Part 21

The frute and commoditie heirof shall suddanlie appeare. For, first, the youtheid and tender children sall be nurischit and brocht up in virtue, in presence of thair freindis; by whose good attendence many inconvenientis may be avoided, in the which the youth commonlie fallis, eathir by too muche[455] libertie, whiche thei have in strange and unknawin placis, whill thei can not rule them selfis; or ellis for lacke of gude attendence, and of suche necessiteis as thair tender aige requireth. Secoundarlie, The exercise of the children in everie Churche shall be great instructioun to the aigeit.[456]

[455] In edit. 1621, "over much."

[456] In edit. 1722, "to the aged and unlearned."

Last, The great Schollis callit Universiteis, shallbe repleanischit with those that be apt to learnyng; for this must be cairfullie provideit, that no fader, of what estait or conditioun that ever he be, use his children at his awin fantasie, especiallie in thair youth-heade; but all must be compelled to bring up thair children in learnyng and virtue.

The riche and potent may not be permitted to suffer thair children to spend thair youth in vane idilnes, as heirtofore thei have done. But thei must be exhorted, and by the censure of the Churche compelled to dedicat thair sones, by goode exercise,[457] to the proffit of the Churche and to the Common-wealth; and that thei must do of thair awin expensses, becaus thei ar able. The children of the poore must be supported and sustenit on the charge of the Churche, till tryell be tackin, whethir the spirit of docilitie be fund in them or not. Yf thei be fund apt to letteris and learnyng, then may thei not (we meane, neathir the sonis of the riche, nor yit the sonis of the poore,) be permittit to reject learnyng; but must be chargeit to continew thair studie, sa that the Commoun-wealthe may have some confort by them. And for this purpose must discreit, learned, and grave men be appointit to visit all Schollis for the tryell of thair exercise, proffit, and continewance; to wit, the Ministeris and Elderis, with the best learned in everie toun, shall everie quarter tak examinatioun[458] how the youth hath proffitted.

[457] In edit. 1722, "their sonnes, by training them up in good exercises."

[458] In edit. 1621, "the Minister and Elders, and the rest of learned men in every town, shall in every quarter make examination."

A certane tyme must be appointed to Reiding, and to learning of the Catechisme; ane certane tyme to the Grammar, and to the Latine toung; ane certane tyme to the Artis, Philosophie, and to the [other] Toungis; and a certane to that studie in which thei intend cheaflie to travell for the proffit of the Commoun-wealth. Whiche tyme being expired, we meane in everie course, the children must eathir proceid to farther knawledge, or ellis thei must be send to sum handie-craft, or to sum othir profitable exercise; provideit alwayis, that first thei have the forme of knawledge[459] of Christiane religioun, to wit, the knawledge of Goddis law and commandimentis; the use and office of the same; the cheaf articulis of our beleve; the richt forme to pray unto God; the nomber, use, and effect of the sacramentis; the trew knawledge of Christ Jesus, of his office and natures, and suche otheris,[460] as without the knawledge wheirof, neathir deservith [any] man to be named a Christiane,[461] neather aught ony to be admittit to the participatioun of the Lordis Tabill: And thairfore, these principallis aught and must be learned in the youth-heid.

[459] In MS. 1566, "have the formar knawledge;" in edit. 1621, "that they have further knawledge."

[460] In edit. 1621, "such other points."

[461] In edit. 1621, "neither any man deserves to be called a Christian."

II. THE TYMES APPOINTED TO EVERIE COURSE.

Two yearis we think more then sufficient to learne to read perfitelie, to answer to the Catechisme, and to have some entresse in the first rudimentis of Grammar; to the full accomplischement whairof, (we meane of the Grammar,) we think other thre or foure yearis at most, sufficient. To the Artis, to wit, Logick and Rethorick, and to the Greik toung, foure yeiris; and the rest, till the aige of twenty-foure yearis to be spent in that studye, whairin the learnar wald proffit the Churche or Commoun-wealth, be it in the Lawis, or Physick or Divinitie: Whiche tyme of twenty-foure yearis being spent in the schollis, the learnar most be removed to serve the Churche or Commoun-wealth, unless he be fund a necessarie Reidare in the same Colledge or Universitie. Yf God shall move your heartis to establische and execut this Ordour, and put these thingis in practise, your hole Realme, (we doubt nott,) within few yearis, shall serve the self of trew preacharis, and of uther officiaris necessarie for your Common-wealth.

