Chapter 35

But, yit, because the mater may appeir obscure, onless it be more propirlie applyed, I can nott bot of conscience use suche plainnes as God shall grant unto me. Oure faces ar this day confounded, oure ennemyes triumphe, oure heartis have quaiked for fear, and yitt thei remane oppressed with sorrow and schame. But what shall we think to be the verray cause that God hath thus dejected us? Yf I shall say, our synnes and formar unthankfulness to God, I speik the treuth. Butt yitt I spack more generalie then necessitie required: for when the synnes of men ar rebucked in generall, seldome it is that man discendeth within him self, accusing and dampnyng in him self that whiche most displeaseth God. Butt rather he dowttis that to be a cause, whiche befoir God is no cause in deid. For example, the Israelitis, feghting against the tribe of Benjamin, wer twise discomfeitted, with the loss of fourtie thowsand men. Thei lamented and bewailled boyth first and last; but we fynd nott that thei cam to the knawledge of thair offence and synne, whiche wes the cause that thei fell in the edge of the sworde; but rather thei dowted that to have bene a cause of thair mysfortoun, whiche God had commanded: for thei ask, "Shall we go and feght any more against our brethren, the sonnes of Benjamin?" By whiche questioun, it is evident, that thei supposed that the caus of thair overthrow and discomfeit was, becaus thei had lifted the sword against thair brethren and naturall countreymen. And yitt, the expresse commandiment of God that wes gevin unto thame, did deliver thame from all cryme in that caise. And yitt, no dowte but that thare wes some caus in the Israelitis that God gave thame so over in the handis of those wicked men, against whom he send thame, by his awin expressed commandiment, till execut his judgementis. [SN: LETT SCOTLAND YITT TACK HEAD.] Suche as do weall mark the historye and the estait of that people, may easilie see the caus why God wes offended. All the haill people had declyned from God; idolatrie was manteaned by the commoun consent of the multitude; and as the text sayeth, "Everie man did that whiche appeareth good in his awin eyis." In this meantyme, the Levite compleaned of the vilanye that was done unto him self, and unto his wyf, whiche oppressed by the Benjamites of Gibeah, died under thare fylthy lustis. Whiche horrible fact inflammed the heartis of the hole people to taik vengeance upoun that abhominatioun: and thairin thei offended not; but in this thei failled, that thei go to execut judgement against the wicked, without any reapentance or remorse of conscience of thair formare offenses, and defectioun from God. And, farther, becaus thei war a great multitude, and the other war far inferiour unto thame, thei trusted in thair awin strenth, and thought thame selfis able aneuch to do thair purpose, without any invocatioun of the name of God. Bot after that thei had twise provin the vanitie of thair awin strenth, thei fasted and prayed, and being humbled befoir God, thai receaved a more favorable answer, ane assured promeise of the victorye. The lyik may be amangis us, albeit suddanelie we do nott espye it. And to the end that everie man may the bettir examyne him self, I will devide our hole cumpany in two sortes of men: The one ar those that from the begynnyng of this truble have susteaned the commoun danger with thair brethren: The other be those whiche laitlie be joyned to our fallowschip. In the one and in the other, I fear, that just caus shalbe found that God should thus have humiled us. And albeit, that this appear strange at the first hearing, yitt yf everie man shall examyn him self, and speik as that his conscience dites unto him, I dowbt not bot he shall subscrive my sentence. Lett us begyn at our selves, who longast hes continewed in this