CHAPTER X.
SPECTRES—THE GHOST ILLUSION 264
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
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FIG. PAGE
1. Section of the Eye 24
2. A Camera Obscura 27
3. The Phenakistiscope 54
4. Disc of the Phenakistiscope 55
5. Solar Spectrum Frontispiece
6. Absorption of Light by Sodium Vapour _ib._
7. Action of a Prism on the Solar Rays _ib._
8. The Recomposition of Light 86
9. Recomposition of Light by means of a 87 Concave Mirror
10. Recomposition of Light by means of a 88 number of Mirrors
11. Newton’s Disc 89
12. Newton’s Rings 95
13. Reflection from Plane Surfaces 107
14. Refraction 108
15. Experimental Proof of Refraction _ib._
16. The Effects of Plane Mirrors 109
17. Reflection from the Surface of Water 110
18. Concave Mirror 111
19. Conjugate Foci 113
20. Virtual Focus 114
21. Concave Mirror _ib._
22. Magnifying Effect of Concave Mirrors 115
23. The Reversal of real Images _ib._
24. Diminishing Power of Convex Mirrors 116
25. Burning Mirror 124
26. Double Convex Lens 127
27. Forms of Lenses 128
28. Path of a Ray through a Convex Lens 129
29. Path of Divergent Rays through a Convex _ib._ Lens
30. Conjugate Foci 130
31. Images formed by Convex Lenses 131
32. Magnifying Property of Convex Lenses 132
33. Diminishing Effect of Concave Lenses _ib._
34. Cannon of the Palais Royal 134
35. Fresnel’s Lighthouse Apparatus 136
36. Lantern of a First-Class Lighthouse 140
37. The Compound Microscope 143
38. The Theory of the Compound Microscope 144
39. Photo-Electric Microscope 147
40. Solar Microscope 148
41. The Galilean Telescope 155
42. The Astronomical Telescope 156
43. Section of an Astronomical Telescope 157
44. Section of the Gregorian Telescope 160
45. Gregorian Telescope 161
46. Section of a Newtonian Telescope 162
47. Herschellian Telescope 164
48. Foucault’s Large Telescope 169
49. Foucault’s Small Telescope 171
50. Section of the Magic Lantern 179
51. Magic Lantern 182
52. The Phantasmagoria 184
53. The Phantascope 185
54. Phantasmagoria (ROBERTSON) 194
55. Wizard Dance 198
56. Nostradamus and Marie de Médicis 201
57. The Arrangement of the Reversing Prism 203
58. The Goat Trick 205
59. How to see through a Brick 207
60. The Polemoscope 210
61. Protection against ill-natured People 213
62. 218
63. Anamorphosis 220
64. Effect of Cut Paper-work 225
65. Seditious Toys 229
66. Diorama 234
67. 237
68. Stereoscope 238
69. The Principle of the Refracting 239 Stereoscope
70. The Camera Obscura 243
71. Section of Camera Lucida 247
72. The Spectre—an Optical Illusion 269
73. How to produce Spectres 271
THE WONDERS OF OPTICS.
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