III. THE ERECTIOUN OF UNIVERSITEIS.

The Grammar Schollis and of the Toungis being erectit as we have said, nixt we think it necessarie thair be three Universities in this whole Realme, establischeit in the Tounis accustumed.[462] The first in Sanctandrois,[463] the secound in Glasgow,[464] and the thrid in Abirdene.[465]

[462] In edit. 1621, "in three Townes."--It will be observed that this was in 1560; and that the University of Edinburgh was not founded till the year 1582; and Marischall College and University of Aberdeen till 1593.

[463] The University of St. Andrews, founded in the year 1411.

[464] The University of Glasgow, founded in 1450.

[465] The University and King's College of Aberdeen, founded in 1494.

And in the first Universitie and principall, whiche is SANCTANDROIS, thair be thre Colledgeis. And in the first Colledge, quhilk is the entre of the Universitie, thair be four classes or saigeis: the first, to the new Suppostis, shalbe onlie Dialectique; the nixt, onlie Mathematique;[466] the thrid, of Phisick onlie; the fourt of Medicine. And in the secound Colledge, twa classes or seigeis: the first, in[467] Morall Philosophie; the secound in[467] the Lawis. And in the thrid College, twa classes or seigeis: the first, in[467] the Toungis, to wit, Greek and Hebreu; the secound, in[467] Divinitie.

[466] In edit. 1621, "Dialecticæ," and "Mathematicæ."

[467] In edit. 1621, "of."

IV. OFF REIDARIS, AND OF THE GREIS, OFF TYME, AND STUDYE.[468]

[468] In edit. 1621, "Of Readers, and of the Degrees, and time of Study;" to this the edition 1722 adds, "and of Principals and Rector, and of Bursars."

[Sidenote: THE FIRST GRIE.]

[Sidenote: SECOND DEGRIE.]

_Item_, In the first College, and in the first classe, shallbe ane Reidar of Dealectique,[469] wha shall accomplische his course thairof in one yeare. In the Mathematique,[469] whiche is the secound classe, shalbe ane Reidar who shall compleit his course of Arithmetique,[469] Geometrie, Cosmographie, and Astrologie, in ane yeare. In the third classe, shalbe are Reidar of Naturall Philosophie, who shall compleit his course in a yeare. And wha efter thir thre yearis, by tryell and examinatioun, shall be fund sufficientlie instructit in thir aforesaid sciences, shall be Laureat and Graduat in Philosophie. In the fourt classe, shall be ane Reidar of Medicine, who shall compleit his course in five years: after the study of the whiche tyme, being by examinatioun fund sufficient, thei shall be graduat in Medicine.

[469] In edit. 1621, "Dialectica, Mathematica, Arithmetica." In that edition, throughout this chapter, most of these names of the branches of study are in like manner given in a Latin form.

[Sidenote: THIRD DEGRIE].

_Item_, In the Secound Colledge, in the first classe, one Reader onlie in the Ethicques, OEconomicques, and Politiques, who shall compleit his course in the space of one yeare. In the secound classe, shall be tuo Reidaris in the Municipall and Romane Lawis, who sall compleit thair coursses in four yeares; after the whiche tyme, being by examinatioun fund sufficient, thei shalbe graduat in the Lawis.

[Sidenote: FOURTH DEGRIE.]

_Item_, In the third Colledge, in the first classe, ane Reidar of the Hebreu, and ane uther of the Greek toung, wha sail compleit the grammeris thairof in half ane yeare,[470] and the remanent of the yeare, the Reidar of the Hebreu shall interpreit ane booke of Moses, the[471] Propheitis, or the Psalmes; sa that his course and classe shall continew ane yeare. The Reidar of the Greek shall interpreit some booke of Plato, togidder with some place of the New Testament. And in the secound classe, shalbe tuo Reideris in Divinitie, that ane in the New Testament, that uthir in the Auld, who sall compleit thair course in five yearis. After whiche tyme, who sall be fund by examinatioun sufficient shall be graduat in Divinitie.

[470] In edit. 1021, "in three moneths."

[471] In edit. 1722, "or of the."

_Item_, We think expedient that nane be admittit unto the first Colledge, and to be Suppostis of the Universitie, onles he have frome the Maister of the Schole, and the Minister of the toun whair he was instructed in the toungis, ane testimoniall of his learnyng, docilitie, aige, and parentage; and likewayis triall to be tane[472] be certan Examinatouris, deput be the Rectour and Principallis of the same, and yf he be fund sufficientlie instructit in Dialectick,[473] he shall incontinent, that same yeare, be promoted to the classe of Mathematicque.

[472] In edit. 1621, "triall be taken."

[473] In edit. 1621, "in the Dialectica."