battell. When we war a few nomber, in comparisoun of our ennemyes, when we had neather Erle nor Lord (a few excepted) to conforte us, we called upoun God; we tooke him for our protectour, defence, and onlie refuge. Amanges us was heard no braggin of multitude, of our strenth, nor pollecey: we did onlye sob to God, to have respect to the equitie of our cause, and to the crewell persute of the tyranefull ennemye. Butt since that our nomber hath bene thus multiplyed, and cheaflie sen my Lord Duik[1058] his Grace with his freindis have bene joyned with us, thair was nothing heard, bot "This Lord will bring these many hundreth spearis: this man hath the credite to perswaid this cuntrey; yf this Erle be ouris, no man in suche a boundis will truble us." And thus the best of us all, that befoir felt Godis potent hand to be our defence, hath of lait dayis putt flesche to be our arme. Butt whairin yit hathe my Lord Duik his Grace and his freindis offended? It may be that, as we haif trusted in thame, so have thei putt too muche confidence in thair awin strenth. But granting so be not,[1059] I see a cause most just, why the Duik and his freindis should thus be confounded amangis the rest of thair brethren. I have nott yit forgottin what was the dolour and anguishe of my awin hearte, when at Sanet Johnestoun, Cowper Mure, and Edinburgh Crages, those crewell murtheraris, that now hath putt us to this dishonour, threatned our present destructioun: my Lord Duik his Grace and his freindis at all the three jornayes, wes to thame a great conforte, and unto us a great discorage; for his name and authoritie did more effray and astonise us, then did the force of the other; yea, without his assistance, thei could not have compelled us to appoint with the Quene upoun so unequall conditionis. I am uncertane yf my Lordis Grace hath unfeanedlie repented of that his assistance to those murtheraris unjustlie persewing us. Yea, I am uncertane yff he hath reapented of that innocent bloode of Chrystes blessed Martyres, whiche was sched in his defalt. But lett it be that so he hath done, (as I hear that he hath confessed his offence befoir the Lordis and Brethren of the Congregatioun,) yit I am assured, that neather he, nether yit his freindis, did feall befoir this tyme the anguishe and greaf of heartis whiche we felt, when in thair blynd furye thei persewed us: And thairfoir hath God justlie permitted both thame and us to fall in this confusioun at ones: us, for that we putt our trust and confidence in man; and thame, becaus that thei should feill in thair awin hearttis how bytter was the coupe which thei maid otheris to drynk befoir thame. [SN: _CONCLUSIO._] Restis that boith thei and we turne to the Eternall oure God, (who beattis doun to death, to the intent that he may raise up agane, to leav the remembrance of his wonderouse deliverance, to the praise of his awin name,) whiche yf we do unfeanedlie, I no more dowbt but that this our dolour, confusioun, and feare, shalbe turned into joy, honour, and boldness, then that I dowt that God gave victorye to the Israelitis over the Benjamites, after that twise with ignominye thei war repulsed and doung back. [SN: LETT THE PAPISTIS AND GREATEST ENNEMYIS WITNESS.] Yea, whatsoever shall become of us and of our mortall carcasses, I dowt not but that this caus, (in dyspite of Sathan,) shall prevaill in the realme of Scotland. For, as it is the eternall trewth of the eternall God, so shall it ones prevaill, howsoever for a time it be impugned. It may be that God shall plague some, for that thei delyte nott in the trewth, albeit for warldlye respectis thei seame to favour it. Yea, God may tak some of his dearest children away befoir that thair eyis see greattar trubles. Bott neather shall the one nor the other so hynder this actioun, but in the end it shall triumphe.

