Chapter 1

D. C. HEATH AND COMPANY

BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO ATLANTA

DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO LONDON

COPYRIGHT, 1915,

BY D. C. HEATH & CO.

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PREFACE

One of the great thinkers of the world has said that all the sciences are embodied in natural history. Hence natural history should be taught to a child from an early age.

Perhaps the best method of teaching it is to set forth the characteristics of animals in the form of a narrative. Then the child reads the narrative with pleasure and almost as a story, not as a tedious "lesson."

I have followed that method in the Wonders of the Jungle. The present work (Book One) is intended to be a supplementary reader for the earlier grades in grammar schools. If it be found useful, I shall write one or two more books in progressive order for the use of higher grades.

In Book One I have depicted only such wild animals as appeal to the interest of young children, and even to their sympathy and love. In subsequent books I shall describe the animals that prey upon others. As those animals are not lovable, it would be better for the child to read about them a year or two later. But even to those animals I shall be just, and shall depict their good qualities as well as their preying habits. How many people know that the very worst animal, the tiger, is a better husband and father than many men? Or that the ferocity of the tigress is prompted entirely by her maternal instinct--and that in every case of unusual ferocity yet recorded it was afterward found that there was a helpless cub somewhere near? Hence in subsequent books I shall enter more fully into the causes of animal instincts and characteristics--their loves and their hates and their fears.

Regarding the scheme of Book One, the animals are described in their daily life, and the main scientific facts and principles concerning each animal are woven into the narrative as a part of that daily life. But while teaching science to the child in that pleasant form, a few other purposes have also been kept in view:--

1. To cultivate the child's imagination. True imagination is the ability to visualize mentally the realities of life, not what is unreal--for which it is so often mistaken. Hence in this book the child is helped to visualize the animals in their actual haunts, and to see each incident as it actually happens.

2. To cultivate the child's reasoning faculty. The child is encouraged at every step to think and to reason why the animal does certain things; _e.g._ why the elephant does not drink directly with its mouth, but has to squirt the water into it with the trunk.

3. To teach a moral from the study of animals. The whole of Creation is one immense and beautiful pattern: so the child may well be trained to see the pattern in this also. And as a practical benefit from the study of animals, the child may learn thereby the value of certain qualities, such as obedience, discipline, and good citizenship--_e.g._ as in the remarkable case of the elephant, the buffalo, and the flamingo, as described in the text. In this regard I have kept in mind the very useful suggestions formulated a few years ago by the Moral Education League of Great Britain, under the patronage of Queen Mary, five of whose children at that time ranged in age from seven to fifteen. One of the functions of education is to present to the child the noblest and the most elevated of ideals. I have sought to do that in almost every chapter.

I have to acknowledge my obligation to the New York Kindergarten Association for its valuable cooperation in putting this book through a practical test. The Kindergarten Association on more than one occasion provided me with a large audience of children, ranging in age from six to nine, ex-pupils of the Association, who are now in the public schools.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

I. THE MIDNIGHT POOL

Elephants Drink First--But Down Stream How the Elephant Drinks Why the Elephant Drinks with his Trunk

II. THE LAW OF THE JUNGLE

How Buffaloes Come to Drink--In Rows Buffalo Knights Guard the Timid Deer Wild Pigs--Careless Red Dogs--Bold, Fearing Nobody Other Animals Come Alone The Law of the Jungle--Clear Water for All

III. THE ELEPHANTS' BATH

Elephant Child Obeys Mamma--or Gets Spanked How the Elephant Child is Bathed How the Elephant Child Learns to Swim

IV. ELEPHANTS: THE TRICKS OF THE JUNGLE

Elephant Child Learns to Feed Elephant Child "Swats" Tormenting Flies Elephant Covers Back from Hot Sun How Elephants Walk under Water How Elephants Break Down or Pull Out Trees

V. ELEPHANTS: THE TRICKY TRAP

The Elephant Taps Suspicious Ground with his Trunk Elephant Tricks the Tricky Trappers

VI. BUFFALOES: THE KNIGHTS OF THE JUNGLE

Buffaloes Cover Body with Mud against Flies How Buffaloes Guard against Tiger while Feeding How Buffaloes Know Danger is Coming--Three ways Buffalo Sentinels Buffaloes Make a Ring when Tiger Comes Small Animals Find Safety in Buffalo Ring

VII. TAMING THE BUFFALO

Wild Buffaloes Tamed Quickly by Kindness Little Boys Take Charge of Buffaloes How the Big Buffaloes Love the Little Boys

VIII. THE BUFFALO AND THE BOY

IX. DEER AND ANTELOPE

Horns and Antlers Different in Three Ways Elk and Other American Deer Other Kinds of Deer Barking Deer--One of the Wonders of Nature

X. DEER AND ANTELOPE: THEIR SPECIAL GIFTS

Each Animal has the Gift he Needs Most

XI. THE CAMEL

The Camel's Wonderful Gifts

XII. THE CAMEL AND THE THIEF

XIII. BEARS

The Polar Bear American Bears Other Bears

XIV. BEARS: THE TRICKY TRAP

XV. BRIGHT BIRDS

The Flamingo The Parrot The Cockatoo The Peacock The Golden Pheasant The Snowy Egret

XVI. THE CAGED PARROT

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ILLUSTRATIONS

MIDNIGHT POOL: ANIMALS DRINKING Frontispiece

THE BUFFALOES AND THE BLUE DEER

AN ELEPHANT GIVING HIMSELF A SHOWER BATH.

AN ELEPHANT MAMMA CARRYING HER CHILD ACROSS THE RIVER

AN ELEPHANT BREAKING A TREE WITH HIS FOOT

ELEPHANT PULLING BANANAS OUT OF A TRICKY TRAP

THE BUFFALO THAT LIVES IN INDIA

THE TIGER AND THE RING OF BUFFALOES

TAME WATER BUFFALOES PLOWING IN THE RICE FIELDS

ANTELOPE

ELK

ARABIAN CAMEL--WITH ONE HUMP

BACTRIAN CAMEL--WITH TWO HUMPS

SAND STORM IN THE DESERT

CROSSING THE DESERT WITH CAMELS

POLAR BEAR

HIMALAYAN BLACK BEAR

A BEAR FIGHTING A BLOCK OF STONE

A FLAMINGO COLONY

SNOWY EGRETS

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THE WONDERS OF THE JUNGLE