_Item_, That nane be admittit to the classe of the Medicine bot he that shall have his testimoniall of his tyme weall spent in Dialecticque, Mathematique, and Phisicque, and of his docilitie in the last.

_Item_, That nane be admittit unto the classe of the Lawis, but he that shall have sufficient testimoniallis of his tyme weill spent in Dialecticque, Mathematique, Phisique, Ethick, OEconomiques, and Pollitiques, and of his docilitie in the last.

_Item_, That nane be admittit unto the classe and seige of Divines[474] bot he that shall have sufficient testimonialles of his tyme weill spent in Dialecticque, Mathematicque, Phisique, Ethique, OEconomique, Morall Philosophie,[475] and the Hebreu toung, and of his docilitie in the Morall Philosophie and the Hebreu toung. But neathir shall suche as will applye them to hear the Lawis, be compelled to heir Medicine; neathir suche as applye them to hear Divinitie be compellit to hear eathir Medicine or yit the Lawis.

[474] In edit. 1621, "Seage of Divinity."

[475] In edit. 1621, "and Politica."

[Sidenote: SECUND UNIVERSITIE.]

_Item_, In the Secound Universitie, whiche is GLASGU, shalbe twa Colledgeis alanerlie. In the first shalbe ane classe of Dialecticque, ane uther in Mathematicque, the thrid in Phisique, ordourit in all sortis as Sanctandrois.

_Item_, In the Secound Colledge, four classes; the first in Morall Philosophie, Ethiques, OEconomiques, and Pollitiques; the secound of the Municipale and Romane Lawis; the thrid of the Hebreu toung; the fourt in Divinitie: Which shall be ordourit in all sortis, conforme to it we have writtin in the ordour of the Universitie of Sanctandrois.[476]

[476] The Editor in 1722, says, "There is here no mention made of Medicine or Greek; but it is probable that a Professor of Greek was designed both for Glasgow and Aberdeen for the reason given in the remark on 25 § of this chapter:" (Note 2, page 219.)

[Sidenote: THIRD UNIVERSITIE.]

The Thrid Universitie of ABIRDENE shall be conforme to this Universitie of Glasgou, in all sortis.

_Item_, We think neidfull, that thair be chosin of the body of the Universitie to everie Colledge a man[477] of learnyng, discretioun, and diligence, who shall resave the haill rentis of the Colledge, and distribute the same according to the erectioun of the Colledge, and shall dalie hearkin the dyet comptis; adjoynyng to him oulklie ane of the Readeris or Regentis, above whome he shall [take] attendence upoun thair diligence, alsweill in thair reading, as exercitioun[478] of the youth in the mater taught; upoun the polecye and uphold of the place; and for punischement of crymes, shall hald ane oulklie[479] conventioun with the haill memberis of the Colledge. He shall be comptabile yearlie to the Superintendent, Rectour, and rest of the Principallis convened, about the first of November. His electioun shalbe in this sort: Thair shalbe thre of the maist sufficient men of the Universitie, (not Principallis alreaddie,) nominat by the memberis of the College, sworne to follow thair conscience, whais Principall is departed, and publictlie proponed throu the whole Universitie. Efter the whiche tyme eght dayis, the Superintendent, by him self or his speciall Procuratour, with the Rectour and rest of the Principallis, as are chaptour convened, shall conferme ane of the three thei think maist sufficient, being afore sworne to do the same with singill ee,[480] but respect to feid or favour.

[477] In edit. 1621, "a principal man;" in the edit, 1722, "a Principall, who must be a man of learning."

[478] In edit. 1621, "as exercising."

[479] In edit. 1621, "hold a weekly."

[480] In edit. 1621, "with a single eye."

_Item_, In everie Colledge, we think neidfull at the least ane Steward, ane Cooke, ane Gardnar, ane Portar, wha shall be subject to discipline of the Principale, as the rest.

_Item_, That everie Universitie have ane Beddale subject to serve at all tymes throuchout the whole Universitie, as the Rectour and Principallis shall command.