* * * * *

This Sermoun ended, in the whiche he did vehementlie exhorte all man to amendment of lyffe, to prayaris, and to the warkis of charitie, the myndis of men began wounderouslye to be erected. And immediatlie after dennare, the Lordis passed to Counsall,[1060] unto the whiche the said Johnne Knox was called to mack invocatioun of the name of God, (for other preachearis war nane with us at that tyme.) In the end it was concluded, that Williame Maitland[1061] foirsaid should pas to Londoun to expone our estait and conditioun to the Quein and Counsall, and that the Noble men should departe to thair quyett, to the sextene day of December, whiche tyme was appointed to the nixt Conventioun in Striveling, as in this our Thrid Booke following shalbe more amplie declaired.

ENDIS THE SECOUND BOOKE OF THE HISTORYE OF THE PROGRESSE OF RELIGIOUN WITHIN SCOTLAND.[1062]

_Look upoun us, O Lorde, in the multitude of thy mercyes; for we ar brought evin to the deape of the dongeoun._

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

No. I.

INTERPOLATIONS AND VARIOUS READINGS IN THE EDITIONS OF KNOX'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION, BY DAVID BUCHANAN, PRINTED AT LONDON, 1644, FOLIO, AND REPRINTED AT EDINBURGH, 1644, 4TO.

(THE PAGES AND LINES AT THE LEFT-HAND SIDE REFER TO THE PRESENT EDITION.)

Page 1, line 5. (_This title and Preface are not contained in Buchanan's editions._)

5, l. 20. _Instead of the words_, "In the Scrollis of Glasgw," &c., _it begins_, In the Records of Glasgow is found mention of one whose name was James Resby, an Englishman by birth, scholler to Wickliff: He was accused as an Heretike, by one Lawrence Lindors in Scotland, and burnt for having said, That the Pope was not the Vicar of Christ, and that a man of wicked life was not to be acknowledged for Pope. This fell out Anno 1422. Farther our Chronicles make mention, That _in the dayis_,[1063] &c.

6, l. 23. _injust accusatioun and condemnatioun._ Both these godly men, Resby and Craw, suffered Martyrdom for Christ his truth, by Henry Wardlaw, Bishop of St. Andrewes, whom the Prelates place amongst their Worthies. But that their wicked _practise did not greatly advance_, &c.--l. 25.

7, l. 11. Helene Chalmer, Lady Pokellie, Isabelle Chambers, Lady Stairs.

8, l. 4. _ar not to be had_ in the Kyrk, nor to be worshipped.--9. _That it is not_ lawfull to fight for the faith, nor to defend the faith by the sword, if we be not driven to it by necessity, which is above all law.--12. _gave power to Peter_, as also to the other Apostles, and not to the Pope his pretended successour, _to binde_, &c.--14. _to consecrate_ as they do in the Romish Church these many yeers.--19. _were then called_, to wit, wholly, but a part to the poor, widow, or orphans, and other pious uses.

9, l. 5. _is a preast_, in that sence that they are called by the Apostle Saint John, Apoc. i. 6, v. 10, xx. 6.--7. _coming of Christ_; and truely it was but late since Kings were anointed, namely in Scotland, for Edgar was the first anointed King in Scotland, about the year 1100.--12. _the souls_, who in those dayes were said to be _in Purgatory_.--25. _not to be feared_, if there be no true cause for it.--26. _to swear_, to wit, idly, rashly, and in vain.--27. _Priests_ may have wives, _according to the constitution of the law_, and of the primitive Christian Church.--30. _every day_ by Faith.--31. _be contracted_ and consummate, the Kyrk may make, &c.--32. _bindes not_ if unjust.

10, l. 1. _to miracles_, to such namely as the Romish were then, and are to this day.--3. _to God onely_, since he onely hears us, and can help us.--12. _are murtherars_ of souls.--13. _That they which are called_ Princes and Prelates in the Church, _are theives and robbers_.

16, l. 14. _upon the_ morrow after brought forth to judgment.

19, l. 10. into vulgar language.--11. (_This title and Fryth's Preface are not contained in Buchanan's editions._)

36, l. 18. _was ane called_ Will. Arithe.

37, l. 2. _his_ parasites and jackmen.

38, l. 12. _and cryes_, Anne has lost hir spindle.--13. _flaill stollin_ behinde the barne.

39, l. 9. _he said_--she said.--13. _that look_ over our ditch.--17. _we hold_ the Bishops the cheapest servant.

41, l. 12. _for the_ other Friers fearing.

42, l. 6. _in_ hollow cellars, for the smoke of.

