf. Aristotle _Politics_ 3. 16, 1287 a, τὸ τοιοῦτον εἶδος MSS.

401 ὃς Hertlein would add.

402 Several words indicating the second point enumerated seem to have been lost.

403 οἷόν Hertlein suggests, ὃ MSS.

404 A proverb; cf. “bringing coals to Newcastle.”

405 Aristotle, _Politics_ 3. 15. 1286B.

406 _Ibid_ 3. 16. 1287A.

407 Cf. Plato, _Theaetetus_ 153.

408 Before Solon’s measure to cancel debts was generally known, some of his friends borrowed large sums, knowing that they would not have to repay them.

409 Aristotle, _Politics_ 7. 3. 1325B.

410 _Odyssey_ 21. 26.

411 ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... τοὺς κυρίους Hertlein suggests, τοὺς ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... κυρίους MSS.

412 πρότερος Hertlein suggests, πρότερον MSS.

413 The father of Socrates.

414 This school was founded by Phaedo in Elis and later was transferred by Menedemus to Eretria.

415 The Megarian school founded by Euclid was finally absorbed by the Cynics.

416 Simmias and Cebes were Pythagoreans; cf. Plato, _Phaedo_, where they discuss with Socrates.

417 Alexander; Julian seems to be misquoting Plutarch, _Moralia_ 78 D.

418 Cf. _Caesars_ 326 B note.

419 A historian under Augustus.

420 The Platonic philosopher and astrologer, cf. Tacitus, _Annals_ 6. 21.

421 The Stoic philosopher exiled by Nero.

422 ἁπάσῃ μηχανῇ follows ὑμῶν in MSS.; Hertlein suggests present reading.

423 τε Hertlein suggests, γε MSS.

424 Demosthenes, _De Corona_ 23.

425 Cf. _Caesars_ 323 B.

426 The first King of Media; reigned 709‐656 B.C.

427 A priest of Apollo whose story and date are uncertain.

428 A Scythian prince who visited Athens at the end of the sixth century B.C.; cf. Cicero, _Tusculan Disputations_ 5. 32; Lucian, _Anacharsis_.

429 The story is told in Plutarch, _Themistocles_.

430 Athene.

431 τὸν ἐμὸν Hertlein suggests, ἐμὸν MSS.

432 ἐξέδυσε Hertlein suggests, ἐρρύσατο οὐδὲ Cobet, ἐρρύσατο MSS.

433 Gallus.