_Item_, That everie Universitie have ane Rectour chosin from yeare to yeare as shall follow. The Principallis being convened with the haill Regentis chaptourlie, shall be sworne, that everie man in his roume shall nominat suche one as his conscience shall testifie to be maist sufficient to beare suche charge and dignitie; and thre of them that shalbe oftest nominat shalbe put in edict publictlie, fiftene dayis afore Michaelmess; and then shall on Michaelmess Evin convene the hoill Principallis, Regentis, and Suppostis that ar graduat, or at the least studyit thair tyme in Ethiques, OEconomiques, and Pollitiques, and na utheris youngare; and everie natioun, first protestand in[481] Goddis presence to follow the sinceir ditement of thair consciences, shall nominat ane of the said thre; and he that hes monyest votis shall be confermit be the Superintendent and Principall, and his dewitie with ane exhortatioun proponed unto him: And this to be the 28 day of September; and thairefter aithis to be takin,[482] _hinc inde_, off his just and godlie governement, and of the remanentis lauchfull submissioun and obedience. He shall be propyned[483] to the Universitie at his entre, with ane new garment, bearing _Insignia Magistratus_; and be halden monethlie to visie everie Colledge,[484] and with his presence decore and examyn the lectionis and exercitioun thairof. His assessoris shalbe ane laweir and ane theolog, with whois advise he shall decide all questionis civill, betwix the memberis of the Universitie. Yf ony without the Universitie persew ane member thairof, or be persewit be ane member of the samin, he shall assist the Provest and Baillies in thei casses, or uthir judgeis competent, to see justice be ministred. In likewise, yf ony of the Universitie be criminallie persewit, he shall assist the Judgeis competent, and se that justice be ministred.

[481] In edit. 1621, "and everie one having first protested."

[482] In edit. 1621, "tryall to be taken."

[483] In MS. 1566, "proposed."

[484] The Editor in 1722, says, "Some copies have _Insignia Magistratus_ being born before him, he shall visite every Colledge monethly." &c.

[Sidenote: SUMMA OF BURSARIS IN THE THRE UNIVERSITEIS.]

_Item_, We think it expedient, that in everie Colledge in everie Universitie, thair be twenty-four bursaris,[485] divided equalie in all the classes and seigeis, as is above exprimit: that is, in Sanctandrois, seventie-tua bursaris; in Glasgou, fourtye-eyght bursaris; in Abirdene, fourty-eyght; to be sustened onlie in meit upon the chargeis of the Colledge; and be admitted at the examinatioun of the Ministerie and chaptour of Principallis in the Universitie, alsweill in docilitie of the personis offerit, as of the habillitie of thair parentis to sustene thame thair selvis, and nocht to burding the Common-wealth with thame.

[485] In reckoning the number of Bursaries, it was proposed that the University of St. Andrews should consist of three Colleges; and Glasgow and Aberdeen of two each; thus making 72 for the former, and 48 for each of the latter.

V. OFF STIPENDIS AND EXPENSSES NECESSARIE.

_Item_, We think expedient, that the Universiteis be doted with temporall landis, with rentis and revenewis of the Bischopriks temporalitie, and of the Kirkis Collegiat, sa far as thair ordinarie chargeis shall require; and thairfore, that it wald please your Honouris, be advise of your Honouris Counsall and voit of Parliament, to do the samin. And to the effect the same may be schortlie expediat, we have recollected the soumes we think necessarie for the samin.

_Imprimis_, For the ordinarie Stipend of the Dialecticiane Reidar, the Mathematiciane, Phisitiane, and Morall Philosophie, we think sufficient ane hundreth pundis for everie ane of thame.

_Item_, For the Stipend of everie Reader in Medicine and Lawis, ane hundreth threttie thre pundis, vi s. viij d.

_Item_, To everie Reidar in Hebrew, Greik, and Divinitie, twa hundreth pundis.

_Item_, To everie Principall of a Colledge, ij lb.

_Item_, To everie Stewart, sextene pundis of fie.

_Item_, To everie Gardnar, to everie Cuke, and Portar, ilkane, ten markis.

_Item_, To the Burde of everie Bursar, without the Classes of Theologie and Medicine,[486] twenty pundis.

_Item_, [To every Bursar] in the Classe of Theologie, whiche will be onlie twelf personis in Sanctandrois, 24 lib.

Summa of yeirlie and ordinarie expensses in the Universitie of Sanctandrois, extendis to 3796 lib.

Summa of yearlie and ordinarie expensis of Glasgow,[487] 2922 lib.

Abirdene, alsmekill, 2922 lib. --------- Summa of the Ordinarie Chargis of the hoill, 9640 lib.

[486] In edit. 1621, the words, "and Medicine" are omitted.

[487] The Editor in 1722, remarks, "The ordinary expenses of Glasgow or Aberdeen extend only to 2722 Pounds and one Merk, so that probably it was designed that these two Universities should have had each of them a Professor of Greek, whose salary was to have been 200 Pounds."