43, l. 2, _He_ leapt up merrily upon the scaffold, and, casting a gambade, said.

49, l. 1. thy Majesties sometime servant.--(_In this Letter of Seaton's_, your Grace is _uniformly changed to_ Majestie.)

51, l. 11. _to put_ out _thy_.

52, l. 15. _could greatly_ availl.--17. _fostered the_ unadvised _Prince in all_ dissolutenesse, by which means they made him obsequious unto them.

53, l. 7, 8. _ten yearis or_ thereabout.--11. _realme_ in these times.--_intestine and_ cruell.--15. _Levenax_--Lenox, who was sisters son to the Earle of Arran.

54, l. 7. _of Rome_; commanded the Bible to be read in English; _suppressed_.--8. _of Idolatrie_, with their idols, which gave great hope.--(_In the margin_,) 1534. 1538. The civil troubles give some rest to God's flock for a time.--20. _craftynes of_ Gardner, Bishop of.--23. _but that_ God potently had assisted him in all his life, _but_.

56, l. 12. _maid_ he _them_.

57, l. 1. _Johnne Stewart_ of Leyth.--3. _Johnestoun_, Advocate.

59, l. 11. _Laird of Dun_, Areskin.--20. _as one_ revived, cast _himself_.

61, l. 8. _whome war_ those of Dundie.--12. _Borthwik_, Provost of Lithcow.--(_In the margin_,) Lesly writes this done 1540. John Borthwick fled into England, from whence Henry sent him into Germanie to the Protestant Princes.

62, l. 4. _Frearis_ and _Monks_, as of _Channons_.

64, l. 1. Alexander _Kennedy_.--2. _excellent_ wit in vulgar _poesy_.

66, l. 17-22. _so far had_ they blinded and corrupted the inconsiderate Prince, that he gave _himself to obey the tyrannie of those bloodie beasts_, and he _made a solemne vow_.

67, l. 6. _suddane_ punishment.--7. _upon him_, if _he did not repent_, and amend his _life_.

68, l. 5. _and deid_, not saying one _worde_, _that same day that_, in _audience_.

70, l. 8. _forgevance_ of the said _Thomas_.

71, l. 1-4. _change or_ alter the heart of the infortunate and misled Prince, but still he did proceed in his accustomed wayes. _For in the midst of these_ evills.

72, l. 2. _eschaping_, (the keepers being asleep, he went out at the window.)--5. _espy_ and detest.--10. Earle of Glevearne.

76, l. 1-5. After _God had given unto that_ mis-informed _Prince sufficient documents_, _that his_ warring _against his blessed_ Gospel _should not prosperously succeed_, _he_ raised up _against him_ warres, as he did of old against divers Princes that would not hear his voice, _in the which he_ lost himself, _as we shall_ here_after heare_.

77, l. 18. _our kingdome_ of Abbots, Monks, &c., _and_.

79, l. 9. _Forresse war runne upon_--Forces were sent up and down to.

80, l. 12. _to skaill_ and sunder.--26. _wounded his_ high stomacke.--29. _had not_ cut the dayes of his life.

81, l. 9. _Preastis_--Prelats.

82, l. 2. _what tyme_--at that time when.--3. _Yles_, in the yeere 1534.--13. _Jefwellis_--Juglers.

83, l. 4. _I shall_ reproove _you by sharpe_ punishments.--16. _honour nor continuance_--honour nor countenance.

84, l. 2. _Thare concurred ... prophettis_, (_omitted._)--4. _closenes and_ fidelity among them.--7. _should be_ theirs.--11. _that Raid_--that device.--23-25. _amonges whome was_ the Erle of Arran, notwithstanding his siding with the current of the Court, and his neernesse in blood to the King. _It was bruited._

85, l. 15. _The_ foreward _goeth forth_, feare _rises_.--18. _thousand men_; their beacons _on every side_.