_Item_, the Beddellis Stipend shalbe of everie entrant and suppost of the Universitie, ii. schillingis; off everie ane graduat in Philosophie, thre schillingis; off everie ane graduat in Medicine or Lawis, 4 schillingis; in Theologie, 5 schillingis; all Bursis being exceptit.

_Item_, We have thocht gude for building and uphald of the placis, ane general collect be maid; and that everie Erlis sone, at his entre to the Universitie, shall gif fourtye schillingis, and sicklike at everie graduatioun, 40 schillingis. _Item_, Everie Lordis sone sicklike at ilk tyme, 30 schillingis; ilk fre halding Baronis sone, twentye schillingis: everie Fewar and substantious Gentilmannis sone, ane mark. _Item_, Everie substantious Husband and Burges sone, at ilk tyme, ten schillingis: _Item_, Everie ane of the rest, (excepting[488] the Bursaris,) 5 schillingis at ilk tyme.

[488] In edit. 1621, "not excepting."

And that this be gathered in ane commoun box, put in keiping to the Principall of the Theologeanes, everie Principall havand ane key thairof, to be comptit ilk yeare anis, with the relictis of the Principallis to be layed into the samin, about the fivetene day of November, in presence of the Superintendent, Rectour, and the hoill Principallis; and, at thair hoill consent, or at the least the most part thairof, reservit and employit onlie upoun the building and uphalding of the placis, and repairing of the same, as ever necessitie shall require. And thairfore, the Rectour with his assistance shall be haldin to visite the placis ilk yeir anis, incontinent efter he be promoted, upoun the last of October, or thairby.

VI. OFF THE PRIVILEGE OF THE UNIVERSITIE.

Seing we desire that Innocencie shall defend us rather than Privelege, we think that ilk persoun of the Universitie shuld answeir before the Provest and Baillies of ilk town whaire the Universities ar, of all crymes whairof thai ar accusit, onlie that the Rectour be Assesour to thame in the saidis actionis. In civill materis yf the questioun be betwix memberis of the Universitie on ilk side, making thair residence and exercitioun thairin for the tyme, in that case the partie callit shall not be haldin to answer, but onlie before the Rectour and his Assesouris heirtofore expremit. In all uthir casses of civill persute, the generall reule of the Law to be observit, _Actor sequatur forum rei, &c._

_Item_, That the Rectour and all inferiour memberis of the Universitie be exempted frome all taxationis, impostis, chargeis of weir, or ony othir charge that may onerat or abstract him or thame from the cair of thair office; suche as Tutorie, Curatorie, Deaconrie, or ony siclike, that ar establischeit, or heirefter shall be established in our Common-wealth; to the effect, that but trubill, that ane may wait upoun the upbringing of the youth in learnyng, that othir bestow his tyme onlie in that most necessarie exercitioune.

All othir thingis tuiching the bookes to be red in ilk classe, and all suche particular effaires, we refer to the discretioun of the Maisteris, Principallis, and Regentis, with thair weill advisit Counsallis; not doubting but yf God sall grant quietnes, and gif your Wisdomes grace to set fordward letteris in the sort prescribed, ye shall leave wisdome and learnyng to your posteritie, ane treasure more to be estemed nor ony earthlie treasure ye ar abill to provide[489] for thame; whiche, without wisdome, ar more abill to be thair ruyne and confusioun, than help or confort. And as this is most treu, so we leave it with the rest of the commoditeis to be weyit by your Honouris wisdome, and set fordwart by your authoritie to the most heigh advancement of this Common-wealth, committed to your charge.

[489] In edit. 1621, "to amasse."

THE SEXT HEID, OF THE RENTIS AND PATRIMONY OF THE KIRK.[490]

[490] In edit, 1722, Chap. VIII.

These twa sortis of men, that is to say, the Ministers[491] and the Pure, togidder with the Schollis, when ordour sall be takin thairanent, must be sustened upoun the chargeis of the Churche: And thairfore provisioun must be maid, how and of whome suche soumes must be lifted. But befoir we enter in this heid, we must crave of your Honouris, in the name of the Eternall God and of his Sone Christ Jesus, that ye have respect to your pure brethren, the lauboraris and manuraris of the ground; who by these creuell beastis the Papistis have bene so oppressit,[492] that thair life to thame have bene dolorus and bitter. Yf ye will have God author and approver of youre reformatioun, ye must nott follow thair futesteppis; but ye must have compassioun upoun your brethren, appointing thame to pay so reasonabill teyndis, that thei may feill[493] sum benefit of Christ Jesus, now precheit unto thame.

[491] In edit. 1722, "ministers of the Word."

[492] In edit. 1621, "have before been opprest."

[493] In edit. 1621, "may find."