86, l. 5, 6. _experte_. _About ten houris_--expert, about ten hours.--8, 9. _baner_; and he upholden by two spears, _lift up_.--18. _and Mearns_. _In this_ mountain _did_.--27. _array_ in order.

87, l. 2. _softlye_--safely.

88, l. 1. _to tack the_ bandis.--7. _Somervaill_ and Oliphant, _and many_.--9. _Worldly men_ say that.

89, l. 21. who waited upon news at Lochmaban.--(_In the margin_,) Others say, at Carlaverock, neere by the place where the defeat was given, called Solway Mosse.

90, l. 25. _ane of his_ mistresses.

91, l. 6. _for a_ scourge.--11. _it will end_ with _a woman_. From Mary, daughter to Robert Bruse, married to Walter Stuart, he feared that his daughter should be married to ane of another name and family; but yow see by God's providence, the Crown remains in one and the same family and name to this day, notwithstanding the many plots of the pretenders to the Crowne both at home and abroad.--15. _ane_ fit _comforter_.--21. _that so_ it _should be_.

92, l. 3. _best_. The Cardinal having hired one Henry Balfour, a priest, to make a false Testament; which was done accordingly, but in vain.--6. (_In the margin_,) Marke the Queenes mourning for the King. (_And a few lines lower down_,) Others stick not to say, That the King was hastned away by a potion. Levit. 12.--Divers characters of the King arise: post funera virtus.

93, l. 4, 5. _disprased him for_ being much given to women. The Prelats and Clergie feared a change in the King's mind, as he had expressed himself some few years before.--10. _cloked_. Yet to speak truth of him, his vices may justly be attributed to the times, and his breedeing, and not any wickednesse in his nature; for he gave many expressions of a good nature, namely, in his sobriety and justice, &c. _The question._--23. _he_ pretended _to succeid_.--26. _oppones thame_, and are against _the governement_.

94, l. 16. _against_ God's _justice_.--17. _And_ so, _in despite_.

95, l. 1. _heirof_ we _will after_ speak.--8. severed.--9. _The_ Erle of Arran thus being _established in_ the _governement_.--11. _exalted him_ to be Governour, _out of what danger he had delivered him_, he being in the bloody scroll, as wee saw before; _and what expectation all men of honesty had of him_, because they saw him a soft man, they conceited goodnesse of him.

97, l. 2. _drouned_--devoured.

98, l. 6. _Scriptures in the_ vulgar _tongue_.--9. _als_, (_omitted_.)--13. _the Kirk_--the Church, he means the Prelats, _first_.--14. _thei three_--but the three, viz., Hebrew, Greek, and Latine.

99, l. 3. _people used not_--people used the Psalmes.--27. _old Boses_--old Bishops.

100, l. 5. _had of the_ Old and New.--12, 13. _thair awin_ vulgar _toung_, _and so war_.--19. _in the_ vulgar _toung_.--22. (_In the margin_,) Note the hypocrisie of worldlings.

101, l. 5. _to maik courte_, and curry favour _thairby_.--25. (_In the margin_,) Nothing could be said against the lawfulnes of Edward's birth. Katharine of Spain and Anne Bullen being dead before his mother was married to his father.

102, l. 5. _ensew to_ this _realme_.--18. _Maister_ Radulph _Saidlair_.

103, l. 5. _contract of marriage_ made _betuix_.--19. _abaide suyre at_--abode fast to.

105, l. 10. _Abbot of Paislay_, called now of late John Hamilton, _bastard brother_, &c.--(_In the margin there is added_,) He was before sometimes called Cunningham, sometimes Colwan, so uncertaine was it who was his father.--18. _one_ or the other would go to _the pulpit_.

107, l. 6. _then_ to have been so used--8. _deprehended_--followed.--14. _his_ counterfeit _godlynes_.--15. _heirefter_--heirof.--22. _any joyt_--one jote.--25. _his rycht_--his pretended right.--26. _For by Goddis word_ could not be good the divorcement of his father from Elizabeth Hume, sister to the Lord Hume, his lawfull wife, and consequently his marriage with Beton, neece to James Beton, Bishop of St. Andrews, (Elizabeth Hume being alive,) must be null, and he declared bastard. _Caiaphas spake_, &c.

109, (_To this marginal note is added_,) Renouncing his religion in the Gray Friers.

110, l. 23. _Governour_; First, because he himselfe was borne by Beton, his father's lawfull wife, Elizabeth Humes being yit alive; Next, because his grandfather was borne by Mary Stuart to James Hammilton, when her lawfull husband Thomas Boyd was yet alive. So the Earle of Lennox did not only pretend to be lawfully next to the Crowne, as the late King James the Fifth did often declare, That if he died without heire male, he would settle the Crowne upon him, but also lawfull heire of the Earledome of Arran, as being descended from Margaret Hamilton, borne to Mary Stuart and James Hammilton after the death of Thomas Boyd, her former husband, (now by this time the inconstant Earle of Arran had given himselfe wholly to the Cardinall.) _The Cardinall_, &c.--(_In the margin_,) All this was then said by the Cardinal. _Penes authorem fides esto._

111, l. 4. _Ayre_--Ayre, Campbell.--6. _to Leyth_--to light.--18. _the sonare_--in time.

112, l. 15. _that he wold_ take.--16. _wold not_ grant.--17. _communicat_--communed.

113, l. 4, 5. _the Magdelane day_--Saint Magdalen's day.--6. _Gray tacking_--Gray took.

114, l. 2. _had his fortificatioun_--had fortification.--5. _so much attend_--so attend.--7, 8. _play_ the good servant unto him, was reputed his enemy.--17. _thei war_ no more then 300.--(_In the margin_,) As they went to Dundee, they said they were going to burn the readers of the New Testament, and that they would stick to the Old, for Luther, said they, had made the New.

115, l. 7. _to have_ kept.--(8. prevented, _i.e._ anticipated.)--9. _thare_ friend.--13. _was_ sent to the Bischop of Saint Andrews, the Abbot of Paisley.--20. _war_ on the place.

116, l. 1. _ane certane_ number.--7. _whether to_--whereto.--19. _his craft_ perswaded.

119, l. 6. _ower the craig_--over the wall.--8. _broke his craig_--broken his owne neck.

120, l. 7. _thei_--the ships.

121, l. 9. _other then_--after the Castle.

123, l. 9. _feallis war_--Files war charged to be.

124, l. 1, 2. _Hary_, sometime husband to our Queen and Mistresse.--8. _Eme's wyiff_--enemies _wife_.--10. _in propertie_--in povertie.

125, l. 1. _he hes had_ since, and that _in common_.

126, l. 14. _hornyng_--burning.--27. _with him_--with them.

127, l. 8, and 128, l. 4. _In anno_ 1566, (_inserted in the text thus_,) that now liveth in the year of our Lord 1566.

129, l. 24. _Porte_ or gate.

130, l. 6. _intreat_ of.--11. _neyther eak_--neither maid.--18. _thame as_ he could; being _such_.--28. _wold have_ used.

131, l. 3. _whingar_--dagger.--12, 13. _may feare_, in time to come, we will.--19. _another_--another place.

133, l. 3, 4. _sound_ of prayers.--6. _prevented_--came before.--11, 12. _grones; yea, we heard your bitter_--(_omitted_.)

136, l. 7. _awfull_--irefull.--11. _hypocrisie_ within this realme; ye shall.

137, l. 26. _verray countenance_--weary countenance.

138, l. 27. _declared_ fully. The Spirit of Truth.

139, l. 7, 8, and 9. _And so_ the said John Knox, _albeit_, &c., (_the intermediate words being omitted_.)

142, l. 1. _premisses_--promise.--5. _the Larde_--Johan Cockburne, Laird.